As Marie rounded the corner, she saw that people were already boarding her bus. Worried that she would miss her ride to campus, she sprinted to the bus stop. In what order were skeletal muscles recruited during her sprint?
Explanation:
There are three types of skeletal muscles in the body
Slow oxidative muscles have a high supply of oxygen and use aerobic respiration, contain a high supply of myoglobin; use triglycerides as the main supply of fuel and fatigue very slowly, have a low contractile velocity and break down ATP slowlyThey have a small muscle fiber diameter and therefore produce a low contractile forceSlow oxidative muscles are used mainly in long-distance activities such as running a marathonThey are found in places in the body that require a great deal of support, such as back and upper legsFast oxidative muscles use aerobic respiration and contain a high amount of oxygen, myoglobin and mitochondria, but they break down ATP quickly and therefore contract quicklyThey have a medium diameter, which means that that the contraction force is greater than in slow oxidative musclesThe main fuel source is glycogenFast oxidative muscles fatigue a bit more quickly then slow oxidative and are used in middle distance events, such as running or swimming Fast glycolytic fibers primarily use anaerobic glycolysis as their ATP sourceThey have a large diameter and possess large volumes of glycogen which is used in glycolysis to generate ATP quicklyFast glycolytic fibers fatigue quickly, permitting them to only be used for short periodsSo,during sprint skeletal muscles follow the order as: There are three types of skeletal muscles in the body
Final answer:
During Marie's sprint, her skeletal muscle recruitment starts with motor neuron activation, first engaging slow-twitch fibers and then rapidly recruiting fast-twitch fibers for explosive power, sustained by ATP from anaerobic respiration.
Explanation:
During Marie's sprint to the bus stop, the skeletal muscles in her legs were recruited in a specific order to facilitate fast and powerful movement. Initially, her brain sent a signal through her motor neurons to engage the muscles. The process begins with the recruitment of type II fibers, which are fast-twitch muscle fibers. These fibers are responsible for the explosive strength needed for a sprint and are activated when quick, forceful contractions are necessary.
Recruitment of muscle fibers follows the size principle, starting with the smaller slow-twitch fibers (type I) which are engaged during lower intensity, endurance activities as they are more fatigue-resistant. However, as the demand for force increases quickly, like when Marie needed to sprint, the larger fast-twitch fibers are recruited. This would include, in the legs, muscles such as the quadriceps, hamstrings, gastrocnemius, and gluteus maximus.
Marie's skeletal muscle recruitment would have followed this sequence: motor neuron activation, activation of type I fibers, followed by the rapid recruitment of type II fibers. Throughout her sprint, muscle contraction would be sustained by ATP produced via anaerobic respiration due to the high-intensity nature of the activity.
Can anyone pls do this if you did 8th-grade science enginuity lab report
Answer:
do what exactly? ask a question if you need help
Which is the best example of physical weathering? *
A) The cracking of rock caused by the freezing and thawing of water
B) The transportation of sediment in a stream
C) The reaction of limestone with acid rainwater
D) The formation of a sandbar along the side of a stream
Answer:
Which is the best example of physical weathering?
The cracking of rock caused by the freezing and thawing of water
Explanation:
The cracking of rock caused by the freezing and thawing of water is the best example of physical weathering
There are approximately 1 million ants for every how many people on the planet?
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What are the types of symmetry?
A) proto- and deutero-
B) bilateral and radial
C) psuedo- and true
D) endo- and ecto-
Answer:
the answer is B
Answer:
bilateral and radial
I need help with my biology, any takers ?
If you removed mutualistic ants from acacia trees, there would be Group of answer choices more atmospheric nitrogen available to acacia. less atmospheric nitrogen available to acacia. fewer herbivorous insects on the acacia. more herbivorous insects on the acacia. Next
Removing mutualistic ants from acacia trees would result in more herbivorous insects on the acacia as the ants protect the trees by attacking leaf-eating organisms. Hence, the last option is correct.
More herbivorous insects on the acacia is seen because the ants have a symbiotic relationship with the acacia trees where they provide protection against herbivores. The acacia trees offer shelter and food to the ants, while the ants defend the trees by stinging and attacking leaf-eating organisms. In such a mutualistic relationship, the removal of one partner often results in negative consequences for the other, in this case, an increase in herbivorous insects that would otherwise be kept at bay by the ants.
The cross section below represents large boulders made of granite, gneiss, and quartzite that are found lying on limestone bedrock near Oswego, New York.
If no overturning of bedrock has occurred, which statement correctly explains the source of boulders?
A)The limestone was changed by contact metamorphism caused by a lava flow
B)The limestone bedrock formed under conditions of heat and pressure
C)Older igneous and metamorphic bedrock that once covered the limestone eroded away, forming the boulders
D)The boulders were transported and deposited on the limestone bedrock by a glacier
Answer:
D)The boulders were transported and deposited on the limestone bedrock by a glacier
Explanation:
Most rock boulders especially of this type can be interpreted to have been transported and deposited in this location.
It is the most geologic explanation for the occurrence of the boulders here.
Boulders according to the udden-wentworth's scale have the largest particle size of all sediments known. The term boulder is used relatively for sedimentary rocks as well as for large chunks of any rock type.Now that we know what a boulder is, let us delve into the nature of rock type it is.
The boulders here metamorphic and igneous rock types
If contact metamorphism had occurred, the rock on top would have been marble. Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is metamorphosed to marble. The boulders are extraneous to the underlining lithology. There is no relationship between them. Therefore, only glaciers are capable of moving such random materials of that size from one place to another.Suppose two plants with light purple/lavender flowers are crossed. About 25% of the offspring have white flowers, 25% have purple flowers and 50% have lavender flowers. Which of the following could explain these results: codominance, incomplete dominance, or multiple alleles? Explain.
The distribution of flower colors in the cross between two lavender plants could be explained by incomplete dominance. This inheritance pattern involves neither allele being completely dominant, resulting in an offspring phenotype that's intermediate between the parent phenotypes. Given this, 25% of offspring flowers will be purple, 50% lavender, and 25% white.
Explanation:The scenario you're describing with the distribution of 25% white flowers, 50% lavender flowers, and 25% purple flowers in the offspring of two lavender plants could be explained most accurately by incomplete dominance. Incomplete dominance is a form of inheritance where neither allele is completely dominant, and hence the offspring phenotype is somewhere in between the two parent phenotypes.
In your case, the lavender color could be the result of incomplete dominance between white and purple color alleles. If a lavender (heterozygous) plant is crossed with another lavender plant, the Mendelian inheritance expectation would be: ~25% of the offspring will inherit two purple alleles (and be purple), ~50% will inherit a purple and a white allele (and be lavender) and ~25% will inherit two white alleles (and be white).
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The method of protecting an embryo from dehydration is due to the evolution of the _______
All of the following processes are functions of the urinary system except __________.
Answer:
The correct answer is "production of urea".
Explanation:
The missing options of this question are:
-elimination of urine
-regulation of blood volume
-production of urea
-excretion of excess ions such as sodium or potassium.
The correct answer is "production of urea".
Urea, also known as carbamide, is a nitrogenous compound used by the body to excrete nitrogen that will not be used anymore. The production of urea is not a function of the urinary system, although it is used by the urinary system. Urea is produced in the liver as an end product of a series of biochemical reactions.
Hello, your question is missing its options so I went online to find them.
Here they are:
All of the following processes are functions of the urinary system EXCEPT __________.
A. elimination of urine .
B. excretion of excess ions such as sodium or potassium .
C. regulation of blood volume .
D. production of urea.
Answer:
The correct answer is: D. production of urea.
Explanation:
The urinary system is the system responsible for the filtration of the blood and the elimination of wastes. When blood reaches the nephrons (the structural unit of the kidneys), it is filtered in order to eliminate anything that is not of use. Once filtered, the components that travel through the tubules in the nephrons can be reabsorbed into the bloodstream or have the addition of products that are secreted from the blood and into the tubules for them to be excreted.
The production and elimination of urine are fundamental for the correct functioning of the body, as it regulates the concentration of ions and water, which deeply impacts in the volume and osmolarity of the extracellular fluids such as blood plasma and interstitial fluid. This way, it can be said that the urinary system is responsible for A) the elimination of urine, B) the excretion of excess ions, and c) the regulation of blood volume.
Urea, however, although it has an important role in the reabsorption of water and ions in the nephrons, it is not produced in the urinary system. Urea is a carrier of waste nitrogen.
Explain how the musculoskeletal system maintains homeostasis.
Answer:
Skeletal muscles generate heat. Muscle contraction requires energy and produces heat as a byproduct of metabolism.
Explanation:
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Which of the answers below best describes the class of questions that Insel and Young were addressing when they studied the effect of antidiuretic hormone on monogamous voles by experimentally increasing the number of receptors in the brain?
proximate; survival-value/adaptation
ultimate; developmental/ontogenetic
ultimate; mechanistic
proximate; mechanistic
Proximate; mechanistic best describes the class of questions that Insel and Young were addressing when they studied the effect of anti-diuretic hormone on monogamous voles.
Explanation:
Genetic researchers, Insel and Young, conducted various studies to analyze the neurobiological aspects of pair bonding on monogamous voles. This was done by studying the changes observed due to the action of the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin, when their receptors were increased. The transgenic voles exhibited differential gene expressions which explained the proximate and mechanistic mating behavior.
The role of the antidiuretic hormone explained the neurochemical mechanisms of the voles mating behaviors like bonding, attachment etc. Rather than increasing the amount of hormone, just by increasing the receptors of the hormone, male voles showed an increased social reproductive behavior.
Insel and Young's study on the effect of antidiuretic hormone on monogamous voles is classified as a proximate, mechanistic inquiry. It concentrates on the physiological mechanisms that influence behavior.
Explanation:The class of questions that Insel and Young were addressing when they studied the effect of antidiuretic hormone on monogamous voles by experimentally increasing the number of receptors in the brain is best described as proximate; mechanistic. This approach addresses the 'how' questions of biology, focusing on the physiological, genetic, or environmental influences on behavior. In this case, the researchers were trying to understand the physiological mechanisms (antidiuretic hormone and its brain receptors) that influence the social behavior (monogamy) of voles.
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The food web above represents feeding relationships in a biological community near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Hydrothermal vents are geysers on the seafloor that gush super-heated, mineral-rich water. The seawater surrounding hydrothermal vents typically contains carbon dioxide (CO2), molecular hydrogen (H2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methane (CH4). Sunlight, however, fails to reach the seafloor where deep-sea hydrothermal vents are located.
As part of an investigation, researchers collected living specimens from an area near a deep-sea hydrothermal vent. Mussels in the collection were found to be dependent on molecular hydrogen in seawater. Also, the researchers discovered multiple species of bacteria living in the gills of the mussels. Mussels use gills for filter-feeding and gas exchange with the surrounding seawater. On the basis of their experimental results, the researchers hypothesized that some bacteria living in the gills of the mussels are capable of chemosynthesis. Which of the following best explains how biological communities near deep-sea hydrothermal vents can exist in a habitat lacking sunlight?
Answer: the bacteria in the habitat are the primary producer that relies on chemosynthesis (ability of organisms to produce their own food by anabolism of chemicals). Due to the the presence of h2S (hydrogen sulphide), the organisms are most probably Sulphur bacteria, liberating hydrogen as by products. This ability means that the bacteria can flourish without sunlight. The mussel are the secondary filter that feeds on the flourishing bacteria population. This build up to form a community whose primary energy source is from the minerals liberated by the vent and hence doesn't require sunlight.
Answer:Some organisms rely on energy captured from inorganic compounds to drive basic biological processes.
Explanation:
What substance, produced during photosynthesis,
provides food for plants and animals in a food
web?
.
carbon dioxide uced during photosynthesis and
atmosphere?
water
glucose
oxygen
Answer:
Glucose produced during photosynthesis, provides food for plants and animals in a food web
Explanation:
The main product of photosynthesis is glucose, which is the molecule that produces energy to run the processes of the cell. Oxygen is mainly a byproduct of the process of photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, plants generate glucose, a type of sugar that serves as food for both the plants and animals in a food web.
Explanation:The substance that is produced during photosynthesis and provides food for plants and animals in a food web is glucose. Photosynthesis is a process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. In this process, green plants in particular absorb sunlight and take in carbon dioxide and water from the environment to create glucose, which is a type of sugar that serves as a fundamental energy source in living organisms. The plants can then use the glucose for their own energy, or it can be consumed by animals, thereby entering the food web.
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Fill in the blank.
In RNA, the nucleotide _______ is used in place of thymine in DNA.
In eukaryotes, mRNA is transcribed in the _______ and then transported to the cytoplasm for translation.
tRNA molecules physically link the mRNA message and the _______ it encodes for.
The ribosome is made of proteins and _______.
Respond to the following based on your reading.
How are DNA and RNA similar in structure? How are they different in structure?
What are the three main RNA subtypes involved in protein synthesis? What do they do?
What is a retrovirus, and how does it work? Name an example of a retrovirus.
Answer:
Uracil, nucleus, amino acid, RNA
Explanation:
There are four nucleotide bases present in DNA and RNA, three of them ar esame in both that includes Adenine, Guanine and Cytocine but one base is different that includes Thymine in DNA and Uracil in RNA.
In eukaryotes, RNA is transcribed in the nucleus which is transported to the cytoplasm and further translated by the ribososm.
The physical link between tRNA molceules and mRNA , if it is carrying an amino acid. The tRNA molecules matches the amino acids to Codons in mRNA and link with hydrogen bonds.
The ribososme is made of RNA and proteins.
Hence, the sequential order of blanks will be filled with Uracil, nucleus, amino acid, RNA.
DNA are RNA are two important components of living body. they have some similiarities and differences as well. They differ in their structure as DNA has double stranded or double helical structure while RNA is single stranded. similarities in the structure of DNA nd RNA is that they both have phosphorus backbone attached with four nitrogenous bases each.
There are three major types of RNA including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA) nad transfer RNA (tRNA) functions for serving as temporary copies of the information found in DNA, serve as structural components of ribosomes (protein-making structures) and tranfer amino acids to the ribosome respectively.
Retroviruses are type of virus that carry reverse transcriptase to translate its genetic information into DNA. it inserts a copy of its genome into the host cell DNA and change the genome of that cell. example of retrovirus is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans.
1. In RNA, the nucleotide uracil is used in place of thymine in DNA.
2. In eukaryotes, mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus and then transported to the cytoplasm for translation.
3. tRNA molecules physically link the mRNA message and the amino acid it encodes for.
4. The ribosome is made of proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA).
Therefore, the correct blanks for 1, 2, 3 and 4 are uracil, nucleus, amino acid and ribosomal RNA respectively.
Nucleic acids made of nucleotides include DNA and RNA. Their phosphate-sugar backbones are comparable. However, they differ in that they contain different sugars (ribose in RNA versus deoxyribose in DNA) and uracil replaces thymine in DNA in RNA.
There are three main RNA subtypes:
1. Messenger RNA (mRNA): Serves as a template for protein synthesis by delivering genetic information from DNA to ribosomes.
2. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA): constitutes the structural and functional core of the ribosome, which is essential for the production of proteins.
3. Transfer RNA (tRNA) carries amino acids to the ribosome where they are matched to the codons of mRNA during translation.
Retrovirus is an RNA virus that converts its RNA genome into DNA by reverse transcription before integrating that DNA into the host cell's genome. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, serves as an example. HIV compromises the host's immune system by infecting immune cells.
Therefore, the correct blanks for 1, 2, 3 and 4 are uracil, nucleus, amino acid and ribosomal RNA respectively.
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How is the brain able to differentiate between each sensory modality? A The action potentials, sent along the same nerve tracts, get sorted by the thalamus B The action potentials for each sense are sent along separate nerve tracts. C Each sense uses different neurotransmitters. D Each sensory input, passing through the same tracts, triggers action potentials in different patterns.
Explanation:
A sensory modality is a channel of input from a receptor mosaic along a nerve and allows the possibility of filtering the inputs of the nerve or channelThe brain recognizes the different kinds of sensation (modalities) as separate/distinct because each modality sends its action potentials along separate nerves/tractsNeural activity in one line signals a sound, activity in another signals a smell, activity in another signals touchOne can even distinguish between different types of touch since some signal light touch, others signal vibration, and others signal stretching of skinWhich statement best describes
the streams on either side of the
Great Divide?
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Edge 2021
In the Congo, 4% of newborns have sickle-cell disease, a recessive trait. In a population of 1000 individuals, how many would you expect to be homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and homozygous recessive (SS, Ss, ss)?
Answer:
Homozygous dominant would be 480.
Heterozygous would be 480.
Homozygous recessive would be 40.
Explanation:
In order to find how many would have the disease (homozygous recessive) you would have to multiply the population by the percentage affected (4% or .04). Then subtract 40 from 1000 and get 960. Then you divide that by 2 and get 480.
There is a type of algae that lives in the cells of corals. These algae process carbon through photosynthesis and pass it on to corals in the form of glucose
These algae process carbon through photosynthesis and pass it on to corals in the form of glucose, a sugar that provides the energy corals need
If global warming continues, corals will continue to expel the algae from their cells to avoid poisonous build up. This will cause corals to die. Without corals, the algae are not protected and cannot perform photosynthesis. This will cause the algae to die as well.
Which phrases describe igneous rocks that cool quickly during formation
Answer:
small crystals A
Explanation:
Answer: A smoll crustals
Chlorophyll molecules are in which part of the chloroplast?
Answer:
thylakoid membrane
Explanation:
The green pigment chlorophyll is located within the thylakoid membrane, and the space between the thylakoid and the chloroplast membranes is called the stroma
Chlorophyll molecules, which are key in photosynthesis, are located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. They absorb light to initiate the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Explanation:Chlorophyll molecules are located in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast. The thylakoid membrane is a system of interconnected discs where the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur. These reactions convert light energy into chemical energy, specifically ATP and NADPH, which are then used in the Calvin cycle in the stroma of the chloroplast to create glucose. The chlorophyll in the thylakoid membrane absorbs light and uses that energy to initiate photosynthesis.
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What is an example of a voucher?
Answer:
few examples of vouchers include bill receipts, cash memos, pay-in-slips, checks, an invoice, a debit or credit note.
Explanation:
Filtrate becomes less concentrated as it flows down the medullary collecting ducts. True or False
Answer:
False.
Explanation:
At the medullary collecting ducts there is variable and further reabsorption of water, sodium , potassium, hydrogen and bicarbonate. It become freely permeable to water solute. The outer medulary duct raise the concentration of intraluminal urine and the inner medulary duct allow maximally concentration of urine due to osmotic water equilibration
A brown fruit fly was crossed with a black fruit fly as shown below. What is the probability of a resulting offspring being black?
A.
100%
B.
75%
C.
25%
D.
50%
Answer:
B 75%
Explanation:
After a copper smelter begins operation, local populations of plants downwind of the plant begin to adapt to the resulting air pollution. Scientists document, for example, that the acid tolerance of several plant species has increased significantly in the polluted area. This is an example of a response to:________.
a) stabilizing selection.
b) heterozygote advantage.
c) disruptive selection.
d) genetic drift.
e) directional selection.
Answer:
e) directional selection
Explanation:
Directional Selection:
The type of natural selection that favors one of the extremes of the phenotype spectrum, shifting the allele frequency to one directionThis type of selection selects against intermediate and one of the extreme phenotypes. In this particular case, the increasing pollution has pushed the plants to evolve better acid tolerance. This indicates that if the environmental conditions worsen, only the acid tolerant plants will be able to survive.* Another example is illustrated in the image. The graph shows the shifts in allele frequency.
Answer:
Plant species that have increased their tolerance to acid in the presence of environmental contaminants is an example of a response to directional selection (option e).
Explanation:
Directional selection favors a specific trait within some individuals in the population, because they develop greater biological efficiency or have adapted better to environmental changes.
If a graph is made according to the characteristic of "acid tolerance" -where perhaps few plants are tolerant- the presence of a contaminated environment will favor the reproduction and survival of acid-tolerant plants, making resistant plants more frequent in the graph.
Because environmental conditions change, when the change persists over time, an inherited trait -such as acid resistance- is favored, making the population with this trait more frequent.
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Widows peak is dominant to no widows peak. Determine the genotype and phenotype ratios for a homozygous dominant female and a homozygous recessive male
Answer:
All children will have genotype Ww and phenotype widow's peak.
Explanation:
Widow's peak (W) is dominant over no widow's peak (w). So,
WW, Ww = widow's peak
ww = no widow's peak
Female = homozygous dominant = WW
Male = homozygous recessive = ww
WW X ww :
W W
w Ww Ww
w Ww Ww
All the children will have genotype Ww and phenotype widow's peak.
A homozygous dominant female (WW) and a homozygous recessive male (ww) will have offspring with a genotype ratio of 1:0:0 (WW:Ww:ww) and a phenotype ratio of 1:0 (widow's peak:no widow's peak). This is because the dominant trait (widow's peak) will be expressed in all offspring.
Explanation:In this scenario, widow's peak is the dominant trait, which is symbolized by 'W', while no widow's peak is the recessive trait, symbolized by 'w'. For the homozygous dominant female, the genotype will be 'WW' and her phenotype will display a widow's peak. Conversely, a homozygous recessive male will carry the 'ww' genotype and his phenotype will display no widow's peak.
When these two mate, all offspring will carry one allele from each parent. All genotypes will therefore be 'Ww', yielding a genotype ratio of 1:0:0 (WW:Ww:ww). The phenotype ratio will be 1:0 (widow's peak:no widow's peak), because the dominant trait of widow's peak will be expressed in all offspring, while the recessive trait, no widow's peak, will not appear.
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Which process would most likely cause the most dramatic weathering?
A. rain and runoff
B. snow and melting
C. rain and evaporation
D. freezing and thawing
Answer:
hi! your answer should be (D.) freezing and thawing
Answer:
(D.) freezing and thawing
Explanation:
The rate of osmosis across a cell membrane depends upon which of the following? I: Intracellular solute concentration II: Extracellular solute concentration III: Polarity of solutes IV: Molecular weight of solutes V: The presence of aquaporins
Answer:
aquaporins
Explanation:
aquaporins are channel proteins that allow water to flow through a membrane. The rate of osmosis depends on ratio of intracellular to extracellular concentration as well as the presence of aquaporins in the cell membrane
The rate of osmosis across a cell membrane depends on the following :
Intracellular solute concentration ( I )Extracellular solute concentration ( II )The presence of aquaporins ( V )Osmosis is the diffusion of water or liquid solvents through a semi-permeable membrane. the semi-permeable membrane prevents the passage of solutes during osmosis.
The rate of osmosis depends on the concentration of solute present in the solvent, inside and outside the cell. while the presence of aquaporins also improves the rate of osmosis as it aids the flow of the solvent through the semi-permeable membrane. while
The polarity of solutes does not affect the rate of osmosis as the rate of osmosis is dependent on concentration gradient and not polarity of solutes. the molecular weight of solutes does not have a significant effect on the rate of osmosis as well.
we can conclude that the intercellular, extracellular solute concentration and the presence of aquaporins have significant effect on the rate of osmosis across a cell membrane.
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This is an internal support structure of an animal that gives the body structure and shape?
Answer:
skeleton
Explanation:
Answer:
Endoskeleton the answer above is corrects but not specific.