Answer:
does not dissociate completely
Explanation:
does not dissociate completely. Strong base dissociates completely, weak base only does it partially and it is according to its Kb (equilibrium constant)
The weak base B) does not dissociate completely.
Explanation:Bases are the substance which produces [tex]\bold{OH^-}[/tex] ions when dissolved in aqueous solution or when they are treated with water. The pH of bases remains above 7. They react with salt and cause neutralization a process through which salts are formed.
Based upon the dissociation rate, they are classified as strong base or week base. The base which gets completely dissolved in aqueous solution or water, it is called as strong base, whereas the base which gets partially dissociates or does not dissociate completely when treated with water or aqueous solution are called weak base.
During the rainy season, and just as the dry season starts, food is abundant for all finches. However, as the dry season wears on, the seeds they eat become harder to find and competition becomes an important factor in survival. When a serious drought lasting 2.5 years hit Daphne, the only finches that survived were the ones that could find enough food; seeds that they could not split open did not contribute to survival. Heavy mortality in a population means there is strong selection for heritable traits that help individuals survive and reproduce. For example, G. magnirostris eat large seeds, and G. magnirostris can outcompete all other finches. The Big Birds and G. fortis fight over smaller seeds and water holes, but the Big Birds are dominant to G. fortis because they are almost twice the size of G. fortis. Given what you know about G. fortis, G. magnirostris, and the Big Bird lineage, what do you predict will happen as the drought continues?
Final answer:
As the drought persists, finches with larger, broader beaks that can eat tougher seeds will survive and reproduce more successfully, leading to an increase in these traits in the population.
Explanation:
During the drought, the abundance of hard, large seeds and scarcity of small, soft seeds on Daphne Major leads to a competitive advantage for finches like G. magnirostris and the Big Birds that can process these tougher seeds. With natural selection favoring these traits, we predict that the population of G. fortis, which competes less effectively due to its smaller size and beak, will decline. Conversely, finches with larger, broader beaks capable of handling the available seeds are more likely to survive and reproduce, leading to an increase in the average beak size within the population over time. This reflects a pattern of evolution by natural selection observed by scientists like the Grants, emphasizing the importance of heritable traits like beak size in finch survival during environmental changes such as droughts.
Two fruit flies produce a generation of 103 offspring, of which 103 had recessive ebony bodies (bb) and 0 had brown bodies (BB or Bb). What can you conclude about the parents of this generation? One parent was heterozygous for body color and the other was homozygous with a brown body. One parent had an ebony body and the other was heterozygous for body color. Both parents were heterozygous for body color. Both parents were homozygous with ebony bodie
Answer:
The last option, Both parents were homozygous with ebony bodie, is the correct one.
Explanation:
We see all the offspring are bb.
In this case both parents, should also be "bb" so they would be homozygous ebony because that's a recessive trait.
An example: In Bb, b is the recessive trait. Here there's a big B and a small b, then the recessive trait (small b) will be not be seen but the dominant (Big B) will.
So in order for all the offspring to be ebony (bb) which is the recessive trait, none of them can have atleast one B ( BB or Bb), then both the parents have to be homozygous for the recessive trait. That means bb.
So the last option, Both parents were homozygous with ebony bodie, is the correct one.
Viruses can be transmitted through air, water, food, insect bites, and direct skin contact. Once a virus gains entry to the body, it invades a host cell in order to
Answer: Use the host cells biosynthetic machinery for its own growth and energy production.
Explanation:
Viruses are considered non-living because they lack cells to produce their own food and cannot grow or live on their own. Once they invade their host, they use its biosynthetic machinery for survival.
Upon entry into the body, viruses attach to specific host cells using molecular surface structures called viral receptors. Subsequently, they invade these cells and replicate their viral genome, leading to the creation of new virions that are released to infect other cells. This process is highly specific, quick, and occurs without immediate damage to the host cell.
Explanation:Viruses are obligate, intracellular parasites that are dependent on host cells for their reproduction. When viruses enter the body via water, air, food, insect bites or direct skin contact, they target specific cells known as permissive cells. These targeted host cells have a specific molecular structure on their surface known as the viral receptor that the virus binds to for entry.
Once inside the host cell, the virus proceeds with its replication process. This process involves several stages: attachment, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, and release. The virus attaches to the host cell, penetrates it, sheds its protein coat (uncoating), copies its viral genome (biosynthesis), matures by assembling the copied genomes and structural proteins into new virions (viral particles), and finally it releases these new virions to infect other cells.
Interestingly, these viruses are specific to their hosts, due to differences in chemical composition of cell-surface receptors. Therefore, a virus infecting a particular species often has difficulties infecting another species. These processes are specific, rapid and often occur without immediate damage to the host cell. However, ongoing viral infection may impair the function of infected cells and lead to the onset of diseases.
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A lab assistant needs to mix up the following reaction to prepare DNA for an experiment:
25ul of a DNA sample
25ul of enzyme
50ul of reaction buffer
400ul of water
The smallest size tube that will hold the entire reaction is ??? [0.05, 0.5, or 5] ml:
Which of the following pipetting devices most likely would not be used by the lab assistant to measure the needed volumes?? [P20, P200, P1000]?
The enzyme comes as a concentrated solution of 20 Units of activity per ul. Therefore, the reaction mix will have ??? total Units of the enzyme at a working dilution of ??? Units/ul.
Answer:
The smallest size tube that will hold the entire reaction is 0.5ml
Explanation:
25ul (DNA sample) + 25ul (enzyme) + 50ul (buffer) + 400ul (water) = 500ul total
since 1000ul=1ml, then 500ul = 0.5ml
Answer:
The device that mostlikely would not be used P20
Explanation:
P20 is a pipette used to measure and sample volumes of 20ul maximum.
Answer:
The reaction mix will have 400 units of the enzyme.
The working dilution will be 0.8 Units/ul.
Explanation:
The mix has 20ul of the enzyme which is 20Units/ul. Then we have 20ulx20Units/ul= 400 Units of enzyme in the mix.
Since the final volume is 500ul, the final concentration 400Units/500ul=0.8 Units/ul.
Select all molecules that are considered to be macromolecules. Check all that apply. An mRNA that will be translated to make a catabolic enzyme An mRNA that will be translated to make a catabolic enzyme An individual lipid found in a cell membrane An individual lipid found in a cell membrane A protein that is involved in DNA replication
Answer:
All given options are correct.
Explanation:
Biomolecules may be defined as the organic molecules that are present in the living organism. Four important biomolecules are proteins, carbohydrates, fats and nucleic acids.
The biomolecules are known as macromolecules because they are made of large units of molecule. The mRNA that translates to form a enzymes is macromolecule because RNA is made of large units of nucleotides. Lipid that found in cell membrane are macromolecules because they are made of more than 1000 atoms. Protein that are involved in DNA replication are macromolecules as they have large units of amino acids.
Thus, all the given option are correct.
Macromolecules are large, complex molecules essential to life, such as proteins and nucleic acids. Proteins produced by translation of mRNA and those involved in DNA replication are considered macromolecules, whereas individual lipids are generally not, due to their smaller size and simplicity.
Explanation:Biological macromolecules are essential large molecules in living organisms, composed of smaller building blocks. There are four major classes of biological macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Among these, proteins and nucleic acids like mRNA are typically considered to be macromolecules because of their large and complex structures.
Proteins, including enzymes involved in catabolism and those that play a role in DNA replication, are synthesized through a process known as translation or protein synthesis. This involves decoding an mRNA by the ribosome to produce a polypeptide chain that folds into a functional protein. Proteins are not only functional as enzymes but also provide structural support, making them macromolecules by definition.
On the other hand, individual lipids found in cell membranes are not typically categorized as macromolecules because they are smaller and not as complex compared to proteins and nucleic acids. However, when lipids form complex structures like the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes, the entire structure could be considered a macromolecule.
An mRNA that will be translated to make a catabolic enzyme and a protein that is involved in DNA replication are considered macromolecules.
A science class is studying solubility, so they perform a lab to answer the question, "How does temperature affect the solubility of sugar in water?" The results of their experiment appear below.
Amount of Sugar Dissolved at Different Temperatures
Temperature (°C) Grams of sugar that dissolved
in 100 g water
0 180
20 205
40 240
60 280
80 360
100 490
Which of the following conclusions best answers the experimental question?
A.
All of these statements are valid answers to the experimental question.
B.
Sugar is composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms covalently bonded together.
C.
The solubility of sugar in water is 490 g sugar/100 g water at 100°C.
D.
The solubility of sugar in water increases with an increase in temperature.
Reset Submit
Answer: It is D. The solubility of sugar in water increases with an increase in temperature.
Explanation:
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
The sugar dissolves in water to make a homogeneous solution. Amount of sugar that is dissolved in 100 gram of water varies at different temperature.
The dissolution of sugar in water at different temperatures is called solubility.
It is seen that the solubility of sugar in water increases with increase in the temperature.
Hence, the correct answer is option D
Gram-__________ cells are more susceptible to penicillin than Gram-______________ cells because the thick ___________ cell walls of Gram-positive cells are critical for their function. Gram-negative cells also contain an outer_______________, which excludes small molecules, such as antibiotics.
Answer:Gram positive bacteria is more susceptible to penicillin because the peptidoglycan, which forms the cell wall, is directly exposed to the drug. On the other hand, gram negative cell walls have a layer of lipopolysaccharide, and a few other layers, and then the peptidoglycan is there. Therefore, for the penicillin to reach the gram negative peptidoglycan it has to travel through the other layers first
Explanation:
Deforestation ________.
a. diminishes the trees' ability to purify water
b. increases greenhouse gases
c. fosters replication of endangered species
d. increases the availability of resources to humans
e. minimizes the flow of water, but increases the quality of the water we drink
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
Deforestation can be defined as the cutting down of trees in huge number. This act increases the amount of green house gases in the environment.
This is so because the carbon dioxide which is an important green house gas is absorbed by the trees which reduces the concentration of green house gas and thus decreases green house effect.
But lesser number of plants will increase the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere thus increasing the green house effect.
You experimentally change the DNA sequence directly upstream of a start codon of an operon in E. coli to investigate the function of this region of DNA. Analysis reveals that after the change the same amount of mRNA is made from the operon, but there are very few proteins made from the operon. What is the most likely function of the DNA sequence that you changed
a. The DNA sequence likely functions as in transcriptional regulation.b. The DNA sequence likely functions as a termination sequence.c. The DNA sequence likely functions as a promoter.d. The DNA sequence likely functions as a ribosome-binding site.
Answer:
The correct answer is option d. "The DNA sequence likely functions as a ribosome-binding site".
Explanation:
The question states that a DNA region upstream of a start codon of an operon was changed to see its function. The result of the change was that the same amount of mRNA was made from the operon but very few proteins were expressed. This indicates that the DNA region that was changed most likely functions as a ribosome-binding site. This would explain why the translation level was affected but not the transcription level. A change in a ribosome-binding site would only affect the level of translation as a result of mRNA binding poorly to the ribosome.
An organism grew well on TSA plates, a bit slower on MM1 and not at all on MM1 without glucose. The results indicate that organism is not fastidious since it __________.
Answer:
Can grow on MM1.
Explanation:
Organisms that can only grow in a media having specific nutrients included in it are called a fastidious organism, this implies that these organisms have specific nutrient requirements for their growth. MM 1 represents the minimal media which has basic nutrients present in it, however as the fastidious organisms require some particular or complex nutrients for their growth they can not grow on the minimal media. Therefore, since the organisms that are given in the question is able to grow on the minimal media MM1, this implies that it is not a fastidious organism.A child is born with curly hair like her mother's and blue eyes like her father's. Why does the child have these features?
Answer:
"Men have one X chromosome, from their mother, and one Y chromosome, from their father. Because of this, a man will pass his copy of the X chromosome—and the genes it contains—only to his daughters and his copy of the Y chromosome only to his sons. Women have two alleles of every gene on the X chromosome, one inherited from their father and one from their mother. Men have a single allele of each gene on the X chromosome, inherited from their mother, and a single allele of each gene on the Y chromosome, from their father."
Explanation:
https://genos.co/resources/inherited.html
Answer:
The child inherited features through DNA from both parents is the correct answers.
Explanation:
It is necessary to remember that the child receives the chromosomes from his parents: the mother gives him one X chromosome while the father gives the child an X chromosome. Due to this, the child receives characteristics from both of them, which result in the blue eyes and the curly hair.
could someone pls help me this is due tomorrow
Answer:
Your answer is below
Explanation:
The first picture shows a cell membrane inside the protein there is a protein that needs energy to carries a molecule. Then, picture a is active transport, it needs energy.
The second picture shows a cell membrane that is that is eating a molecule then this picture shows a endocytosis process. It needs energy.
The third picture shows a cell membrane and a protein inside it, but it doesn't needs energy to carries a molecule, then this picture is an example of facilitated diffusion.
The fourth picture shows a membrane that is excreting wastes or molecules, then this picture is exocytosis. It needs energy.
In a classic experiment that demonstrated the semiconservative nature of DNA replication, cells were grown first in 14N-containing media and later in 15N-containing media, and DNA was separated by
Answer:
Cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation
Explanation:
Centrifugation is a technique that separates the one type of molecules from the others based on some physical properties such as density, shape, molecular weight, etc.
Meselson and Franklin Stahl grew the E coli cells in the N-14 and N-15 medium. They isolated the DNA from E coli cells and separated the double helices by centrifugation in a cesium chloride density gradient.
The technique of density gradient centrifugation separates the heavy-heavy, light-light, and heavy-light DNA double helices into distinct bands as they differ from each other with respect to density.
Which statement is NOT true about catabolic pathways? Which statement is NOT true about catabolic pathways?
a. They have a net consumption of ATP.
b. They liberate smaller molecules from larger ones.
c. They have a net release of energy.
d. They include the citric acid cycle.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Option A is your answer, because in catabolic pathways ATP is released, not consumed. Besides, other options describes catabolic pathways as such.
The ATP energy is consumed in anabolic pathways, the opposite to catabolic. Maybe you thought that option D is the NOT TRUE, but actually the citric acid cycle is involved in catabolic pathways.
A fish die when taken out of water while a rat kept under water dies . What availibility allows the rat and fish to sirvive in their respecrive habitat
What examples of human behavior have you seen that seem to have been inherited from our ancestors because they helped individuals survive and adapt more effectively? Why do you think they are inherited?
Answer:
Domesticating plants and animals
Fear of snakes and spiders
Social roles and cooperation
Explanation:
The reason that we inherited these traits from our ancestors is that they confer an advantage in the environment in which we live. This process occurred through natural selection pressures that power evolution. Individuals that bore these traits had higher chances of reaching reproductive age and passing down their genes. Individuals without these traits died sooner hence their genes reduced with every generation.
All protozoa are also pathogens. True False
Answer: The answer is FALSE
Steroids are classes of lipids that include cholesterol, sex hormones, and cortisone. Steroids are not hydrocarbon chains like triglycerides, but instead contain four fused carbon rings. Although steroids can bond to fatty acids, steroid molecules do not contain a fatty acid chain, and the monomer of a steroid biomolecule is difficult to define. Which of these does NOT correctly pair a steroid and its function?
A) Cholesterol is an energy source.
B) Cholesterol decreases cell membrane fluidity.
C) Estrogen contributes to the development and maintenance of female secondary sex characteristics.
D) Cortisol can help control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, help reduce inflammation, and assist with memory formulation.
Please answer quickly and thank you
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Cholesterol is not an energy source in the body. It is used to make Vitamin D, and hormones such as cortisol, estrogen, and progesterone, and digestive fluids like bile.
Cholesterol increases membrane fluidity, especially at lower temperatures when the cell membrane would freeze. This is because the molecule intercalates between the fatty acid chains of the lipid layer of the cell membrane. This prevents the lipids from packing tightly together which would cause the membrane to be rigid. However, it does decrease membrane fluidity at high temperatures preventing the cell membrane from melting at temperature that is higher than its melting point.
Answer:
the answer is A.
Explanation:
this is the correct answer
You are researching the impact of chemical plants on ground water, and the first website you visit appears to be current, relevant, and accurate. Also, the author's credentials are strong and she is an expert in this field. Should you begin writing your research paper using this website? Question 1 options: A.No, because the information is out of dateB. Yes, because it meets all the criteria for a good resource C. No, because you need to look at other websites as well before beginning your paper, so you can cross-check this website Yes, because you only look at one website to do a research paper
Answer:
C. No, because you need to look at other websites as well before beginning your paper, so you can cross-check this website
Explanation:
When writing a research paper, it is best to collect as much literature or references first before you start writing. This will enable you to verify the details you find one one and see if it holds. Although the website may meet all the criteria, other opinions and researches of others can better support your study. The more data you have to work with, the better.
Argue that nature (including living things, ecosystems, species, etc) has intrinsic value.? If nature does have intrinsic value, how do we determine the values of individuals versus species, or the value of ecosystems versus individuals or species?
Answer:
The value of the different levels of organization can be determined by the scope or impact of a general level. It is more important to protect a species than an individual since the species encompasses a greater number of individuals and if the impact becomes extinct it is greater at the ecosystem level because ecological relationships would be affected.
On the other hand, it is more important to protect an ecosystem than a species because the macro is approached so that the levels of organization below it are naturally protected.
Which of the following is not a property of water?
Group of answer choices
A.ability to adhere to other substances
B.ability to moderate temperatures
C.ability to contract upon freezing
D.ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances
Answer: Ability to contract upon freezing
Explanation:
Water is a universal solvent. It has the ability to dissolve different types of solute in the water.
It has the property of adhesion and cohesion. Cohesion can be defined as the combining of two or more water molecules.
Adhesion can be defined as the ability of the water molecules to adhere different substances.
It can be used as an cooling agent in order to moderate the temperature when the temperature is very high.
The correct answer as to which is not a property of water would be the ability to contract upon freezing. The correct option would, therefore, be C.
Water has the ability to adhere to other substances, also known as adhesive property.Water has the ability to moderate temperatures due to its high heat capacity.Water has the ability to dissolve a wide variety of substances due to its polarity and the presence of hydrogen bonds in its structure.However, water expands, rather than contracts upon freezing and this is particularly due to the expansion of the hydrogen bonds.
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A capsule stain is described as a negative stain because the capsule itself __________. does not take up stain has a negative charge. stains with an acidic dye
Answer:
Does not take up the stain.
Explanation:
Negative staining refers to the process wherein the unstained specimen is visualized under the darkly stained background.
One of the examples is capsule staining wherein the capsulated cells are stained with India ink or nigrosin dyes. The particles of these dyes stain the background blue-black but cannot enter the capsule.
Hence, the light-colored capsulated cells are visualized in the midst of the blue-black background.
Amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, have the ability to act as buffers in the body. This means that proteins can maintain normal blood pH. By maintaining normal blood pH, the body's proteins are protected from being what?A) NeutralizedB) NaturalizedC) DeneutralizedD) Denatured
Answer:
The answer to your question is d) Denatured
Explanation:
A) Neutralized this is a chemical process to obtain a salt and water, it doesn't used for proteins. This option is incorrect.
B) Naturalized. Proteins must must naturalized to keep working, when a protein is naturalized it has all its functions. This is not the right option, this question ask us the oposite.
C) Deneutralized This definition is not used for proteins, this option is incorrect.
D) Denatured. Maintaining normal blood pH proteins are protected from being denatured, that means that the lost their function. This is the right answer.
Answer:
Proteins can not be neutralized...naturalized (amino acids are the naturation) and deneutralized. Correct answer is D. Denature can be ocurred if you have extremely changes at specific parameters, ionic force, temperature, solvent polarity and of course, pH.
Which statement(s) is(are) TRUE regarding the vessels of the vascular system and the lymphatic system. A) Lymphatics are usually packaged together in connective tissue sheaths with blood vessels and pulsating expansions of the nearby arteries also promote lymph flow. B) Mechanisms that promote venous return in blood vessels also act within lymphatic vessels. C)Vessels of the vascular system are relatively high-pressure conduits compared to vessels of the lymphatic system. D)None of the above. E)All of the above.
Answer: B) Mechanisms that promote venous return in blood vessels also act within lymphatic vessels.
Explanation:
- One of the functions of the lymphatic system is to reabsorb fluid that leaks out of the vascular network into the interstitium and to return it to the general circulation. The lymphatic system is markedly different from the circulatory system in both function and structure. Lymphatic vessels are thin-walled with valves, and most resemble veins; when stretched, the vessels contract and propel lymph along the vessel. The lymphatic vessels begin blindly, deep in the body's connective tissue. Lymphatic capillaries possess one-way valves. These valves permit the uptake of fluid from the body but do not allow the fluid to flow back out of the capillaries into the intracellular spaces. It allows for leakage from the vascular system to be reabsorbed into the body's circulation system.
True statements regarding the vascular and lymphatic systems are B) that mechanisms that assist venous return also aid lymph movement, and C) that vascular system vessels have higher pressure than the lymphatic vessels.
Explanation:Regarding the vessels of the vascular and lymphatic system, the following statements are TRUE:
B) Mechanisms that promote venous return in blood vessels also act within lymphatic vessels. This includes the contraction of skeletal muscles and the presence of one-way valves to assist the flow of lymph.C) Vessels of the vascular system are relatively high-pressure conduits compared to vessels of the lymphatic system, which are not pressurized by the heart and rely on body movements for lymph flow.While statement A regarding lymphatics being packaged together in connective tissue sheaths with blood vessels is true, the part about pulsating expansions of nearby arteries promoting lymph flow is not accurate. Thus, statement E (All of the above) is not correct as not all included statements are true.
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A fungal spore germinates, giving rise to a mycelium that grows outward into the soil surrounding the site where the spore originally landed. Which of the following accounts for the fungal movement, as described here?
Answer:
Is a reproductive mycelium
Explanation:
There are two kind of myceliums in a fungi. The structural one, is the responsible to search nutrients and form the structures to continue obtaining nutrients from the soil.
The other kind of mycellium, the reproductive, is the one that surrounds the spores, and when the nutrients gone in a place, the spores can travel far away to search a new place to grow and reproduce.
Ecosystem services ________. contribute to keeping ecosystems productive are actions humans must take in order to protect and serve the environment are economically valuable services provided by natural systems are valuable to natural systems but not to human-created systems are required to rebalance natural systems that we have disturbed
Answer: are economically valuable services provided by natural systems
Explanation: In simple words, ecosystem services refers to the services that the humans receives from the ecosystem they live in. These are the resources provided by the nature that have economic values.
Examples of such resources could be food and fiber, fresh water etc.
In other words, ecosystem means the direct or indirect contribution made by the nature for the survival of humans.
Ecosystem services are economically valuable services provided by natural systems. Option 3 is correct.
Ecosystem services refer to the benefits that humans receive from ecosystems, such as food, fiber, clean water, pest and disease control, medicines, recreational activities, and natural hazards like floods.
The ecosystem services provided by forests and grasslands go beyond food, fuel, and fiber. Forests clean air, filter water, reduce floods and erosion, support biodiversity, and conserve genetic resources. They also provide recreational, educational, and cultural opportunities.
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The chemical basis of blood group specificity resides in the carbohydrates displayed on the surface of red blood cells. Carbohydrates have the potential for great structural diversity. Indeed, the structural complexity of the oligosaccharides that can be formed from four sugars is greater than that for the oligopeptides from four amino acids. What properties of carbohydrates make this great structural diversity possible?
The structural diversity of carbohydrates enabling blood group specificity is due to the varied structures that oligosaccharides can form, including linear and branched forms, the presence of isomeric forms of monosaccharides, and different glycosidic linkages. These factors contribute to the complexity and vast potential for variation in carbohydrate structures on red blood cells, thereby determining blood type compatibility.
Explanation:The great structural diversity of carbohydrates, which underpins the specificity of blood groups, is attributed to several key properties of carbohydrates. First, the structure of oligosaccharides attached to red blood cells plays a crucial role in determining blood type and compatibility.
Unlike peptides, carbohydrates can form linear and branched structures, significantly increasing the complexity and diversity from even a small number of monosaccharides. Second, the monosaccharide units themselves come in various isomeric forms, which allows for even more variation. Moreover, the types of bonds (such as glycosidic linkages) between these sugar units further contribute to the complexity and functionality of the oligosaccharides on red blood cells.
This remarkable diversity enables the immune system to recognize and distinguish between self and non-self cells, preventing the agglutination that can occur when incompatible blood types are mixed.
The bone that is attached to the eardrum is called the ________; the bone that is connected to the oval window is called the ________. hammer (malleus); stirrup (stapes) anvil (incus); stirrup (stapes) hammer (malleus); anvil (incus) stirrup (stapes); hammer (malleus)
Answer:
hammer (malleus); stirrup (stapes)
Explanation:
Middle ear lies between eardrum and oval window. It transmits sound from outer to inner ear. It has three bones: hammer (malleus), anvil (incus) and stirrup (stapes).
Eardrum vibrates due to sound waves. This vibration is transmitted further via the three bones of middle ear. They are arranged as hammer, anvil and stirrup starting from eardrum till oval window. Hence, hammer is the bone which is in direct contact with eardrum and stirrup is the bone directly connected to oval window. Oval window is a membrane that covers the entrance to cochlea in inner ear.
"A dominant gene b+ is responsible for the wild-type body color of Drosophila; its recessive allele b produces black body color. A testcross of a heterozygous b+/b female by a black b/b male gave 52 black and 58 wild-type progeny. If a black female from these progeny were crossed with a wild-type brother, what phenotypic ratios would be expected in their offspring?"
Answer:
50% wild type and 50% black i.e. 1:1 phenotypic ratio
Explanation:
Given, b+ = wild type allele
b = recessive allele
b+b+ = dominant wild type
b+b = heterozygous wild type
bb = recessive black
First cross: female b+b (wild type) X male bb (black) = bb, bb, b+b, b+b
Since bb and b+b are in 1:1 phenotypic ratio, 52 black and 58 wild type progeny are produced.
From this progeny second cross occurs between:
female bb (black) X male (wild type) b+b = bb, bb, b+b, b+b
Again the same 1:1 phenotypic ratio is obtained. Half of the progeny will be be black (bb), other half will be wild type (b+b).
A scientist working in the freil wants to determine the approximate pH of swamp water using a simple and inexpensive technique. Which tool should the scientist use to measure an approximate pH
Answer:
Ph paper
Explanation: