Sodium chloride comprises 97%-99% of table salt. Given their location on the periodic table, identify the ionic charge for each element and predict the chemical formula of the compound formed. A) Sodium, Na, is an alkali metal and is in Group IA with an ionic charge of +1. While chlorine, Cl, is a halogen and is in Group VIIA with a charge of -1. These will form NaCl(s). B) Sodium, Na, is an alkaline earth metal and is in Group IA with an ionic charge of +2. While chlorine, Cl, is a halogen and is in Group VIIA with a charge of -1. These will form NaCl2(s). C) Sodium, Na, is an alkali earth metal and is in Group IA with an ionic charge of +2. While chlorine, Cl, is a noble gas and is in Group VIA with a charge of -2. These will form Na2Cl2(s). D) Sodium, Na, is an alkali earth metal and is in Group IA with an ionic charge of +1. While chlorine, Cl, is a diatomic gas and is in Group VIA with a charge of -2. These will form Na2Cl(s).

Explanation:

Acetals are geminal diethers derivatives of aldehyde formed by the addition to equivalent molecules of an alcohol and removal of water.

When ethanol is added to the ethanal in acidic medium:

Ethanal + Ethanol → Hemiacetal

Hemiacetal + Ethanol → Acetal

Acetal produced when ethanol is added to ethanal are given in the image attached.

the answer is A: decrease

Answer:

12.82 mol/L the molarity of the HCl.

Explanation:

Suppose in 100 grams of 39.0% (by mass) HCl in water.

Volume of solution = V

Density of the solution = d = 1.20 g/mL

Mass = Density × Volume

[tex]V=\frac{M}{d}=\frac{100 g}{1.20 g/mL}=83.33 mL = 0.08333 L[/tex]

Mass of HCl = 39.0% of 100 grams= [tex]\frac{39}{100}\times 100g=39 g[/tex]

Moles of HCl = [tex]\frac{39 g}{36.5 g/mol}=1.0685 mol[/tex]

[tex]Molarity=\frac{\text{Moles of compound}}{\text{Volume of solution (L)}}[/tex]

The molarity of the HCl = M

[tex]M=\frac{1.0685 mol}{0.0833 L}=12.82 mol/L[/tex]

12.82 mol/L the molarity of the HCl.

Answer:

The commercial grade of HCl solution having a density of 1.20 g/ml has the molarity of 12.8 M.

Explanation:

Let's take the volume of solution to be 1000 ml.

Mass of HCl = [tex]\rm density\;\times\;volume[/tex]

Mass = [tex]\rm 1.20\;\times\;1000[/tex]

Mass of HCl = 1200 g.

In 39 % of HCl,

mass of HCl = [tex]\rm 39\;\times\;1200[/tex]

mass of HCl = 468 grams.

Molarity = [tex]\rm \frac{moles}{Liter}[/tex]

Molarity = [tex]\rm \frac{468}{36.5}\;\times\;\frac{1}{liters}[/tex]

Moalrity = 12.8 moles/liter

Molarity of 39% HCl with a density of 1.20 g/ml is 12.8 M.

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The basic building block of chemistry is known as the atom. The smallest particle of an element that still retains all the properties of the element is known as the atom. The correct option is C.

The atom can be considered as the basic building blocks of matter which possess the properties of the chemical element. An atom don't exist independently, instead they form ions and molecules which in turn combine in large numbers to form matter.

An atom is an indivisible particle and it contains the sub-atomic particles like protons, electrons and neutrons. The positively charged particles are called protons, the negatively charged particles are called electrons. The neutrons are chargeless particles.

All atoms of the same element are identical but different elements have different types of atoms. The chemical reactions occur when the atoms are rearranged.

Thus the correct option is C.

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For a first-order reaction, the rate constant can be determined using the concentration of the reactant at a given time. In this case, the rate constant is 0.25 s^-1.

A first-order reaction is one in which the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. The rate law expression for a first-order reaction is given by rate = k[A], where [A] is the concentration of the reactant and k is the rate constant.

In this case, the concentration of the reactant decreases to 25% of its initial value in 3.0 minutes. We can use this information to determine the rate constant (k).

25% of the initial concentration corresponds to 0.25 times the initial concentration, so the concentration at that time is 0.25[A]. We can substitute this value into the rate law expression and solve for k:

0.25[A] = k[A]

0.25 = k

Therefore, the value for the rate constant (k) for the reaction is 0.25 s-1.

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To find the rate constant (k) for a first-order reaction, we can use the half-life formula. The given information states that it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to 25% of its initial value. By substituting these values into the equation, we can find the rate constant.

To determine the rate constant (k) for the first-order reaction, we can use the formula for the half-life of a first-order reaction. The half-life is the amount of time it takes for the concentration of the reactant to decrease to half of its initial value. In this case, it takes 3.0 minutes for the concentration to decrease to 25% of its initial value, which is equivalent to one half-life.

The formula for the first-order half-life is: t1/2 = ln(2)/k
Since the concentration decreases to 25% of its initial value after one half-life, we can use this information to solve for k:

25% = (1/2) * 100% = e-kt1/2
ln(1/2) = -k * t1/2
k = -ln(1/2) / t1/2

Substituting the given values, we have:
k = -ln(1/2) / 3.0 minutes

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Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

A molecule which has hydrogen bonding will have the highest boiling point. So, out of the given options only [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will have hydrogen bonding.

Whereas in [tex]CHCl_{3}[/tex] there will be dipole-dipole interactions and no hydrogen bonding within the molecule.

In [tex]OF_{2}[/tex] and [tex]C_{6}H_{6}[/tex], there will be dipole-dipole interaction in both the molecules.

Thus, we can conclude that [tex]NH_{3}[/tex] will have the highest boiling point.

The answer is A. Glacier

The value densities of cube-1 and cube-2 are not at all similar which means that both the cubes are made up of different materials.

Explanation:

                                              [tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

Given:

Two different cubes, one with an edge length of 1.05 cm and mass of 14.32 g, and the other cube have an edge length of 2.66 cm and mass of 215.3 g.

To find:

Whether two cubes are of the same material or not.

Solution:

The edge length of the cube-1 = l = 1.05 cm

The volume of cube-1 =v

[tex]v=l^3=(1.05 cm)^3=1.16 cm^3[/tex]

Th mass of cube-1 = m = 14.32 g

The density of the cube-1 =d

[tex]d=\frac{m}{v}\\d=\frac{14.32 g}{1.16 cm^3}=12.3 g/cm^3[/tex]

The edge length of the cube-2 = l' = 2,66 cm

The volume first cube-2 =v'

[tex]v'=l'^3=(2.66 cm)^3=18.8 cm^3[/tex]

Th mass of cube-2 = m = 215.3g

The density of the cube-2 =d'

[tex]d'=\frac{m'}{v'}\\d'=\frac{215.3g}{ 18.8cm^3}=11.4g/cm^3[/tex]

The value density of cube-1 is different from that of cube-2, not at all similar which means that both the cubes are made up of different materials.

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The first-order rate constant for the thermal decomposition of phosphine can be calculated using the relationship between the half-life and the rate constant, resulting in a rate constant of 0.0198 s⁻¹.

The thermal decomposition of phosphine (PH₃) into phosphorus and molecular hydrogen is given as a first-order reaction, and the provided half-life of the reaction is 35.0 seconds at 680°C. To calculate the first-order rate constant for the reaction, we can use the relationship that for a first-order reaction, the half-life (t₁/2) is related to the rate constant (k) by the equation t₁/2 = ln(2) / k. Therefore, we can rearrange this formula to solve for k: k = ln(2) / t₁/2.

By plugging the values into the formula, we can calculate the rate constant as follows:

k = ln(2) / 35.0 s

k = 0.0198 s⁻¹

This is the rate constant for the first-order thermal decomposition of phosphine at the specified temperature.

The value of Kc for the second reaction is mathematically given as

Kc' = 3.769  

What isthe value of Kc for the second reaction?

Question Parameters:

kc = 7.04 × 10-2 for the reaction

2 hbr(g) ⇌h2(g) + br2(g)

1/2 h2(g) + 1/2 br2 ⇌hbr(g)

Generally, the equation for the reaction  is mathematically given as

2HBr(g) ⇄ H2(g) + Br2(g)

Therefore

Kc = [H2] [Br2] / [HBr]^2

7.04X10^-2 = [H2][Br] / [HBr]^2

Upon final reaction

Kc' = [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br2]^1/2

Hence

[tex]\sqrt{(1/7.04X10^-2)}= [HBr] / [H2]^1/2*[Br]^1/2}\\\\Kc' = \sqrt{(1/7.04X10^-2)[/tex]

Kc' = 3.769  

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Answer:

c

Explanation:

Answer:

Strengthens the evidence and support for a scientific theory.

Explanation:

Hello,

Scientific method provides a compelling tool scientists use to both develop and demonstrate new theories. As it involves both the observation and experimentation towards a specific subject of matter, it turns out convenient to consider alternative explanations substantiating such subject of matter in light of obtaining a more precise explanation for it. In such a way, this investigation of alternative explanations strengthens the evidence and support for a scientific theory.

Best regards.

Minerals form from water bodies by the process of [tex]\boxed{{\text{precipitation}}}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

The formation of minerals takes place in several ways. The mineral formation depends on the physical and chemical conditions. These conditions include temperature, pressure, pH, and time.

Precipitation

It is a process by which the dissolved minerals get free from water and as a result deposits are formed. It occurs when dissolved substances come out of water. Minerals form when precipitation takes place in aqueous solutions and from gaseous emissions as in case of volcanic eruptions.

Melting

The process that results in the conversion of any substance from a solid state to the liquid state is known as melting. Another term for this process is fusion.

Cooling

The process of removal of heat by lowering the temperature of any substance is known as cooling.

Condensation

This phase transition occurs when a substance is converted from its gaseous state to the liquid state. Variations in temperature and pressure are done in order to achieve this phase change.

Learn more:

Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Chapter: Phase transition

Subject: Chemistry

Keywords: minerals, precipitation, cooling, melting, condensation, pH, temperature, time, pressure, substance, phase transition, gaseous state, liquid state, heat, dissolved minerals, water bodies.

Final answer:

C6H5CH2CH2Br is not formed during the radical bromination of C6H5CH2CH3 because the intermediate benzyl radical, formed at the carbon adjacent to the aromatic ring, is much more stable than the primary radical needed for the other product. Selectivity is due to bromine's preference for stable radicals, supported by Hammond's postulate.

Explanation:

The reason why C6H5CH2CH2Br is not formed during the radical bromination of C6H5CH2CH3 involves the relative stability of the radical intermediate. Radical bromination tends to occur at the position that forms the most stable radical, which for a benzyl compound is the carbon atom directly adjacent to the aromatic ring. The radical formed at this position, a benzyl radical, is highly stabilized by resonance. In contrast, the radical that would be required to form C6H5CH2CH2Br is a primary radical, which is less stable and thus less likely to form. This selectivity is due to the fact that bromine radicals are relatively selective and prefer to abstract hydrogen atoms from positions that lead to more stable radical intermediates. Moreover, Hammond's postulate suggests that since the radical formation with bromine is endothermic, the transition state will more closely resemble the stable radical intermediate, leading to more selective radical formation.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O₂) to form carbon dioxide (CO₂) is 2 CO(g) + O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g), adhering to the law of conservation of mass.

The reaction between carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O₂) to form carbon dioxide (CO₂) can be represented by the following balanced chemical equation:

2 CO(g) + O₂(g) → 2 CO₂(g)

In balancing this equation, it is important to ensure that the number of each type of atom on the reactants side is equal to the number on the products side. Here, we have two carbon atoms and two oxygen atoms from the CO molecules and two oxygen atoms from the O₂ molecule, giving us a total of four oxygen atoms on the reactants side, which balance with the four oxygen atoms in the two CO₂ molecules on the right side of the equation.

This reaction demonstrates the law of conservation of mass, where the mass of the reactants equals the mass of the products. In this case, the coefficients used are the smallest possible whole numbers that maintain this balance.

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Answer:

The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.

Explanation:

Let's consider a reaction of the kind A → B.

A general rate law has the following form:

r = k . [A]ⁿ

where,

r: reaction rate

k: reaction constant

[A]: molar concentration of the reactant A

n: order of reaction for A

For a first-order reaction, the rate law is:

r = k . [A]

Give the characteristic of a first-order reaction having only one reactant.

The rate of the reaction is proportional to the square root of the concentration of the reactant. NO. This would happen if n = 1/2.

The rate of the reaction is proportional to the square of the concentration of the reactant. NO. This would happen if n = 2

The rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant. YES.

The rate of the reaction is proportional to the natural logarithm of the concentration of the reactant. NO. This could never happen.

The rate of the reaction is not proportional to the concentration of the reactant. NO. This would happen if n = 0.

The characteristic of a first order reaction having only one reactant is that the rate of the reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the reactant.

First order reactions are those reactions in which rate of the chemical reaction will depends on the concentration of the only reactant of the reaction.

Suppose a chemical reaction in which reactant A will form product B as:

A → B

So, Rate of the reaction is directly depends on the concentration of the A reactant.

Hence, option (3) is correct.

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Answer:

False.

Explanation:

Hexanal is a non-polar compound while water is a polar solvent.

We have the role "Like dissolves like".

So, hexanal is insoluble in water.

The theoretical yield of iron (II) sulfide would be 155.92 g

It is the total stoichiometric product from a reaction.

From the equation of the reaction:

2Fe(s) + 3S(s) → Fe2S3(s)

The mole ratio of Fe to Fe2S3 is 2:1

Mole of 83.77 g Fe = 83.77/55.85

                               = 1.4999 moles

Equivalent mole of Fe2S3 = 1.4999/2

                                            = 0.75 moles

Mass of 0.75 mole Fe2S3 = 0.75 x 207.9

                                             = 155.92 g

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Answer:

30

Explanation:

To find out the neutron number of an element we must first know what the mass value of that element is and the value of the atom number of that element. To find out these values, just look for the element in the periodic table. Once discovered simply subtract the values using the formula:

No. of neutrons = mass - atom number.

In the case of Cr, the mass is 54, while the atom number is 24. So we can find the number of neutrons.

Cr Neutrons = 54-24 = 30

Final answer:

The correct formula for potassium superoxide formed when 0.779 g of potassium reacts with an excess of oxygen to form 1.417 g of the compound is[tex]KO_{2}[/tex]

Explanation:

The formula for potassium superoxide can be determined by considering the mass of potassium reacted and the mass of the resultant compound formed. In this case, 0.779 grams of potassium reacts with oxygen to form 1.417 grams of potassium superoxide. Knowing that the potassium has fully reacted and become part of the potassium superoxide, we can deduce that the difference in mass (1.417 g - 0.779 g = 0.638 g) must be due to the oxygen present in the compound.

The simplest ratio between potassium (K) and oxygen (O) that could form a compound would be a 1:1 ratio, which gives us KO. However, based on the provided information, potassium superoxide has a different stoichiometry where 1 mol of potassium reacts with oxygen to form a compound with the formula [tex]KO_{2}[/tex], which is a superoxide. This means there are two oxygen atoms for every potassium atom in the compound.

Therefore, the correct formula for potassium superoxide, as formed in the reaction with an excess of oxygen, is [tex]KO_{2}[/tex].

The pH of a buffer containing NH3 and NH4Cl is determined by the equilibrium between NH4+ and NH3 in water, with the reaction NH4+ (aq) + H2O(l) → H3O+ (aq) + NH3(aq). The reaction demonstrates the action of the ammonium ion as a weak acid, and its Ka is calculated using the Ka = Kw/Kb relationship. The chloride ion does not undergo significant hydrolysis, so it does not affect the pH of the buffer.

The chemical reaction responsible for the pH of a buffer containing NH3 (ammonia) and NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) involves the equilibrium between NH4+ and NH3 in water:

NH4+ (aq) + H2O(l) ⇒ H3O+ (aq) + NH3(aq)

This represents the dissociation of the ammonium ion, which is a weak acid, in water to produce hydronium ions (H3O+) and ammonia. Since ammonia is a weak base, the corresponding acid dissociation constant (Ka) can be calculated using the relation Ka = Kw/Kb, where Kw is the ion product of water and Kb is the base dissociation constant of ammonia.

The chloride ion, being the conjugate base of the strong acid hydrochloric acid (HCl), does not undergo significant hydrolysis in water:

Cl-(aq) + H2O(l) → HCl(aq) + OH−(aq)

Since HCl is a strong acid, the equilibrium constant (Ka) for its conjugate base, Cl-, is essentially zero, which means Cl- does not affect the buffer solution's pH appreciably.

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