Sacha is 27 and her sister Malia is 16. They both enjoy espresso drinks and consume the same size and type of drink, but one of the sisters experiences greater physiological and behavioral effects than the other. Which sister has a greater response to caffeine, and why?

Answer:

A) Malia will have greater physiological and behavioral effects because she has yet not reach her adult weight.

Explanation:

Malia, who is 16 years old, is more likely to experience greater effects from caffeine due to a less developed metabolism and lower body tolerance compared to her sister Sacha, who is 27. Age, metabolism, and body composition play significant roles in caffeine sensitivity and processing.

The sister who is more likely to exhibit greater physiological and behavioral effects from consuming the same size and type of espresso drink is Malia, who is 16 years old. The main reason for this is rooted in human biology, particularly the fact that metabolism and body composition can significantly affect how caffeine is processed in the body. Younger individuals like Malia may not have fully developed these systems to the same extent as their older counterparts, leading to a higher sensitivity to caffeine.

Furthermore, due to Sacha being 27 years old, her body is more likely to have developed tolerance to caffeine if she is a regular consumer, which would reduce its effects. Age-related differences in body mass, metabolic rate, and liver enzyme activity also contribute to how caffeine affects individuals differently. It is important to consider that caffeine restrictions are commonly suggested for younger individuals, suggesting that their bodies are less prepared to handle caffeine's stimulating effects.

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(A) resistance
(B) exhaustion
(C) alarm reaction
(D) primary appraisal

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