Answers
1. SbF3
You have there the Lewis Dot structure of SbF3. Look at the central atom. It has 3 bonds and one lone pair. A lone pair is a pair of electrons that did not bond with other electrons of other groups. You can see the lone pair of SbF3, which is represented by the pair of dots on top of Sb.
If there are three bonds and 1 lone pair, electron geometry of SbF3 is Tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is Trigonal pyramidal.
2. AlCl3
In this molecule, we have Al or aluminum as your central atom. Look around it, do you see pairs of dots around it? No. There are no lone pairs. Instead what you see are 3 lines, those are the bonds or bonding pairs. So you can say that AlCl3 has no lone pairs and 3 bonding pairs.
If there three bonds and 0 lone pairs, the electron-pair geometry of this molecule is Trigonal Planar and the molecular geometry of this is Trigonal Planar as well.
The electron pair geometry around the Sb atom in SbF3 is trigonal pyramidal.
Explanation:The electron pair geometry around the Sb (antimony) atom in SbF3 is trigonal pyramidal. This means that there are three bonding pairs of electrons and one lone pair of electrons around the central atom. The molecular structure of SbF3 is also trigonal pyramidal, which means that the lone pair of electrons forms the apex of the pyramid.
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Related Questions
Scientists often investigate alternative explanations for the data and observations presented, even once a hypothesis has been tested and supported through an experiment. This investigation of alternative explanations ...
Answers
This is your answer
Answer:
Strengthens the evidence and support for a scientific theory.
Explanation:
Hello,
Scientific method provides a compelling tool scientists use to both develop and demonstrate new theories. As it involves both the observation and experimentation towards a specific subject of matter, it turns out convenient to consider alternative explanations substantiating such subject of matter in light of obtaining a more precise explanation for it. In such a way, this investigation of alternative explanations strengthens the evidence and support for a scientific theory.
Best regards.
Which is more stable hydroxyl isopropyl or benzhydrol radical?
Answers
The benzhydrol radical is more stable than the hydroxyl isopropyl radical because it can delocalize its unpaired electron through resonance across the aromatic ring, while the hydroxyl isopropyl radical lacks such extensive resonance stabilization.
When considering the stability of hydroxyl isopropyl and benzhydrol radicals, it's important to look at resonance stabilization. Radicals that can delocalize their unpaired electron through resonance are generally more stable. In the case of a benzhydrol radical, also known as a benzylic radical, there is significant stabilization due to the possibility of multiple resonance structures. This is because the unpaired electron in the benzhydrol radical can be delocalized through the aromatic ring's system of conjugated pi bonds.
On the other hand, the hydroxyl isopropyl radical, which is an alkyl radical, lacks the extended conjugated system that allows for such delocalization. While it may have some hyperconjugative stabilization, it does not benefit from the extensive resonance stabilization that the benzhydrol radical enjoys. As such, the benzhydrol radical is more stable than the hydroxyl isopropyl radical due to the resonance effects and the subsequent delocalization of the unpaired electron across the aromatic ring.
What does R stand for in ideal gas law?
Answers
This would be known as the gas constant, which play's a huge role in this case. The letter "r" referres to the term Regnault.
This word/term would be a statement in physics and the noting of the pressure of the heat of any source.
Hope this helps you!
In the Ideal Gas law, the letter R represents the universal gas constant. Its value depends on the units being used for pressure, volume, moles, and temperature. The ideal gas law equation is PV=nRT.
Explanation:In the Ideal Gas law, the letter R stands for the universal gas constant. This constant is derived from the Ideal Gas Equation: R = 0.08206 L atm mol-¹ K-¹ or 8.314 L kPa mol-¹ K-¹. The ideal gas law itself is represented as PV = nRT, where P represents pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, T is temperature in Kelvin, and R is the universal gas constant.
The value of R, 0.08206 L atm mol-¹ K-¹ or 8.314 J/mol · K, depends on the units being used. For instance, when using SI units, R would be 8.31 J/mol · K.
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Identify the spectator ions for the reaction that occurs when aqueous solutions of lithium sulfide and copper(ii) nitrate are mixed.
a.cu2+ and no3-
b.li+ and cu2+
c.li+ and no3-
d.s2- and cu2+
e.no spectator ions are present.
Answers
Firstly, we have to show molecular equation (all compounds are showed as neutral molecules) for the reaction:
Li₂S(aq) + Cu(NO₃)₂(aq) ⇒ CuS(s) + 2LiNO₃(aq)
Then, the reaction has to be written as an ionic equation:
2Li⁺(aq) + S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq) → CuS(s) + 2Li⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq)
Soluble ionic compounds Li₂S and Cu(NO₃)₂ are shown as dissociated ions. As you can see on both side of the equation we have Li⁺ and NO₃⁻ ions. They do not participate in the reaction, and they are called spectator ions. All the above is an ionic equation.
Finally, when we cancel out spectator ions, it remains just ions and molecules involved in the reaction and we get the net ionic equation:
S²⁻(aq) + Cu²⁺(aq) → CuS(s)
The spectator ions for the reaction between lithium sulfide and copper nitrate are [tex]\boxed{{\text{c}}{\text{. L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }{\text{ and NO}}_3^ - }[/tex].
Further Explanation:
Spectator ions:
These are the ions that exist in the same form on both sides of the reaction. These ions do not affect the equilibrium of any reaction.
The three types of equations that are used to represent the chemical reaction are as follows:
1. Molecular equation
2. Total ionic equation
3. Net ionic equation
The reactants and products remain in undissociated form in the molecular equation. In the case of the total ionic equation, all the ions that are dissociated and present in the reaction mixture are represented while in the case of the overall or net ionic equation only the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.
The steps to write the net ionic reaction are as follows:
Step 1: Write the molecular equation for the reaction with the phases in the bracket.
In the reaction, [tex]{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}_2}{\text{S}}[/tex] reacts with [tex]{\text{Cu}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_2}[/tex] to form CuS and [tex]{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}[/tex]. The balanced molecular equation of the reaction is as follows:
[tex]{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{S}}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{Cu}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{CuS}}\left( s \right) + 2{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]
Step 2: Dissociate all the compounds with the aqueous phase to write the total ionic equation. The compounds with solid and liquid phases remain the same. The total ionic equation is as follows:
[tex]2{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }\left( {aq} \right) + {{\text{S}}^{2-}}\left({aq}\right)+{\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2+}}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{\text{NO}}_3^-\left({aq}\right)\to {\text{CuS}}\left(s\right)+2{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^+}\left({aq}\right)+2{\text{NO}}_3^-\left( {aq}\right)[/tex]
Step 3: The common or spectator ions on both sides of the reaction get cancelled out to get the net ionic equation.
[tex]\boxed{2{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }\left( {aq} \right)} + {{\text{S}}^{2 - }}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) + \boxed{2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)} \to {\text{CuS}}\left( s \right) + \boxed{2{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }\left( {aq} \right)} + \boxed{2{\text{NO}}_3^ - \left( {aq} \right)}[/tex]
[tex]{\text{L}}{{\text{i}}^ + }[/tex] and [tex]{\text{NO}}_3^ -[/tex] ions are present in the same form on both the reactant and the product side and therefore are known as spectator ions.
Therefore, the net ionic equation is as follows:
[tex]{{\text{S}}^{2 - }}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{C}}{{\text{u}}^{2 + }}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{CuS}}\left( s \right)[/tex]
Learn more:
1. Balanced chemical equation: https://brainly.com/question/1405182
2. Oxidation and reduction reaction: https://brainly.com/question/2973661
Answer details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Chemical reaction and equation
Keywords: net ionic equation, spectator ions, CuS, Cu2+, Li+, NO3-, S2-, 2 Li+, 2 NO3-.
Draw the acetal produced when ethanol adds to ethanal.
Answers
Acetal is produced when one molecule of aldehyde (in this reaction ethanal) and two molecules of alcohols (in this reaction ethanol) react. Hemiacetal is produced when one molecule of aldehyde and one molecule of alcohol react. Acetals are stable compared to hemiacetals.
Explanation:
Acetals are geminal diethers derivatives of aldehyde formed by the addition to equivalent molecules of an alcohol and removal of water.
When ethanol is added to the ethanal in acidic medium:
Ethanal + Ethanol → Hemiacetal
Hemiacetal + Ethanol → Acetal
Acetal produced when ethanol is added to ethanal are given in the image attached.
Consider the reaction a + b c +
d. at biochemical equilibrium (25°c, ph of 7), the concentration of a is 0.2 m, the concentration of b is 0.2 m, the concentration of c is 0.8 m, and the concentration of d is 0.8 m. calculate δg and δg° ′ under these conditions.
Answers
now we need to get Δ G°, we can get it from this formula:
ΔG° = - RT㏑K(eq)
when we have R = 8.315 J/mol°K and T in Kelvin = 25+273 = 298
so we need to get the K(eq) from this formula:
K(eq) = concentration of products / concentration of reactants
= [ C] [ D] / [A] [B]
= (0.8*0.8) / (0.2*0.2) = 16
by substitution in ΔG° formula:
∴ ΔG° = - 8.315 * 298 *㏑(16) = -6870 Jmol^-1 /1000 = - 6.87 KJ mol^-1
What products are formed from monochlorination of (2r)−2−bromobutane at c1 and c4? draw the products using skeletal structures?
Answers
From monochlorination of (2R)−2−bromobutane at C4 is formed (2R)-3-bromo-1-chlorobutane.
According to Cahn-Ingold-Prelog rules, the priority of halogen substituents decreases in the following sequence:
-I > -Br > -Cl > -F
According to the rule, chlorine has priority over bromine, so the configuration changes at C1 substitution.
Which of the following could be classified as matter? Check all of the boxes that apply. desk water idea cloud helium dream
Answers
Examples of matter include;
DeskWaterCloudHeliumFurther ExplanationMatter Matter is anything that has weight and occupies space. Matter exists in three states, liquid, gases, and solids.For example, from the examples above; helium is matter in a gaseous state, water in liquid state and desk in solid-state.Matter is made up of small particles that are in continuous random movement.Particles A particle refers to a single atom or a group of atoms that are bonded together and functions as a single unit. Therefore, matter is made up of particles that can either be single atoms or chemically bonded atoms to make a molecule. Hence, a molecule is also a particle of matter.An atom An atom is the smallest particle of an element that can take part in a chemical reaction.Atoms are made up of sub-atomic particles which include; protons, neutrons, and electrons. When two or more atoms are bonded together they form a molecule.Molecule A molecule is the smallest particle of an element or a compound that has similar properties of that particular compound or element.Molecules could be made up of atoms that are similar such as oxygen molecules or atoms that different from different elements, such as water molecules.The bonding of atoms to form molecules occurs as a result of the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms.Keywords: Matter, states of matter, particles, atoms, molecules, elements, compounds
Learn more about: Matter: https://brainly.com/question/1511197States of matter: https://brainly.com/question/1511197Particles of matter: https://brainly.com/question/1511197Atom, molecules, and compounds: https://brainly.com/question/1511197Level: High school
Subject: Chemistry
Topic: Matter and particles of matter
Sub-topic: Classification of matter
In an experiment, you combine 83.77 g of iron with an excess of sulfur and then heat the mixture to obtain iron(III) sulfide. 2Fe(s) + 3S(s) → Fe2S3(s) What is the theoretical yield, in grams, of iron(III) sulfide?
Answers
Fe = 55.845 g/mol
S = 32.065 g/mol
Fe2S3 = 207.9 g/mol
Next, convert Fe mas to moles.
83.77 g / 55.845 g/mol = 1.5 mol Fe
Us the stoichiometry (mole ratio) to get to moles product.
2 Fe reactants makes 1 Fe2S3 product
1.5 mol Fe * (1 Fe2S3 / 2 Fe) = 0.75 mol Fe2S3
Now multiply buy the Fe2S3 molar mass to get its weight in grams.
0.75 mol Fe2S3 * 207.9 g/mol = 155.925 g
This is the amount you should theoretically obtain using that much iron.
The theoretical yield of iron (II) sulfide would be 155.92 g
Theoretical yieldIt is the total stoichiometric product from a reaction.
From the equation of the reaction:
2Fe(s) + 3S(s) → Fe2S3(s)
The mole ratio of Fe to Fe2S3 is 2:1
Mole of 83.77 g Fe = 83.77/55.85
= 1.4999 moles
Equivalent mole of Fe2S3 = 1.4999/2
= 0.75 moles
Mass of 0.75 mole Fe2S3 = 0.75 x 207.9
= 155.92 g
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H2+I2= 2HI+3 kcal Based on the reaction given above, as the temperature decreases, the formation of the reactants will: A. decrease B. increase C. remained consistent D. indeterminate
Answers
Decrease
Explanation:
The reaction given is an exothermic reaction. This means that the heat is a product.
At equilibrium, the rate of forward reaction is equal to the rate of backward reaction.
Now, decreasing the temperature means that the concentration of the products will decrease.
As a result, the equilibrium will shift to the right leading to the formation of more products in order to reach equilibrium again.
This means that the formation of the reactants will decrease.
Hope this helps :)
the answer is A: decrease
A mysterious white powder could be powdered sugar (C12H22O11), cocaine (C17H21NO4), codeine (C18H21NO3), norfenefrine (C8H11NO2), or fructose (C6H12O6). When 82 mg of the powder is dissolved in 1.50 mL of ethanol (d = 0.789 g/cm3, normal freezing point −114.6 ∘C, Kf = 1.99 ∘C/m), the freezing point is lowered to −115.5 ∘C. What is the identity of the white powder?
Answers
Norfenefrine (C₈H₁₁NO₂).
Further explanationWe will solve a case related to one of the colligative properties, namely freezing point depression.
The freezing point of the solution is the temperature at which the solution begins to freeze. The difference between the freezing point of the solvent and the freezing point of the solution is called freezing point depression.
[tex]\boxed{ \ \Delta T_f = T_f(solvent) - T_f(solution) \ } \rightarrow \boxed{ \ \Delta T_f = K_f \times molality \ }[/tex]
Given:
A mysterious white powder could be,
powdered sugar (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) with a molar mass of 342.30 g/moles, cocaine (C₁₇H₂₁NO₄) with a molar mass of 303.35 g/moles, codeine (C₁₈H₂₁NO₃) with a molar mass of 299.36 g/moles, norfenefrine (C₈H₁₁NO₂) with a molar mass of 153.18 g/moles, or fructose (C₆H₁₂O₆) with a molar mass of 180.16 g/moles.When 82 mg of the powder is dissolved in 1.50 mL of ethanol (density = 0.789 g/cm³, normal freezing point −114.6°C, Kf = 1.99°C/m), the freezing point is lowered to −115.5°C.
Question: What is the identity of the white powder?
The Process:
Let us identify the solute, the solvent, initial, and final temperatures.
The solute = the powderThe solvent = ethanolThe freezing point of the solvent = −114.6°CThe freezing point of the solution = −115.5°CPrepare masses of solutes and solvents.
Mass of solute = 82 mg = 0.082 gMass of solvent = density x volume, i.e., [tex]\boxed{ \ 0.789 \ \frac{g}{cm^3} \times 1.50 \ cm^3 = 1.1835 \ g = 0.00118 \ kg \ }[/tex]We must prepare the solvent mass unit in kg because the unit of molality is the mole of the solute divided by the mass of the solvent in kg.
The molality formula is as follows:
[tex]\boxed{ \ m = \frac{moles \ of \ solute}{kg \ of \ solvent} \ } \rightarrow \boxed{ \ m = \frac{mass \ of \ solute \ (g)}{molar \ mass \ of \ solute \times kg \ of \ solvent} \ }[/tex]
Now we combine it with the formula of freezing point depression.
[tex]\boxed{ \ \Delta T_f = K_f \times \frac{mass \ of \ solute \ (g)}{molar \ mass \ of \ solute \times kg \ of \ solvent} \ }[/tex]
It is clear that we will determine the molar mass of the solute (denoted by Mr).
We enter all data into the formula.
[tex]\boxed{ \ -114.6^0C - (-115.5^0C) = 1.99 \frac{^0C}{m} \times \frac{0.082 \ g}{Mr \times 0.00118 \ kg} \ }[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{ \ 0.9 = \frac{1.99 \times 0.082}{Mr \times 0.00118} \ }[/tex]
[tex]\boxed{ \ Mr = \frac{0.16318}{0.9 \times 0.00118} \ }[/tex]
We get [tex]\boxed{ \ Mr = 153.65 \ }[/tex]
These results are very close to the molar mass of norfenefrine which is 153.18 g/mol. Thus the white powder is norfenefrine.
Learn moreThe molality and mole fraction of water https://brainly.com/question/10861444 About the mass and density of ethylene glycol as an antifreeze https://brainly.com/question/4053884 About the solution as a homogeneous mixture https://brainly.com/question/637791Keywords: a mysterious white powder, sugar, cocaine, codeine, norfenefrine, fructose, the solute, the solvent, dissolved, ethanol, normal freezing point, the freezing point depression, the identity
The identity of the white powder is [tex]\boxed{\text{norfenefrine}(\text{C}_{8}\text{H}_{11}\text{NO}_{2})}[/tex] .
Further Explanation:
Colligative properties
These are the properties that depend on the number of solute particles and not on their mass or identities. Following are the four colligative properties:
1. Relative lowering of vapor pressure
2. Elevation in boiling point
3. Depression in freezing point
4. Osmotic pressure
The temperature where a substance in its liquid form is converted into the solid state is known as freezing point. Freezing point depression is a colligative property because it depends on the number of moles of solute particles.
The expression for the freezing point depression is as follows:
[tex]\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{K}_\text{f}\,\text{m}[/tex] …… (1)
Here,
[tex]\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}[/tex] is the depression in freezing point.
[tex]\text{K}_\text{f}[/tex] is the cryoscopic constant.
m is the molality of the solution.
The formula to calculate the density of substance is as follows:
[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\dfrac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex] …… (2)
Rearrange equation (2) for the mass of substance.
[tex]\text{Mass of substance}=(\text{Density of substance })(\text{Volume of substance})[/tex] …… (3)
The volume of the substance is to be converted into . The conversion factor for this is,
[tex]1\,\text{ml}=1\,\text{cm}^3[/tex]
Therefore the volume of the substance can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Volume}&=(1.50\,\text{mL})\left(\frac{1\,\text{cm}^3}{1\,\text{mL}}\right)\\&=1.50\,\text{cm}^3\end{aligned}[/tex]
Substitute [tex]1.50\,\text{cm}^3[/tex] for the volume of substance and [tex]0.789\,\text{g/gm}^3[/tex] for the density of the substance in equation (3) to calculate the mass of solvent.
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Mass of solvent}&=\left(\dfrac{0.789\,\text{g}}{1\,\text{cm}^3}\right)(1.50\,\text{cm}^3)\\&=1.1835\,\text{g}\end{aligned}[/tex]
This mass is to be converted into kg. The conversion factor for this is,
[tex]1\,\text{g}=10^{-3}\,\text{kg}[/tex]
Therefore the mass of solvent can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Mass of solvent}&=(1.1835\,\text{g})\left(\dfrac{10^{-3}\,\text{kg}}{1\,\text{g}}\right)\\&=0.0011835\,\text{kg}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The mass of solute is to be converted into g. The conversion factor for this is,
[tex]1\,\text{mg}=10^{-3}\,\text{g}[/tex]
Therefore the mass of solute can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Mass of solute}&=(82\,\text{mg})\left(\dfrac{10^{-3}\,\text{g}}{1\,\text{g}}\right)\\&=0.082\,\text{g}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The freezing point depression can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}&=-114.6\,^\circ\text{C}-(-115.5\,^\circ\text{C})\\&=0.9\,\circ\text{C}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The formula to calculate the molality of solution is as follows:
[tex]\text{Molality of solution}=\dfrac{\text{Amount (mol) of solute}}{\text{Mass (kg) of solvent}}[/tex] …… (4)
The formula to calculate the amount of solute is as follows:
[tex]\text{Amount of solute}=\dfrac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Molar mass of solute}}[/tex] …… (5)
Incorporating equation (5) into equation (4),
[tex]\text{Molality of solution}=\dfrac{\text{Mass of solute}}{(\text{Mass of solvent})(\text{Molar mass of solute})}[/tex] …… (6)
Incorporating equation (6) into equation (1),
[tex]\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}=\text{k}_\text{f}\left(\dfrac{\text{Mass of solute}}{(\text{Mass of solvent})(\text{Molar mass of solute})}\right)[/tex] …… (7)
Rearrange equation (7) to calculate the molar mass of solute.
[tex]\text{Molar mass of solute}=\dfrac{\text{k}_\text{f}}{\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}}\left(\dfrac{\text{Mass of solute}}{\text{Mass of solvent}}\right)[/tex] …… (8)
Substitute [tex]1.99\,^\circ\text{C/m}[/tex] for [tex]\text{k}_\text{f}[/tex], [tex]0.9\,^\circ\text{C}[/tex] for [tex]\Delta\text{T}_\text{f}[/tex], 0.082 g for the mass of solute and 0.0011835 kg for the mass of solvent in equation (8).
[tex]\begin{aligned}\text{Molar mass of solute}&=\left(\dfrac{1.99}{0.9}\right)\left(\dfrac{0.082}{0.0011835}\right)\\&=153.199\,\text{g/mol}\\&=\approx153.2\,\text{g/mol}\end{aligned}[/tex]
The molar mass of powdered sugar is 342.3 g/mol.
The molar mass of cocaine is 303.4 g/mol.
The molar mass of codeine is 299.4 g/mol.
The molar mass of norfenefrine is 153.2 g/mol.
The molar mass of fructose is 180.2 g/mol.
The calculated molar mass of solute is similar to that of norfenefrine. So the identity of the white powder is norfenefrine.
Learn more:
What is the concentration of alcohol in terms of molarity? https://brainly.com/question/9013318 What is the molarity of the stock solution? https://brainly.com/question/2814870Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Chapter: Solutions
Subject: Chemistry
Keywords: colligative properties, depression in freezing point, cryoscopic constant, freezing point, 153.199 g/mol, norfenefrine.
Which of the following is a part of a land based carbon cycle ?coral reefs
Crab shells
Trees
Whales
Answers
Corals extract dissolved carbon dioxide from the ocean to secrete their hard rocky structures.
Crab shells and other marine animals with shells have their bodies incorporated into the seafloor when they die. The sea floor eventually gets subducted where it melts. The carbon present here gets back into the atmosphere via volcanic eruptions.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
Experimental data have shown that the rate law for the reaction 2 hgcl2(aq) + c2o4 2 -(aq) → 2 cl-(aq) + 2 co2 (g) + hg2cl2 (s) is: rate = k[hgcl2][c2o4 2 -]2 how will the rate of reaction change if the concentration of c2o4 2 - is tripled and the concentration of hgcl2 is doubled?
Answers
Answer:
The rate will be doubled by a Factor of 18
Explanation:
Good luck to everyone doing this!! you got this
The rate of the reaction will increase by a factor of 18 if the concentration of C2O42- is tripled and the concentration of HgCl2 is doubled.
Explanation:The question asks how the rate of the reaction 2 HgCl2(aq) + C2O42-(aq) → 2 Cl-(aq) + 2 CO2 (g) + Hg2Cl2 (s) will change if the concentration of C2O42- is tripled and the concentration of HgCl2 is doubled. Given the rate law rate = k[HgCl2][C2O42-]2, we can predict the effect on the rate. If the rate law is followed, tripling [C2O42-] will increase the rate by a factor of 32 or 9 because the concentration of C2O42- is squared in the rate law. Doubling [HgCl2] will double the rate of reaction. Therefore, tripling [C2O42-] and doubling [HgCl2] together will increase the reaction rate by a factor of 2 * 9 = 18.
Seafloor spreading provides evidence of which of the following Earth processes?
A.erosion of coastlines
B.weathering of mountains
C.movement of crustal plates
D.formation of sedimentary rocks
Answers
Seafloor spreading provides evidence for D. formation of sedimentary rocks.
Seafloor spreading occurs when there's volcanic activity that leads to the formation of a new oceanic crust. Sedimentary rocks refer to the rocks that are formed when there's an accumulation of organic particles or minerals on the surface of the Earth.It should be noted that sedimentary rocks are deposited in layers that are referred to as strata. Examples of sedimentary rocks include limestones, iron ore, chert, etc.In conclusion, when seafloor spreading occurs, there are sediments that overtime accumulates and forms sedimentary rock.
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using the equation 2H2+O2-->2H2O if 19g of oxygen reacts completely, how many grams of hydrogen must react with it
Answers
For this reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
If 19 g of oxygen reacts completely, you'll need 2,39 g of H₂
To calculate that, you need to use the following conversion factor, applying molar equivalences, reaction coefficients, and molar masses, to go from grams of Oxygen to grams of Hydrogen:
[tex] H_{2} Mass=19g O_{2}* \frac{1 mol O_{2}}{31,9988gO_{2}}* \frac{2 mol H_{2}}{1 mol O_{2}}* \frac{2,01588 gH_{2}}{1 mol H_{2}} =2,39gH_{2} [/tex]
Answer: 2.4 grams
Explanation:
To calculate the moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
For [tex]O_2[/tex]
Given mass = 19 g
Molar mass of [tex]O_2[/tex] = 32 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of}O_2=\frac{19}{32}=0.60moles[/tex]
[tex]2H_2+O_2\rightarrow 2H_2O[/tex]
1 mole of [tex]O_2[/tex] reacts with 2 moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]
0.60 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] wil react with =[tex]\frac{2}{1}\times 0.60=1.20[/tex] moles of [tex]H_2[/tex]
mass of [tex]H_2=moles\times {\text {molar mass}}=1.20moles\times 2g/mol=2.4g[/tex]
Thus 2.4 grams of hydrogen will react completely with 19 g of oxygen.
For a particular first-order reaction, it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to 25% of its initial value. what is the value for rate constant (in s-1) for the reaction?
Answers
For a first-order reaction, the rate constant can be determined using the concentration of the reactant at a given time. In this case, the rate constant is 0.25 s^-1.
Explanation:A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. The rate law expression for a first-order reaction is given by rate = k[A], where [A] is the concentration of the reactant and k is the rate constant.
In this case, the concentration of the reactant decreases to 25% of its initial value in 3.0 minutes. We can use this information to determine the rate constant (k).
25% of the initial concentration corresponds to 0.25 times the initial concentration, so the concentration at that time is 0.25[A]. We can substitute this value into the rate law expression and solve for k:
0.25[A] = k[A]
0.25 = k
Therefore, the value for the rate constant (k) for the reaction is 0.25 s-1.
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To find the rate constant (k) for a first-order reaction, we can use the half-life formula. The given information states that it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to 25% of its initial value. By substituting these values into the equation, we can find the rate constant.
Explanation:To determine the rate constant (k) for the first-order reaction, we can use the formula for the half-life of a first-order reaction. The half-life is the amount of time it takes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to half of its initial value. In this case, it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration to decrease to 25% of its initial value, which is equivalent to one half-life.
The formula for the first-order half-life is: t1/2 = ln(2)/k
Since the concentration decreases to 25% of its initial value after one half-life, we can use this information to solve for k:
25% = (1/2) * 100% = e-kt1/2
ln(1/2) = -k * t1/2
k = -ln(1/2) / t1/2
Substituting the given values, we have:
k = -ln(1/2) / 3.0 minutes
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Water is a polar molecule, meaning it carries partial charges (δ or δ–) on opposite sides of the molecule. for two formula units of kbr, drag two potassium ions and two bromide ions to where they would most likely appear based on the grouping of the water molecules in the area provided.
Answers
The side of each water molecule with the hydrogen atoms uncovered will be marginally positive.
So the two Cl{-} particles will be pulled in to the biggest number of positive charges, which happen in the boxes on the upper right and lower left.
The two Na{+} particles will be pulled in to the biggest number of negative charges, which happen in the boxes on the upper left and lower right.
[tex]{{\mathbf{K}}^{\mathbf{+}}}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{\mathbf{O}}{{\mathbf{H}}^{\mathbf{-}}}[/tex] while [tex]{\mathbf{B}}{{\mathbf{r}}^{\mathbf{-}}}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{{\mathbf{H}}^{\mathbf{+}}}[/tex]. (Refer to the attached image)
Further explanation:
Electronegativity:
It is defined as the tendency of an atom to attract the shared electrons in the bond towards itself is known as electronegativity. The more electronegative atom will more attract the bonding electrons towards itself than the less electronegative one. Therefore the electrons will spend more time with the more electronegative atom than an electropositive atom. The electronegative atom will acquire the partial negative charge, and the electropositive atom will acquire a partial positive charge.
The polarity of the bond can be estimated by the electronegativity difference [tex]\left({\Delta {\text{EN}}}\right)[/tex]. [tex]\Delta{\text{EN}}[/tex]is the electronegativity difference between the two atoms that are bonded to each other. The formula to calculate [tex]\Delta{\text{EN}}[/tex]in XY bond is as follows:
[tex]{\mathbf{\Delta EN=}}\left({{\mathbf{electronegativity of Y}}} \right){\mathbf{-}}\left({{\mathbf{electronegativity of X}}}\right)[/tex]
Here, X is the electropositive atom and Y is the electronegative atom.
Higher the electronegativity difference between the two atoms, more will be the polarity of the bond and vice-versa.
Water is a polar molecule. Hydrogen atom acquires partial positive charge while oxygen atom is partially negatively charged. So the end of the water molecule with hydrogen is positively charged, and that with oxygen is negatively charged.
In the case of a potassium-bromine bond, bromine is more electronegative than potassium. So the electrons will be more attracted towards bromine due to which it develops a partial negative charge. Potassium, being less electronegative than bromine, in turn, acquires a partial positive charge. This separation of charge results in the formation of a polar bond between potassium and bromine.
So [tex]{{\text{K}}^+}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{\text{O}}{{\text{H}}^-}[/tex] while [tex]{\text{B}}{{\text{r}}^-}[/tex] will be dragged towards the side of [tex]{{\text{H}}^+}[/tex].
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Covalent bonding and molecular structure
Keywords: electronegativity difference, electropositive, electronegative, electrons, polar, KBr, K, Br, K+, Br-, H+, OH-, potassium, bromine, hydrogen, oxygen.
Match the each term with its definition. 1) reaction coordinate a) the higher point on the energy curve 2) δg° b) the plot of the reaction progress as a function of time 3) δg‡ c) the free energy of the reaction
Answers
1) reaction coordinate will match with
B)the plot of the reaction progress as a function of time.
as the reaction coordinate is the progress of a reaction from the reactants to products with different transition states in between. The X-axis: which has the reaction progress reflects the progressive chemical changes and the formation of bond and the bond breakage as S (the energy associated with the reactant) is changing and converting to P ( the energy that associated with the product).Actually, it has no relation to time.Rather partially formation of bonds and breaking of bond reaction steps.
2)ΔG° will match with
c) the free energy of the reaction.
As it is simply defined as the Gibbs free energy and is also known as a free enthalpy, it is used to calculate the maximum of reversible work performed by the thermodynamic system when the temperature and the pressure are constant.
3)ΔG will match with
A) the higher point of the energy curve.
when ΔG = ΔGproduct - ΔGreactant
and It is simply defined as the change in free energy. It reflects nothing about the speed of the reaction. ΔG+ indicates that the reaction is endergonic and energy goes from reactants to products.and ΔG- become negative when the reaction goes to a lower energy state and it indicates then that the reaction is exergonic.
Approximately how many moles of boron make up 1.20 × 10^24 atoms of boron?
A. 7.22 × 10^47 moles
B. 6.02 × 10^23 moles
C. 5.00 moles
D. 1.99 moles
Answers
x mol = 1.2 * 10^24
x = 1.2 * 10^24/6.02 * 10^23
x = 1.993 mol.
Answer: D <<<<<======
H2o is the chemical formula for water. in order to produce a single molecule of water, how many hydrogen atoms are needed?
Answers
Chemical reaction: 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O. /÷2.
H₂ + 1/2O₂ → H₂O.
Beside two atoms of hydrogen, there is also one atom of oxygen in a single molecule of water (H₂O). Atoms of hydrogen and oxygen are connected by polar covalent bonds.
Final answer:
To produce a single molecule of water (H₂O), exactly two hydrogen atoms are required. This 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms is consistent no matter how many molecules of water are being made.
Explanation:
To produce a single molecule of water, which has the chemical formula H₂O, you need two hydrogen atoms. The subscript '2' in H₂ indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms for every oxygen atom in a water molecule. Therefore, for each molecule of water you create, you must have this 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen atoms.
For example, if you want to create two water molecules, you would need a total of 4 hydrogen atoms (2 molecules × 2 atoms/molecule). Similarly, to produce five water molecules, you would require 10 hydrogen atoms in all (5 molecules × 2 atoms/molecule). No matter the number of water molecules you are looking to produce, you will always need twice as many hydrogen atoms as you have water molecules because of this consistent ratio.
How many neutrons are found in Cr-54
Answers
=54-24
=30
So the answer is 30 neutrons
Answer:
30
Explanation:
To find out the neutron number of an element we must first know what the mass value of that element is and the value of the atom number of that element. To find out these values, just look for the element in the periodic table. Once discovered simply subtract the values using the formula:
No. of neutrons = mass - atom number.
In the case of Cr, the mass is 54, while the atom number is 24. So we can find the number of neutrons.
Cr Neutrons = 54-24 = 30
What is the smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of the element? a compound a mineral an atom an isotope
Answers
The basic building block of chemistry is known as the atom. The smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of the element is known as the atom. The correct option is C.
What is an atom?The atom can be considered as the basic building blocks of matter which possess the properties of the chemical element. An atom don't exist independently, instead they form ions and molecules which in turn combine in large numbers to form matter.
An atom is an indivisible particle and it contains the sub-atomic particles like protons, electrons and neutrons. The positively charged particles are called protons, the negatively charged particles are called electrons. The neutrons are chargeless particles.
All atoms of the same element are identical but different elements have different types of atoms. The chemical reactions occur when the atoms are rearranged.
Thus the correct option is C.
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If a propane heater burns 38.95 g C3H8, it consumes 38.95 mol C3H8. 0.8830 mol C3H8. 1 mol C3H8. 44.10 mol C3H8.
Answers
Here's how the answer was generated:
We do know that all the choices are in moles, in that case, we divide the 38.95 g of propane (C3H8) by the molar mass which is:
C = 12.01
H = 1.01
C3H8 = 3 * 12.01 + 8 * 1.01 = 44.11
Divide 38.95 g by 44.11 g/mol and the answer will be 0.8830 mol C3H8.
Answer:
Option-2 (0.8830 mol C₃H₈) is the correct answer.
Solution:
In statement we are given with the amount of propane gas and are asked to find out the moles for given mass.
As we know mass is related to moles as follow,
Moles = Mass / M.mass ----- (1)
Data Given:
Moles = ??
Mass = 38.95 g
M.mass = (C)3 + (H)8 = (12)3 + (1)8 = 36 + 8 = 44 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1,
Moles = 38.95 g / 44 g/mol
Moles = 0.8854 Moles
What is the mass of 1 mole of Pb?
Answers
Answer:
207.2 g
Explanation:
The mass of 1 mole of lead is given by its molar mass, which is 207.2 g/mol. This is an average molar mass, corresponding to the weighted average of the 4 lead isotopes, ²⁰⁴Pb, ²⁰⁶Pb, ²⁰⁷Pb, ²⁰⁸Pb, considering their abundance in nature. The mass of 1 mole of Pb is:
1 mol × (207.2 g/mol) = 207.2 g
Use the periodic table in the tools bar to complete the electron configurations for the following elements: Lithium (Li): 1sA2sB
Answers
Answer: Value of A is 2 and value of B is 1.
Explanation:
Lithium is the third element of the periodic table. It belongs to the Period 2 and Group 1 and is considered as an alkali metals.
To write the electronic configuration, we need to find the number of electrons this element contain, which is equal to the atomic number.
Number of electrons = Atomic number = 3
So, the electronic configuration will be: [tex]1s^22s^1[/tex]
The s-orbital in total can contain only 2 electrons.
Hence, the value of A is 2 and value of B is 1.
The periodic table showcases the table of the chemical elements listed in order of atomic number, usually in rows(period) from the left to the right, in such a way that elements with similar atomic structures as well as similar chemical properties can be located in vertical columns (groups).
Lithium is the third chemical element on the periodic table. It can be located on group 1 element also known as the alkali metals. It is soft in nature and has a whitish color.
The electronic configuration explains how electrons are distributed in their atomic orbitals.
The electronic configuration for Lithium can be expressed as:
Li: 1s² 2s¹
Therefore, from the given information, we can conclude that the value for the electronic configuration of A and B in the Lithium sample given is 2 and 1 respectively
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Many drugs decompose in blood by a first-order process. two tablets of aspirin supply 0.60 g of the active compound. after 30 min, this compound reaches a maximum concentration of 2 mg/100 ml of blood. if the half-life for its breakdown is 90 min, what is its concentration (in mg/100 ml) 4.0 h after it reaches its maximum concentration?
Answers
The concentration of drug after 4.5 hoursis [tex]\boxed{{\text{0}}{\text{.25 mg/100 mL}}}[/tex].
Further Explanation:
Radioactive decayis responsible to stabilizeunstable atomic nucleusaccompanied by the release of energy.
Half-life is the duration after which half of the original sample has been decayed and half is left behind. It is represented by [tex]{t_{{\text{1/2}}}}[/tex].
The relation between rate constant and half-life period for first-order reaction is as follows:
[tex]k = \dfrac{{0.693}}{{{t_{{\text{1/2}}}}}}[/tex] …… (1)
Here,
[tex]{t_{{\text{1/2}}}}[/tex] is half-life period.
k is rate constant.
Substitute 90 min for [tex]{t_{{\text{1/2}}}}[/tex] in equation (1).
[tex]\begin{aligned}k &= \frac{{0.693}}{{90{\text{ min}}}} \\&= 7.7 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Radioactive decay formula is as follows:
[tex]{\text{A}} = {{\text{A}}_0}{e^{ - kt}}[/tex] …… (2)
Here
A is the concentration of sample after time t.
t is the time taken.
[tex]{{\text{A}}_0}[/tex] is the initial concentration of sample.
k is the rate constant.
The time for the process is to be converted into min. The conversion factor for this is,
[tex]1{\text{ hr}} = 60\min[/tex]
Therefore time taken can be calculated as follows:
[tex]\begin{aligned}t&= \left( {4.5{\text{ hr}}} \right)\left( {\frac{{60{\text{ min}}}}{{1{\text{ hr}}}}} \right) \\&= 270{\text{ min}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]
Substitute 2 mg/100 mL for [tex]{{\text{A}}_0}[/tex] , [tex]7.7 \times {10^{ - 3}}{\text{ mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}}[/tex] for k and 270 min for t in equation (2).
[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{A}} &= \left( {\frac{{2{\text{ mg}}}}{{100{\text{ mL}}}}} \right){e^{ - \left( {7.7 \times {{10}^{ - 3}}{\text{ mi}}{{\text{n}}^{ - 1}}} \right)\left( {270{\text{ min}}} \right)}} \\&= \frac{{0.25{\text{ mg}}}}{{100{\text{ mL}}}} \\\end{aligned}[/tex]
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Radioactivity
Keywords: half-life, 0.25 mg/100 mL, 2 mg/100 mL, A, k, t, rate constant, 4.5 h, 270 min, radioactive decay formula.
Which of these carbohydrates is a monosaccharide maltose fructose cellulose or lactose
Answers
You used both HNO3 and H2SO4 solutions in this experiment. briefly answer the following question.
why couldn't you substitute 3M H2SO4 for concentrated HNO3 in Part 1?
Answers
You couldn't substitute 3M H2SO4 for concentrated HNO3 in Part 1 of the experiment due to the significant differences in their reactivity and properties. HNO3 is a powerful oxidizing agent and provides specific reactions, while H2SO4 is a strong acid but not as strong an oxidizing agent.
Explanation:The reason you couldn't substitute 3M H2SO4 for concentrated HNO3 in Part 1 of the experiment is due to the difference in their reactivity and properties. Nitric Acid (HNO3) is a powerful oxidizing agent. This means it has the ability to oxidize other substances, bringing about specific chemical reactions. On the other hand, Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4), while still a strong acid, is not as strong an oxidizing agent and would not yield the same results if used as a substitute for HNO3 in this experiment.
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If kc = 7.04 × 10-2 for the reaction: 2 hbr(g) ⇌h2(g) + br2(g), what is the value of kc for the reaction: 1/2 h2(g) + 1/2 br2 ⇌hbr(g)
Answers
So Kc = [H2] [Br2] / [HBr]^2
7.04X10^-2 = [H2][Br] / [HBr]^2
at the second reaction when 1/2 H2(g) + 1/2 Br2 (g) ⇄ HBr
Its Kc value will = [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br2]^1/2
we will make the first formula of Kc upside down:
1/7.04X10^-2 = [HBr]^2/[H2][Br2]
and by taking the square root:
∴ √(1/7.04X10^-2)= [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br]^1/2
∴ Kc for the second reaction = √(1/7.04X10^-2) = 3.769
The value of Kc for the second reaction is mathematically given as
Kc' = 3.769
What isthe value of Kc for the second reaction?
Question Parameters:
kc = 7.04 × 10-2 for the reaction
2 hbr(g) ⇌h2(g) + br2(g)
1/2 h2(g) + 1/2 br2 ⇌hbr(g)
Generally, the equation for the reaction is mathematically given as
2HBr(g) ⇄ H2(g) + Br2(g)
Therefore
Kc = [H2] [Br2] / [HBr]^2
7.04X10^-2 = [H2][Br] / [HBr]^2
Upon final reaction
Kc' = [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br2]^1/2
Hence
[tex]\sqrt{(1/7.04X10^-2)}= [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br]^1/2}\\\\Kc' = \sqrt{(1/7.04X10^-2)[/tex]
Kc' = 3.769
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You are given a crushed sample that is a mixture of limestone (caco3), lime (cao), and sand. the calcium carbonate, limestone, is the only material present in the material that will decompose when heated. you subject a 6.4734 g sample of the mixture to strong heating and after the sample reaches a constant mass (no more mass is lost with additional heating), the sample has a final weight of 4.3385 g. what is the percentage of calcium carbonate present in the original mixture? (f.wt. caco3 = 100.1)
Answers
Chemical reaction: CaCO₃ → CaO + CO₂.
m₁(sample) = 6,4734 g.
m₂(sample) = 4,3385 g.
m(CO₂) = m₁(sample) - m₂(sample).
m(CO₂) = 6,4734 g - 4,3385 g.
m(CO₂) = 2,1349 g.
n(CO₂) = m(CO₂) ÷ M(CO₂).
n(CO₂) = 2,1349 g ÷ 44 g/mol.
n(CO₂) = 0,0485 mol.
From chemical reaction: n(CO₂) : n(CaCO₃) = 1 : 1.
n(CaCO₃) = 0,0485 mol.
m(CaCO₃) = 0,0485 mol · 100,1 g/mol.
m(CaCO₃) = 4,854 g.
percentage of calcium carbonate = 4,854 g ÷ 6,4734 g · 100%.
percentage of calcium carbonate = 75%.