Answer:
a. fundamental injustice and inhumanity of slavery
Explanation:
The answer is --
a. fundamental injustice and inhumanity of slavery
John Conyers was a African-American politician of the Democratic Party, who served as the longest serving congressmen.
As a congressman, he authored several bills in the Congress which includes the Alcohol Warning Label Act, the Hate Crime Statistics Act, etc. He also fought against the injustice shown based on racial discrimination to the African American people in the United States.
Since 1989, John Conyers who is a lawyer and a ranking member of House Judiciary Committee has annually introduced the "HR. 40" bill. According to this bill a commission would be establish to inspect the institution of slavery in United States and would recommend appropriate measures.
Thus the answer is ---
a. fundamental injustice and inhumanity of slavery
Which of the processes is responsible for the change scientists observed in atmospheric concentrations of 12C, 13C, and 14C over the last 200 years? Please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button.
Answer:
Burning of fossil fuels
Explanation:
Over the last 200 years, burning of fossil fuels has been the major source of carbon emission. Here, atmospheric concentrations of 12C, 13C, and 14C refers to the carbon isotopes (12C, 13C and 14C) and therefore the statement refers to carbon emissions. It is now no surprise that carbon concentrations in the atmosphere is responsible for the environmental changes and that fossil fuel burning is the reason behind increased atmospheric carbon concentrations as proven by scientific research.
Rebecca responded to the Heinz dilemma by saying "Heinz shouldn't steal the drug because stealing is against the law and our society has to outlaw theft in order to be a good place to live." Rebecca is in Kohlberg's __________ stage of moral reasoning.
Answer:
Social system morality.
Explanation:
Kohlberg developed a new model (three levels with two stages each) because he thought Piaget's was simplistic.
The social system morality stage is characterised as fulfilling social duties in order to keep the social system going and the moral jugdment as avoiding critisism by a respected authority.
In this case, Rebecca is fulfilling her social duties (not breaking the law (a social convention)) whilst avoiding the critisism. Hence, she is in the social system morality stage.
Because Western-based personality assessments cannot fully capture the personality constructs of other cultures, the ____________ model has led to the development of personality assessment instruments that are based on constructs relevant to the culture being studied.
Answer:
The answer is the indigenous approach.
Explanation:
This type of instruments was created to study the mind and behaviour of native people, and was specifically designed for them. This way, the information on the instruments is unbiased and researches may have a more accurate representation of their findings.
One of the key elements of this approach is studying the relationship of a cultural context in personality.
Kyle, an American citizen, is watching a news story about non-U.S. citizens who are being detained for security reasons. Research suggests that Kyle may be more likely to dehumanize the detainees if he isA. sitting next to a stranger.B. standing rather than sitting.C. sitting next to a friend.D. alone.
Answer:
option C
Explanation:
The correct answer is option C
Kyle may be more likely to dehumanize the detainees if he is sitting next to a friend.
By seeing the news story about non-U.s citizens detained. Kyle will create a bad perspective of non-U.s citizens.
And this perspective of Kyle will lead her to deprive of her positive human quality toward non-U.s citizen.
And she will see the non-U.s citizen as a bad people.
If a teacher set out to install a variation of formative assessment in which assessment-elicited evidence was being used chiefly to permit students to modify learning tactics, which level of formative assessment would be the teacher's dominant focus?
a. Level 4
b. Level 3
c. Level 2
d. Level 1
Answer:
c. Level 2
Explanation:
A Formative assessment is a list of methods which teachers use to carry out the in process evaluations of various student's understanding and grasping, their learning needs and their academic progression during a lesson.
This is the method teachers use to analyse the students progress through out the curriculum. There are basically four level in the formative assessment :
-- Level 1 : Clarifying Learning
--Level 2 : Eliciting Evidence
--Level 3 : Providing Feedback
--Level 4 : Activating Learners
In the level 2 of the formative assessment, teachers are allowed to elicit the evidence of the students learning and permit the students to change their learning strategies.
Hence the answer is --
c. Level 2
The correct option is c. Level 2. The teacher's dominant focus is enabling students to modify learning tactics using assessment-elicited evidence.
Level 2 of formative assessment focuses on providing feedback that helps students adapt their learning strategies. This level emphasizes using evidence from assessments to inform students on how they can improve their learning process, ensuring they understand what adjustments need to be made to enhance their performance. Formative assessment at this level includes techniques such as:
Providing clear, actionable feedback on assignments and tests.Using quizzes and diagnostic tests to identify areas of weakness.Encouraging self-assessment and reflection on learning methods.Facilitating peer feedback sessions where students critique each other’s work.
These techniques help students become more autonomous learners. By regularly adjusting their learning tactics based on feedback, they can better achieve the learning objectives aligned with the lesson standards.
Before reading this question you probably were not thinking of the events surrounding your last birthday. If you can now remember your last birthday, Freud would most likely say that its memories existed in your ____.
Answer:
Preconscious
Explanation:
Preconsciousis the level of consciousness that is below consciousness. The memories in the preconscious are not repressed.
These memories can be recalled easily and becoming conscious.
Here, the memory of our birthday is not a repressed memory. We can remember through our will easily.
Hence, according to Freud these memories exist in our preconscious.
Students who study throughout the term and then restudy course material at the end of a semester to pass a comprehensive final are especially likely to demonstrate long-term retention of the course material. This best illustrates
Answer:
The answer is long-term memory.
Explanation:
Long-term memory refers to the retention of information that was received more than a few seconds ago. Some long-term memories are fairly easy to recall: facts or names are an example. Others, however, require rehearsal and experience to be remembered in the long run.
The example in the pargraph might also be a case of explicit memory, which is remembered consciously.
Look at the age-structure pyramids. The numbers between the bars (in the middle of the graphs) serve as the y-axis. What do these numbers represent? a) the age classes, in 5-year ranges b) the number of people born in a particular year c) the total population, in millions the population of males and females d) the percentage of the population in each age class.
Answer:
A) The age classes, in 5-year ranges
Explanation:
The number between the bars are the age classes, and the bars represent the populartion, in millions, belonging to the corresponding age class.
A population pyramid like the one attached below usually does not show the number of people born in a particular year. However, this information can be estimated by looking at the year the population pyramid was elaborated, and substracting from that year the corresponding ages illustrated in the pyramid.
Tracy feels that children have free will and should be given options. But Tracy finds that she can get her kids to do more chores around the house if she mentions a punishment for not doing them rather than a reward for doing them. What is affecting the kids' decision to do chores?
Answer:
Framing effect
Explanation:
The framing effect is a term in which our words, settings, and our situation affect our principle of choices. This is a term that comes with the loss and gains profit. People focus most of the time the loss perceived as more worthy than the same range gain or profit. For instance, there is ad-related to yogurt. At one cup it is written that yogurt is only 20% fat and on the other hand on another cup, there is written 80% free fat. People will more focus or pay attention to eighty percent free fat rather than with twenty percent fat. This is the framing of words that affect our decision making. The framing effect is the greatest bias in decision making.
How many permanent countries with a veto are there on the united nations security council?
Answer:The United Nations Security Council "veto power" refers to the power of the five permanent members which are China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Explanation:
Answer:
5 countries
Explanation:
There are a total of 5 permanent member countries on the United Nations Security Council. All the 5 permanent member countries have the veto power and these countries are: the US, the UK, France, China and Russia, formerly the USSR. All these countries have been the permanent member with veto power since the 1940s.
The Taylor Principle states that central banks raise nominal rates by ________ than any rise in expected inflation so that real interest rates ________ when there is a rise in inflation.
Answer:
more; rise
Explanation:
Taylor's rule in economics is a forecasting model that is used to determine what the interest rates will be or should be as there are shifts in the economy of a country.
Taylor's rule gives guidance to the Federal Reserve whether it should raise the interest rates when inflation is high.
It says that when the inflation is increased by at least one percent, the Central Bank or the Federal Reserve should increase the nominal interest rate more than one percent to maintain the economy.
Thus when there is any rise in the inflation, according to the Taylor Principle, the Federal Reserve should raise the nominal rates more than the rise in inflation in order to rise the real interest rates.
Therefore, the answer is ---
more; rise
To demonstrate your growing knowledge of sociology, you say to a friend " I found out that sociologists use status in a different way. They don’t mean prestige. When they refer to status they mean:________
To demonstrate your growing knowledge of sociology, you say to a friend " I found out that sociologists use status in a different way. They don’t mean prestige. When they refer to status they mean: position a person occupies in a particular setting.
Explanation:
The term status has different meaning for a layman and for sociologist. For a layman status, generally mean the prestige and living standards of the person whereas the sociologist see this term in different context. For them status means the position that the person possesses in a particular situation or setting.
Status in sociology is governed by the role played by the individual in a particular situation. For an example, a person may occupy the status of a student in school, an employee in an office or a son at home and he has certain set of values, characteristics, behaviour attached to that status to which is indicated to role.
Mei feels irritated when Linda's unbridled enthusiasm often leads her to lose sight of critical project details. Linda feels frustrated when Mei often analyzes so many details that it slows down the decision-making process. The discord between Mei and Linda is explained by_______.
Answer:
Communication style bias.
Explanation:
There are different principles for communication styles:
Communication style is a way of thinking and behaving.
Individual style differences tend to be stable.
There is a finite number of communication styles.
We make judgments about people based on communication style.
The communication style bias is a state of mind that occurs when talking to someone who has a different style of communication. In this case, Linda's is likely to get excited and rush onto something and Mei is likely to analyze something over and over.
The _____ adds up the spending by different parts of the economy, such as consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. a) income approach b) product approach c) expenditure approach.
Answer:
The answer is c) expenditure approach.
Explanation:
This approach assumes that the final amount of products and services equals the amount spent on them. It is the most common way to measure a country's GDP, and as the passage explains, takes different factors into account (e.g. consumer and government spending). These factors are then added up, and the result indicates the general expenses in a period of timme.
If a sociologist believes that people who become addicted to drugs and alcohol may be responding to strains in the social system and their own lives, what theoretical perspective do they represent?
Answer:
The correct answer is structural functionalistic theoretical perspective.
Explanation:
The structural functionlistic theoretical perspective sees society as system formed by different parts that work together with the goal of promoting stability to the individuals who conform it.
According to this theory each individual plays a role in any given society and any social phenomena that may ocurr, either positive or negative is a response to the interaction between the individuals and the organs of said social structure.
In this particular case, a sociologist that believes that people who become addicted to drugs and alcohol may be responding to strains in the social system and their own lives, the theoretical perspective that they represent is the Structural functionalistic theoretical perspective.
Answer:
Well if the so called drug addicted parents are arrested they could be in and out of a child's life they can also be abused, sold for drugs, forced to do drugs them selfs or they could be left out in the streets or left in a relatives care . I know this feeling its not good I know this from personal experience except mine aren't in my life any more I was left in the arms of my aunt as a baby my aunt was 16.
Explanation:
Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels. If he is successful, the neutral stimulus, the squirrel, must have been paired with a(n) ________, such as ________.
a. neutral stimulus; a light turning on
b. conditioned response; running away
c. unconditioned response; an increased heartbeat
d. unconditioned stimulus; a loud noise
Answer:
If Joseph is successful, the neutral stimulus, the squirrel, must have been paired with an unconditioned stimulus such as a loud noise.
Option: (d)
Explanation:
In classical conditioning, two of the stimulus are linked together in order to produce a newly acquired response in a person or animal. To make clear for his sister to be afraid of squirrel he introduced a stimuli ‘loud noise’ that makes aware about risk of squirrel. The classical conditioning technique was introduced by Pavlov in 1902.The correct association that Joseph must have formed through classical conditioning is between the neutral stimulus, the squirrel, and an unconditioned stimulus like a loud noise, which naturally elicits a fear response (unconditioned response).
Explanation:Classical Conditioning and Fear Acquisition. Joseph used classical conditioning to teach his sister to be afraid of squirrels. If he is successful, the neutral stimulus, the squirrel, must have been paired with an unconditioned stimulus (US), such as a loud noise. This is because in classical conditioning, a neutral stimulus (NS) becomes a conditioned stimulus (CS) after being paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus that naturally triggers a reaction, the unconditioned response (UR), such as fear from a loud noise. As a result of this pairing, the neutral stimulus starts to evoke a conditioned response (CR) similar to the unconditioned response. Therefore, the correct answer is d. unconditioned stimulus; a loud noise.
At the beginning of high school, Lucas was given a personality test that generated a personality profile using 4 trait dichotomies that led to 16 possible combinations. The results were supposed to help him decide which career path he should pursue. Now that he is in college, he retakes the same test, but receives different results, which makes him question the reliability of this test. Lucas was MOST likely given the:
The test Lucas took is most likely the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) which uses four trait dichotomies to create 16 possible personality types. It is often used in career planning. However, its reliability, as Lucas experienced, has been questioned.
Explanation:Lucas was most likely given a version of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test, which utilizes four trait dichotomies to generate 16 possible personality combinations. This test is built on Carl Jung's theory of psychological types and is commonly administered to aid in career planning, among other things. However, the MBTI has often been criticized for lack of reliability, meaning the results can vary each time the same person takes the test, as Lucas experienced.
The trait dichotomies of the MBTI include extraversion versus introversion, sensing versus intuition, thinking versus feeling and judging versus perceiving. Each person is supposedly distinguishable by which traits they predominantly exhibit in each dichotomy, leading to 16 possible combinations, or 'personality types'. Although the MBTI is widely used, as evidenced by its application in Lucas' high school career planning, its reliability and validity as a personality measurement tool are subject to ongoing debate.
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When Napster first enabled users to exchange music files on the Internet, recording companies cried "foul" even though there were no laws to limit such exchanges. This gap between social norms (no law) and technology (access to computers) provides an illustration of what William Ogburn called __________.
Answer:
Cultural lagExplanation:
Cultural lag is the notion that culture takes time to catch up with the technological innovation and it causes various social conflicts and problems. It is helpful in explaining and identifying social problems to predict the future problems.
This term was first coined in 1922 by sociologist William F. Ogburn, according to him cultural lag occurs due to the tendency of material culture to change and evolve quickly while non material culture remains fixed and resists change. Due to these opposing aspects of culture accepting new technology becomes difficult.
Julio's parents do nothing to help soothe him when he is in a stressful situation. They believe they are helping him learn to "suck it up" when they expect him to soothe himself. In this scenario, the parents place little value on ____________________ goodness-of-fit.
Answer:
In this scenario, the parents place little value on optimizing goodness-of-fit.
Explanation:
Julio's parents do not know how to approach him. They do not help him understand or manage his temperament but rather leave him on his own to sort it out. The do not optimize goodness of fitbut rather minimize it.
Final answer:
Julio's parents' uninvolved approach disregards the goodness-of-fit parenting concept. Differences in socioeconomic status influence parenting styles, with wealthier families fostering creativity and white-collar skills, whereas working-class families may emphasize obedience. Uninvolved parenting can lead to negative consequences for a child's emotional and academic well-being.
Explanation:
Julio's parents place little value on goodness-of-fit parenting, a concept that stresses the importance of parents responding appropriately to the child's individual temperament and needs. Families influence how children are raised, conditioned, and socialized, and these practices can differ across socioeconomic statuses. Factors such as jobs, education levels, and cultural norms play roles in how parents approach child-rearing. Wealthy families that emphasize judgment and creativity tend to foster skills useful in white-collar jobs, while working-class families may emphasize obedience and conformity due to their own experiences and job requirements.
Furthermore, the approach known as 'accomplishment of natural growth' is more commonly seen in lower-income families, where children develop independently. In contrast, higher-income parents often actively foster a child's talents and skills. These divergent parenting strategies contribute to the reproducing of the class system and highlight varying expectations parents have for their children's agency and autonomy. Additionally, the uninvolved style of parenting, characterized by indifference and unresponsiveness to a child's needs, can have a range of negative emotional and academic outcomes for a child.
Amy has just been diagnosed with breast cancer. She reminds herself that breast cancer is highly treatable and that the doctors caught hers early. Thus, she feels much luckier than people whose breast cancer is caught during later stages of the disease. In this situation, Amy is using____________.
Answer:
Downward comparison
Explanation:
According to psychology, since people need to evaluate themselves in an accurate way, they tend to compare themselves with other people who are in similar situations.
However, people who feel low in subjective well-being (like depressed or ill or with low self-esteem) are more likely to compare downward in order to feel better about themselves.
When the person compare downward, they compare with others who are inferior or less fortunate than him/her. By doing this, the person starts to think the conditions he/she is in are not that bad and starts feeling better about himself/herself.
In the example, Amy has been diagnosed with breast cancer, she reminds herself that this type of cancer is highly treatable if caught early, she feels much luckier than people whose breast cancer is caught during later stages. Thus, Amy is comparing herself to other patients who are less fortunate in order to feel better about herself and her recent cancer diagnosis. Therefore, Amy is using Downward comparison.
If the Federal Reserve increases the spread between the federal funds rate and the discount rate, then the cost of a shortage of reserves _____ and the amount banks are willing to lend _____.
If the Federal Reserve increases the spread between the federal funds rate and the discount rate, then the cost of a shortage of reserves increases and the amount banks are willing to lend decreases.
Explanation:
The Federal Reserve is the central bank that is responsible for the money circulation all over the country. Its monetary policy regulates the money supply in order to increase the nation's economy. The Federal reserve always keeps its discount and interest ratio to be lower.
So that the banks can hold only less amount by providing more loans to customers (for individual or for businesses). If the discount rate and the Federal fund are increased the banks can hold more money with them. Also, they won't be allowed to provide more loans to their customers.
Your friend Mark just started a new job at Gerald’s Car Repair. The owner asked your friend to think about the shop’s promotion mix and come up with some new ideas. Mark is not sure what he needs to do. Can you help Mark?
The correct answer would be, Yes, tell Mark to consider the shops current advertising, public relations efforts and digital marketing and make suggestions for improvements and additions
I will help Mark by asking him to do the above mentioned tasks.
Explanation:
Promotion Mix is a concept in Marketing which integrates or combines all the Marketing techniques like:
AdvertisingPersonal SellingSales PromotionPublic RelationsDirect MarketingSo when Mark's employer asks him to think about the promotion mix and come up with new ideas, and he asks me to give some suggestion, then i will tell Mark to see and analyze the current Marketing Promotion mix and ask him to work on it to make it better.
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Final answer:
Mark needs to develop a promotion mix for Gerald's Car Repair, which includes various advertising strategies and word-of-mouth promotion. He must focus on making their services known and consider cost-effective ways to reach potential customers.
Explanation:
Helping Mark to understand the promotion mix is essential as it relates to different ways a business can communicate about its good or service. For Gerald's Car Repair, a promotion mix could involve various forms of advertising such as outdoor billboards, local newspaper ads, or event sponsorships. Social media and online marketing could also be critical, especially if the target customers are active on these platforms. Importantly, as per Professor Kirzner's insight, it is not enough to simply offer a service; the business must ensure the service is known about, which is where a compelling promotion mix comes in.
Considering the effectiveness of different types of advertising, word-of-mouth holds a special value. Although it cannot be purchased, it can be earned through excellent service, creating satisfied customers who naturally spread the word. Mark might consider strategies that incentivize customers to refer friends or share their experiences, thereby boosting this valuable word-of-mouth advertising.
Lastly, when analyzing promotion strategies, it is important to factor in costs and benefits. For example, while nationwide TV commercials may be too expensive, a well-targeted direct mail campaign might prove effective without breaking the bank. The goal is to convey a message that resonates with potential customers and persuades them to use Gerald's Car Repair services.
A corporation is a legal entity: a. created by local ordinance. b. created by an agency regulation. c. created by state statute. d. that naturally occurs when two or more people do business.
Answer:
c. created by state statute.
Explanation:
A corporation is a legal form of business entity which is distinct from its owner. It is also called "legal person" because it has the power like a person and it can enter in contract, pay taxes, make contracts and even get sued for legal obligations. They are formed legally by registering as a statute by a government agency. A group of stakeholders jointly holds the ownership of a corporation for a common purpose mainly profit.
Employment in health and fitness careers often requires a person to earn a certification from one of the professional organizations in the field (such as ACSM, ACE, NSCA).a.Trueb.False
Answer: The answer is B- True
Explanation:
Employment in health and fitness careers require these certificates because they are certified bodies that give training and improve skills of the health and fitness trainers or workers in order for them to better train and serve even their clients.
ACSM - This is the American College of Sports Medicine certification, it is known to be the most respected credential in the health and fitness industry.
ACE- American Council on Exercise. They offer personal training certification and health coach and fitness instructor certificates.
NSCA- National Strength and Conditioning Association. This is a certified program that helps health and fitness professionals to better design safe and effective programs to help their clients achieve health and fitness goals.
In Chicago's Southside (and other places), auto mechanics (who work outside the formal sector, without a business license, advertising, or even a garage) will do work for gang members without charging them. In exchange, gang members chase away other mechanics who wish to operate in the area. These auto mechanics have monopoly power; what type of source does it come from?
Answer: barrier and network externalities monopoly power
Explanation:
This is platform were other potential competitors in same trade are discouraged from entering into the same market(by gang members) area thereby giving them monopolistic power over the area where their business operates.
Which of the following Big Five dimensions of personality is best depicted by the description "How friendly, warm, trusting, generous, and good-natured is someone?" Neuroticism Conscientiousness Extraversion Agreeableness
Answer:
The answer is Agreeableness.
Explanation:
Of the Big Five personality traits provided, the most well suited is agreeableness, although with being trusting you can also say there is some conscientiousness. It is common for some of the personality depictions to overlap. This is known as the five-factor model (FFM) and the OCEAN model. Your list was missing one of the five personality traits which is Openness. There are a number of different researchers who have used this model, especially in the 1980s and 1990s and it has become an academic standard when talking about personality traits.
Paige is a young woman who wants her parents to treat her like an adult. But as soon as a problem arises in Paige’s life, she runs home and asks her parents to solve her problems. Paige is engaging in which defense mechanism
Answer:
Regression
Explanation:
The term defense mechanism is being introduced by one of the famous psychologist named Sigmund Freud and he has included ten different types in the defense mechanism.
Regression: Regression is one of the defense mechanisms that lead to the long-term or temporary retrogression of the ego of an individual to the former stage of the development instead of acceptably dealing the impermissible impulses.
Regression can be caused due to frustration, stress, and traumatic event.
A bank creates money when it: a. gets new checkable deposits which the depositor formerly held as cash. b. gets more excess reserves because of a decrease in the required reserve ratio. c. makes a loan from its excess reserves. d. has a loan paid off, which creates excess reserves for the bank. e. holds back excess reserves because of an increase in the required reserve ratio.
Answer:
C. Makes a loan from its excess reserve ratio.Explanation:
Money is created by the government when it decides to print it but banks can also create money, but they do not print it. When a dollar is deposited in the bank account its total reserve increases. It keeps some of the required reserves and loans the excess reserves out. And this “ Loan” increases the money supply. This is how money is created by the bank and it increases the money supply. Maximum change in the money supply can be predicted by the money supplier.
Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Group of answer choices
a. A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.
b. Bill collapses by the side of the road after the marathon.
c. Sheila almost drowned, but she was able to keep her head out of the water and focus on swimming to shore.
d. William sleepwalks when he eats too much candy before bed.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
If a child gets that much energy or freaked out by those things easily. He's not adapting well to the environment her is around.
Answer:
The correct anwer for: Which of the following is an example of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome? Is: a. A burst of energy enables Hassan to run fast when he sees a skunk in his path.
Explanation:
First of all, we have to remember the characteristics of the alarm reaction stage of the general adaptation syndrome. Now, this stage is defined by the segregation of the required hormones to keep the body capable of performing the scape behavior to look for the subject's survival. Dopamine, Serotonin, and adrenaline are segregated to provide the subject's the energy required to perform the extra effort he or she needs. In this case, a skunk could awaken this stage in a certain subject that considers the skunk a danger stimuli.
In Oakland, California last year, 10,000 working-class people moved upward on the class ladder and, at the same time, 10,000 middle-class people moved downward. Assuming this is correct, sociologists would consider this an example of ________ mobility.
Answer:
The case in Oakland is the example of the social mobility.
Explanation:
Social mobility is the movement of the class of people in the society. It may be from the higher class of social status to lower and lower status to higher.It is a relative term that determines the shift of social status in reference to social location. As 1000 people moved upward in class ladder as well as 1000 moved downward due to certain activities, this shows the social mobility of the people in that place.Final answer:
In Oakland, the simultaneous upward and downward movement of 10,000 people across social classes is an example of structural mobility, a societal phenomenon that affects groups rather than individuals.
Explanation:
In Oakland, California last year, the occurrence of 10,000 working-class people moving upward on the class ladder and, at the same time, 10,000 middle-class people moving downward is an example of structural mobility. This concept refers to a societal change that enables a whole group of people to move up or down the class ladder due to structural alterations in society, rather than individual actions. It contrasts with individual mobility, which is based on personal achievements or failures.
Social mobility is a feature of societies that allows for the movement between economic strata in the system. In the United States, there is a belief in the American Dream, which suggests that hard work can lead to upward mobility. However, structural mobility reflects broader societal trends and often cannot be attributed solely to personal effort.