Read the following quotations from Nelson Mandela:

"Teach the children that Africans are not one iota inferior to Europeans. Establish your own community schools where the right kind of education will be given to our children. If it becomes dangerous or impossible to have these alternative schools, then again you must make every home, every shack or rickety structure a center of learning for our children."
(address to the Congress of the African National Congress, 1953)

"We call on all Africans not to cooperate or collaborate in any way with the proposed South African Republic or any other form of Government which rests on force to perpetuate the tyranny of a minority, and to organize and unite in town and country to carry out constant actions to oppose oppression and win freedom."
(letter to Henrick Verwoerd, Prime Minister of South Africa, 1961)

"I do not deny that I planned sabotage. I did not plan it in a spirit of recklessness nor because I have any love of violence. I planned it as a result of a calm and sober assessment of the political situation that had arisen after many years of tyranny, exploitation and oppression of my people by the whites."
(speech at the Rivona Trial, 1964)

"Difficulties break some men but make others. No axe is sharp enough to cut the soul of a sinner who keeps on trying, one armed with the hope that he will rise even in the end."
(letter to his wife, Winnie Mandela, from Robben Island, 1975)

"Never, never and never again shall it be that this beautiful land will again experience the oppression of one by another and suffer the indignity of being the skunk of the world. Let freedom reign!"
(speech at his presidential inauguration, Pretoria, South Africa, 1994)

"If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner."
(The Long Walk to Freedom, 1995)

Now, without doing any further research, answer the following questions about each quotation:

How would you describe the speaker?
What ideas is he trying to convey?
Based on the citations beneath each quotation, what can you say about his intended audience?

Answer:

Correct matches below.

Explanation:

Jefferson Davis - Confederate president

"Stonewall" Jackson - killed by one of his own men

David Farragut - crossed Confederate lines to capture New Orleans

John J. (Or Joseph) Crittenden - proposed a compromise that was rejected

Andrew Johnson - Lincoln's vice president for his 2nd term

George McClellan - trained his troops thoroughly

Robert Anderson - stationed at Fort Sumter at the beginning of war

Alexander Stephens - Confederate vice president

George Meade - met & defeated Robert E. Lee at Gettysburg

P.G.T Beauregard - Confederate general at first battle of Bull Run

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The first scientist to challenge the concept of race was Richard Lewontin.

Lewontin was an American evolutionary biologist and geneticist who was part of a group of researchers in the 1960s who argued that race has little basis from the perspective of biological science. Lewontin's arguments meant that all humans are part of the same biological species, and even when variations between different populations exist, they are far fewer than the similarities among all human populations.

He also argued that while we may assume visible physical traits can be correlated to certain geographic regions, the true cause of this phenomenon arises from natural selection rather than differences in gene frequency. This challenging concept fundamentally altered the way scientists, as well as society as a whole, viewed race.

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The president can influence the Supreme Court through nominations, the involvement of the Solicitor General, submission of amicus curiae briefs, and public statements, shaping the judiciary long-term.

The president can influence the Supreme Court by several means, ensuring their lasting impact on the judiciary:

For instance, President Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1937 "court-packing scheme" aimed to add more justices aligned with his views, though it was never enacted.

Answer:

The Frankish kingdoms lead by Charles Martel. defeated the Arabs in the battle of tours or also known as the battle of poitiers.

Explanation:

After the death of the Visigothic King Witzia, his nobles refused to recognize one of his sons as heir. Leading to a revolt by the basques, which Witzia's son looked to confront. However, his father's betrayal nobles supported the Arabs and they won power in the Iberic peninsula. Then, after establishing power they pushed an advanced to France, however, They Frankish states realized about the operation and fought them, nevertheless it wasn't enough to stop them and it was too far away from the Frankish capitals to get resources and settlements. That's why the Arabs tried it again, but the organization from the Frankish kingdoms was powerful and they decided to expel them and take the Iberic Peninsula. The Battle taken in Poitiers was definitive to weaken the Arab forces and cut the hopes of a comeback. They got expelled and the Frankish Kingdoms won authority over the Iberic Peninsula.

D. military dictatorship

correct answer

The best description of the type of government England had in the period before the Restoration (which refers to the period before the English monarchy was restored in 1660 after the English Civil War and the rule of Oliver Cromwell) is Absolutist. The correct option is (C).

During this period, particularly under the rule of the Stuart monarchs (such as James I and Charles I), there were efforts to establish absolute monarchy, where the king had significant, often unchecked, powers and authority. This led to disputes between the monarchy and Parliament, contributing to the tensions that eventually culminated in the English Civil War and the subsequent Restoration. While it was not an absolute monarchy in the same sense as some other European countries, England experienced a struggle between royal absolutism and parliamentary authority during this time

Stuart Monarchs: The Stuart dynasty ruled England during this time, and several of these monarchs sought to centralize power and authority in the monarchy, diminishing the role and influence of Parliament.

Divine Right of Kings: The Stuart monarchs promoted the concept of the divine right of kings, which asserted that the king's authority was granted by God and was not subject to questioning or limitations by any earthly authority, including Parliament.

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deficient spending is your answer

Deficient spending is when the government spends more than they earn (through taxes, bonds, etc.). This leads to a term called "national debt"

hope this helps

He wanted to avoid war with Mexico.

B) The automobile

Have a great day (:

Answer:

Opposition to the war

Explanation:

A break-in at the Watergate office building turn into a major political scandal because the cover-up involved criminal activities and obstruction of justice by the President of the United States. The correct option is 2.

Built between 1963 and 1971, the Watergate was a popular residence for members of Congress and political appointees to the executive branch. Since the 1980s, the complex has been sold on several occasions.

The scandal arose as a result of the Nixon administration's ongoing efforts to conceal its involvement in the June 17, 1972, break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate Office Building in Washington, D.C.

Contributions to presidential campaigns were restricted. It prevented the president from going to war without congressional approval. It established guidelines for the government's collection of data.

Thus, the ideal selection is option 2.

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The answer is "interrupter". You will get a faster answer if you include the answers in your test next time.

President Wilson's intended outcomes of the Great War was a reduction of arms and weapons by all of the world's countries. The appropriate response is option A.

The Progressive Movement's leader and the 28th President of the United States was Woodrow Wilson. Wilson brought America into the war to "make the world safe for democracy" following a neutral stance at the start of World War I.

He enacted a significant antitrust law, started the current income tax, founded the Federal Reserve, and steered the country to victory in World War I.

Wilson called for the abolishment of secret treaties, a decrease in armaments, an adjustment in colonial claims in the interests of both native peoples and colonists, and freedom of the seas in order to immediately address what he saw to be the causes of the world war.

Hence, Option A is an appropriate response.

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Final answer:

European colonization led to systems like Spain's Encomienda System and the institution of slavery in the Americas, transforming agricultural practices with crops like tobacco and cotton. The Columbian Exchange brought cultural and economic changes, while European diseases significantly decimated indigenous populations.

Explanation:

The period of European colonization profoundly affected the Americas, which saw the establishment of various systems that shaped the new societies and dictated the interactions between Europeans and Native Americans. Spain's Encomienda System was one such example, wherein indigenous people were subjected to forced labor in exchange for purported protection and Christianization. This system was characterized by exploitation and severe impact on indigenous communities.

As the colonization efforts expanded, European influences became apparent in agriculture, with crops like tobacco and cotton altering the landscape and economy. These changes necessitated a massive labor force, leading to the establishment of slavery as an institution in the Americas. Slavery was racially based, with Africans being brought in large numbers to work on plantations, impacting the social and cultural fabric of the societies.

Interchanges such as the Columbian Exchange altered the culture and economies globally, while European diseases decimated indigenous populations. The spread of European culture and its dominance were also reflected in the arts, where a European influence began to pervade, often at the cost of the erasure of indigenous artistic expressions.

B) Toussaint L' Ouverture

The correct answer is "false". In most of the cases, most dictionaries and most part of the political analysis of the world, it is considered the opposite. Conservatives are often considered to be the “right” of the political spectrum, while liberals are considered to be “left” of the political center.

Answer:F

Explanation: Hope this helps :D :)

The correct answer is B: The League of Nations was an international organization designed to prevent war that was set up after World War I. WWI was named the "Great War" and "The war to end all wars"; never before had Europeans seen such scale of destruction. After the war the League of Nations was founded with the goal of preventing a new world war. However, it did not suceed. It lacked enforcement mechanisms, and depended on the will of the victors of WWI to enforce its resolutions. The U.S. never joined it officially, despite the fact that U.S. Presidente Woodrow Wilson was one of its main backers (this earned him the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919), and the Soviet Union was only briefly part of it; the absence of two of the most powerful states weakened its legitimacy. After failing to prevent World War II, it was dissolved in 1946, giving way to the United Nations, the international organization presently charged with keeping peace.

Answer:

B. League of Nations

Explanation:

The League of Nations was an organization that was set up after World War I in order to prevent war. The purpose of the League of Nations was to maintain world peace through the cooperation and association of nations. The League of Nations is considered the most direct predecessor of the United Nations. Despite its ambitious purpose, the League of Nations was unsuccessful, as it was unable to prevent World War II.

Answer: A. In the postclassical era, the world's most powerful states were in in Asia and the Middle East. In the modern era, power shifted to Eurasia.

Explanation:

During the Post-Classical era (600 CE to 1450 CE), areas previously under control of the Empires underwent an economic decline.  The fall of Rome brought new possibilities in the Middle East, and Arabs regain control over areas under Roman rule.

During the Early Modern (1450-1750) and the Modern era (1750-1900), Eurasia had the most powerful states, changing the power distribution.

The correct answer is option B (deforestation).

Even though farming the land is positive as regards growing food for a growing population, it also has a negative aspect since it implies deforestation  (trees and other vegetation is removed).

Once trees are removed, the immediate effect is FLOODING because the roots of plants are in charge of absorbing water.

The answer is heaven. Qian signifies the peak of our mortal potential, a state of mind of clearness and consistency, uninterrupted by doubts, needs, supposed loops. When our attention is clear, if we are concurrently one with ourselves and with our goal, we turn out to be with the creator.

After the Supreme Court ruled the President had acted unconstitutionally in seizing the mills, Truman planned to invoke Section 18 of the Selective Service Act in order to legally take control of the mills and force steel workers back to their machines.

When this did not result in an end to the strike, and with defense production crippled, Truman ordered steelmakers and the union to meet at the White House to reach an agreement. 

On July 24, 1952 a settlement at the White House was reached and the 53-day strike by the steelworkers ended.

Before the steelworkers in 1952, there were the miners in 1946.

When coal miners went out on strike in April, Truman seized the mines and ordered the miners back to work.  After coal companies rejected a government settlement, the miners struck again.

This time the mining companies agreed to most of the miners' demands.  The miners returned to their pits in December, but not before their union received a large fine for ignoring a court order not to strike.

Though Truman threatened to draft strikers into the military several times during his presidency, he also vetoed (unsuccessfully) the Taft-Hartley Act, which restricted the power of labor unions.