The 0.41-kg cup of a James Bond anti-Martini-Maker is attached to a spring of spring constant 110 N/m. The cup is displaced horizontally from the equilibrium position and let go. What is the period of martini oscillation? A) 0.023 s B) 0.38 s C) 0.80s D) 100 s

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Option B is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Period of a spring is given by the expression

            [tex]T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}[/tex]

Here, spring constant, k = 110 N/m

         Mass = 0.41 kg

Substituting,

        [tex]T=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}=2\pi \sqrt{\frac{0.41}{110}}=0.38s[/tex]

Option B is the correct answer.


Related Questions

Bill and Janet are pulling on opposite sides of a table. Bill pulls with a force of
450 N to the left, and Janet pulls with a force of 300 N to the right. What is
the net force on the table?
O
A. 450 N to the right
O
B. 450 N to the left
C. 150 N to the left
O
D. 150 N to the right

Answers

Answer:

C. 150 N to the left

Explanation:

If we take right to be positive and left to be negative, then:

∑F = -450 N + 300 N

∑F = -150 N

The net force is 150 N to the left.

Answer:

(C) 150 N to the left

Explanation:

It is given that,

Force acting in left side, F = 450 N

Force acting in right side, F' = 300 N

Let left side is taken to be negative while right side is taken to be positive. So,

F = -450 N

F' = +300 N

The net force will act in the direction where the magnitude of force is maximum. Net force is given by :

[tex]F_{net}=-450\ N+300\ N[/tex]

[tex]F_{net}=-150\ N[/tex]    

So, the net force on the table is 150 N and it is acting to the left side. Hence, the correct option is (c).

beam of light, traveling in air(the index of refraction for air is 1), strikes the surface of mineral oil at an ngle of 30° with the normal to the surface.( the index of refraction for this mineral oil is 1.38) What is the ngle of refraction? What is the speed of the light traveling in mineral oil?

Answers

Answer:

2.17 x 10^8 m/s

Explanation:

Angle of incidence, i = 30 degree, refractive index of mineral oil, n = 1.38

Let r be the angle of refraction.

By use of Snell's law

n = Sin i / Sin r

Sin r = Sin i / n

Sin r = Sin 30 / 1.38

Sin r = 0.3623

r = 21.25 degree

Let the speed of light in oil be v.

By the definition of refractive index

n = c / v

Where c be the speed of light

v = c / n

v = ( 3 x 10^8) / 1.38

v = 2.17 x 10^8 m/s

What is log2 8 ? [watch out for the different base]

Answers

Answer:

[tex]log_28=3[/tex]

Explanation:

To calculate the value of [tex]log_28[/tex]

Also,Some relation for log values:

[tex]loga^m= mloga[/tex]  -----------------------------------------------------1

[tex]log_aa= 1[/tex]---------------------------------------------------------------2

Also, [tex]2^3= 8[/tex]

Applying in the question as:

[tex]log_28=log_2(2^3)[/tex]

Using Relation-1 mentioned above:

[tex]log_28=3\times log_2(2)[/tex]

Using Relation-2 mentioned above:

[tex]log_28=3\times 1[/tex]

Thus,

[tex]log_28=3[/tex]

An industrial machine requires a solid, round piston connecting rod 200 mm long, between pin ends that is subjected to a maximum compression force of 80,000 N. Using a factor of safety of 2.5, what diameter is required if aluminum is used with properties Sy = 496 MPa and E = 71 GPa?

Answers

Answer:

diameter is 13.46 mm

Explanation:

length of rod = 200 mm  = 0.2 m

compression force = 80,000 N

factor of safety = 2.5

Sy = 496 MPa

E = 71 GPa

to find out

diameter

solution

first we calculate the allowable stress i.e.  = Sy/factor of safety

allowable stress = 496/ 2.5= 198.4 MPa  198.4 × [tex]10^{6}[/tex] Pa

now we calculate the diameter d by the Euler's equation i.e.

critical load = [tex]\pi ^{2}[/tex] E × moment of inertia / ( K × length )²   ..........1

now we calculate the critical load i.e.  allowable stress × area

here area = [tex]\pi[/tex] /4 × d²  

so critical load = 198.4 ×  [tex]\pi[/tex] /4 × d²

and K = 1 for pin ends  

and moment of inertia is =   [tex]\pi[/tex] / 64 × [tex]d^{4}[/tex]

put all value in equation 1 and we get d

198.4 ×[tex]10^{6}[/tex] ×  [tex]\pi[/tex] /4 × d²  = [tex]\pi ^{2}[/tex] 71 × [tex]10^{9}[/tex]  × [tex]\pi[/tex] / 64 × [tex]d^{4}[/tex]  / ( 1 × 0.2 )²

155.8229× [tex]10^{6}[/tex]  × d²  =   700.741912× [tex]10^{9}[/tex]× 0.049087×  [tex]d^{4}[/tex] / 0.04

d=0.01346118 m

d = 13.46 mm

diameter is 13.46 mm

A 3.00 kg object is moving in the XY plane, with its x and y coordinates given by x = 5t³ !1 and y = 3t ² + 2, where x and y are in meters and t is in seconds. Find the magnitude of the net force acting on this object at t = 2.00 s.

Answers

Answer:

The net force acting on this object is 180.89 N.

Explanation:

Given that,

Mass = 3.00 kg

Coordinate of position of [tex]x= 5t^3+1[/tex]

Coordinate of position of [tex]y=3t^2+2[/tex]

Time = 2.00 s

We need to calculate the acceleration

[tex]a = \dfrac{d^2x}{dt^2}[/tex]

For x coordinates

[tex]x=5t^3+1[/tex]

On differentiate w.r.to t

[tex]\dfrac{dx}{dt}=15t^2+0[/tex]

On differentiate again w.r.to t

[tex]\dfrac{d^2x}{dt^2}=30t[/tex]

The acceleration in x axis at 2 sec

[tex]a = 60i[/tex]

For y coordinates

[tex]y=3t^2+2[/tex]

On differentiate w.r.to t

[tex]\dfrac{dy}{dt}=6t+0[/tex]

On differentiate again w.r.to t

[tex]\dfrac{d^2y}{dt^2}=6[/tex]

The acceleration in y axis at 2 sec

[tex]a = 6j[/tex]

The acceleration is

[tex]a=60i+6j[/tex]

We need to calculate the net force

[tex]F = ma[/tex]

[tex]F = 3.00\times(60i+6j)[/tex]

[tex]F=180i+18j[/tex]

The magnitude of the force

[tex]|F|=\sqrt{(180)^2+(18)^2}[/tex]

[tex]|F|=180.89\ N[/tex]

Hence, The net force acting on this object is 180.89 N.

Final answer:

To find the magnitude of the net force acting on the object at t = 2.00 s, we need to calculate the x and y components of the force separately. Once we have both components, we can use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of the net force.

Explanation:

To find the magnitude of the net force acting on the object at t = 2.00 s, we need to calculate the x and y components of the force separately. The x-component of the force can be found by taking the derivative of the x-coordinate equation with respect to time and multiplying it by the mass of the object. The same process can be applied to find the y-component of the force. Once we have both components, we can use the Pythagorean theorem to find the magnitude of the net force.

Starting with the x-coordinate equation, x = 5t³ - 1, taking its derivative gives dx/dt = 15t². Multiplying the derivative by the mass of the object (3.00 kg) gives the x-component of the force: Fx = 3.00 kg * 15t².

Similarly, for the y-coordinate equation y = 3t² + 2, taking its derivative gives dy/dt = 6t. Multiplying the derivative by the mass of the object (3.00 kg) gives the y-component of the force: Fy = 3.00 kg * 6t.

Using the Pythagorean theorem, the magnitude of the net force Fnet can be calculated as: Fnet = sqrt(Fx² + Fy²). Substituting the values into the equation will give you the magnitude of the net force at t = 2.00 s.

An object with a mass of 7.8 kg is pulled on a horizontal surface by a horizontal pull of 50 N to the right. The friction force on this object is 30 N to the left. What is the acceleration of the object? 0.16 m/s^2
10 m/s^2
2.6 m/s^2
6.4 m/s^2

Answers

Answer:

2.6 m/s²

Explanation:

m = mass of the object = 7.8 kg

Consider the right direction as positive and left direction as negative

F = horizontal applied force towards right = 50 N

f = frictional force acting towards left = - 30 N

a = acceleration

Force equation for the motion of the object is given as

F + f = ma

50 - 30 = (7.8) a

a = 2.6 m/s²

A flat coil of wire consisting of 20 turns, each with an area of 50 cm2, is positioned perpendicularly to a uniform magnetic field that increases its magnitude at a constant rate from 2.0 T to 6.0 T in 2.0 s. If the coil has a total resistance of 0.40 ? What is the magnitude of the induced current?

Answers

Answer:

0.5 A

Explanation:

N = 20, A = 50 cm^2 = 50 x 10^-4 m^2, dB = 6 - 2 = 4 T, dt = 2 s, R = 0.4 ohm

The induced emf is given by

e = - N dФ/dt

Where, dФ/dt is the rate of change of magnetic flux.

Ф = B A

dФ/dt = A dB/dt

so,

e = 20 x 50 x 10^-4 x 4 / 2 = 0.2 V

negative sign shows the direction of magnetic field.

induced current, i = induced emf / resistance = 0.2 / 0.4 = 0.5 A

What's the average required power to raise a 150-kg drum to a height of 20 m in a time of 1.0 min? (Answer in kW)

Answers

Answer:

Power required, P = 0.49 kW

Explanation:

It is given that,

Mass of drum, m = 150 kg

Height, h = 20 m

Time, t = 1 min = 60 sec

Average power required is given by work done divided by total time taken. It is given by :

[tex]P=\dfrac{W}{t}[/tex]

W = F.d

Here, W = mgh

So, [tex]P=\dfrac{mgh}{t}[/tex]

[tex]P=\dfrac{150\ kg\times 9.8\ m/s^2\times 20\ m}{60\ s}[/tex]

P = 490 watts

or P = 0.49 kW

So, the average power required to raise the drum is 0.49 kilo-watts. Hence, this is the required solution.

Final answer:

The average power required to lift a 150-kg drum to a height of 20 meters in 1 minute is calculated by first finding the work done and then dividing by time. The result is approximately 0.4905 kW.

Explanation:

Calculating Required Power to Lift a Drum

The problem involves finding the average power required to raise a certain weight to a specified height over a defined period of time. The weight in question is a 150-kg drum, the height is 20 meters, and the time is 1 minute (60 seconds).

To calculate power, you need to first calculate the work done, which is the product of force and displacement. Since we are lifting the object vertically, the force is the weight of the object, which is mass (m) times the acceleration due to gravity (g), and the displacement is the height (h). The formula for work (W) is:
W = m × g × h

The average power (P), then, is the work done over the time (t) it takes to do it:
P = W / t

Using the values given:

mass (m) = 150 kg

acceleration due to gravity (g) = 9.81 m/s²

height (h) = 20 m

time (t) = 60 s

First, calculate the work done:
W = 150 kg × 9.81 m/s² × 20 m = 29430 J

Now calculate the power required:
P = 29430 J / 60 s = 490.5 W

To convert this into kilowatts (kW), divide by 1000:
P = 0.4905 kW

Therefore, the average power required to lift the drum is approximately 0.4905 kW.

A hawk flies in a horizontal arc of radius 12.0 m at constant speed 4.00 m/s. (a) Find its centripetal acceleration. (b) It continues to fly along the same horizontal arc, but increases its speed at the rate of 1.20 m/s2. Find the acceleration (magnitude and direction) in this situation at the moment the hawk’s speed is 4.00 m/s.

Answers

Answer:

a) [tex]a_c= 1.33 m/s^2 [/tex]

b) a= 1.79 m/s²

   θ = 41.98⁰

Explanation:

arc radius  = 12 m

constant speed = 4.00 m/s

(a) centripetal acceleration

     [tex]a_c=\frac{v^2}{R}[/tex]

     [tex]a_c=\frac{4^2}{12} [/tex]

                  = 1.33 m/s²

(b) now we have given

        [tex]a_t= \ 1.20 m/s^2 [/tex]

        now,

         [tex]a=\sqrt{a^2_c+ a^2_t}[/tex]

         [tex]a=\sqrt{1.33^2+ 1.20^2}[/tex]

            a= 1.79 m/s²

 direction

[tex]\theta = tan^{-1}(\frac{a_t}{a_r} )[/tex]

[tex]\theta = tan^{-1}(\frac{1.2}{1.33} )[/tex]

     θ = 41.98⁰

The centripetal acceleration of the hawk is 1.33 m/s².

The resultant acceleration  of the hawk at the given moment is 1.79 m/s².

The direction resultant acceleration of the hawk is 48⁰.

The given parameters;

radius of the arc, r = 12 mspeed of the hawk, u = 4 m/sacceleration of the hawk, a = 1.2 m/s²

The centripetal acceleration of the hawk is calculated as follows;

[tex]a_c = \frac{v^2}{r} \\\\a_c = \frac{(4)^2}{12} \\\\a_c = 1.33 \ m/s^2[/tex]

The resultant acceleration is calculated as;

[tex]a = \sqrt{a_c^2 + a_t} \\\\a = \sqrt{(1.33)^2 + (1.2)^2} \\\\a = 1.79 \ m/s^2[/tex]

The direction of the acceleration is calculated as follows;

[tex]tan(\theta) = \frac{a_c}{a_t} \\\\\theta = tan^{-1} ( \frac{a_c}{a_t} )\\\\\theta = tan^{-1} ( \frac{1.33}{1.2} )\\\\\theta = 48^0[/tex]

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Given that a fluid at 260°F has a kinematic viscosity of 145 mm^2/s, determine its kinematic viscosity in SUS at 260°F.

Answers

Answer:

kinematic viscosity in SUS is = 671.64 SUS

Explanation:

given data

kinetic viscosity = 145 mm^2/s

we know

1 mm = 0.1 cm

so kinetic viscosity in cm is [tex]\nu =145 (0.1)^{2} =1.45 cm^{2}/s[/tex]

other unit of kinetic viscosity is centistokes

[tex]1 cm^{2}/s = 100 cst[/tex]

so 1.45 cm^2/s will be 145 cst

if the temperature is 260°f , then cst value should be multiplied by 4.632. therefore kinematic viscosity in SUS is = 4.362 *145 = 671.64 SUS

Two ocean liners, each with a mass of 42,000 metric tons, are moving on parallel courses, 93 m apart. What is the magnitude of the acceleration of one of the liners toward the other due to their mutual gravitational attraction? Treat the ships as particles.

Answers

Answer:

0.324×10⁻³ m/s²

Explanation:

G=Gravitational constant=6.67408×10⁻⁸ m³/kg s

m₁=m₂=Mass of the ships=42000×10³ kg

r=Distance between the ships=93 m

The ships are considered particles

From Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation

[tex]F=G\frac {m_1m_2}{r^2}\\Here\ m_1=m_2\ hence\ m_1\times m_2=m_1^2\\\Rightarrow F=G\frac {m_1^2}{r^2}\\\Rightarrow F=\frac{6.67408\times 10^{-8}\times (42000\times 10^3)^2}{93^2}\\\Rightarrow F=13612.0674\ N\\[/tex]

[tex]F=ma\\\Rightarrow 13612.0674=42000\times 10^3a\\\Rightarrow a=0.324\times 10^{-3}\ m/s^2[/tex]

∴Acceleration of one of the liners toward the other due to their mutual gravitational attraction is 0.324×10⁻³

(a) Neil A. Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. The distance between the earth and the moon is 3.85 × 108 m. Find the time it took for his voice to reach the earth via radio waves. (b) Someday a person will walk on Mars, which is 5.60 × 1010 m from the earth at the point of closest approach. Determine the minimum time that will be required for a message from Mars to reach the earth via radio waves.

Answers

Answer:

(a):The time what it takes his voice reach the earth via radio waves is t1= 1.28 seconds.

(b): The time what it takes his voice reach from Mars to the earth via radio waves is t2= 186.66 seconds.

Explanation:

d1= 3.85 *10⁸ m

d2= 5.6 *10¹⁰ m

C= 300,000,000 m/s

t1= d1/C

t1= 1.28 s

t2= d2/C

t2= 186.66 s

The resistivity of gold is 2.44×10-8 Ω•m at room temperature. A gold wire that is 1.8 mm in diameter and 40 cm long carries a current of 860 mA. What is the electric field in the wire?

Answers

Final answer:

To find the electric field in the wire, we first find the cross-sectional area of the wire and then substitute the given values and the calculated area into the formula for electric field. The electric field in the gold wire is approximately 8.24 kN/C.

Explanation:

The question asks for the electric field in a gold wire of given dimensions and current. We'll solve this using the formula for electric field (E) in terms of resistivity (ρ),current (I) and area (A), which is given by E = ρI/A.

First, we need to find the cross-sectional area (A) of the wire using the formula for the area of a circle, since the wire is cylindrical. The area of a circle is given by A = π*(d/2)^2, where d is the diameter. Substituting d = 1.8 mm or 1.8 * 10^-3 m, we find A ≈ 2.54 * 10^-6 m^2.

Next, we need to substitute the known values into the formula E = ρI/A. Using the given values ρ = 2.44 *10^-8 Ω•m, I = 860 mA or 860 * 10^-3 A, and the calculated A ≈ 2.54 * 10^-6 m^2, we find E ≈ 8.24 * 10^3 N/C or 8.24 kN/C.

So, the electric field in the wire is approximately 8.24 kN/C.

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Final answer:

The electric field within the gold wire can be calculated utilizing resistivity formula, determining the cross-sectional area of the wire, and then computing the current density. After these intermediate calculations, the ultimate electric field in the wire is found to be approximately 72 mV/m.

Explanation:

The electric field in the gold wire can be calculated by using the formula for

resistivity: ρ=E/J where

ρ (rho) is the resistivity of the material,

E is the electric field, and

J is the current density.

Before we apply this formula, let's calculate the cross-sectional area of the wire (A) using the formula A=πr², where r is the radius of the wire. The diameter is given as 1.8mm, therefore

r=0.9mm = 0.9x10^-3 m.

Substituting this into the formula gives us

A=π(0.9x10^-3)²≈2.54x10^-6 m².

Now we calculate current density: J=I/A. where I is current, given as

860mA=860x10^-3 A.

Substituting values of I and A into the formula gives

J=860x10^-3/2.54x10^-6≈3.39x10^8 A/m².

Finally, the electric field E=ρ/J=2.44x10^-8/3.39x10^8 ≈ 7.2x10^-2 V/m or 72mV/m.

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An object is attached to a spring, the spring is stretched by 23.7 cm in the negative direction, and the object is released, oscillating in simple harmonic motion. After 0.317 s, it is again 23.7 cm from the equilibrium position, having passed through the equilibrium position once in those 0.317 s. Determine the speed of the object after 1.39 seconds. Number cm/s

Answers

Answer:83.17 cm/s

Explanation:

Let positive x be negative direction and negative x be positive direction in this question

General equation of motion of SHM is

x=[tex]Asin\left ( \omega_{n}t\right )[/tex] --------1

where [tex]\omega [/tex]is natural frequency of motion given by

[tex]\omega_n[/tex]=[tex]\sqrt{\frac{k}{m}}[/tex]

Where K is spring constant

here A=23.7cm

And it is given it is again at 23.7 from equilibrium position having passed through the equilibrium once.

i.e. it covers this distance in [tex]\frac{T}{2}[/tex] sec

where T is the time period of oscillation i.e. returning to same place after T sec

therefore T=0.634 sec

differentiating equation 1 we get

v=[tex]A\omega_n[/tex]cos[tex]\left ( \omega_{n}t\right )[/tex]

and [tex]T\times \omega_n[/tex]=[tex]2\pi[/tex]

[tex]\omega_n[/tex]=9.911rad/s

[tex]v[/tex]=[tex]23.7\times 9.911cos\left (789.261\degree\right)[/tex]

v=83.17 cm/s

What is the minimum index of refraction of a clear material if a minimum thickness of 121 nm , when laid on glass, is needed to reduce reflection to nearly zero when light of 675 nm is incident normally upon it? Assume that the film has an index less than that of the glass.

Answers

Answer:

[tex]\mu = 1.39[/tex]

Explanation:

Since the reflection is nearly zero intensity

so here we will say that the reflected light must show destructive interference

so here we have

[tex]path \: difference = \frac{\lambda}{2}[/tex]

[tex]2 \mu t = \frac{\lambda}{2}[/tex]

[tex]t = \frac{\lambda}{4\mu}[/tex]

here we have

[tex]\lambda = 675 nm[/tex]

t = 121 nm

now from above equation we have

[tex]\mu = \frac{675 nm}{4(121 nm)}[/tex]

[tex]\mu = 1.39[/tex]

A 3.0 kg ball tied to the end of a 50 cm long string being swung in a circle in a horizontal plane at constant speed. If the tension of the string is 3.8 N, what is the speed of the ball?

Question 31 options:

A)

1.2 m/s
B)

1.0 m/s
C)

1.4 m/s
D)

0.8 m/s

Answers

Answer:

The speed of the ball is 0.8 m/s.

(D) is correct option.

Explanation:

Given that,

mass of ball = 3.0 kg

length = 50 cm

We need to calculate the speed of the ball

Using relation between the centripetal force and tension

[tex]\dfrac{mv^2}{r}=T[/tex]

[tex]v^2=\dfrac{T\times r}{m}[/tex]

Where, m = mass

T = tension

r = radius

Put the value into the formula

[tex]v=\sqrt{\dfrac{3.8\times50\times10^{-2}}{3.0}}[/tex]

[tex]v=0.8\ m/s[/tex]

Hence, The speed of the ball is 0.8 m/s.

Find the moment of inertia of a hoop (a thin-walled, hollow ring) with mass M = 1kg and radius R = 1m about an axis perpendicular to the hoop’s plane at an edge. (Express your answer in units of kg*m^2).

Answers

Answer:

2 kg m^2

Explanation:

M = 1 kg, R = 1 m

The moment of inertia of the hoop about its axis perpendicular to its plane is

I = M R^2

The moment of inertia of the hoop about its edge perpendicular to it splane is given by the use of parallel axis theorem

I' = I + M x (distance between two axes)^2

I' = I + M R^2

I' = M R^2 + M R^2

I' = 2 M R^2

I' = 2 x 1 x 1 x 1 = 2 kg m^2

The moment of inertia of a hoop about an axis perpendicular to its plane at an edge is calculated using the Parallel-Axis Theorem and for a hoop with mass M = 1kg and radius R = 1m, it is 2 kg*m².

Calculation of the Moment of Inertia for a Hoop

To find the moment of inertia of a hoop with mass M = 1kg and radius R = 1m about an axis perpendicular to the hoop's plane at an edge, we use the Parallel-Axis Theorem. The moment of inertia of a hoop about its central axis (through its center, perpendicular to the plane) is MR². According to the Parallel-Axis Theorem, the moment of inertia about an axis parallel to this but passing through the edge of the hoop is given by I = MR₂ + MR₂ (because the distance from the central axis to the outer edge of the hoop is R). Thus, the moment of inertia for the hoop about the edge is 2MR₂ which simplifies to 2 * 1kg * (1m)² = 2 kg*m².

A solid iron cylinder weighs 600 N. It has a density of 7860 kg/m^3. (a) Calculate the cylinder's volume. (b) How much would the cylinder weigh if it is completely submerged in water?

Answers

Answer:

7.66 (litres); 523.66 (N).

Explanation:

all the details are provided in the attached picture. Note, P_i means 'Weight of iron', ρ_i means "Density of iron', ρ_w means 'Density of water', F_f means 'Arhimede force'.

The answers are marked with red colour.

Molecules like DNA may be stretched and are well modeled as springs. An optical trap can pull with a maximum force of 11\; fN11fN (femto-Newtons) and can stretch a DNA molecule by 0.06\; \mu m0.06μm . What is the spring constant of the molecule?

Answers

Answer:

1.8 x 10⁻⁷ N/m

Explanation:

[tex]F_{max}[/tex] = maximum force with which the optical trap can pull = 11 x 10⁻¹⁵ N

x = stretch caused in DNA molecule due to the force = 0.06 x 10⁻⁶ m

k = spring constant of the spring

Maximum force is given as

[tex]F_{max}= k x[/tex]

[tex]11\times 10^{-15}= k (0.06\times 10^{-6})[/tex]

k = 1.8 x 10⁻⁷ N/m

Final answer:

The spring constant of the DNA molecule is calculated using Hooke's Law with the given force of 11 fN and stretch distance of 0.06 μm, resulting in a spring constant of approximately 183.33 N/m.

Explanation:

To calculate the spring constant (k) of a DNA molecule modeled as a spring, we can use Hooke's Law, which states that the force (F) applied to stretch or compress a spring is directly proportional to the displacement (x) it causes, as represented by the equation F = kx. The optical trap pulls with a maximum force of 11 fN and stretches the DNA molecule by 0.06 μm. Using the given values, the spring constant (k) can be calculated as:

k = F / x

Therefore, k = 11 fN / 0.06 μm, and to ensure the units are consistent, we convert 0.06 μm to meters (0.06 μm = 0.06 x 10-6 m).

k = 11 x 10-15 N / 0.06 x 10-6 m

k = (11 / 0.06) x 10-9 N/m

k ≈ 183.33 N/m

The spring constant of the DNA molecule is therefore approximately 183.33 N/m.

Aircraft sometimes acquire small static charges. Suppose a supersonic jet has a 0.55 μC charge and flies due west at a speed of 685 m/s over the Earth's south magnetic pole, where the 8.00 x 10^-5 T magnetic field points straight up. What is the magnitude of the magnetic force on the plane, in newtons?

Answers

Answer:

3.014 x 10⁻⁸ N

Explanation:

q = magnitude of charge on the supersonic jet = 0.55 μC = 0.55 x 10⁻⁶ C

v = speed of the jet = 685 m/s

B = magnitude of magnetic field in the region = 8 x 10⁻⁵ T

θ = angle between the magnetic field and direction of motion = 90

magnitude of the magnetic force is given as

F = q v B Sinθ

F = (0.55 x 10⁻⁶) (685) (8 x 10⁻⁵) Sin90

F = 3.014 x 10⁻⁸ N

A 1400 kg wrecking ball hangs from a 20-m-long cable. The ball is pulled back until the cable makes an angle of 23.0 ∘ with the vertical. Part A By how much has the gravitational potential energy of the ball changed?

Answers

Answer:

21813.46 J

Explanation:

The Potential energy stored at the time it is hanging freely is mgl.

the potential energy stored at the time when it makes a angle 23 degree from the vertical is mglCos 23

Change in gravitational potential energy

U = mgl = mgl cos 23

U = mgl (1 - cos23)

U = 1400 x 9.8 x 20 ( 1 - Cos 23)

U = 21813.46 J

Mario, a hockey player, is skating due south at a speed of 4.79 m/s relative to the ice. A teammate passes the puck to him. The puck has a speed of 9.13 m/s and is moving in a direction of 17.8 ° west of south, relative to the ice. What are (a) the magnitude and (b) direction (relative to due south) of the puck's velocity, as observed by Mario

Answers

Mario's velocity vector relative to the ice is

[tex]\vec v_{M/I}=-4.79\,\vec\jmath[/tex]

(note that all velocities mentioned here are given in m/s)

The puck is moving in a direction of 17.8 degrees west of south, or 252.2 degrees counterclockwise relative to east. Its velocity vector relative to the ice is then

[tex]\vec v_{P/I}=9.13(\cos252.2^\circ\,\vec\imath+\sin252.2^\circ\,\vec\jmath)=-2.79\,\vec\imath-8.69\,\vec\jmath[/tex]

The velocity of the puch relative to Mario is

[tex]\vec v_{P/M}=\vec v_{P/I}+\vec v_{I/M}=\vec v_{P/I}-\vec v_{M/I}[/tex]

[tex]\vec v_{P/M}=-2.79\,\vec\imath-3.90\,\vec\jmath[/tex]

Then, relative to Mario,

a. the puck is traveling at a speed of [tex]\boxed{\|\vec v_{P/M}\|=4.80}[/tex], and

b. is moving in a direction [tex]\theta[/tex] such that

[tex]\tan\theta=\dfrac{-3.90}{4.80}\implies\theta=-126^\circ[/tex]

which is about [tex]\boxed{35.6^\circ}[/tex] west of south.

Final answer:

The magnitude of the puck's velocity as observed by Mario is 4.9 m/s and the direction is 35.6 degrees west of south.

Explanation:

When addressing this problem, we're dealing with relative velocity in two dimensions. Since we need to find the puck's velocity as seen by Mario, we should use the principle that the relative velocity of the puck with respect to Mario is the vector difference between the velocity of the puck and Mario.

Given that Mario is travelling south at 4.79 m/s and the puck is travelling at an angle of 17.8 degrees west of south at a speed of 9.13 m/s, we can break the puck's velocity into southward and westward components. The southward component is 9.13 m/s × cos(17.8°) = 8.74 m/s and the westward component is 9.13 m/s × sin(17.8°) = 2.84 m/s.

The relative southward velocity of the puck with respect to Mario is 8.74 m/s - 4.79 m/s = 3.95 m/s. The westward component is unchanged since Mario has no westward velocity. So, the puck appears to Mario to be moving southwest at an angle of arctan(2.84 m/s / 3.95 m/s) = 35.6 degrees west of south.

The magnitude is given by the Pythagorean theorem, sqrt((2.84 m/s)² + (3.95 m/s)²) = 4.9 m/s.

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Two circular rods, one steel and the other copper, are both 0.780 m long and 1.50 cm in diameter. Each is subjected to a force with magnitude 4350 N that compresses the rod. What is the difference in the length of the two rods when compressed?

Answers

Answer:

The difference in the length of the two rods when compressed is [tex]5.4\times10^{-5}\ m[/tex].

Explanation:

Given that,

Length = 0.780 m

Diameter = 1.50 cm

Force = 4350 N

(a). For steel rod

We know ,

The young modulus for steel rod

[tex]Y=2\times10^{11}[/tex]

Using formula of young modulus

[tex]e_{s}=\dfrac{Fl}{AY}[/tex]

[tex]e_{s}=\dfrac{4350\times0.780}{3.14\times(0.75\times10^{-2})^2\times2\times10^{11}}[/tex]

[tex]e_{s}=9.6\times10^{-5}\ m[/tex]

(b). For copper rod

We know ,

The young modulus for steel rod

[tex]Y=1.1\times10^{11}[/tex]

Using formula of young modulus

[tex]e_{c}=\dfrac{Fl}{AY}[/tex]

[tex]e_{c}=\dfrac{4350\times0.780}{3.14\times(0.75\times10^{-2})^2\times1.1\times10^{11}}[/tex]

[tex]e_{c}=1.5\times10^{-4}\ m[/tex]

The difference in the length of the two rods when compressed is

[tex]difference\ in\ length=e_{c}-e_{s}[/tex]

[tex]difference\ in\ length=1.5\times10^{-4}-9.6\times10^{-5}[/tex]

[tex]difference\ in\ length =5.4\times10^{-5}\ m[/tex]

Hence, The difference in the length of the two rods when compressed is [tex]5.4\times10^{-5}\ m[/tex].

skateboarder, starting from rest, rolls down a 13.5 m ramp. When she arrives at the bottom of the ramp her speed is 7.37 m/s. If the ramp is inclined at 29.9 o with respect to the ground, what is the component of her acceleration that is parallel to the ground?

Answers

Answer:

1.7 m/s²

Explanation:

d = length of the ramp = 13.5 m

v₀ = initial speed of the skateboarder = 0 m/s

v = final speed of the skateboarder = 7.37 m/s

a = acceleration

Using the equation

v² = v₀² + 2 a d

7.37² = 0² + 2 a (13.5)

a = 2.01 m/s²

θ = angle of the incline relative to ground = 29.9

a' = Component of acceleration parallel to the ground

Component of acceleration parallel to the ground is given as

a' = a Cosθ

a' = 2.01 Cos29.9

a' = 1.7 m/s²

A gas expands from an initial volume of 0.040 m^3 and an initial pressure of 210 kPa to a final volume of 0.065 m^3 while its temperature is kept constant. How much work is done by the system?

Answers

Answer:

286

Explanation:

p1v1/T1=p2v2/T2

then subtitude your values

T2=760*0.65*273/210*0.040

T2=135/8.4=16+273=289

The pressure-volume work done by the system during the expansion is 5.25 x 10³J.

What is done by pressure-volume work?

The work that is done when a fluid is compressed or expanded is known as pressure-volume work. Pressure-volume work occurs whenever there is a change in volume but the outside pressure stays the same.

Here,

The pressure of the system of gas, P = 210 kPa

Initial volume of the system of gas, V₁ = 0.04 m³

Final volume of the system of gas, V₂ = 0.065 m³

The expression for the pressure-volume work done by a system of gas is given by,

Work done,

W = PΔV

W = P(V₂ - V₁)

Applying the values of P, V₁ and V₂,

W = 210 x 10³(0.065 - 0.04)

W = 210 x 10³x 0.025

W = 5.25 x 10³J

Hence,

The pressure-volume work done by the system during the expansion is 5.25 x 10³J.

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A cosmic ray electron moves at 6.5x 10^6 m/s perpendicular to the Earth's magnetic field at an altitude where the field strength is 10x 10^-5 T. What is the radius, in meters, of the circular path the electron follows?

Answers

Answer:

Radius, r = 0.36 meters

Explanation:

It is given that,

Speed of cosmic ray electron, [tex]v=6.5\times 10^6\ m/s[/tex]

Magnetic field strength, [tex]B=10\times 10^{-5}\ T=10^{-4}\ T[/tex]

We need to find the radius of circular path the electron follows. It is given by :

[tex]qvB=\dfrac{mv^2}{r}[/tex]

[tex]r=\dfrac{mv}{qB}[/tex]

[tex]r=\dfrac{9.1\times 10^{-31}\ kg\times 6.5\times 10^6\ m/s}{1.6\times 10^{-19}\times 10^{-4}\ T}[/tex]

r = 0.36 meters

So, the radius of circular path is 0.36 meters. Hence, this is the required solution.

In softball, the pitcher throws with the arm fully extended (straight at the elbow). In a fast pitch the ball leaves the hand with a speed of 139 km/h. Find the rotational kinetic energy of the pitcher’s arm given its moment of inertia is 0.720 kg m2 and the ball leaves the hand at a distance of 0.600 m from the pivot at the shoulder.

Answers

Final answer:

The rotational kinetic energy of the pitcher's arm when throwing a softball at a speed of 139 km/h is calculated using the equation for rotational kinetic energy, and taking moment of inertia and angular velocity into account. The angular velocity is inferred from the linear speed of the ball and the distance it leaves the pitcher's hand from the pivot at the shoulder. The rotational kinetic energy is found to be approximately 1491 Joules.

Explanation:

This question pertains to the rotational kinetic energy of the pitcher's arm during the act of throwing a softball. By definition, the kinetic energy associated with rotational motion (rotational kinetic energy) can be given by the equation: K_rot = 0.5 * I * ω² where 'I' is the moment of inertia and 'ω' is the angular velocity.

To calculate the angular velocity 'ω', we can infer it from the linear speed of the ball when it leaves the pitcher's hand, as 'ω = v/r', v = 139 km/h = 38.6 m/s, and r = 0.600 m (distance ball leaves hand from pivot at shoulder). Therefore, 'ω' is approximately 64.4 rad/s.

Substituting 'I' and 'ω' into the equation above, we get K_rot = 0.5 * 0.720 kg*m² * (64.4 rad/s)² = 1491 Joules, which is the rotational kinetic energy of the pitcher's arm.

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Water vapor can react reversibly with solid carbon to yield a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide. Suppose you continually add more water vapor to the reaction. In what direction does this shift the equilibrium?

Answers

Answer:

Product side

Explanation:

When water vapor reacts reversibly with solid carbon to yield a mixture of hydrogen gas and carbon monoxide and we continually add more water vapor to the reaction the equilibrium of the reaction shifts to the product side.

Because gaseous water is reactant that appears in the reaction quotient expression.

[tex]H_{2}O+ C_{s}\leftrightharpoons H_{2}_{g}+ CO[/tex]

When we add more water vapor to the reaction the product formation is increased. The reaction goes in forward direction affecting the equilibrium.

While on a sailboat at anchor, you notice that 15 waves pass its bow every minute. The waves have a speed of 6.0 m/s . Part A What is the distance between two adjacent wave crests

Answers

Answer:

Distance between two adjacent wave crests = 24m

Explanation:

Distance= speed × time

Distance traveled by waves in 60 seconds (15 crests)= 15 × distance

15 × distance = 6,0 (meters/second) × 60 seconds

distance = (360 meters) / 15 = 24 meters (between two adyacent waves)

A 24-g rifle bullet traveling 280 m/s buries itself in a 3.7-kg pendulum hanging on a 2.8-m-long string, which makes the pendulum swing upward in an arc. Part A Determine the vertical and horizontal components of the pendulum's maximum displacement.

Answers

Answer:

x = 0.95 m

y = 0.166 m

Explanation:

m = mass of the bullet = 24 g = 0.024 kg

v = speed of bullet before collision = 280 m/s

M = mass of the pendulum = 3.7 kg

L = length of the string = 2.8 m

h = height gained by the pendulum after collision

V = speed of the bullet and pendulum combination

Using conservation of momentum

m v = (m + M) V

(0.024) (280) = (0.024 + 3.7) V

V = 1.805 m/s

using conservation of energy

Potential energy gained by bullet and pendulum combination = Kinetic energy of bullet and pendulum combination

(m + M) g h = (0.5) (m + M) V²

(9.8) h = (0.5) (1.805)²

h = 0.166 m

y = vertical displacement = h = 0.166 m

x = horizontal displacement

horizontal displacement is given as

x = sqrt(L² - (L - h)²)

x =  sqrt(2.8² - (2.8 - 0.166)²)

x = 0.95 m

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