What is the ER doing that is different in each case??
What is the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs called the cisternae. It is of two types namely the rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The surface of rough ER is characterized by the presence of the ribosomes whereas the surface of the smooth ER is smooth and do not show the presence of ribosomes.
The function of the rough ER and the smooth ER are different from each other. The rough ER is involved in the manufacture, packaging of proteins and synthesis of enzymes. The smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones and lipid metabolism.
The ER can be rough or smooth, with the former involved in protein synthesis and the latter in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage. Both types are responsible for different kinds of cellular functions and their presence varies depending on the cell type. Proteins synthesized on the RER are also subject to folding and other modifications inside the ER.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. There are two distinct types: rough ER (RER), which is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis; and smooth ER (SER), which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification processes, and calcium ion storage. Rough ER is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are either destined for the cell membrane, secretion, or as part of the cell's membrane system. While smooth ER is associated with lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Cells possess their own ER, but its functions extend beyond emergency situations. Proteins are made on the RER and undergo important modifications, such as folding with the help of chaperones and addition of carbohydrates through glycosylation. Following synthesis and modification, proteins are transported to various destinations within the cell or outside of it. Folding and modification are crucial as they ensure that proteins achieve the correct three-dimensional structure necessary for their function. The ER lumen's environment permits the formation of disulfide bonds which are critical for stabilizing proteins. In the ER, proteins may also undergo modifications like glycosylation, which involves adding sugar moieties, and the assembly of multimeric proteins.
The amygdala is most involved in the processing of ________ memory
Where in the cell are the different types of RNA found?
The three main types of RNA—mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA—are found in specific cellular locations: mRNA in the cytoplasm , rRNA in ribosomes in the cytoplasm and on the endoplasmic reticulum, and tRNA in the cytoplasm aiding in protein synthesis.
Each of these RNAs is found in specific locations within the cell:
mRNA: After transcription, mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and then transported to the cytoplasm. There, it carries genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosomes, where protein synthesis occurs.rRNA: This type of RNA is a key component of ribosomes, which can either be free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. rRNA helps form the structure of ribosomes and participates in protein synthesis.tRNA: Located primarily in the cytoplasm, tRNA is responsible for translating the genetic code into a sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis. It carries amino acids to the ribosome to be added to the growing polypeptide chain.Plants that have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their roots are called _____.
Danny has taken a cross section of a seed. Which of the following are the parts that he will see?
A small creek runs through a mature forest, keeping the soil around the creek damp all year. A variety of ferns and several flowering plants thrive in this shady, moist area. Along the higher ground above the creek, many species of flowering plants that need less water grow. If a farmer diverted the creek to water his fields, causing the creek to dry up, what would be the most likely long-term consequence for the ferns and angiosperms in the forest?
Answer:
The correct answer will be both ferns and angiosperms number will decrease in area.
Explanation:
The creek is a geographical term used for the minor tributary of a river. When this creek passes through any forest it can act as a source of water to the plants growing in nearby areas which requires plant for their growth and development.
In the given condition when this creek was diverted to the agriculture land caused drying up of creek which influenced plant life present it that area as:
1. Ferns: they will show a decline in their number as they require water not just for their growth but also to complete their life cycle. Their reproduction is incomplete without water as their male gametes need water for fertilization.
2. Angiosperms: the flowering plants will also decrease in the nearby area as they absorb water to maintain their structure, growth and development like water helps in the opening of petals of a flower (reproductive structure).
Thus, both ferns and angiosperms number will decrease in area is the correct answer.
Which of the following statements is true? (1 point)
A) Atoms exist in more types than molecules do.
B) Molecules result when atoms lose electrons.
C) Atoms bond with one another in a molecule.
D) Molecules result when atoms acquire extra neutrons.
A botanist measures a plant's growth at 3cm over a two week period the information she gathers is called
It would be quantitative data
The exchange of materials between the blood and the intracellular fluid (icf) occurs readily through structures known as
The exchange of materials between the blood and intracellular fluid occurs through capillaries. Blood plasma and Interstitial Fluid (IF) play crucial roles during this process as Blood plasma carries materials for exchange and IF acts as an intermediary space. The cell membrane regulates what materials can pass through.
Explanation:The exchange of materials between the blood and the intracellular fluid (ICF) occurs through structures known as capillaries. Materials travel between cells and the plasma in the capillaries through the Interstitial Fluid (IF). The IF is part of the extracellular fluid that fills the space between cells. Cellular waste, nutrients, gases, and other small components are transported through this space. This is facilitated by the selectively permeable cell membrane which helps regulate the passage of materials.
The blood plasma, a primary component of the extracellular fluid, transports a variety of materials like blood cells, electrolytes, nutrients, and waste. Hence, it plays a crucial role in the exchange process. The Interstitial Fluid (IF) is another vital player in the process, acting as an intermediary space through which substances are exchanged between blood and intracellular fluid.
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Ddee pea plants can produce _____ type(s) of gametes, but a ddee plant can produce _____ type(s) of gametes.view available hint(s)ddee pea plants can produce _____ type(s) of gametes, but a ddee plant can produce _____ type(s) of gametes.one ... twofour ... twofour ... onetwo ... one
Vitamin A vitamin C calcium and blank are required to appear on nutritional labels
Answer: Vitamins A, vitamin C, calcium, and Iron
Explanation: :)
Give an example of a response that our Autonomic Nervous System might have (something that our bodies do that we don't usually consciously control or think about).
What happens if one part of an ecosystem is damaged or destroyed?
A(n) _____ is a cell that specializes in receiving and transmitting information
a. corpus callosum
b. dendrite
c. neuron
d. axon
If the frequency of p = 0.8, what is the frequency of the heterozygous genotype?
A. 1.6
B. 3.2
C. 0.32
D. 0.16
Answer:
According to Hardy Weinberg theorem, the answer comes out to be: 0.32.
By applying the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium principle, with p = 0.8 and q = 0.2, the frequence of the heterozygous genotype( 2pq) is set up to be0.32. therefore, the correct answer is option C.0.32.
The question pertains to the Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, which is a principle used in biology to calculate genotype frequentness in a population.
Given the frequence of the dominant allele p = 0.8, we can find the frequence of the heterozygous genotype( 2pq) by knowing that q = 1-p. therefore, q = 0.2.
The frequence of the heterozygous genotype is calculated as 2pq = 2(0.8)(0.2) = 0.32. thus, the correct answer is 0.32.
Vasomotion because of changes in ph or co2 levels would be a result of __________?
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the ______.
Name three effects that inbreeding can have on a population
Inbreeding is defined as mating or breeding of individuals that are closely related to each other such as organisms that are related in which is done to produce offspring.
Three effects that inbreeding cam have on a population are the following;
- Susceptibility to disease will be decreased
- Offspring number will be reduced
- Genetic variability is decreased
Some parasitic leeches are attracted by warmth. what type of host would you expect such leeches to have, and what would be the adaptive advantage of this attraction
What is the name for the living parts of an ecosystem?
a. biome factors
b. biotic factors
c. abiotic factors
d. aerobic factors?
Answer:
B; biotic factors
What is the name of the superficial bone that extends down the front of the lower leg? patella?
Which type of gland produces hormones? which type of gland produces hormones? unicellular exocrine glands holocrine glands endocrine glands multicellular exocrine glands?
Endocrine glands produce hormones, while unicellular and multicellular exocrine glands secrete substances like mucus or enzymes through ducts.
Endocrine glands are the specific type of glands that produce and secrete hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers secreted directly into the bloodstream by endocrine glands.
These hormones travel through the circulatory system to reach target cells or organs in distant parts of the body, where they regulate various physiological processes and maintain homeostasis.
Unicellular exocrine glands are individual secretory cells scattered within epithelial tissues. They secrete substances directly into the external environment or onto a surface through a duct.
However, they do not produce hormones; instead, they typically produce mucus or other substances that aid in functions like lubrication and protection.
Multicellular exocrine glands, on the other hand, are composed of multiple cells that work together to produce and secrete substances through a duct onto a surface or into a body cavity.
These substances can include enzymes, sweat, saliva, and other exocrine products. Similar to unicellular exocrine glands, multicellular exocrine glands do not produce hormones.
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What was the first space telescope built by NASA?
A) Hubble Space Telescope
B) James Webb Space Telescope
C) Chandra X-ray Observatory
D) Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Hyperpolarization means that the ________. membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential membrane potential becomes slightly more positive than the resting potential potassium gates open sodium gates open
Answer:
Option A, membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential
Explanation:
Hyper polarization is just opposite of depolarization. In depolarization, the membrane potential becomes slightly positive than the resting potential while in Hyper polarization the membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential.
The v Na+/K+ pump moves the ion against the concentration gradient through the non-gated channels thereby causing the membrane potential more negative.
Hyperpolarization means that the membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential.
Explanation:Hyperpolarization means that the membrane potential becomes slightly more negative than the resting potential.
This is due to an excessive efflux of potassium ions or an influx of chloride ions causing the inside of the cell to become more negative compared to the outside. It is an important mechanism in neuronal signaling and helps regulate the generation of action potentials.Learn more about Hyperpolarization here:https://brainly.com/question/33440884
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Which organelle is the primary site of atp synthesis in eukaryotic cells?
a. lysosome
b. vacuole
c. mitochondrion
d. peroxisome?
What type of enzyme in the replisome catalyzes addition of nucleotides to the growing dna strands?
Cross-sectional views of an artery and of a vein are shown here. identify each on the lines
When scientists classify living things, they do not include viruses. This is because viruses
A) cause disease.
B) do not contain DNA.
C) are not made of one or more cells.
D) are much smaller than other organisms.
the answer is:
C. are not made of one or more cells.A client has a respiratory rate of 38 breaths/min. what effect does breathing faster have on arterial ph level?
What occurs when objects free fall near the Earth’s surface? constant acceleration constant speed constant distance constant velocity
Answer:
constant acceleration
Explanation:
When an object falls under the action of gravity only it is said that the it is moving under freely. We know that with an increase in height the value of acceleration due to gravity decreases. It is equal to 9.8 m/s².
g is inversely proportional to the radius of the earth. It is more at poles as compared to equator.
So, when the objects fall freely near the surface of earth the object will move under constant acceleration.