Temperament and emotionality studies demonstrate that these characteristics are fundamental aspects of an individual's personality and can be observed from early childhood.
According to the research by Buss and Plomin (1975), temperament includes traits such as emotionality, activity, sociability, and impulsivity. They found that impulsivity tends to appear only when a child enters school, so their final list of basic temperaments includes only emotionality, activity, and sociability.
Jerome Kagan, a prominent developmental psychologist, further elaborated on these findings through his longitudinal studies. He determined that infants can be categorized into two main temperament types: inhibited and uninhibited. Inhibited infants are characterized by timidity and fearfulness, showing reluctance to explore their environment.
In contrast, uninhibited infants are more secure, calm, and willing to explore, even in the absence of their parents. Kagan's studies have shown that these temperamental categories are relatively stable over time. For instance, children who are timid or secure at age two tend to display similar behaviors at age seven.
This stability suggests that temperament has a genetic component, as evidenced by Kagan's research with twins and cross-cultural studies. Temperament includes several dimensions such as mood, activity level, and emotional reactivity, which are evident soon after birth.
These characteristics vary among individuals, are moderately stable over time and across different situations, and are partly determined by genetics. However, it is important to note that not all aspects of a child's behavior and personality are influenced by temperament.
Factors like motivation, willingness to help others, and tolerance toward others are minimally affected by temperament.
Transferred intent is also referred to as:
a. constructive intent.
b. criminal negligence.
c. general intent.
d. specific intent.
The first psychologists to emphasize the organizing processes underlying perception were the ________ psychologists.
Students who leave school in the spring and look for work are one source of
Students who leave school in the spring and look for work are one source of frictional unemployment.
Ken is a very outgoing person. he makes friends easily, jokes with others, and is gullible (people love to play jokes on him because he is easily drawn into the game). ken is also considered a good friend because he is a good listener and seems to truly feel what the other person is going through. based on jungian theory, ken's seems to have a __________ personality.
Final answer:
Based on Jungian theory, Ken seems to have an outgoing and empathetic personality, which is often associated with the Extraversion and Agreeableness traits. These traits are part of the Five-Factor Model of Personality.
Explanation:
Based on Jungian theory, Ken seems to have an outgoing and empathetic personality, which is often associated with the Extraversion and Agreeableness traits.
Extraversion: Ken is described as the life of the party, jokes with others, and talks to a lot of different people at parties.
Agreeableness: Ken is considered a good friend because he is a good listener, sympathetic, and seems to truly feel what the other person is going through.
These traits are part of the Five-Factor Model of Personality, which categorizes personality based on five broad dimensions: Extraversion, Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Neuroticism.
A(n) ________ such as basque in europe, is a language unrelated to any other and therefore not attached to any language family.
Answer:
language isolate
Explanation:
In linguistics, an isolate is a language not shown to be related to any other language.
This Southeast Asian country was once a French colony, was split by war from 1954 to 1975, and currently exists as a unified, socialist state.
Many immigrants flocked to the nations cities because of
Which situation resulted from Senator Joseph McCarthy’s search for Communists within the United States during the 1950’s?
Students who plagiarize at penn foster may be reported to
a. the academic standards committee.
b. the instructor.
c. their financial institution.
d. their parents.
Long after her conditioned fear of dogs had been extinguished, marcy experienced an unexpected surge of nervousness when she first met her cousin's new cocker cocker spanielspaniel. her unexpected nervousness best illustrates:
Final answer:
Marcy's unexpected fear illustrates 'spontaneous recovery,' where an extinguished conditioned response reappears. It can happen alongside 'stimulus generalization,' where responses are triggered by similar stimuli. This reflects how conditioned fears can persist and are relevant to understanding anxiety disorders like PTSD.
Explanation:
Marcy's unexpected nervousness when encountering her cousin's new cocker spaniel following the extinction of her previous conditioned fear of dogs is an example of a phenomenon known as spontaneous recovery. This phenomenon occurs in classical conditioning and refers to the sudden reappearance of a previously extinguished conditioned response after a period of no exposure to the conditioned stimulus. In Marcy's case, even though her fear had been extinguished, her conditioned emotional response to dogs was still present and was triggered upon meeting a new dog. This example illustrates that while a response may be extinguished, it is not always completely erased and can resurface unexpectedly. Spontaneous recovery is significant because it shows that the effects of conditioning can be long-lasting and resurface even after they appear to be gone.
Another important aspect of Marcy's situation is stimulus generalization, a process in classical conditioning where a conditioned response is elicited by stimuli that are similar, but not identical, to the original conditioned stimulus. As such, her conditioned fear response generalized from her specific past experience with dogs to a related but new dog.
The impact of classical conditioning on anxiety disorders like PTSD is also worth noting, as it explains how traumatic experiences can lead to long-term conditioned fear responses triggered by reminders of the event. The failure of extinction in such circumstances can lead to persistent and disruptive fear and anxiety, similarly to what Marcy experienced, albeit typically with a higher intensity and impact on one's well-being.
Malcolm is studying alone in his room when he hears a loud noise downstairs. his heart rate and respiration speed up. he wonders if a burglar has entered the house. when he looks downstairs, he sees that his cat just knocked over a plant. he begins to relax and his heart rate and breathing slow down. which part of his nervous system is working to return him to a normal state?
If enslaved african americans resisted, why don't you think they often broke away from slavery answers
Rules of behavior that are defined both formally and informally are
Name the three anti slavery parties from which people came to start the Republican Party
The __________ is considered the primary agency of socialization in the united states.
The type of psychologists who study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called __________ psychologists.
Clinical psychologists specialize in the study, assessment, and treatment of psychological disorders, using the bio-psycho-social model and a comprehensive psychological assessment process.
The type of psychologists who study, assess, and treat individuals with psychological disorders are called clinical psychologists. These mental health professionals work on preventing and treating disorders, using a bio-psycho-social model, which acknowledges that disorder can have biological, psychological, and social factors. The treatment process typically begins with a psychological assessment, involving tests like the Minnesota Multiphasic Personal Inventory (MMPI-2) or the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI), as well as a comprehensive interview that may include gathering details from family members or school personnel.
In zelman v. simmons-harris, the supreme court ruled that a state program providing families with vouchers could be used to __________.
Brittany's dad puts her favorite stuffed elephant under the yellow blanket and no toy under the green blanket. brittany immediately grabs the yellow blanket to look for her toy. when her dad puts the stuffed elephant under the green blanket, brittany again looks under the yellow blanket. she is making the
The correct answer is the A-not-B error. This is the process that occurs on child that are at the age of 8-12 months that they tend to reach for objects that are found before than those were last hidden as the child don’t understand that objects are permanent.
Ellie is 10 years old and well into puberty. she will probably experience:
The bible in the hand of one man is worse than a whiskey bottle in the hand of … your father" mean?
To truly understand why people act the way they do, we must understand the meanings they attach to their behaviors. max weber called this:
He ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to hispanic culture
According to the myers-briggs type indicator (mbti) classification, people belonging to the "________" type are practical and prefer routine and order.
In contrast to other approaches, the ____ approach tends to see personality as an etic or universal phenomenon that is equivalently relevant and meaningful in the cultures being compared. cultural.
Why is attention to ethics important when creating a negative message?
Lilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and will reach for her mother when she sees someone who is unfamiliar. it is likely that lilianne has also just
_______ are personal attributes that represent our strongest assets.
The personal attributes that represent our strongest assets are called strengths. Focusing on and developing our strengths is important for self-awareness and career development.
Explanation:The personal attributes that represent our strongest assets are often referred to as strengths. Strengths are enduring talents that allow us to perform consistently and near-perfectly in tasks involving that talent. For example, public speaking or the ability to plan a successful event can be considered strengths.
Recognizing and developing our strengths is an important part of self-awareness and career development. Focusing on our strengths, rather than our weaknesses, can lead to greater success and personal growth.
The scientific method is usually presented to students when they are between 12 and 13 years of age. at this point, students are capable of the abstract thinking and hypothetical reasoning characteristic of jean piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.
In the playground, amanda calls janey names, refuses to include her in a game of hopscotch, and makes fun of her. this is an example of __________ aggression.
Mental processes that are within a person's sense of awareness are considered _____ processes.