Recent research has identified a gene (SLC45A2) that codes for a protein that affects melanin production in humans and other animals. A mutation in this gene has given rise to two variant alleles. The L374 allele correlates with darker pigmentation, and the F374 allele correlates with lighter pigmentation. Researchers collected DNA samples from people in 14 European, Asian, and African populations and identified the frequency of the F374 allele in these groups. Review the data in the chart on p. 242 of your lab manual and answer the questions that follow. In what populations do we see the highest frequencies of the F374 allele for lighter pigmentation?
Answers
Complete Question:
Recent research has identified a gene (SLC45A2) that codes for a protein that affects melanin production in humans and other animals. A mutation in this gene has given rise to two variant alleles. The L374 allele correlates with darker pigmentation, and the F374 allele correlates with lighter pigmentation. Researchers collected DNA samples from people in 14 European, Asian, and African populations and identified the frequency of the F374 allele in these groups. Review the data in the chart below (see the attached first image) and answer the questions that follow.
1. In what populations do we see the highest frequencies of the F374 allele for lighter pigmentation?
2. In what populations do we see the lowest frequencies of the F374 allele for lighter pigmentation?
3. The map below(see the attached second image) shows the ancestral locations of the populations studied, superimposed on Figure 8.2, a map of given regional skin color variation. Are these results what you would expect based on the skin color information in the map? Why or why not? Figure Credit: Map George Chaplin. First published in Skin: A Natural History by Nina G. Jablonski, UCP 2013. Used with permission.
4. Why might some light-skinned populations, such as the Japanese, be missing the F374 allele for lighter skin pigmentation? (Hint: Consider the various forces of evolution that may be at play.)
Answer and explanation:
Going by the given data
1.
The highest frequencies of the populations of the F374 Alleles for lighter pigmentations is said to be as, going by the data in the above table is (german)GERMANY where as frequency of F374 of 0.965(96.5%)
2.
The lowest frequency of the population of the F374 alleles for lighter pigmentations going by the data in above table is
10. (CHINA)
12. Japanese (JAPAN)
14. African (GERMANY, JAPAN)
where the frequency of the F374 is 0.000(0%)
3.
Ancestral location of population which is shown on map is similar to the data which is provided in the table.
=> when parental genome has L374 allele at high rate then the offspring will have darker pigmentation in them
=> when parental genome has F374 Allele at low rate then the offspring will have lighter pigmentation in them
=> when parental genome is having both alleles at same rate then the offspring will have moderate color pigmentation ( that is not too dark or light)
4.
The lighter skin pigmentation in Japanese of F374 Alleles is high in rate than the genome compared to L374 Allele
Due to loss of L374 Allele in their genetic material leading to lighter pigmentation in their skin for adaptation of L374 allele may be lighted up with various reason said to be genomic changes, environmental, climatic changes and style of living with their food habits
The F374 allele of the SLC45A2 gene, associated with lighter skin pigmentation, would likely be more prevalent in populations where lighter skin is beneficial, for example, in regions with less sunlight. To definitively answer the question, one would need to refer to the specific data in their lab manual.
Explanation:The measurements of the F374 allele, the variant of the SLC45A2 gene that is associated with lighter pigmentation, are likely higher in populations where lighter skin would be advantageous due to ecological factors. This might include areas with lower levels of sunlight, such as Northern Europe, where darker skin could lead to deficiencies in vitamin D production. From looking at your lab manual, you would need to determine which of the 14 studied populations show the highest frequencies of this allele. This question is basically looking at how mutations in a specific gene can affect skin color and how the frequencies of these mutations can vary in different human populations.
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Related Questions
What are the differences between the questions scientists and bioethicists try to answer?
Answers
Answer:
Scientists seek to understand phenomena in the world -they want to describe what it is- while bioethicists seek to figure out what people should do.
Scientists and bioethicists both ask questions that relate to biological topics, but their focus and approach differ. Scientists focus on investigating biological phenomena through empirical methods, while bioethicists explore the ethical implications of these phenomena.
What scientists seek to answer questions?Scientists seek to answer questions that relate to the natural world, such as how biological processes work, how diseases develop, and how to develop new treatments.
They use experiments, observations, and other methods to gather data and test hypotheses. Their research may involve studying living organisms, molecules, or cellular processes.
Bioethicists, on the other hand, explore the ethical implications of biological research and medical treatments. They may ask questions such as: Is it ethical to use genetic engineering to create "designer babies"? What are the ethical implications of animal testing in medical research? Should terminally ill patients be allowed to end their own lives? Bioethicists may consider cultural, social, and religious beliefs, as well as legal and policy issues when addressing these questions.
In summary, scientists focus on understanding natural phenomena through empirical research, while bioethicists explore the ethical implications of biological research and medical treatments.
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Whether a G alpha subunit is active or inactive depends on which guanine nucleotide is bound to it. Binding of GDP or GTP results in the protein switching between two conformational states. Which of the following answers best describes the structural changes that occur in a G alpha subunit due to guanine nucleotide binding? Choose one: A. Phosphorylation of GDP to GTP by the G alpha subunit moves the switch II helix region from binding to G beta/gamma to binding effectors like adenylate cyclase. B. The helical region of G alpha, called switch II, which interacts with G beta/gamma in the inactive state, is brought into the interior of the G alpha protein, reducing contact with G beta/gamma. This permits G alpha interaction with effector proteins, like adenylate cyclase, since the switch Il region is now buried. C. Epinephrine directly binds and activates G alpha to allow the subunit to bind to an effector protein. D. Dissociation of GDP for GTP with the G alpha subunit structurally shifts the switch II helix region, allowing for the association of G alpha with its effector proteins, such as adenylate cyclase.
Answers
Answer:
Option D
Explanation:
Whether a G alpha subunit is active or inactive depends on which guanine nucleotide is bound to it. Binding of GDP or GTP results in the protein switching between two conformational states.
Dissociation of GDP for GTP with the G alpha subunit structurally shifts the switch II helix region, allowing for the association of G alpha with its effector proteins, such as adenylate cyclase,describes the structural changes that occur in a G alpha subunit due to guanine nucleotide binding
Marine debris is best described as being composed of
a. solid garbage
b. untreated sewage
c. toxic chemicals
d. things discarded by humans
Answers
Answer:
Solid garbage
Explanation:
Marine debris are artificial objects that are lost or thrown into the marine environment. Majority of these debris include plastic, glass, metal, fishing hook etc.
All these examples mentioned above can be classified as solid garbage.
Answer:
A. solid garbage
Explanation:
What are some plants that grow in mountains
Answers
Answer:
Trees & Shrubs
Explanation:
The major function of the respiratory system is to:
A. maintain the digestive system of the body so that it can continue to operate.
OB. give the heart the energy it needs to circulate blood.
O c.
provide oxygen to the body and eliminate carbon dioxide from the body.
OD. cleanse the body of toxins, poisons, and harmful chemicals.
Reset
Next Question
Answers
Answer:
provide the organism with the gases the cells need.
Explanation:
The discovery, characterization, and the application of the CRISPR/CAS system has revolutionized the study of genetics and genetic engineering. Please select all correct answers regarding its mechanism of action and application. Multiple correct answers are possible, and partial credit will be given.
A. CRISPR sequences in bacteria resemble those from bacteriophage and plamid DNA.
B. For reverse genetics studies, CRISPR/CAS can be used to replace wildtype alleles with mutant alleles which can knockout the function of the target genes.
C. CRISPR is a DNA sequence in the bacterial chromosome.
D. The guide RNA directs CAS to specific DNA sequences.
E. The CRISPR/CAS system was discovered in bacteria, and its natural function is the equivalent of an immune system in bacteria for "remembering" viral infections and for attacking viral DNA in future infections.
Answers
Answer:
A. CRISPR sequences in bacteria resemble those from bacteriophage and plasmid DNA. (The CRISPR sequences are derived from previously invading bacteriophages and pladmids.)
B. For reverse genetic studies, CRISPR /CAS can be used to replace wild type alleles with mutant alleles which can knock out the function of target genes. (CAS 9 introduces double strand break (DSB) in the target sequence which is then repaired by non homologous end joining (NHEJ). NHEJ causes deletion, insertion or frame shift mutation leading to knock out of the target genes.)
C. CRISPR is a bacterial sequence in the bacterial chromosome. ( The sequences are derived from bacteriophages that had infected the bacteria defore.)
D. The guide RNA guides CAS to specific DNA sequences. ( The guide RNA directs CAS nuclease to the target sequences for editing.)
E. The CRISPR/CAS system was discovered in bacteria, and it's natural function is the equivalent of an immune system in bacteria for remembering viral infections and for attacking viral DNA in future infections. (The CRISPR/CAS system provides acquired immunity to bacteria.)
Explanation:
see answer
Scientific advances in the study of evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) have demonstrated that another factor has had as much of an impact as specific alterations in the genes on the macroevolutionary changes in body plans that have been observed through time. This factor is ___________.
Answers
Answer:
The phenomena of (evo-devo) is the part of biology related to how variations in embryonic growth throughout single peers are related to evolutionary changes that occur between generations.One of the scientist who worked on this phenomena named charles darwin argued for the importance of growth (embryology) in understanding evolution. Nevertheless, afterward the detection in 1900 of Mendel's research on genetics, any relationship between development and evolution was not considered important for understanding evolutionary processes or as a black box that was difficult to see. Research in the past two decades has opened that black box, revealing how evo-devo studies highlight the mechanisms that link genes (the genotype) to structures (the phenotype). This is vitally important because genes do not form structures. Development processes create structures using gene-provided road maps, but they also use many other signals - physical forces such as mechanical stimulation, ambient temperature, and interaction with chemicals produced by other species - often species in completely different kingdoms. As in communications amongst microorganisms and squid or between leaves and larvae. Genes not only do not form structures (the phenotype), but new properties and mechanisms emerge during embryonic development: genes are differentially regulated in different cells and locations; Similar cell aggregations provide the cellular resources (modules) from which tissues and organs arise; modules and differentiated cell populations interact to establish development along particular tracks; and organisms interact with their environment and create their niche in that environment. Such interactions are often called "epigenetic," meaning that they direct gene activity using mechanisms that are not encoded in the DNA of the genes. This article reviews the origins of evo - devo, how the field has changed in the last 30 years, assesses the recognition of the importance for the development and evolution of mechanisms that are not encoded in DNA, and assesses what the future holds. could bring for evo– devo. Though difficult to know, past communicates us that we could expect more of the same; expansion of evo - devo in other areas of biology (ecology, physiology, behavior); absorption of evo-devo by evolution or a unification of biology in which evo-devo plays an important role.
Which of the following statements about actin is correct?
a. If the actual amount of available ATP-bound G-actin is below the critical concentration at both ends of a filament, then the actin filament will depolymerize.
b. Actin monomers are called G-actin because they have a nucleotide binding site that accommodates a molecule of GTP.
c. The plus end of an actin monomer has a net positive charge.
d. Actin generally polymerizes more rapidly at the pointed end.
e. Polymerization of an actin filament will only occur at the plus end.
Answers
Answer:
Option C
Explanation:
The G actin are Actin monomers have a nucleotide binding site which accommodates a molecule of ATP where ATP is hydrolyzed after polymerization. The plus end of an actin monomer has a net positive charge. Polymerization of an actin filament occur at the both ends but elongation is faster to about 4-5 times at the plus end than at the minus end. Actin generally polymerizes more rapidly at the barbed end than the pointed end.
Answer:
The correct answer is option a. "If the actual amount of available ATP-bound G-actin is below the critical concentration at both ends of a filament, then the actin filament will depolymerize".
Explanation:
Actin is the monomeric subunit of most filaments in cells, constituting the the cytoskeleton that brings support and maintains the cells' structure. Actin filament depolymerization is a process that allows for the creation of turnovers in the cytoskeleton and ensures that enough actin subunits are available to produce the filaments. One signal that starts actin filament depolymerization occurs when the actual amount of available ATP-bound G-actin is below the critical concentration at both ends of a filament. This occurs in the opposite direction as well, because the ability of a solution of G-actin to polymerize is given when the available ATP-bound G-actin is above the critical concentration.
What does Vivian Lee research? *
Answers
Answer:
she was an actor
Explanation:
She starred in Gone With the Wind when she was 25. she was a actress
During the cross-bridge cycle in muscle cells, myosin motors hydrolyze ATP as fuel to create a pulling force on actin fibers. Please describe how the different states of ATP hydrolysis correspond to different interactions between myosin and actin to drive this cycle.
Answers
Answer and Explanation:
In rest, attraction strengths between myosin and actin filaments are inhibited by the tropomyosin. When the muscle fiber membrane depolarizes, the action potential caused by this depolarization enters the t-tubules depolarizing the inner portion of the muscle fiber. This activates calcium channels in the T tubules membrane and releases calcium into the sarcolemma. At this point, tropomyosin is obstructing binding sites for myosin on the thin filament. When calcium binds to the troponin C, the troponin T alters the tropomyosin by moving it and then unblocks the binding sites. Myosin heads bind to the uncovered actin-binding sites forming cross-bridges, and while doing it ATP is transformed into ADP and inorganic phosphate which is released. Myofilaments slide impulsed by chemical energy collected in myosin heads, producing a power stroke. The power stroke initiates when the myosin cross-bridge binds to actin. As they slide, ADP molecules are released. A new ATP links to myosin heads and breaks the bindings to the actin filament. Then ATP splits into ADP and phosphate, and the energy produced is accumulated in the myosin heads, which starts a new binding cycle to actin. Z-bands are then pulled toward each other, thus shortening the sarcomere and the I-band, and producing muscle fiber contraction.
Hexaploid wheat was produced synthetically by He and co-workers. They mated the diploid species, Aegilops tauschii, and the tetraploid species, T. turgidum. Which of the following is an accurate statement about the relative contribution of each parent to the genome of the hexaploid offspring?
1) Aegilops tauschii contributed four chromosomes by failing to complete meiosis after chromosome replication, and T. turgidum contributed two chromosomes. [<-- this one is not correct]
2) Aegilops tauschii contributed two chromosomes, and T. turgidum contributed four chromosomes.
3) The hexaploid number appeared following mitosis with no subsequent cell division.
4) Each parent contributed equally to the genome of the offspring
Answers
Answer:
2.) Aegilops tauschii contributed two sets of chromosomes, and T. turgidum contributed four sets of chromosomes.
Explanation:
The mating of diploid and tetraploid species is one breeding method which has proven majorly satisfactory with the largest and most prominent mass producers of seedlings for uniform high-quality progeny, has been the mating of the tetraploid of good form with the free and prolific diploid.
The result yields a good progeny. This is due to the fact that the tetraploid parent influences twice as much as the diploid parent do. It's traits, form and color are more pronounced. This also implies that the diploid contributes two chromosomes and the tetraploid contributes four chromosomes. When hexaploid wheat was produced synthetically by He and co-workers, they mated diploid Aegilops tauschii, and the tetraploid species, T. turgidum. This implies that Aegilops tauschii contributed two chromosomes and T. turgidum contributes four chromosomes.
Aegilops tauschii, the diploid species, contributed two chromosomes, while the tetraploid species T. turgidum contributed four chromosomes to create a hexaploid wheat.
Explanation:The relative contribution of each parent to the genome of the hexaploid offspring involves Aegilops tauschii, the diploid species contributing two chromosomes, and T. turgidum, the tetraploid species, contributing four chromosomes. Thus, the correct statement would be 'Aegilops tauschii contributed two chromosomes, and T. turgidum contributed four chromosomes'. The hexaploid wheat produced synthetically by He and co-workers is a result of the genetic material from the diploid species Aegilops tauschii and the tetraploid species T. turgidum.
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12. When a plant grows on the shade
Answers
i dont understand the question
You are snorkeling out in the ocean, when you come out across this sight. You cannot decide if the smaller fish is a parasite or a mutualist of the bigger fish. You decide to both do more observations on these two fish species in the wild, and to bring them back into the lab for experiments. Describe the observations you would make & an experiment you could do to test if this is a mutualism or a parasitism.
Answers
Answer:
The analysis comprise in watch the conduct of each gathering of fishes. Subjectively, we can mention objective facts of the swimming examples of every creature, on the off chance that they assault one another or if the pass on. Be that as it may, this investigation will be founded on quantitative outcomes. We will observe during multi month of the quantity of fishes in each gathering that still alive. Obviously, we will give the standard states of nourishment, oxygen and light to each gathering.
We need to determinate if the two species can get by their own without the nearness of the other one. Our hypothesis would be: If both kind of fishes have a mutual relationship, the two gatherings (1 and 2) will lessen the quantity of people continuously. On the off chance that the relationship is parasitic, one of the two gatherings will have less number of people toward the month's end.
How many microhabitats
can trees have?
A. Trees do not have microhabitats
B. Trees can only have one
microhabitat
C. Trees can have multiple
microhabitats
Answers
Answer:
C.Trees can have multiple microhabitats
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Which of the following illustrates intraspecific competition? A sea gull swooping down to snatch a fish from the water's surface Male red-winged blackbirds defending limited nesting sites from other males A butterfly feeding on the nectar of a daffodil flower A tick and a flea sharing a dog's back
Answers
Answer: Male red-winkled black birds defending limited nesting sites from other males.
Explanation: Intraspecific competition is defined as a competition between two individuals from the same species. There are two types of intraspecific competition which are interference intraspecific competition and exploitation intraspecific competition. For the purpose of the answer provided above, interference intraspecific competition is discussed.
In interference intraspecific competition, the species establish hierarchies through aggressive behavior in which one or more individuals within the population holds a dominant status over the others. These individuals limit or prevent access of more subordinate individuals to a resources through direct interactions.
Here, only those individuals who are dominant or holds territories will increase their production success. Example of this is in when two winkled black birds establishes a territory of nesting sites, thus limits the access of this nesting sites thereby defending the nesting sites from other males.
Final answer:
The scenario that best illustrates intraspecific competition is 'Male red-winged blackbirds defending limited nesting sites from other males,' as it involves competition among members of the same species, which defines intraspecific competition.
Explanation:
Intraspecific Competition Illustrated
Among the provided scenarios, the one that illustrates intraspecific competition is: Male red-winged blackbirds defending limited nesting sites from other males. This is because the competition is occurring between members of the same species, which is exactly what intraspecific competition entails. Male red-winged blackbirds will aggressively defend their nesting areas to ensure that they have a place to attract mates and raise their offspring. This competition over resources—like territory—results in natural selection, improving the species' adaptations over time.
On the other hand, interspecific competition happens when individuals from different species compete for resources. This can lead to one species out-competing the other, potentially causing the less adapted species to move away, adapt through character displacement, or go extinct due to reproductive and survival disadvantages.
The competitive exclusion principle further explains this phenomenon, stating that two species competing for identical resources cannot coexist at constant population values; one species will out-compete the other. These types of competition are significant evolutionary forces that impact biodiversity and ecosystem structure.
Why do some water masses in subsurface oceans have little or no oxygen? a. Large carnivores deplete oxygen in subsurface oceans via their high rates of oxygen metabolism. b. Rates of photosynthesis are low in overlying waters, limiting the availability of oxygen. c. Waters underneath the surface oceans are cold and thus have a limited capacity to carry oxygen in solution. d. Rates of photosynthesis are high in overlying waters, supporting high rates of respiration in waters that deplete the oxygen there.
Answers
Answer:
The Correct option is "D"
Explanation:
By and large there is accessibility of plenitude daylight on a superficial level which gives different tiny fish and diatoms a space to develop, which additionally accommodates thick algal sprout. These algal sprout are obtrusive to such an extent that their thickness may exhaust the oxygen level and furthermore can slaughter the microscopic fishes.
In which of the two types of succession do you expect to take longer to get to Climax Community?
•Primary succession
•Secondary succession
Answers
Answer:
Secondary
Explanation:
Answer:
It is secondary succession.i had that question. hope it help and good luck ;)
Nijmegen breakage syndrome is a human disease that is characterized by immunodeficiency, cancer predisposition, and microcephaly. It is a disorder that is caused by the inheritance of two mutant copies of a gene called NBS1, whose product is involved in DNA repair. Knowing this, what does this tell you about the relationship between DNA repair processes and the immune system?
A. DNA repair processes must be critical for the proper functioning of the immune system, as when they are nonfunctional, the immune system does not function properly.
B. The NBS1 gene must have multiple alleles, one that affects DNA repair, and one that affects the immune system.
C. Nijmegen breakage syndrome is caused by an epistasis relationship between a gene affecting DNA repair and a gene affecting the immune system.
D. Nothing. Nijmegen breakage syndrome is the result of polygenic inheritance, and therefore the immunodeficiency seen in these patients is due to the inheritance of another gene.
Answers
Answer:
A. DNA repair processes must be critical for the proper functioning of the immune system, as when they are nonfunctional, the immune system does not function properly.
Explanation:
The Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) affects the immune system and this disorder is produced by mutations in the NBS1 gene involved in DNA repair, thereby evidencing a causal relationship between the immune system and the mechanism of DNA repair
It is good practice to autoclave all cultures before disposal, even if the culture is of a non-pathogenic organism. Autoclaving not only kills the cells in the culture, but denatures and destroys proteins and nucleic acids. Based on what you have learned in this laboratory exercise, why is it especially important to autoclave genetically engineered organisms before disposal
Answers
Answer:
Most of the GMO are hazardous therefore inactivation of the GMO is very important , so that they are completely or partially destroyed before disposal. This is needed to provide high level of protection for the surrounding environment inhabited by man and other organisms to be deposited..
In all cases at least 99-100% inactivation must be achieved.
Explanation:
Centrifugation of a cell results in the rupture of the cell membrane and the compacting of the contents into a pellet in the bottom of the centrifuge tube. Bathing this pellet with light yields metabolic activity, including the production of large amounts of NADPH and ATP. One of the contents of this pellet is most likely which of the following
A: Cytosol
B: Thylakoid/chloroplasts
C: Lysosomes
D: Golgi bodies
Answers
Answer:
B: Thylakoid/chloroplasts
Explanation:
Chloroplasts convert sunlight into food by photosynthesis, this process generates Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), thereby it is expected to find these compounds in the pellet
The process described in the question suggests photosynthesis is happening, which is performed by the chloroplasts/thylakoids (option B). These parts of the cell absorb light energy to produce ATP and NADPH which facilitates sugar synthesis.
Explanation:The process described in the question involves metabolic activity, including the production of NADPH and ATP, triggered by exposure to light. This is indicative of photosynthesis, a process primarily carried out in thylakoids, which are part of chloroplasts. So, the most likely content of the pellet is option B: Thylakoid/chloroplasts. These structures contain chlorophyll, the pigment required for photosynthesis, and are distinct to plant cells and some other organisms. They absorb light energy to produce ATP, which is used in the process of creating sugars and other organic compounds.
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Only red algae can grow in relatively deep regions of the ocean because red algae are: Select one: a. capable of absorbing carbon dioxide even from the carbon-dioxide-depleted deep waters and using the carbon dioxide to build sugars during photosynthesis. b. specialized for absorbing shorter wavelengths of light that penetrate deeper into the water for photosynthesis. c. able to perform chemosynthesis rather than photosynthesis. d. capable of absorbing ultraviolet light for photosynthesis, rather than visible light.
Answers
Answer:
b. specialized for absorbing shorter wavelengths of light that penetrate deeper into the water for photosynthesis.
Explanation:
There are two lights which are responsible for the photosynthesis in plants and algae i. e. red and blue light. These two lights are absorbed by the plants and algae in the process of photosynthesis while most of the light colors are reflected. In water red light remains in low depth while blue light penetrate deep into the water due to its shorter wavelength. So that's why red algae can grow due to the presence of blue light and photosynthesis occurs.
Correct Question and options:
Only red algae can grow in relatively deep regions of the ocean because red algae are:
a. capable of absorbing carbon dioxide even from the carbon dioxide deep waters and using the carbon dioxide to build sugars during photosynthesis.
b. specialized for absorbing longer wavelengths of light that penetrate deeper into the water for photosynthesis.
c. able to perform chemosynthesis, rather than photosynthesis.
d. capable of absorbing ultraviolet light for photosynthesis, rather than visible light.
Answer:
The correct answer is b. "specialized for absorbing longer wavelengths of light that penetrate deeper into the water for photosynthesis".
Explanation:
Red algae, also known as Rodophytes, are immobile organisms that inhabit the sea, but might also be found in freshwater and some of them can even be terrestrial. Due to its pigments, this algae is capable of absorbing sunlight in great depths, even much more than other types of algae. Rodophytes are photosynthetic organisms, which means that when they absorb sunlight they can transform it into energy.
Red algae´s coloration is due to the rhodoplasts that contain chlorophyll a, in addition to other pigments such as phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, that are phycobiliproteins. These last ones mask the chlorophyll and make a place to the characteristic algae´s red color.
Only red algae can grow in relatively deep-sea regions because they are specialized in photosynthesizing by absorbing longer light wavelengths that penetrate deeper into the water. Phycoerythrin is the one that absorbs the green wavelengths that reach deep regions and emits the red wavelengths of light. These proteins capture light energy and transfer it to chlorophylls during photosynthesis.
What statement best describes the conflict in this excerpt?
Read this excerpt from "Eleven".
Not mine, not mine, not mine, but Mrs. Price is already
turning to page thirty-two, and math problem number four. I
don't know why, but all of a sudden I'm feeling sick inside,
like the part of me that's three wants to come out of my
eyes, only I squeeze them shut tight and bite down on my
teeth real hard and try to remember today I am eleven,
eleven.
It is internal because Rachel is impatient about her
birthday
It is internal because Rachel fights against the urge to cry.
It is external because Mrs. Price is a challenging teacher.
It is external because Mrs. Price does not call on Rachel.
Mark this and retum
Save and Exit
Next
Submit
What’s this
Answers
Answer:
internal cos she figts against the urge to cry
Explanation:
Answer:
I think the answer is c
Explanation:
I read the story
Which best describes a roll of animals in the water cycle
Answers
Answer:
Animals contribute water mainly through breathing, perspiration and urination. ... When droplets of sweat evaporate from the surface of an animal's skin, they take a bit of the animal's body heat with them. They also turn into water vapor and enter the water cycle, just like water evaporating from plant leaves.
Explanation:
Put the following steps in the correct order from 1-9
polypeptide chain is released from the P site
small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit
ribosomal subunits dissociate
codon recognition (non-initiating site)
translocation
transcription of mRNA from DNA
peptide bond formation
ribosome reads a stop codon
Answers
Answer:
transcription of mRNA from DNA
small ribosomal subunit binds to mRNA
initiation complex formed with addition of large ribosomal subunit
translocation
codon recognition (non-initiating site)
peptide bond formation
ribosome reads a stop codon
polypeptide chain is released from the P site
ribosomal subunits dissociate
Explanation:
The above describes the process of translation in the ribosome. After transcription of DNA to mRNA, the mRNA is taken to the ribosome to undergo translation, here the mRNA binds to the small ribosomal subuits and to other initiation factors; binding at the mRNA binding site on the small ribosomal subunit then the Large ribosomal subunits joins in.
Translation begins (codon recognition; initiating site) at the initiation codon AUG on the mRNA with the tRNA bringing its amino acid (methionine in eukaryotes and formyl methionine in prokaryotes) forming complementary base pair between its anticodon and mRNA's AUG start codon. Then translocation occurs with the ribosome moving one codon over on the mRNA thus moving the start codon tRNA from the A site to the P site, then codon recognition occurs (non-initiating site again) which includes incoming tRNA with an anticodon that is complementary to the codon exposed in the A site binds to the mRNA.
Then peptide bond formation occurs between the amino acid carried by the tRNA in the p site and the A site. When the ribosome reads a stop codon, the process stops and the polypeptide chain produced is released and the ribosomal subunits dissociates.
Which bead phenotypes avoided predation best? Why do you think this phenotype performed better than the other?
Answers
Phenotype of the predators themselves avoid predation, which include their strong physical body structure, desire to make others prey.
Explanation:
Phenotype are the set of characteristics which are said to be seen in an organism. These are the observable kind of characteristics. Phenotype includes in them the physical form, structure or the morphology of the organism.
It also includes in the biochemical, physio social properties of the organism. The phenotype of the organisms which themselves are the predators are the ones responsible for avoiding their own predation.
The enzyme phosphorylase kinase catalyzes a modification of glycogen phosphorylase that controls its activity. How does phosphorylase kinase modify glycogen phosphorylase?
a.adenylation, which transfers an adenosine from ATP to the phosphorylase enzyme direct AMP
b.binding to glycogen phosphorylase after hydrolysis phosphorylation, which transfers a phosphate from ATP to the phosphorylase enzyme
c.a conformational change driven by the energy released when ATP is hydrolyzed
Answers
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Phosphorylase kinase modifies glycogen phosphorylase through phosphorylation, transferring a phosphate group from ATP to glycogen phosphorylase and thereby activating it. This regulatory mechanism is central to glycogen metabolism and responds to hormonal signals indicative of the body's energy status.
The enzyme phosphorylase kinase modifies glycogen phosphorylase through a process called phosphorylation, which transfers a phosphate from ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to the glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. This modification converts inactive glycogen phosphorylase b into the active form, glycogen phosphorylase a. This conversion is regulated by hormonal signals such as epinephrine and glucagon, which trigger a cascade involving the activation of adenylate cyclase, an increase in cAMP levels, and the subsequent activation of protein kinase A (PKA). PKA then phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase, which in turn phosphorylates the serine 14 residue on glycogen phosphorylase b, thereby activating it.
In summary, phosphorylation by phosphorylase kinase is critical for the regulation of glycogen metabolism, especially during the breakdown of glycogen to produce glucose for the energy needs of the cell. This regulation is tightly coupled to the cell's metabolic state and responds to hormonal signals reflecting the organism's overall energy balance.
Based on the article, which tissue do you think is affected by polio?
Answers
Answer:
Nerve
Explanation:
Answer: NERVE
Explanation:
A series of phenomena will occur in Mio’s body to compensate for the high-salt diet. Predict how Mio’s body would compensate for a high-salt diet. (Answers may be used once, more than once or not at all.)
1. With the final result, a healthy individual 19s blood pressure will________ .
2. Next, water will________ the principal cells via the aquaporin-3 channels.
3. As a result, blood volume will__________ .
4. The net movement of water from the filtrate into the principal cells will then___________ .
5. Insertion of aquaporin-2 channels in the apical membrane of the principal cells in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct will__________ their permeability to water.
6. Hence, an increased volume of water will__________ the peritubular fluid and capillary.
a. Diffuse out of
b. Stay the same
c. Exit
d. Increase
e. Decrease
f. Enter
g. Diffuse into
Answers
1. With the final result, a healthy individual 19s blood pressure will increase.
High salt diet :2. Next, water will diffuse out of the principal cells via the aquaporin-3 channels.
3. As a result, blood volume will increase.
4. The net movement of water from the filtrate into the principal cells will then increase .
5. Insertion of aquaporin-2 channels in the apical membrane of the principal cells in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct will increase their permeability to water.
6. Hence, an increased volume of water will enter the peritubular fluid and capillary.
Learn More about "blood pressure" here :
https://brainly.com/question/25149738
Mio's body will compensate for a high-salt diet by mechanisms that lead to an increase in blood pressure, water reabsorption, and blood volume, highlighting the body's ability to maintain fluid balance and blood pressure.
A series of compensatory phenomena will take place in Mio’s body to adjust for a high-salt diet, influencing various physiological parameters. Here’s how Mio’s body is predicted to react:
With the final result, a healthy individual’s blood pressure will increase.Next, water will enter the principal cells via the aquaporin-3 channels.As a result, blood volume will increase.The net movement of water from the filtrate into the principal cells will then increase.Insertion of aquaporin-2 channels in the apical membrane of the principal cells in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct will increase their permeability to water.Hence, an increased volume of water will enter the peritubular fluid and capillary.These events highlight the body’s capability to regulate fluid balance and blood pressure in response to dietary changes, such as a high intake of salt. The increase in blood volume and pressure is a direct response to the osmotic effect of the higher salt concentration, initiating a series of adaptative mechanisms to restore homeostasis.
1. Discuss why you think the unit exercise only had you create two bones for the model’s hand rather than five? 2. How would rigging (and animation) be more difficult if you didn’t include guide bones, pole targets, and other rigging elements not directly part of the "skeleton" of the mesh? 3. Describe the ways your model originally looked "off" in either the deformation/skinning or in the actual animation/keyframing process. Also, explain specific ways that you fixed these deficiencies. 4. Imagine you were creating a robot instead of a human character. What design changes might you make to the model in terms of rigging and skinning to make the character more "robotic?" 5. How would you tackle the challenge of animating a "boneless" model such as, for example, a traditional RPG slime monster — or, alternatively, something like a snake or a detailed tail animation?
Answers
Answer:
1. Discuss why you think the unit exercise only caused you to create two bones for the model's hand instead of five.
R = why the prosthesis can be adapted according to the needs of each of the users.
2. How would the rigging (and animation) be more difficult if it did not include guide bones, pole targets, and other rigging elements that are not directly part of the mesh "skeleton"?
R = the bones of the fingers that are still present help us create the measurements of the missing fingers since in this way we create a more harmonic and sesthetic hand, and when these fingers are not present it is more difficult to create in the animation since it can be noticed a little deformed since the requests cannot be correct and the fingers can be seen in very different sizes from one to the other.
3. Describe the ways your model originally looked "off" in warp / skinning or in the animation / keyframe process
A = I would not know how to answer that because I do not have any key program to carry out the prosthesis but I can guide you a little bit about a prosthesis program which you can see in an animation program
The digital model of the affected hand was obtained using modeling techniques in Blender, Rhinoceros and Mesh to model conversion software in Solid Edge. As a result, a 3D digital model of the affected hand was obtained on which the mechanisms of the prosthesis to be implemented can be worked on and adjusted.
After developing the model of the prosthesis volume, measurements were taken and adjusted to the plaster model that was previously obtained. Figure 13 shows how the prosthesis model was fitted to the plaster hand model. Subsequently, with the measurements obtained from this model, the prosthesis mechanisms are designed for the three missing digits in the user's hand.
4. Imagine that you are creating a robot instead of a human character. What design changes could you make to the model in terms of rigging and skinning to make the character more "robotic"?
R = the physical aspect, and that the movements are more rigid and not so fluid to give the robotic touch, since currently robots move very fluidly and can make faster expressions and make it look more metallic and not treat it to do with such a humanoid aspect.
5. How would you face the challenge of animating a "boned" model, such as a traditional RPG slime monster, or alternatively a snake or detailed tail animation?
R = you have to make an animation character that looks gelatinous, as through the program you have to create a mass that looks translucent so that it can simulate that the character does not have bones, because if you make it a solid object we would be losing the effect that the character is gelatinous that is supported without bones.
where does photosynthesis occur in the biosphere
Answers
Answer:
In producers
Explanation: