Final answer:
Ryan demonstrates learning through operant conditioning, where his good manners are positively reinforced with a pat on the back, encouraging him to continue exhibiting those behaviors.
Explanation:
Ryan, a five-year-old boy, who receives a pat on the back every time he says "please" or "thank you," demonstrates learning through operant conditioning. In this scenario, the pat on the back acts as a form of positive reinforcement, which encourages Ryan to use good manners as often as possible. This method of learning is part of the behavioral psychology theory that suggests behaviors can be learned by associating actions with rewards or punishments. The concept, largely developed by B.F. Skinner, shows how behaviors can be reinforced to increase their occurrence, similar to how students might be motivated to study harder for tests by the promise of good grades as a reward.
Social problems in the united states such as poverty and gender inequality are
Final answer:
Poverty and gender inequality in the United States have significant impacts on society. Poverty creates a cycle of underdevelopment and can lead to social unrest and instability. Gender inequality disproportionately affects women and limits their access to resources and opportunities.
Explanation:
The social problems of poverty and gender inequality in the United States have significant impacts on society. Poverty, which affects a large percentage of the population, creates a cycle of underdevelopment and can lead to social unrest and political instability. Gender inequality, often referred to as the feminization of poverty, disproportionately affects women and girls, limiting their access to essential resources and opportunities.
Which theory emphasizes that personal expectations and motivations influence the level of absolute thresholds?
a. place theory
b. opponent-process theory
c. bottom-up theory
d. signal detection theory
e. frequency theory?
Which of these scenarios best represents the schachter-singer theory of emotions?
Tommy was at the park with his father and excitedly pointed to a squirrel and exclaimed, "kitty, kitty." his father pointed out that this was a squirrel, not a kitty. tommy's labeling of the animal best illustrates the process of:
When you use communication strategies to influence others' perceptions of you, you are engaging in __________?
Answer: Identity management.
Explanation:
Identity Management refers to the communication strategies that people use to influence how others view them. This theory points the diverse ways we present ourselves in different contexts. People choose a distinct communication behavior to influence how others perceive them.
Identity Management can be intentional or unconscious, and it varies by situation.
Zeno tried to train his potbellied pig to pick up the newspaper on the doorstep and bring it into the house. however, the pig pushed the paper with his snout into the garden, even though this behavior would not be rewarded. it appears that zeno's attempt to operantly condition his pig has been subject to:
Critics of evolutionary psychology are most likely to suggest that it underestimates the
The sources of american criminal procedure law include:
How did the American Space Program look and feel as compared to the Soviet Space Program?
Research on memory construction indicates that memories of past experiences are likely to be:
The correct answer is that, it is likely to be distorted by one’s current assumptions. It is because the individual’s assumptions are likely to affect a person’s decisions and the memories that they uphold as this is a process in which an individual accepts a certain thing to be true even if there is no evidence that will hold it to be true.
Memories are not fixed or infallible; they are reconstructed each time they are recalled, and this reconstruction can be influenced by numerous factors, including new information,
Memory construction is a complex process that involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Research in cognitive psychology and neuroscience has shown that our memories are not static recordings of past events; instead, they are dynamic mental constructions that can be influenced by various factors.
When we encode a memory, we do not capture every detail of the experience. Instead, we focus on certain aspects that seem most relevant or meaningful at the time. This selective attention means that from the outset, our memory is an incomplete representation of what actually happened.
Once stored, memories can be altered or influenced by subsequent experiences and information. Each time a memory is retrieved, it is potentially subject to modification based on the current context or new knowledge. This is known as retroactive interference. For example, if you learn new information after an event, it can alter your memory of that event.
Additionally, the act of recall itself can change a memory. When we remember something, we are not simply playing back a recording; we are reconstructing the memory based on the available cues and context. This can lead to errors or distortions in the memory. For instance, if you are asked leading questions about an event, your memory of that event can become distorted to align with the suggestions in the questions, a phenomenon known as the misinformation effect.
Furthermore, our emotional state and biases can also shape our memories. Emotional arousal can enhance the memory of central details while diminishing the memory of peripheral details. Our beliefs, expectations, and motivations can also influence how we encode and later recall memories.
The retrieval context, emotional states, and cognitive biases. This understanding of memory as a reconstructive process is supported by a substantial body of research in psychology and neuroscience.
The principal promoter of European economic unity was:
Mikhail Gorbachev
Jean Monnet
Boris Yeltsin
Robert Schuman
The developmental stage of adolescence is likely to be briefest in cultures where teens are select one:
a. egocentric.
b. seldom married.
c. experiencing role confusion.
d. financially self-supporting.
Compare and contrast the behavior of the white spectators to that of the black spectators
Behavior of white and black spectators historically showed the impact of stereotypes on performance and interaction, with sports events like baseball helping reduce racial prejudice. Stereotypes influenced performances in controlled experiments. Civic engagement showed differences in how white and black Americans participate in society.
Explanation:The behavior of white and black spectators in historical contexts often reflected the prevailing attitudes and stereotypes of the time. Instances from sports and social experiments show how biases and stereotypes influenced performances and interactions among different racial groups. For example, experiments by Jeff Stone demonstrated how framing a task (mini-golf) as measuring raw athletic ability vs. spatial geometry could influence performance based on racial stereotypes, leading to black players outperforming white players under the athletic condition and the reverse under the spatial condition. Furthermore, during the 1920s, baseball games were a venue where both black and white spectators coexisted peacefully, cheering on their favorite teams, which, according to the Kansas City Call, helped to break down racial prejudices. However, barriers remained, as evidenced by strategies to prevent black fans from attending certain games by raising gate prices. Conversely, when focusing on civic engagement, white Americans were more likely to contact public officials and join political organizations, while black citizens were more involved in election campaigns and social movements, indicating differences in how each group engages with societal and political structures.
"_____ is a feature of political systems in which laws permit individuals to recover damages done to them by the actions of others."
The correct answer is liability. This is defined as a state of having to have a responsibility that is directed against a person or a thing or that the person is likely to be legally obligated to a particular thing. When explained as a law, this is concerned with both civil and criminal law that may arise from various areas such example are contracts, and fines.
The difference between a person's ascribed status and his or her achieved status is measured in terms of his or her:
Answer: Nature and development over time
Explanation:
Ascribed status is the social status a person is assigned at birth or assumed involuntarily later in life. It is a position that is neither earned nor chosen but assigned. These positions are occupied regardless of efforts or desires.
The factors that determine ascribed status are age, kinship, sex, appearance, race and social group.
While, achieved status is a social position a person takes on voluntarily that reflects both personal ability and merit. Individual's occupation falsl under the category of an achieved status; Eg , an Engineer, Doctor, Lawyer. It reflects personal skills, abilities, and efforts.
Ascribed status is a social position a person is born into or receives involuntarily, while achieved status is a social position a person earns or chooses. The difference between the two is not measurable but lies in whether the position was involuntarily assigned or earned.
Explanation:The difference between a person's ascribed status and achieved status is not something that can be simply measured, as both terms refer to different types of social positions one can hold in society. An ascribed status is a social position a person is born into or receives involuntarily, such as gender, race, or the social class of their parents. On the other hand, an achieved status refers to a social position that a person earns or chooses, often through their own efforts, skills or accomplishments, like becoming a doctor or a musician.
So, the difference between the two is not something quantifiable or measurable, but instead, it lies in whether the position was involuntarily given (ascribed) or earned (achieved).
Learn more about Ascribed and Achieved Status here:https://brainly.com/question/32218325
#SPJ6
Jack was found sleeping on a park bench. when awakened by a police officer, he could not remember who he was or where he lived. later, investigators discovered that jack's wife had left him the night before after a violent fight in which he tried to attack her. jack insists that he has no memories of the dispute with his wife or even of having been married. jack is probably suffering from:
Answer:
The correct answer for the exercise: Jack was found sleeping on a park bench. when awakened by a police officer, he could not remember who he was or where he lived. later, investigators discovered that jack's wife had left him the night before after a violent fight in which he tried to attack her. jack insists that he has no memories of the dispute with his wife or even of having been married. jack is probably suffering from: Is: dissociative amnesia.
Explanation:
To understand this answer we have to remember some concepts. First of all, amnesia is the disorder in which a person forgets a certain amount of information, but this information is about his past life. Now, dissociative disorders are a very interesting type of disorder in which a person creates a personality fraction or separation. Creating a personality that will make him or her ability to survive the distress or frustration of a very high distress situation. In other words, they create a personality in which they can deal with that situation because their regular personality can't confront that specific situation. Then, this disassociation makes their regular personality to not be the active personality in that situation, making it incapable of remembering the events. In this case that is what Jack did.
Until the early 1990s, not all people in South Africa were allowed to be participate in government. Political offices were filled only by white South Africans, either Afrikaners or those of English ancestry. This changed, however, in 1994 when Nelson Mandela was elected president in an election open to all the people of South Africa.
This passage helps to illustrate that, until 1994, South Africa's government could be classified as
A) a democracy.
B) an oligarchy.
C) an autocracy.
D) a federation.
Answer:
B) an oligarchy.
An oligarchy is defined as "a form of power structure in which power rests with a small number of people."
Which action could cause cross-contamination in a self-service area?
Cross-contamination in a self-service area may happen when there is bacteria on a kitchen that transfers to the food through direct contact. Usually in the culinary arts, the most common kitchen tools that tend to be cross contaminated is a knife or a cutting board. In fact it is not just bacteria that gets carried or transferred from one place to another but it could also be a virus or toxin of some kind or even a cleaning product but whatever it is, if it happens to come contact with someone’s food this is considered a cause for a cross-contamination.
Cross-contamination in a self-service area can occur due to various actions such as
Improper handling of utensilsShared serving utensilsWhich action could cause cross-contamination in a self-service area?\When customers use utensils like tongs, spoons, or ladles to serve themselves, they might accidentally touch many food items or surfaces without cleaning them between each touch. This can happen when bacteria or other harmful germs from one food can spread to another, which can make people sick.
If people use the same serving utensils without cleaning them, it can cause germs to spread between them.
Read more about cross-contamination here:
https://brainly.com/question/465199
#SPJ6
Research on gender differences in emotion suggests that _____ may be slightly more emotional, and _____ may be relatively more willing to report and discuss their feelings. (, men; men ) ( men; women) ( women; men) (women; women)
The process through which the independent variable creates changes in a dependent variable is known as a/an:
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS OF INDIA
Answer:
there are 6 fundamental rights that constitution give -: Right to Equality Right to freedom Right against exploitation Right to freedom of religion cultural and educational rights Right to constitutional remedies1 -: Right to Equality
during the British rule the caste system and untouchability had further that gap between the people the Constitution that all citizens will be equally protected by the law of the country
2 -: Right to freedom
right to freedom include freedom of speech and expression freedom to assemble peacefully without arms freedom to form association and unions throughout the country
3 -: Right against exploitation
it is a known fact that they were and weaker section of the society have been subject to exploitation by the apple and powerful section the right against exploitation to protect citizens from being forced to work against their wishes
4 -; Right to freedom of religion
the freedom to follow any religion of their choice to practice it according to the in law and choice and freedom to preach it's our religion are equal before law and in the country there is no such thing as state religion the only restriction on the right that follower of religion should Marion of downgrade any other religion
5 -; cultural and educational
mineority is based on religion as well as language have the right to stablished and administrator educational institution
6 -; Right to constitutional remediesthe fundamental rights are justice available the right to constitutional remedies in everlast citizen whose fundamental rights have been violated to appeal to the codicote have the power to issue rights order to the Government of any other organisation tourist store citizen fundamental right
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS-:besides India other democratic constitution also contain a fundamental right they are basic human right and everyone should enjoy these right fundamental rights protect to people against and absolute exercise of power by state the court has power to a fundamental rights India in the world largest democratic country
IT'S IMPORTANCE-: ensure all such freedom to an individual which make his life happy and worth living provide equal status and opportunity to every citizen while these six rights has been granted by our constitution these rights can be suspended temporarily when the president declared in emergency in the country in situation of War for some internal disturbance Express the rights of life and liberty the president can take away all these are right temporally the rights are restored as soon as the emergency is overWhich term refers to a form of collective social behavior that persists over a long period and gradually finds place as a tradition in society?
a. law
b. custom
c. conformity
d. deviance
How has cultural conflict shaped the political boundaries of the western balkans?
How to deal with the social changes to encounter any negative impact on my success as a student/an employee?
Receiving negative impact or feedback is never been easy no matter what stage of your career you are in. It is apparently natural to get defensive or upset but the truth is, encountering negative feedback or impact is always been an incredible opportunity to show your capability for learning and growth. Thus, most likely an employee who is able to take negative feedback/impact on her/his success and act on it will likely be more valuable than those employee who in the first place had never take risk. The best way to deal it is to stay calm and stay focus and try to ask few basic questions to show that you are genuinely interested in resolving any perceived problems.
It is important to neglect what others are saying and focus on one's goal when dealing with the social change.
What is social change?It should be noted that social change simply means the interaction and relationship that changes a cultural institution.
In this case, it's important to neglect what others are saying and focus on one's goal when dealing with the social change that is negative.
Learn more about social change on:
https://brainly.com/question/13391889
Anthropologists studying female circumcision might personally be horrified by the practice, but must also be able to suspend their own personal judgment in order to understand the beliefs and practices of others within their cultural context. what is this known as
Cultural relativism is the methodology used by anthropologists to suspend personal judgment when studying other cultures. It involves understanding the practices and beliefs from the perspective of the culture in question, allowing for an understanding of their complexities. However, it does raise moral dilemmas such as the need for a universal justice system addressing issues like gender inequality.
Explanation:The practice anthropologists undertake when they suspend personal judgment to understand another culture is called cultural relativism. This approach requires researchers to engage with practices and beliefs from the perspective of those within the culture, setting aside any preconceived notions or ethnocentric attitudes they may have. It does not condone harmful practices, rather allows for an insightful understanding of their context and meaning in their societies.
A case study of female genital cutting (FGC) serves as an example of cultural relativism application. Despite personal criticism against FGC, anthropologists like Shell-Duncan set aside such judgments to effectively study the complex social network supporting FGC, discovering that the practice was believed to be in the best interest of the girls involved. This exploration of cultural practices empowers anthropologists to make informed suggestions on interventions such as shifting the focus from mothers to the entire supporting network in communities practicing FGC.
Despite the advantages of cultural relativism, it does raise moral issues like in the debate of Nussbaum who argues against relying solely on local traditions when assessing feminist issues. She believes in a universal justice system that respects cultural differences. This approach fosters cross-cultural empathy and has been instrumental in rethinking concepts such as family, sexuality, and race.
Learn more about Cultural Relativism here:https://brainly.com/question/29765134
#SPJ12
Which of the following is an example of a physical change? Water freezing into ice. A piece of wood burning A toy car rusting Zinc producing hydrogen gas when mixed with water.
Answer:water freezing into ice
Explanation:it changes from a solid to a liquid which changes its physical form:)
An example of a physical change is water freezing into ice. The correct option is A.
What are physical changes?The term “physical change” refers to a change in an object's appearance. When there is a change in the surroundings of the object, such as a rise in temperature or pressure, a physical change takes place.
When candles are burned, the wax melts, but as soon as the temperature drops, the wax hardens and solidifies once more. The matter comes in three different forms: solid, liquid, and gas. A solid turns into a liquid at a change in temperature, and eventually, a liquid turns into a gas at a rise in temperature.
The particles of a solid are close together, the particles of a liquid are spread apart, and the particles of a gas are extremely far apart. A substance's physical appearance changes as a result of particle distance.
Therefore, the correct option is A. Water freezing into ice.
To learn more about physical changes, refer to the link:
https://brainly.com/question/17931044
#SPJ3
Cozzolani's magnificat closes with a particular prayer of praise to god called the ______.
Cozzolani's Magnificat ends with the 'Gloria Patri', a hymn of praise to the Holy Trinity that is a standard conclusion to psalms and canticles in Christian worship.
Explanation:Cozzolani's Magnificat closes with a particular prayer of praise to God called the Gloria Patri. The Gloria Patri is a short hymn of praise to the Holy Trinity traditionally used in Christian liturgy; it is also known as the Lesser Doxology. This closing hymn is a customary way to end psalms and canticles during Christian worship and is significant in demonstrating the composer's devotion and adherence to liturgical tradition, particularly in the context of Vespers, where the Magnificat is typically sung.
The prayer of praise to God that closes Cozzolani's magnificat is called the Tedeum. The Tedeum is a hymn of thanksgiving and praise, often used in Christian worship services. It is traditionally attributed to Saints Ambrose and Augustine, and is often sung or recited as a part of liturgical celebrations.
Learn more about Gloria Patri here:https://brainly.com/question/12707972
#SPJ12
The unsocialized, spontaneous, self-interested component of personality and self-identity.
According to George Herbert Mead, the unsocialized, spontaneous, self-interested component of personality and self-identity is I.
Who is George Herbert Mead?
George Herbert Mead is an American philosopher who was influential in the establishment of Pragmatism as well as social psychology.
The self, according to Mead's conception, has two phases: "me" and "I."
The socialized component of the individual is referred to as the 'me.' The 'I' symbolizes the person's identity as a result of their reaction to the 'me.'
It implies that the unsocialized, spontaneous, self-interested component of personality and self-identity is I.
Learn more about who is George Herbert Mead here:
https://brainly.com/question/26520952
Sharon gives a thumbs-up to her little brother who has just scored in his school's basketball game. sharon is communicating by using an
Answer:
Sharon is communicating with the use of non-verbal communication. A non-verbal communication is a way of communicating to other people in means of using body languages, facial expression, posture, gesture and even eye contact in which Sharon illustrates above by gesturing his brother with a thumbs-up.
Read more on Brainly.com - https://brainly.com/question/8883687#readmore
Explanation:
Why are traffic circles considered safer than traditional intersections?
Traffic circles, also known as roundabouts, are considered safer than traditional intersections due to the organized flow of traffic, slower approach for vehicles, and enhanced pedestrian safety.
Explanation:Traffic circles, also known as roundabouts, are considered safer than traditional intersections for several reasons. First, traffic circles promote a more organized flow of traffic by requiring vehicles to enter and exit in a counterclockwise direction. This reduces the likelihood of high-speed and T-bone collisions that are common in traditional intersections. Second, traffic circles provide a slower and more controlled approach for vehicles, eliminating the need for abrupt stops and starts. This reduces the risk of rear-end collisions. Finally, traffic circles help enhance pedestrian safety by providing designated crosswalks and reducing conflict points between pedestrians and vehicles.
Learn more about Traffic circles safety here:https://brainly.com/question/31516986
#SPJ6