Sadie was prescribed betaxolol ophthalmic drops by her ophthalmologist to treat her glaucoma. oral beta blockers should be avoided in patients who use ophthalmic beta blockers because:

Answers

Answer 1
Betaxolol belongs to the drug class of beta blockers wherein these drugs block the action of the beta adrenergic receptors in different organs, including the heart and the bronchial tissues. Oral beta blockers (i.e. Propranolol) must be avoided because there can be additive effects of the ophthalmic drops and the oral drug and may cause severe bradycardia (and/or asthma exacerbation, if the patient has asthma).
Answer 2

I believe the correct answer is that ophthalmic beta receptors are addictive and have drastic effects on the cardiac cells.

Explanation:

Both ophthalmic beta blockers and oral beta blockers target the beta receptors that can be found in the heart. They do not act antagonistic to one another and use of ophthalmic beta blockers concurrently with the oral beta blockers will multiply the effect of the drugs and the person will experience heart failure.

Further Explanation:

The human central nervous system is divided into the Central Nervous System which involves the brain and spinal cord and the Peripheral Nervous System that involves the rest of the body. The Peripheral Nervous System is further divided into the Somatic Nervous System and the Autonomous Nervous System (ANS). The ANS is controlled involuntarily by the brain and involves functions such as respiration and the cardiac rhythm including contraction and relaxation of blood vessels. The ANS has specific receptors that the CNS uses to produce the response and they include the α (alpha), β (beta) and D receptors. The beta receptors are usually divided into the beta 1 and 2. Beta 1 receptors are found exclusively on the heart and Beta 2 receptors are found on blood vessels and the bronchioles. Beta blockers bind to the two β1 and β2 blockers to produce an effect such as Betaxolol which is a cardioselective β1 blocker that lowers blood pressure by acting on the heart and slows the cardiac rhythm. Oral beta blockers will bind antagonistically to both β1 and β2 and binds to both heart receptors, blood vessels and the bronchioles. Using both oral and ophthalmic beta blockers will result in excessive antagonism and the heart will slow until it stops and the blood pressure will go down excessively and the lungs will also not function properly leading to hypoxia. The results will then prove to be fatal.

Level: College

Subject: Pharmacology

Topic: The Autonomous Nervous System

Sadie Was Prescribed Betaxolol Ophthalmic Drops By Her Ophthalmologist To Treat Her Glaucoma. Oral Beta

Related Questions

Theory 1 what caused the giraffe neck to become longer

Answers

fossils are found of giraffes with short necks.
Lamarck believed the giraffes stretched their necks and passed it to their offspring
necks grew longer due to stretching.
giraffes need long necks for food and evolution provided it to them

A membrane that allows only some materials to move in and out of the cell is _____.

permeable

semipermeable

rigid

bilayered

Answers

A membrane that allows only some materials to move in and out of the cell is semi permeable. A semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or artificial membrane that allows certain molecules or ions to move in and out of it by diffusion. The rate of passage depends on the permeability of the membrane to each solute and the pressure, concentration, and temperature of the molecules or solutes on each side.





the answer is semipermeable membrane. as the name suggests this membrane only allows certain molecules to pass in and out of the cell. Its selective in the materials that are allowed to pass through the membrane . While it allows water molecules to pass through the membrane other ions and molecules are selectively allowed.

Which two of these processes remove airborne CO2 from Earth’s atmosphere?

1. photosynthesis
2. respiration
3. carbon sequestration
4. burning fossil fuels

Answers

Photosynthesis and Carbon sequestration

Answer:

Photosynthesis and carbon sequestration

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a natural way of fixing carbon into the organic molecules and carbon sequestration is an active artificial method of removing the CO2 gas from the atmosphere and store it in the reservoirs.

Which phrases describe both Jupiter and Saturn? Check all that apply. (atmosphere contains hydrogen and helium) (has 50 or more moons) (has a density less than that of water) (has multiple rings) (has fast winds and storms)

Answers

The right options are;  

(atmosphere contains hydrogen and helium)  

(has 50 or more moons)  

(has multiple rings)

Jupiter and Saturn are gas giants that are made of hydrogen and helium gas. Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, and it is about 1300 times larger than planet Earth. Saturn is the second-largest planet. Jupiter and Saturn are surrounded by thousands of rings, and their speed of rotation causes strong winds, and huge cloud bands. They also have many satellites. Jupiter has about 62 moons, while Saturn has more than 30 moons.




Answer:

a, b, and d

Explanation:

edge2021

Surprising new evidence has shown that, in some cases, environmental factors can modify chromosomes in such a way that changes the expression of genes without changing genes themselves or any part of the dna sequence. these modifications are called epigenetic effects. epigenetic effects can sometimes even be passed from generation to generation. in what way would this kind of "inheritance" be an exception to mendel's laws?

Answers

According to Mendel's law, the effects of our environment are not passed on to the next generation

(In classic Mendelian inheritance, environmental effects are not passed on to the next generation)

which type of wetland is constantly submerged in water and contains trees ?

Answers

A wetland refers to a different ecosystem, which is flooded by water, either seasonally or permanently, where the oxygen-free procedures exist. The main element, which separates wetlands from the other water bodies or landforms is the characteristic vegetation of aquatic plants, amended with the specific hydric soil.  

Swamp refers to a wetland ecosystem featured by mineral soils with poor drainage and by plant species dominated by trees. The swamps are found all through the world, most usually in low-lying regions with poor drainage adjacent to rivers that supply the swamp with water. Some of the swamps develop from marshes, which gradually fill in, permitting woody shrubs and trees to develop.  


... Swamp ... (Apex)

1, Explain the endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells in your own words.


2, Compare at least two characteristics of mitochondria to prokaryotic cells and explain how this relates to the endosymbiotic theory.

3. Describe an example of endosymbiosis that has been observed and documented.

Answers

The endosymbiotic theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells:  Possibly 2 or more prokaryotic cells are predecessors to modern day eukaryotic cells.Mitochondria contains ribosomes,and is responsible for its own reproduction. Ribosomes in mitochondria are similar in size to these small organelles found inside prokaryotic cells.This shows how parts of the eukaryotic cells relate to prokaryotic cells in regards to "the endosymbiotic theory".  Mitochondria is responsible for reproducing its self in the prokaryatic cell. The reproduction of organelles in a eukaryotic cell is controlled by the cell’s nucleus.  If the prokaryatic,or eukaryotic cell's mitochondria is removed, it cannot build new ones.This shows how parts of the eukaryotic cells relate to prokaryotic cells in regards to "the endosymbiotic theory"Professor Kwang Jeon discovered that the surviving amoebas, and their offspring, couldn't survive without the bacteria. This is similar to the endosymbotic theory. The host cell and the bacteria cell it ingested developed a beneficial existence. Overtime they lost the ability to live without each .This shows how cells become dependent on ingested,or invading cells.

1. The endosymbiotic theory proposes that eukaryotic cells, which are more complex than prokaryotic cells, originated through a mutually beneficial relationship between different types of simpler prokaryotic cells.

2. Characteristics of mitochondria that support the endosymbiotic theory include their similar size and shape to free-living prokaryotic cells, the presence of their own DNA (circular, like prokaryotic DNA), and the fact that mitochondria divide independently of the host cell.

3. An example of endosymbiosis that has been observed and documented is the relationship between certain corals and photosynthetic dinoflagellates called zooxanthellae. These dinoflagellates live inside the coral cells.

1. According to this theory, an ancestral eukaryotic cell engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells (likely a bacterium) and instead of digesting them, formed a symbiotic relationship. Over time, these engulfed cells became specialized organelles within the host cell, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, responsible for energy production and photosynthesis. This theory suggests that eukaryotic cells with their membrane-bound organelles, like the nucleus, evolved from this cooperative relationship between host and endosymbiont.

2. These characteristics suggest that mitochondria were once free-living aerobic bacteria that were engulfed by an ancestral host cell. Over time, they evolved into specialized organelles for energy production within the eukaryotic host cell, much like their bacterial ancestors.

3.The coral provides protection and a stable environment for the zooxanthellae, while the zooxanthellae carry out photosynthesis, providing the coral with nutrients. This mutualistic relationship enhances the coral's ability to survive in nutrient-poor waters and helps create the vibrant colors seen in coral reefs. This real-life example illustrates how endosymbiosis can lead to a mutually beneficial partnership between two different organisms, similar to the concept proposed in the endosymbiotic theory of eukaryotic cell origin.

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Vestibular senses, kinesthetic sense, and skins senses all make up:

Answers

Somesthetic Senses

There are three somesthetic senses, the skin, kinesthetic and vestibular senses. The skin is the organ that serves as protection against water loss and infectin. It transmits information like touch, pressure and temperature as it is collected by sensory receptors. 

kinesthetic sense- these tells about how our body is positioned or proprioception.  This transmit information based on the joint movement and how muscles are relaxed or contracted.

Vestibular Sense- the sense of balance. The main organs are the otolith and the semicircular canals in the ear.



The correct answer is Vestibular senses, kinesthetic sense, and skins senses all make up: Somesthetic senses  

Somesthetic senses are the sensation that is produced by the skin, joint, muscles, viscera and organs of balance. Merely looking at the word, the first part “soma” means body, esthetic, which is the second part, means feelings.

Further Explanation

We have three somesthetic sense system, they are the skin senses, the kinesthetic sense, and the vestibular senses

The skin senses: It plays the role of receiving and transmitting information from the outside into the central nervous system. The sensory receptors collect information about pressure, temperature, including pain. Simply put, the skin senses is the sensory systems used for processing touch, cold, pressure and pain.  

The kinesthetic senses: when your eyes are closed with your hand raised above your head, you surely know where hand is because there are receptors known as proprioceptors, which is responsible for telling you about joint movement or contracting. These special receptors are part of the body senses movement and tell you where your arms, hand, leg are located in relation to each other. This senses is known as kinesthetic senses. It is the senses of posture, muscle movement and strains on joint and muscle.

The vestibular sense simply refers to the sense of balance. This senses structure is present within the innermost chamber of the ear. Vestibular sense are structures in the air that tells you about the body position. Simply put, it refers to the senses of balance, acceleration and position in space.

LEARN MORE:

vestibular sense  https://brainly.com/question/2059296kinesthetic sense https://brainly.com/question/13100492skin senses https://brainly.com/question/4476845

KEYWORDS:

vestibular senseskinesthetic senseskins sensessense of touchsomesthetic sense

How does each snp affect the amino acid sequence of the insulin protein?

Answers

Now that you have identified the location and nucleotide change associated with each SNP, you must next determine how these changes in the gene sequence alter the amino acid sequence of the insulin precursor protein. The wild-type nucleotide sequence of the insulin cDNA is shown below (top line). Below each triplet of nucleotides is the amino acid specified by that codon. (Nucleotide numbers are blue, and amino acid numbers are red.)

Patient 1: T125G- Val- Gly- missense
Patient 2: G220A- Ala- Thr- missense
Patient 3: G164C- Arg- Pro- missense
Patient 4: C309G- Tyr- stop- missense

What problem did scientists have with getting podophyllotoxin from the Himalayan mayapple for cancer treatment?

Answers

the Himalayan mayapple is not an easy plant to get hold of. Yet we humans keep trying, because the poisonous plant also naturally produces podophyllotoxin, a preliminary compound in etoposide—classed as an essential medicine by the World Health Organization (WHO)

Which is not a temperature control?

Answers

the answer is nitrogen

Answer:

nitrogen

Explanation:

any factor that causes temperature to vary from time to time and place to place. how do the heating of the land and water differ? land heats much faster and to a higher temperature, and cools much faster and to a lower temperature.

Which is the end result of cytokinesis?

Answers

The splitting of two cells

Answer:

The end result of cytokinesis is one cell physically divides into two cells.

Explanation:

The process of the M- phase of cell division, by which 1 cell divides into 2 cells is the cytokinesis. Cytokinesis takes place after the karyokinesis. It normally follows nuclear doubling. It occurs in both mitosis or in meiosis.

Plant cell cytokinesis is different from the animal cytokinesis because of cell wall rigidity. Plant cells forming cleavage furrow, cell plate arises a double cell wall for both daughter cells. Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell division or cell cycle.

Thus, the end result of cytokinesis is one cell physically divides into two cells.

"receptors for polar molecules are found ____ while receptors for nonpolar molecules are located ____."

Answers

on the cell surface; within the cell :)

What is the greiss test? In forensic science?

Answers

It is to test for nitrates in a substance, mainly testing for explosive residues
Hello,

Here is your answer:

The proper answer to your question is that it is "used to detect the presence of nitrite ion in solution. This test is used widely for the detection of the ion solution".

If you need anymore help feel free to ask me!

Hope this helps!

Animals that have their body parts arranged around a central point are A. spherically symmetrical. B. bilaterally symmetrical. C. radially symmetrical. D. asymmetrical.

Answers

Animals that have their body parts arranged around a central point are RADIALLY SYMMETRICAL. 

The best selection appears to be option C.

Good luck :)
Final answer:

Animals with body parts arranged around a central point are radially symmetrical. This structure is common in species like starfish and jellies, where any slice through the central axis produces mirrored halves.

Explanation:

Animals that have their body parts arranged around a central point are C. radially symmetrical. This form of symmetry is common in several species, particularly those from the cnidaria and echinoderm group, which includes jellies and starfish, respectively. In radially symmetrical animals, any slice passing through the central axis will divide the organism into mirrored halves. Unlike bilateral symmetry (seen in humans, for instance), where only one plane can divide an organism into two virtually identical halves, radial symmetry allows for multiple planes of division.

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The growth of plants in some Arctic lakes has increased significantly in the past 150 years. Scientists attribute this increase in plant growth to the increase in surface air temperatures on Earth, also known as global warming. Which of the following best explains how global warming can cause an increase in plant growth in Arctic lakes?

Answers

I'm assuming there are options? I would go for one that follows the idea of warmer water = extended growth periods & a higher likelihood of seeds spread by traveling animals to take root.

Increasing air temperatures can cause an increase in the growing season of Arctic plants.

What is the role of ATP synthase in photosynthesis?

Answers

Answer:

It uses the potential energy of flowing hydrogen ions to make ATP

Explanation:

Answer: it uses potential energy of flowing hydrogen ions to make atp

Explanation:

The ____________ cells are found mostly in the proximal and distal regions of the stomach.

Answers

Mucous cells.

This cells primarily produce mucus and are frequently clustered into small glands found usually in the  mucus membranes. They commonly lines the proximal and distal portion of the digestive tract. Large number of this cell can found in the mouth which moisten and keep the oral cavity moist. Stomach also have large number of mucous cells which help to protect the organ from the gastric juices it produce.


The number of frogs in a swamp ecosystem increased sharply. Soon, the frogs exceeded the carrying capacity of the ecosystem. How will this situation affect the ecosystem?

Answers

Each time the frog population increases, they’re swamp will be decreasing. Resulting in lack of food due to too much frogs in one swamp.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

The frogs will have greater competition for resources.

The nurse finds that a patient has a blood pressure of 140/90 mm hg and has constricted bronchioles. which drug regimen will ensure the patient's safety?

Answers

There are choices for this question namely:

Carvedilol
Betaxolol
Acebutolol
Propranolol
Metoprolol

The correct answers are "betaxolol", "acebutolol",and "metoprolol". These drugs are from the class called beta blockers as they inhibition the action of beta receptors in the heart leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure. There are also beta receptors in the bronchial tree, an inhibition of which will lead to bronchoconstriction.

Betaxolol, acebutolol, and metoprolol are cardioselective beta blockers and only blocks the beta receptors located in the heart. Carvedilol and propranolol are non-selective beta blockers that can cause bronchoconstriction which is contraindicated in patients with asthma.

In northern Canada, a population of rabbits was predominantly white in color. The allele for white color is recessive (g), while the allele for gray color is dominant (G). Over the last several decades, the average annual temperature of this area has increased, and the long-term deposits of ice and snow have become scarce. We see the result of this change in the graph above. How would Hardy-Weinberg explain this change in terms of allelic frequency? A) No population can maintain equilibrium indefinitely. B) Random mating occurred among the rabbits and the allelic frequency was altered. C) Genetic variation existed. Natural selection occurred. Allelic frequencies changed. D) In a large population, mating is random, without mutations and the allelic frequency changes over time.

Answers

Its C: Genetic variation existed. Natural selection occurred. Allelic frequencies changed.

Answer:

The correct answer would be C) Genetic variation existed. Natural selection occurred. Allelic frequencies changed.  

Hardy-Weinberg law states that the allelic frequency of a population remains constant generations over generations in absence of evolutionary factors such as selective breeding, natural selection, genetic drift et cetera.

In the given scenario, natural selection has taken place due to the which the allelic frequency of a population changes over time.

In the original population, the allele frequency of g would be higher as it would have given the survival advantage when long-term ice deposits were used to present.

However, in absence of ice, the white fur would not be beneficial as it would be easily detected by predators.  

Thus, the allele frequency of g would decrease in a population and with the help of natural selection the allele frequency of G would increase in the population.

Thus, the allele frequency of a population changes as a result of natural selection.

What conditions created the numerous fossils that make up the Burgess Shale?

Answers

The answer is : Mudslides instantly buried marine organisms in sediment.

( I got this right on a quiz ) (^○^)

A 9-year-old child presents to a school nurse with complaints of arm and leg pain. upon assessment, the nurse identifies numerous purple to yellow ecchymotic areas. when asked, the child says that the bruises are the result of "being in trouble at home." which action by the nurse is most appropriate?

Answers

Answer: Contact the authorities immediately

The nurse should objectively document her assessment that entails description of physical findings of abuse in the medical record and she have a duty to report cases of actual or suspected abuse in the child to the authorities. In addition, the nurse must also provide appropriate treatment to the child like giving cold compress or pain reliever.

A cuticle occurs on the surface of organisms of many phyla and appears to be an advantageous feature. why have higher organisms not retained this structure?

Answers

While the cuticle has several advantages such as protection, they do not confer much advantage to larger eukaryotes. This is because of their limiting factor to growth (size). The cuticle would also restrict development of different skin structures such as fur.  Additionally, while the cuticle provides leverage for muscular movements on arthropods, nematodes, and flatworms, it is not necessary for larger animals since the same function is rendered by the endoskeleton.






how are the bones of the cranium held together?

Answers

The cranium bones are held together by fixed joints called sutures.

Hope this helps!

-Payshence xoxo

Through a process of _____, ADP is converted into ATP. dephosphorylation phosphorylation oxidation

Answers

Through a process of  phosphorylation, ADP is converted into ATP.

Answer:

Phosphorylation

Explanation:

Phosphorylation is one of the metabolic stages of cellular respiration. It happens only in the presence of oxygen (aerobic beings), which is necessary to oxidize intermediate molecules and participate in reactions to form the ATP molecule and produce energy.

In the early stages of cellular respiration (glycolysis and Krebs cycle), some of the energy produced in the breakdown of compounds is stored in intermediate molecules, coenzymes such as NAD + and FAD +.

This oxidation energy of coenzymes is used for ATP synthesis. For this occurs phosphorylation of ADP, ie it receives phosphate groups. This is why this process is called Oxidative Phosphorylation.

Describe the importance of zircon as an age-dating tool

Answers

Zircon is a zirconium silicate mineral which is ideal for use in age-dating. The importance of zircon as an age-dating tool include; its good hardness (which means makes it resistant to metamorphism, mechanical and chemical weathering), it is easy to chip, it undergoes radioactive decay and leads to damaged crystals, it is commonly found at many localities, and it has a very high lead versus uranium ratio which is used to determine the age of the rock.

Answer:

Explanation:

Zircon has large amount of Uranium and very restricted amount of lead. It is very essential in Uranium lead dating. The features which make it essential for U-Pb dating are as follows:

a) Zircon is very stable molecule and it is highly resistant to high temperature and pressure. Also it has the highest blocking temperature. It is chemically inert and is not affected by weathering

b) It has a special characteristics – if left at room temperature, radio dating can destroy its strong structure but when  exposed to high temperature the radio dating becomes self-annealing.  

In rails, what is the primary function of activerecord? (choose the best answer)

Answers

 a function of the pericardium is to: provide a barrier against extracardial infections. improve blood flow through the heart.
Final answer:

ActiveRecord in Rails is responsible for providing an ORM that allows developers to interact with the database using Ruby code. It simplifies database operations and eliminates the need to write SQL queries directly.

Explanation:

The primary function of ActiveRecord in Rails is to provide an Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) between the application code in Rails and the underlying relational database. It allows developers to interact with the database using Ruby code, without having to write SQL queries directly. ActiveRecord provides methods and conventions for creating, querying, updating, and deleting database records, making it easier to work with databases in Rails applications.

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Scientists observed a rock stratum with fossils. If mollusks evolved before arthropods, where will their fossils be found?

Answers

Answer:

Fossils of mollusks would be found in lower strata than that of arthropods

Explanation:

Fossils are found in different layers of sedimentary rocks. The fossils of organisms that evolved earlier are found in the lower strata while those evolved later are preserved as fossils in the upper strata.  If mollusks evolved before arthropods, fossils of arthropods would be present in upper layers while those of mollusks would be found in deeper layers.

If mollusks evolved before arthropods, their fossils would typically be found in older rock strata, deeper in the Earth's crust, relative to the rock strata containing arthropod fossils.

In the geological principle known as the Law of Superposition, it is generally accepted that in undisturbed rock layers, the older rocks are found at lower depths, and the younger rocks are found closer to the surface. This principle is fundamental to the study of stratigraphy and the dating of fossils within rock layers.

So, if scientists observe a rock stratum with fossils and they know that mollusks evolved before arthropods, they would expect to find mollusk fossils in rock layers that are deeper (older) than the rock layers containing arthropod fossils. This stratigraphic order aligns with the concept of relative dating in geology, where the sequence of fossil appearances in rock layers can provide insights into the order of evolutionary events.

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The finches of the Galápagos Islands changed over time as insects became more plentiful.

Answers

directional selection

Answer:

C) Directional selection

and here are the rest of the answers

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