A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. Stimuli can be internal like hunger or thirst, or external like change in temperature or light. An organism's evolutionary adaptations often determine its responses to these signals.
Explanation:A signal to which an organism responds is known as a stimulus. Stimuli can be external or internal. External stimuli include changes in the environment like temperature, light, or sound. Internal stimuli come from within the organism itself, such as hunger or thirst. An organism's response to a stimulus is often a result of adaptations developed over time. This reactionary process is a critical aspect of an organism's survival and continued existence.
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Organisms respond to signals or stimuli surrounding them in their environment. These reactions can be a movement towards or away from the stimuli or diverse forms of communication within species. Even single-celled organisms like bacteria can process and respond to environmental signals.
Explanation:The signal to which an organism responds can vary widely, but generally, it refers to environmental cues or stimuli which trigger a reaction or response in the organism. Sensitivity or response to stimuli is an inherent characteristic of living organisms, emphasizing their ability to interact with their surroundings. This response can include movements towards or away from the source of stimuli (positive or negative response).
For instance, a plant might respond positively to a light source by bending towards it, a reaction known as phototaxis. Likewise, bacteria can move towards or away from chemical sources (chemotaxis) or light (phototaxis).
Communication within species also involves the use of signals as stimuli. Particularly, animals engage in communication using signals that could be visual, aural(sound), chemical (like pheromones), or tactile(touch). In some species such as the three-spined stickleback, a red region in the lower half signals males to become aggressive and females to mate. These stimuli-based responses can be instinctual, learned, or a mix of both.
Single-celled organisms, like bacteria, are also capable of signal processing. They respond to environmental signals like nutrient levels by using intracellular signaling, and sometimes, they release molecules as signals to communicate with each other.
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The term transgenes refers to
genes that are transmitted from one generation to the next.
genes that are transferred from the genome of one organism into another.
genes that make trans-double bonds.
gene products that are modified on the trans-face of the Golgi apparatus.
Answer:
The term transgenes refers to
genes that are transferred from the genome of one organism into another.
Explanation:
What are the two ultimate sources of energy for all the living things on Earth?
Frederick Griffith experiment with two strains of bacteria by injecting them into mice in various combinations. He found that when you mix dead bacteria with live, it's possible for the live strain to acquire some of the traits of the dead one. Why was this important
Explanation:
Frederick Griffith experimented on the Mice with the streptococcus pneumoniae strains. The virulent strain was called S strain smooth strain as it has a smooth layer whereas the avirulent strain was called the R strain or rough strain.
When he injected the virulent strain of bacteria by heat killing them and live R bacteria, he found that the mice were killed.
This shows that the live or avirulent bacteria became virulent or transformed into virulent bacteria by acquiring the virulent trait of the S bacteria. This led to the formation of the transforming principle.
Griffith's experiment was a pivotal moment in genetics and biology, as it provided the first direct evidence of genetic change due to the transfer of genetic material between organisms, a concept that is fundamental to modern genetics and biotechnology.
This observation by Frederick Griffith was important because it provided the first evidence of genetic transformation, which is the process by which genetic material is exchanged between organisms through the environment. This phenomenon, later termed ""transformation,"" challenged the contemporary understanding of genetics and heredity. Griffith's experiment suggested that some ""transforming principle"" could be transferred from one bacterium to another, leading to a change in the characteristics of the recipient bacteria. This ""transforming principle"" was later identified as DNA by Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty in 1944.
The significance of Griffith's discovery lies in several key areas:
1. Evidence for Genetic Material: Griffith's experiment provided the first experimental evidence that hereditary material could be transferred between organisms, which was a revolutionary concept at the time.
2. Understanding of Genetic Information: It demonstrated that genetic information could be transmitted independently of reproduction, contradicting the belief that inheritance only occurred through the fusion of gametes.
3. Implications for Inheritance and Evolution: The findings implied that traits could be inherited horizontally (between individuals) as well as vertically (from parents to offspring), which has profound implications for understanding evolutionary processes.
4. Foundation for Molecular Biology: Griffith's work laid the groundwork for the field of molecular biology, as it led to the identification of DNA as the hereditary material. This knowledge was crucial for subsequent research into the structure and function of DNA, including the discovery of the double helix by James Watson and Francis Crick.
5. Medical Relevance: The concept of genetic transformation has significant implications in medicine, particularly in understanding how bacteria can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other bacteria, leading to the spread of drug-resistant strains.
In summary, Griffith's experiment was a pivotal moment in genetics and biology, as it provided the first direct evidence of genetic change due to the transfer of genetic material between organisms, a concept that is fundamental to modern genetics and biotechnology.
A _______________ tree is one that has a unique common ancestor that shares traits which are not associated with other types of organisms.
Sonny took 16 seconds to finish a 100 m race . what was sonny 's average speed in the race ? give your answer decimal form
Answer:
6.25 meters per second
Explanation:
100 / 16 = 6.25
Sonny took 16 seconds to finish a 100 m race. Then, the average speed of Sonny will be 6.25 meters per second.
What is Average speed?The average speed can be defined as the total distance traveled by the object in a particular time interval. The average speed is a scalar quantity because it has only magnitude and no direction. The SI unit of average speed is meter per second.
Average speed = Distance covered/ Time taken
Average speed = 100m/ 16 sec
Average speed = 6.25m/s
Therefore, the average speed of Sonny is 6.25 meters per second.
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A fast-twitch muscle would: A. consume more ATP than slow-twitch fibers, but have fewer mitochondria. B. obtain energy mainly through glycolysis. C. have less resistance to fatigue than slow-twitch fibers. D. All of these choices are correct.
Answer:
A fast-twitch muscle would:
Consume more ATP than slow-twitch fibers, but have fewer mitochondria.
Obtain energy mainly through glycolysis.
Have less resistance to fatigue than slow-twitch fibers.
All the above mentioned are correct
Explanation:
Which statement below correctly explains and gives the importance of the endosymbiotic theory?
A. The endosymbiotic theory states that the inner and outer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum indicates these were once free living organisms which were taken into an early cell via endocytosis. The theory was further supported by the presence of prokaryotic ribosomes and replication of the endoplasmic reticulum via binary fission.
B. The endosymbiotic theory states that the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondria indicates these were once free living organisms which were taken into an early cell via endocytosis. The theory was further supported by the presence of prokaryotic ribosomes and replication of mitochondria via binary fission.
C. The endosymbiotic theory states that through endocytosis, early prokaryotic cells were able to bring in additional nutrients. These additional nutrients provided important energy that drove evolution of these prokaryotic cells into the eukaryotic cells seen today in more advanced organisms.
D. The endosymbiotic theory states that through endocytosis, early prokaryotic cells were able to bring in early energy rich eukaryotic cells. The energy provided drove evolution of these prokaryotic cells into the eukaryotic cells seen today in more advanced organisms.
Answer:
I believe it is b but i am not 100% sure.
Explanation:
Which step of mitosis involves the condensing of dna into chromosomes?
Answer:
Prophase
Explanation:
the condensing and coiling of DNA into chromosomes. The step that takes up 60% of the time that the cell is undergoing mitosis.
Answer:
Prophase
Explanation:
What practice would probably NOT reduce the greenhouse effect? A) Increased use of aerosol spray cans. B) Reduced use of forests for timber or farmland. C) The use of nuclear power plants instead of coal power plants. D) Increased dependence on alternative energy sources, instead of gasoline.
Answer:
The Answer Is A. Increased use of aerosol spray cans.
Explanation:
Aerosol spray cans contribute to the destruction of the ozone layer, but not significantly to the greenhouse effect.
The increased use of aerosol spray cans is unlikely to reduce the greenhouse effect. Hence, option A is the correct answer for the greenhouse effect. Due to this effect, the earth's temperature is rising.
What exactly is the greenhouse effect?The Greenhouse effect is due to many factors, such as the decline in the number of forests, the increase in industries, and the overproduction of gases such as carbon dioxide, water vapor, etc. Due to the abundance of these gases in the air, radiation can enter the atmosphere but cannot go back.
As these radiations reach the earth and convert into long radiations that cannot return, the temperature rises. Global warming is occurring as a result of rising temperatures, and polar ice is melting. The negative effects affect different species and humans too.
Hence, the increased use of aerosol spray cans is unlikely to reduce the greenhouse effect. Hence, option A is the correct.
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Glucagon allows glucose to enter the blood from alpha cells.
True
False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Glucagon is a hormone that is involved in controlling blood sugar (glucose) levels. It is produced by the alpha cells, found in the islets of Langerhans, in the pancreas, from where it is released into the bloodstream.
The cause of humanity’s increased water consumption is an increased population. What is the effect?
A. less potable water, a growing threat to biodiversity
B. more potable water, a growing threat to biodiversity
C. less potable water, a decreased threat to biodiversity
D. more potable water, a decreased threat to biodiversity
Humanity's increased water consumption leads to less potable water which is a growing threat to biodiversity. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
What are the effects of increased population?The ever-increasing human population generates an increase in water consumption, which in turn leads to a decline in the amount of water that is portable, which poses an increasing risk to biodiversity.
Freshwater, also known as portable water, is consumed by human beings as a beverage. In addition to this, freshwater serves as a habitat for a wide variety of marine life. These animals are essential to the health of the local ecosystem because they serve as a source of income for humans and food for other animals.
It is highly necessary to have access to freshwater or portable water in order to control flooding and erosion.
Therefore, a reduction in the amount of readily available water leads to a loss of biodiversity and option (A) is correct.
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A woman of blood type A marries a man with blood type O. The woman's mother had blood type B and her father had blood type AB. The man's mother had blood type B and his father had blood type A. What is the genotype of the woman?
a) AO
b) BO
c) AA
d) BB
e) AB
f) O
hair color is determined by one gene. true or false
Answer:
Explanation:
the answer depends
The ________ of the lungs is an indication of their expandability, how easily the lungs expand and contract.
Answer:
The answer is compliance.
Explanation:
Answer:
Rib CageExplanation:
The neuronal circuitry to skeletal muscles involves neurons that stimulate contractions and those that inhibit contractions. The muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are involved in maintaining the proper muscle tonus (resting muscle tension); they work by signaling the CNS. Since tetanus involves __________, the neurons involved in muscle contraction __________ are affected.
Answer:
somatic motor neuron hyperexcitability; inhibition
The neuronal circuitry to skeletal muscles involves neurons that stimulate contractions and those that inhibit contractions. The muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are involved in maintaining the proper muscle tonus (resting muscle tension); they work by signaling the CNS. Since tetanus involves SOMATIC MOTOR NEURON HYPEREXCITABILITY, the neurons involved in muscle contraction INHIBITION are affected.
Explanation:
Tetanus is a infection that is caused by a bacteria called Clostridium tetani. It occurs when open wounds in the body are not properly treated and they get infected. This wound can be caused by stepping on a nail or sharp object like broken bottle.
When tetanus enters an open wound present on the body, it attacks the neurons in the body, specifically the somatic motor neurons. Tetanus hinders the release of neurotransmitters and blocks the inhibitory properties of the muscles. These causes the muscles of the body to contract unhindered and uncontrollably resulting in spasms. This can also be referred to as neuronal hyperexcitabilty.
Answer:
1) Somatic motor neuron hyperexcitability 2) inhibition
Explanation:
Tetanus is infection caused by the toxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium tetani. The tetanus injections are highly recommended whenever a person got injured like on bike accident because it entered the body by break in skin.
Tetanus toxin is transported to spinal cord by binding to presynaptic membrane of neuromuscular junction. Tetanus blocks the neurotransmitter ( GABA and glycine) release from inhibitory neuron which causes the continuous hyperexcitability of motor neuron. So The motor neurons keeps on exiting because inhibitory neurons are unable to release neurotransmitter and this conditions interferes with muscles relaxation.
It may cause fever, headache, breathing problem and bone fracture.
The release of an inorganic phosphate from the myosin molecule directly results in ________
Answer:
power stroke
Explanation:
The process of muscle contraction requires several steps. The most famous theory on how the contraction and relaxation of muscles take place is the sliding filament theory. However, this theory has been refined and one important addition to it is the mechanism by which myosin can pull actin and cause shortening of the sarcomere. For the movement of myosin, it binds and releases actin and forms cross bridges. Myosin is subdivided into two regions - S1 and S2. The contraction of the S1 region is what constitutes the power stroke. An important requirement of the power stroke is the hydrolysis of ATP to release an inorganic phosphate which provides energy for the process.Which quartz sample has probably undergone abrasion in a stream for the longest period of time?
1)A
2)B
3)C
4)D
Abrasion means scraping or wearing away. Thus option A is correct
What is abrasion ?Abrasion is easily recognized form of wear.
The hard particles can scratch softer surfaces when they are forced.
It can be associated either with surface movement with packed particles soil, sand, rocks or hard particles trapped between machine surfaces.
There are two types of abrasion such as low stress abrasion other wise known as two-body abrasion.
secondly high stress abrasion or three-body abrasion which is more severe because it can increases the chances of fracture of the abrasive particles.
Quartz is a hard, crystalline second most abundant mineral available in earth's crust made up of silicon dioxide.
One of best classified quartz is called as gemstones and antiquity a variety of quartz commonly used in jewelry and hardstone carvings. It is a substance which undergo abrasion for a long period.
Hence option A is correct.
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How did Hershey and Chase help build our understanding of genetics?
A.
They showed that DNA cannot move between cells.
B.
They showed that DNA carries genetic material.
C.
They showed that viruses cannot infect cells.
D.
They showed that traits cannot be inherited.
Answer: They showed that DNA carries genetic natural
Explanation: How did Hershey and cheese help build our understanding of genetics
They showed that DNA carries genetic material. The correct option is B.
What is genetic material?Any substance that contains genetic information and transmits it from one generation to the next, whether it be from a plant, animal, microbial, or other source.
The molecule that carries genes, is passed down from parents to offspring, and contains the instructions for the development and operation of living things is known as DNA.
DNA is the genetic material that is found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic (bacteria) and eukaryotic (animals and plants) cells and determines an organism's make-up.
Every cell has a nucleus that contains DNA, which is same in every cell.
Chase and Hershey contribute to our growing grasp of genetics. They demonstrated how DNA carries genetic information.
Thus, the correct option is B.
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Determine whether the statements about DNA are true or false.
DNA contains all the genetic information within an organism.
DNA translates nitrogenous bases into proteins.
DNA contains many chromosomes that are passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.
1. true
2. false
3. false
✔ true
DNA contains all the genetic information within an organism.
✔ false
DNA translates nitrogenous bases into proteins.
✔ false
DNA contains many chromosomes that are passed from parent to offspring during reproduction.
True or false? Charles Darwin noticed that all of the Galapagos islands had 1
species that were all exactly the same.
Answer:
true
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
Chordates are deuterostomes. Which invertebrates are also deuterostomes?
O A. Arthropoda
OB. Mollusca
O C.
Echinodermata
A client has undergone scratch testing but the causative allergen is yet to be identified. what would be the next step to confirm a strongly suspected allergen?
Answer:
Begin intradermal testing
Explanation:
Begin Intradermal allergy testing is a skin testing tool that provides a strong reposne against any specific allergen.
The procedure involves injecting a small amount of the alleged allergens under the skin surface. The region is being checked for a reaction at the site after around 20 minutes.
As intradermal test are invasive, they will give quick response in comparison to scratch test which is unable to identify teh allergen.
Hence, the correct answer is Begin Intradermal testing.
The following table shows the kinds of seed that are commonly eaten by four types of birds. In the table, an X indicates that the bird eats the seed from that plant.
corn millet safflowe sunflower
bunting X X
cardinal X X
pigeon X X
sparrow X X X
An ecosystem originally has an adequate supply of corn, millet seeds, safflower seeds, and sunflower seeds. One year, a disease kills most of the corn and millet plants. Based on the table, which kind of bird is best adapted to the ecosystem after the disease kills the corn and millet plants?
corn and millet plants?
A.
cardinal
B.
jay
C.
sparrow
D.
bunting
Answer:Cardinal
Explanation: Doesnt rely on corn or millet plant.
Answer:
Cardinal
Explanation:
what is a domain, division, family, and taxon? What are the kingdoms currently in use
Answer:
They are levels of taxonomy. There are six Kingdoms currently in use: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. Archaea and Bacteria fall under the Domain Prokaryota and the rest are under the Domain Eukaryota.
Explanation:
Which plays both a role in physical and chemical digestion?
Answer:
Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth and protein digestion starts in the stomach.The digestive system fuels the cells and the excretory system rids the body of the cells' waste.
Explanation:
Saliva plays both a role in physical and chemical digestion. So, the correct option is B.
What is Digestion?Digestion is defined as the breakdown of large insoluble food molecules into smaller water soluble food molecules, through which they can be absorbed into the watery blood plasma. These small substances are absorbed into the bloodstream through the small intestine in some organisms.
Chemical digestion is described as the conversion of bonds in food into organic molecules while physical digestion is described as the mechanical breakdown of food. Physiological or physical digestion in the mouth involves mastication, which is chewing, or grinding, of food. Saliva plays both a role in physical and chemical digestion.
So, the correct option is B
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Your question is incomplete, most probably the complete question is:
Which plays both a role in physical and chemical digestion?
Teeth Saliva Gall bladder VilliYou just ate a bowl of mashed potatoes. The starch began chemical digestion in your mouth and finished in your duodenum with hydrolysis into glucose molecules. The fate of the starch is conversion to glycogen in your liver. What did the glucose travel through in order to get to your liver?
Answer: Glucose is travelled through the blood stream to get to the liver
Explanation:during digestion,food is broken by physical and chemical processes. This may involve chewing or the use of enzymes to break down food.
When food is taken in through the mouth, it is chew and saliva acts on it.saliva helps to lubricate the food and assist in swallowing.from there the food passes through the oesophagus into the intestine. In the intestine food is further mixed with digestive enzymes.From the the stomach the food moves to the intestine where absorption of digested food takes place .
Starch is digested by saliva in the mouth and pancreatic juice, into glucose
Glucose is absorbed across the mucusa to the blood and carried of to the liver ,where it is stored
Which body system is most like the cell wall?
Answer:
The digestive system
Explanation:
fthe human body is made up of several organs that work together to break down food so it can be used in the body.
The bonesin of the body can be represented as cell wall can be represented because the bones provide extra support for the cell just like the cell wall does to its plant cell.
what is the function of cell wall ?A cell wall referred as the non-living component of a living cell which act as an outer covering of the cell mostly present in prokaryotes, plants.
The function of cell wall include separation of the interior cell contents of the cell from the exterior environment.
The cell wall provides shape, support, and protection to the cell from external environment, Prokaryotic cell has cell walls are chemically different from the cell wall found in plants and fungi.
The prokaryotic cell walls composed of large polymers called peptidoglycans which serve as a protective layer and prevent lysis;
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consider the structure and function of fats to predict which animal would have more fat: one that live close to the poles or one that lives close to the equator?
Considering the structure and function of fats, an animal living near the poles would have more fat than an animal living near the equator. This is because fats provide insulation and store energy, which are crucial for survival in colder climates with seasonal food availability.
Explanation:The structure and function of fats in an animal's body directly relate to the environment in which the animal lives. Fats serve primarily as energy storage and insulation. Considering this, an animal living close to the poles would need more fat compared to an animal living near the equator.
Animals in colder climates, like the poles, accumulate more fat for insulation to maintain their body temperature. The fat layer acts as a barrier, reducing heat loss and protecting them from freezing temperatures. Additionally, food resources in these regions could be scarce, especially in winter, so animals here need more fat reserves to supply energy when food is hard to find.
On the contrary, animals living near the equator, where climate is generally warmer and food is more abundantly available throughout the year, typically have less body fat as they require less insulation and energy storage.
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Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are
Answer:
IgE
Explanation:
Immunoglobulins can be described as antibodies that are found in blood and other bodily fluids of humans and other vertebrate animals. And their major function is that they help identify and destroy foreign substances such as microbes such as bacteria and protozoan parasites.
They are known to be produced by produced by plasma cells (white blood cells).
Immunoglobulins are classified into five categories: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM. And are distinguished by the type of heavy chain they contain. IgG molecules possess heavy chains known as γ-chains; IgMs have μ-chains; IgAs have α-chains; IgEs have ε-chains; and IgDs have δ-chains.
In this case, IgE is the immunoglobulin that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils.
The correct answer is D) IgE, which attaches to and sensitizes mast cells and basophils, playing a significant role in allergic responses and defense against parasitic infections.
The immunoglobulin that attaches to and sensitizes mast cells and basophils is D) IgE. Here's why:
IgE binds to the Fc receptors on the surface of mast cells and basophils.These cells then become sensitized to future exposures of the same allergen.Upon re-exposure to the allergen, IgE triggers these cells to release histamine and other chemicals, leading to an allergic reaction.IgE is involved in defense against parasitic infections, which also relies on its ability to activate mast cells and basophils.Its primary role is mediating immediate hypersensitivity reactions, including allergies like hay fever, asthma, and anaphylaxis.Compared to other immunoglobulins, IgE is present in very small quantities in the serum but has significant effects on immune response once bound to mast cells and basophils.
Complete question:
Immunoglobulins that attach to and sensitize mast cells and basophils are
A) lg D.
B) lg G.
C) Ig M.
D) lg E.
E) lg A
PLEASEEEE HELP I DONT WANNA FAILL ASAPPPPP!!!!!
Answer:
B ,Water removes sand from the beach
Answer: A
Since the sand is so light the wind blows it and it's most likely to form a dune.