Removal of which of the following organ would least affect the body?
a. liver
b. colon
c. gall bladder
d. pancreas
e. stomach

The nervous system is one of the most important elements for our existence and survival, since it allows the management, organization and functioning of the rest of the corporal systems.

The synapse is a communication mechanism that occurs between two or more neurons in order to massively transmit a nerve impulse in order to coordinate a function in the organism.

The Chemical Synapse is the type of major synapse in our body. In these synapses the information is transmitted chemically, through the sending by the presynaptic neuron of different neurotransmitters that the postsynaptic neuron captures through different receptors, whose action generates an alteration in the form of excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potential that may end or not with the generation of an action potencial by the postsynaptic neuron. They are versatile synapses, since some neurons can inhibit the action of others depending on what is activated. There is no physical contact between both neurons.

Answer:

Vasoconstriction

Explanation:

Vasoconstriction is a process in which blood vessels get narrowed or get constricted by the activities of small muscles present in the wall of the blood vessels. When blood vessels constrict, the flow of blood flow is slow down. This process is to conserve body heat. Thus, by vasoconstriction does not help the animal body to lower the increased body temperature. Whereas vasodilation, sweating, and panting lower body temperature if an animal’s body temperature exceeds the set point.

melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and its main function is to regulate sleep rhythm (circadian rhythm)

Answer:

176m.u.

Explanation:

Map distance can be calculated by the following formula:

Map distance = [tex]\frac{\text{Recombinant off spring}}{\text{total number of offspring}}\times 1000[/tex]

Recombinant offsprings are redeyes, miniature wings + white eyes, long wings.

Recombinant offspring = 40 + 48

=88.

Total number of offspring = 204 + 208 + 40 + 48

= 500

Map distance = [tex]\frac{88}{500}\times1000[/tex]

Map distance = 176 m.u.

The map distance between two genes is 176 m.u.

Answer:

The answer is A muscilar dystrophy

Explanation:

Progressive muscular dystrophy, which shows the patient by the symptoms that were manifested from three years of age and who started with walking on his toes and the difficulty in raising the legs accompanied by progressive weakness confirm this diagnosis worsening his clinical manifestation at nine years of age, where there is a marked skeletal muscle deformity that makes the use of a wheelchair necessary. we can discard miestemia gravis and multiple scoliosis because they are not pathologies of this age group, polio in turn is a contagious infectious disease that is eradicated in much of the world, mostly in developed countries thanks to the vaccine.

The most likely cause of the described symptoms is Muscular dystrophy.

The disorder that is most likely the cause of the described symptoms is Muscular dystrophy. Muscular dystrophy is a genetic disorder that causes progressive weakness and degeneration of the muscles. The symptoms described, such as walking on toes, waddling gait, frequent falls, difficulty in getting up, and difficulty in lifting knees, are characteristic of muscular dystrophy.

The other disorders can be eliminated:

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Answer:

Interneurons enable the communication between afferent and efferent neurons.  

Explanation:

Internerons are also known as relay neuron. These neurons are classified into local neuron and relay neuron. Interneurons are involved in the process of reflex action and neurogenesis.

Interneurons are known to create neural circuits between the afferent and efferent neuron. This circuit helps in communication and transfer the information between afferent and efferent neurons.

Answer:

High diastolic pressure can leads to kidney damage, vision less and chronic renal failure.

Explanation:

Diastolic pressure may be defined as the blood pressure in the arteries when the heart is completely filled. When the blood pressure is measured the lower value of blood pressure indicates the diastolic blood pressure.

Different problems associated with high diastolic pressure are:

Kidney damage: The high blood pressure can cause the narrow areteies around the kidney and may result in kidney damage.

Vision less: The blood vessel may damage in high diastolic pressure that may hinder the blood flow in the retina and results in vision less.

Chronic renal failure: High diastolic pressure damages the renal artery and causes chronic renal failure in an individual.

Answer: Middle Ear

Explanation:

Ear is one of the most important part of human body by which an individual is able to hear sounds. It also helps in maintaining pressure inside body.

The Eustachian tube found inside the ear is a canal which is connects middle ear to the nasopharynx. This area consists of back of nasal cavity and the upper throat.

Its main function is to control the pressure within the middle ear, making it equal to the pressure outside the body.

Hence, the correct answer is option A

The middle ear, connected to the throat via the Eustachian tube, would be the first part of the ear affected when a throat infection spreads.

When Mina's throat infection spread to her ear, it would have likely first affected the middle ear. The middle ear is the section of the ear directly connected to the throat via the Eustachian tube. It's this connection that enables bacteria or viruses causing throat infections to potentially move up to the ear. Common conditions such as otitis media, an infection of the middle ear, often occur as a result of an infection spreading from the throat.

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Answer:

Option (1).

Explanation:

Saturated fatty acid may be defined as the fatty acid with the single bonds between the carbon atoms. The unsaturated fatty acid consist of double and triple bond in its structure.

The melting points differs between the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acids have high difference in their melting point and this difference may changes as the double and triple bonds are increased or decreased in the fatty acid structure.

Thus, the correct answer is option (1).

Answer:

show the statements

Explanation:

This is the washing away of the topsoil (including agricultural chemicals applied in the soil) by surface runoffs into rivers and water bodies after precipitation.

Agricultural runoff can be prevented by adopting good farming management practices such as rotation farming to prevent loosening the topsoil such that it is easily eroded by runoffs. It can also be done by avoiding farming in floodway zones such as in the banks of rivers.

Agricultural runoff is water carrying pollutants like fertilizers from farmlands to water bodies, leading to eutrophication and 'dead zones'. To prevent this, farmers can use buffer strips and contour farming methods.

Agricultural runoff refers to water that collects and carries away various pollutants from agricultural lands into lakes, rivers, and oceans. This runoff can include excess fertilizers, containing nitrogen and phosphorus, which leads to eutrophication. Eutrophication is a process where excess nutrients stimulate excessive plant and algae growth, which, when they die and decompose, increase the biochemical oxygen demand. This process can eventually create 'dead zones' in water bodies where aquatic life cannot survive due to lack of oxygen. To prevent agricultural runoff, farmers can employ several strategies. One example is the use of buffer strips, which are areas of vegetation planted between farmlands and waterways that act as a filter for pollutants. Another method is the implementation of contour farming, where crops are planted across the slope of the land, which helps to reduce erosion and runoff.

Answer: e. accumulation of deleterious mutations in asexual lineages.

Explanation:

Muller's ratchet is a process of deleterious mutation accumulation that can drive to the extermination of a population of asexuals. This Ratched would ultimately create a vicious cycle of mutation accumulation that would lead to a population decline and finally pushes an entire population to extinction, which is called mutational meltdown. Muller’s Ratchet has been invoked to explain the evolution of sex, the extinction of small populations, the accelerated rate of evolution of endosymbiotic bacteria, the degeneration of Y-chromosomes, and cancer progression

Answer:

Botulinum is a toxin that can be used to cure wrinkles in human beings by injecting it in very small concentrations and it works in preventing the signals from the nerve cells to muscles and thus paralyzing them by stopping wrinkle formation.

Wrinkles are caused by the contraction of muscles and this neurotransmitter does not allows the muscles to contract. In order to contract nerves release a chemical messenger called as acetycholine. This neurotransmitter is found at the junction where the nerve cell reaches the muscle cell. This causes contraction of muscles.

Injecting botulinum prevents the release of acetylcholine which prevents the contraction of muscle, causing reduction in wrinkles and muscles become stiff.

Answer:

A) [tex]2.150 * 10^{22}[/tex]

B) 1.57 grams

Explanation:

Given -

Amount of gas exhaled in one single breathe [tex]= 0.080[/tex] liters

[tex]22.4[/tex] liter of carbon dioxide contains [tex]6.022 * 10^{23}[/tex] molecules

One liter of carbon dioxide contains [tex]= \frac{6.022*10^{23}}{22.4}\\= 2.688 * 10^{23}[/tex]

A) Number of molecules in [tex]0.08[/tex] liter of carbon dioxide [tex]= 0.08 * 2.688 * 10^{23}\\= 2.150 * 10^{22}[/tex]

B) Mass of [tex]6.022 * 10^{23}[/tex] molecules is equal to [tex]44[/tex] grams

Mass of one molecule [tex]= \frac{44}{6.022*10^{23}} \\= 7.306*10^{-23}\\[/tex]

Mass of molecule is[tex][tex]7.306*10^{-23} * 2.150 * 10^{22}\\= 1.57\\[/tex][/tex]  gram

Taking into account the rule of three:

In first place, the rule of three is a way of solving problems of proportionality between three known values and an unknown value, establishing a relationship of proportionality between all of them.

That is, what is intended with it is to find the fourth term of a proportion knowing the other three.  

If the relationship between the magnitudes is direct, that is, when one magnitude increases, so does the other (or when one magnitude decreases, so does the other) , the direct rule of three must be applied.

To solve a direct rule of three, the following formula must be followed, being a, b and c known data and x the variable to be calculated:

a ⇒ b

c ⇒ x

So: [tex]x=\frac{cxb}{a}[/tex]

To find the number of carbon dioxide molecules, you know that 22.4 liters of CO₂ contain 6.022×10²³ molecules.

If you exhale about 0.0800 liters of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) gas in a single breath, you can aply the following rule of three: if 22.4 liters of CO₂ contain 6.022×10²³ molecules, 0.0800 liters contain how many molecules?

[tex]amount of molecules=\frac{0.0800 litersx6.022x10^{23} molecules}{22.4 liters}[/tex]

amount of molecules= 2.15×10²¹

Finally, the number of carbon dioxide molecules you exhale in each breath is 2.15×10²¹.

To find the mass of the CO₂, you know that 6.022×10²³ molecules have a mass of 44.0 grams.

If you exhale about 2.15×10²¹ molecules of CO₂ (carbon dioxide) gas in a single breath, you can aply the following rule of three: if 6.022×10²³ molecules have a mass of 44.0 grams, 2.15×10²¹ molecules contain how much mass?

[tex]mass=\frac{2.15x10^{21}moleculesx44 grams }{6.022x10^{23} molecules}[/tex]

mass= 0.157 grams

Finally, the mass of the CO₂ you exhale in a single breath is 0.157 grams.

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Answer:

Veins

Explanation:

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the veins.

Blood returning from the pulmonary circuit enters the heart at the left atrium.

This is a part of the circulatory system process that helps deliver oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body.

Blood returning to the heart from the pulmonary circuit first enters the left atrium.

The blood travels from the lungs, where oxygen has just been absorbed and carbon dioxide has been expelled, through the pulmonary veins and into the left atrium.

Ultimately, the oxygen-rich blood will be pumped to the rest of the body.

This process is part of the circulatory system, which delivers nutrients and oxygen to cells and removes waste products.

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Answer:

Rupture of the cell, releasing cytoplasmic contents.

Explanation:

Rupture of the cell to release the cell content into the intercellular space occurs in necrosis. This event does not occur in apoptosis. Release of the cell content into the intercellular space in necrosis results in stimulation of inflammatory response. Apoptosis does not include inflammatory reaction and hence, the cells do not rupture to release their content.

Answer:

There will be [tex]50[/tex]% chances of occurrence of a  homozygous recessive progeny

Explanation:

Complete dominance is a situation in which the trait which is considered as dominant overshadow the trait represented by recessive allele.

Hence Q will always over dominate q

Thus, when next time a cross is carried out between homozygous recessive individual (qq) and heterozygous individual (Qq), the following offspring will be produced-

q q

Q Qq Qq

q qq qq

Thus, as we can see out of four offspring , two have homozygous recessive progeny i.e qq

Hence, the chances of occurence of a  homozygous recessive progeny again is equal to

[tex]\frac{2}{4} * 100\\= 50[/tex]%

Answer:

mRNA

Explanation:

The messenger RNA also called mRNA is the type of RNA that serves to carry the genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm. The mRNA is formed by the process of transcription using the DNA template strand.

The mature mRNA enters the cytoplasm and joins with the ribosome. The nucleotide sequence of mRNA is translated into the amino acids sequence of polypeptides. The nucleotide sequence of mRNA is read in the form of triplet genetic codes by tRNA.  

Answer:

The correct option is : A. the most reproductively successful in an environment.

Explanation:

The phrase ''survival of the fittest" originated from the evolution theory given by Darwin. In the Darwin's theory of Evolution, this phrase was used to describe the process of natural selection, which defines the concept of fitness as the reproductive success. Therefore according to this theory, the species which will leave the most copies of itself in the successive generations will survive.

Therefore, the term “survival of the fittest” refers to the most reproductively successful in an environment.

The term “survival of the fittest” refers to individuals who are most reproductively successful in an environment, highlighting the essence of natural selection as the mechanism by which species evolve. Therefore, the correct answer is A. the most reproductively successful in an environment.

The term “survival of the fittest” does not imply that only the physically strongest or largest survive, but rather refers to those more reproductively successful due to traits that confer survival advantages in their environment. Natural selection, another term for “survival of the fittest,” operates when individuals with beneficial traits are more likely to reproduce and pass those traits to future generations. This evolutionary mechanism is central to the theory of evolution, elaborating on how species adapt over time through the differential survival and reproduction of individuals.

It's essential to understand that the 'fittest' in this context is about reproductive success and the ability to pass on advantageous traits that increase an organism's chances of survival, not necessarily brute strength or speed. A classic example is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria; those with genetic mutations that resist antibiotics are more likely to survive and reproduce, spreading this trait within the population.

Answer: The brain stem is a terminology used to refer collectively to the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.

Explanation:

The midbrain is composed primarily of the optic lobes, which receive and process visual information it is responsible for reflexes involving eyes and ears. Pons is responsible for the reticular activating system and visceral control. The Medulla Oblongata is responsible for the sensory nuclei, reticular activating system, and visceral control.

Answer:

Isotopes

Explanation:

Atoms of the same element sometimes have different forms just as we have plants of the same species having different varieties. These atoms usually have the same number of protons in their nuclei but different number of neutrons. They are referred to as isotopes.

A good example of atoms of the same element having different number of neutrons is [tex]^1^4C[/tex] and [tex]^1^2C[/tex]. Both atoms have 6 protons but while the latter has 6 neutrons, the former has 8 neutrons.

Valence electrons, orbits and radiation do not come close as atoms of the same elements with different neutrons.

The correct answer is Isotopes.

Answer:

The correct answer is The autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Explanation:

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls the internal region of the human body. This type of nervous system takes information to the central nervous system which controls the internal parts like the gut, the heart by releasing noradrenaline and adrenalin from the adrenal gland and other.

The ANS has 2 divisions which are the parasympathetic division and the sympathetic division -

The sympathetic division can be defined as stress neurons or fight or flight neurons because it makes the body ready to prevent it from the impact of the injury.

The parasympathetic division function to recover and replace the activities of living. It has an antagonist effect in comparison to what sympathetic division does.

Thus, The correct answer is The autonomic nervous system (ANS).

Final answer:

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are parts of the autonomic nervous system, which helps regulate the body's involuntary functions, maintaining homeostasis.

Explanation:

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems are divisions of the autonomic nervous system, which is a part of the peripheral nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the body's "fight-or-flight" response during stressful situations, whereas the parasympathetic nervous system promotes the "rest-and-digest" state during times of calm. These systems work together to maintain the body's homeostasis, or internal balance, by regulating internal organ function and processes.

Answer:

The answer to the question: Class II MHC proteins are found on which of the following cell types, would be: on macrophages and lymphocytes, particularly T-Cells.

Explanation:

MHC, or Major histocompatibility complex, is a very important part of the immune response that the body gives against an invading pathogen, or other foreign substances. There are three types in the human body, Class I, Class II and Class III and each of them will play a role on the cellular membrance of different types of cells and mediate different types of responses. In the human body, this histocompatibility complex is best known as HLA, or human leukocyte antigen, and it will ensure the recognition, or non-recognition of substances, tissues, and other organisms, by the human immune system. Class II, as mentioned before, are most usually found on the immune cells macrophages and lymphocytes, and they are the ones responsible for presenting antigens to these proteinic antibodies so that the immune cells can initiate a proper immune response.

Class II MHC proteins are present on professional antigen-presenting cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.

Class II MHC proteins are found on a specific group of cells within the immune system known as professional antigen-presenting cells. These include macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells. Unlike MHC I molecules that are found on all nucleated cells, MHC II molecules play a crucial role in the adaptive immune response by presenting abnormal or nonself pathogen antigens to T cells, leading to their activation.

Answer:

Renal cortex

Explanation:

The renal medulla of a kidney is surrounded by renal cortex. The renal cortex is the granulated layer. It is the renal cortex in which the renal corpuscle (glomerulus and Bowman's capsule) are present. The renal cortex is reddish brown in color. This is due to the fact that most of the renal arteries deliver the blood to the cortex.

The best indicator of one's ability to keep a high-intensity aerobic exercise is Maximal oxygen debt thus option A is correct.

The maximum actuated oxygen deficit is the measurement for the capacity for the anaerobic oxygen that is uptake. This refers to the predicted demand for the oxygen and the oxygen uptake measured during the extensive exercise. It is available for oxidative metabolism and develops at the time of intensive body activity.

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Answer:

the answer is the epithelial plates.

Explanation:

this plate allows height and hardens at the age of around 17-20 years old when the youth is done growing.

Answer: A. glomerulus.  

Explanation:

Each kidney has about 1 million nephrons, the urine-forming unit, and each nephron is made up of a glomerulus (capillaries walls) and renal tubules. The glomerular is constituted by the capillaries walls, which branch out and form a network, covered by the Bowman's capsule that retains the liquid, and begin to form a sequence of tubes.

The blood reaches the kidneys through the renal artery, which branches into the afferent arterioles that attach to the glomerular capillaries (where blood is filtrated), then form the efferent arteriole, which again becomes capillaries - the peritubular capillaries, which surrounds the renal tubules.

Answer:

2) JG cells are present in the vasa recta.

Explanation:

The vasa recta is a web of the blood capillary which supply blood to the medulla region of a kidney due to its high permeability of solutes and water. It runs parallel to the loop of Henle. It does not composed of the  juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells). The juxtaglomerular cells (JG cells) present in kidney which synthesise and stores enzyme renin. Thus, option 2) JG cells are present in the vasa recta is not a true statement.  

Answer:

strength

Explanation:

Skeletal system of the human body has 206 bones. Human skeleton is divided into appendicular skeleton and axial skeleton.

The skeletal system provide support to the other parts of body, chemicals like calcium are stored in the skeletal system and red bone marrow is the site of hematopoiesis. The skeletal system doesnot provide strength because muscles are mainly involved in providing strength to the body.

Thus, the correct answer is option (3).

Answer: b. the work rate or oxygen uptake where there is a systematic rise in blood levels of lactic acid

Explanation:

Currently, the anaerobic threshold is one of the most commonly used parameters, both as an indicator of physical performance capacity and training prescription, and there is evidence that performance in continuous and prolonged exercises correlates better with the anaerobic threshold than with maximum aerobic power. The anaerobic threshold can be understood as the point of imbalance between lactate production and removal (blood lactate threshold).