Does not include bones
A client who received intravenous magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia gives birth. What clinical finding in the newborn indicates to the nurse that magnesium sulfate toxicity may have occurred?
1. Pallor
2. Tremor
3. Hypotonia
4. Tachycardia
Answer:
Option 3 => Hypotonia.
Explanation:
Magnesium sulfate are used for the treatment of women that develop Preeclampsia during pregnancy period. The cause of Preeclampsia might be because of something related to genetics or when the blood flow to the uterus is low. Preeclampsia might also occur because the woman's immune system is low.
The main symptom of Preeclampsia is high blood pressure. Other symptoms are vomiting, blurry vision, headaches, swelling and many more.
The use of magnesium sulfate for preeclampsia can be toxic for newborn and cause babies to have low muscle tone known as hypotonia.
When the nurse discover that the newborn has Hypotonia it means that the baby is suffering from toxicity of magnesium sulfate.
Two positive environmental impacts of composting
Explanation:
It helps give back nutrients to the soil of plants and is good
Answer:
Composting is good for several reasons: It saves water by helping the soil hold moisture and reduce water. runoff. It benefits the environment by recycling organic resources while. conserving landfill space.
Explanation:
How many minutes of exercise a day is the recommended amount?
Answer:
Adout 1 hour
Explanation:
Which component of fitness allows a person to increase physical activity?
Tina has a loss of smell, nosebleeds, and problems swallowing, which is likely due to which kind of substance abuse?
A. Smoking marijuana
B. Drinking alcohol
C. Inhaling carbon monoxide
D. Snorting cocaine
Answer:
D. Snorting Cocaine
Explanation:
According to windwardway.com, "Complications such as the loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, frequent runny nose, and difficulties swallowing may occur in some people who snort cocaine."
Extensive use of psychoactive substances like illegal drugs, smoking and alcohol are categorized as substance abuse. It can lead to emotional, physical and social problems.
The most likely used substance is:
Option D. Snorting cocaine
The symptoms can be explained as:
Intranasal usage of cocaine can cause nosebleeds, hoarseness and loss of sense of smell.Cocaine is a stimulating alkaloid drug that is obtained from coca leaves.Snorting the drug through the respiratory tract will affect the system and result in respiratory disorders.Thus, Tina used cocaine.
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If I can't play outside after school, what should I do?
A Forget about exercising.
B Dance to music, do some stretches, or try yoga!
C Watch people exercise on TV.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Exercising differently is better than not.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
its the only one with physical activity.
Until 2008, health authorities recommended delaying introduction of peanuts to the diets of children as a way to prevent peanut allergies, but after 2008, these restrictions were relaxed.
Why did clinical practice guidelines change?
Answer: The change in guidelines is that it has been said there should be mixing of small amounts of peanuts in the food that is given to infants in order to cope or prevent the allergies caused by them.
Explanation:
Until 2008, it was said that there must not introduction of the peanuts in the food of the infants when they are at an early age.
Basically the infants are not able to express so it becomes difficult to cure if the problem persists.
So to avoid this situation it was been told that children should not be given food containing peanuts.
But after that it has been advised to add it in the food to prevent allergies in future.
Ms. Mary, a 40 year old African-American female, is seeking care for an acute episode of low back pain that radiates down the left buttock to the lower leg for the past 4 days. She states there is no relief with sitting. The practitioner notes a positive straight left leg raise. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer:
Herniated disk
Explanation:
Herniated disk occurs as a result of the rupturing or bulging of the disk annulus. The disc nucleus bulges out of the annulus through a crack or rupture in the annulus into the spine.
Herniated disk occurs along the spine most especially in the lower back and it is known to be the most prominent cause of back pain and also leg pain.
It can be treated through physical therapy, ice therapy, pain relief drugs etc.
From the symptoms displayed by Ms Mary, the most likely diagnosis is Herniated disk.
The most likely diagnosis for Ms. Mary is Sciatica. Her symptoms of acute, radiating low back pain and positive straight leg raise are consistent with this condition characterized by pain following the path of the sciatic nerve.
Explanation:From the symptoms described, the most likely diagnosis for Ms. Mary, a 40-year-old African-American female experiencing acute low back pain that radiates down the left buttock to the lower leg with a positive straight left leg raise, is Sciatica. Sciatica is a condition where pain radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve, which branches from your lower back through your hips and buttocks and down each leg. This condition typically affects only one side of the body and may result from a herniated disk, bone spur on the spine, or narrowing of the spine (spinal stenosis) compressing part of the nerve, leading to inflammation, pain, and often some numbness. The pain can be severe and is often worsened by sitting. The description of her pain and the positive straight leg raise points towards this diagnosis.
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Mary Smith was admitted to IPF Hospital A on April 1. She is discharged on April 5. Mary Smith is readmitted to IPF Hospital B on April 7 and continues the hospital stay until April 10. What length-of-stay adjustment day should be used to calculate the payment for the first day payment for IPF Hospital B.
Answer: 5TH DAY OR DAY 5
Explanation:
Mary Smith was admitted to IPF Hospital A on April 1. She is discharged on April 5. Mary Smith is readmitted to IPF Hospital B on April 7 and continues the hospital stay until April 10. What length-of-stay adjustment day should be used to calculate the payment for the first day payment for IPF Hospital B.
5TH DAY OR DAY 5
IPF Hospital A will be paid using per diem rateIPF Hospital B on April 7 and continues the hospital stay until April 10 will receive the full payment that is MS-DRG (medic care-severity diagnosis related group)The nurse in the outpatient clinic performs an assessment on a client who takes propranolol for management of palpitations associated with mitral valve prolapse. Which statement by the client should be reported immediately to the primary healthcare provider?
Optiosn are not provided in the question. The complete question is as following:
The nurse in the outpatient clinic performs an assessment on a client who takes propranolol for management of palpitations associated with mitral valve prolapse. Which statement by the client should be reported immediately to the primary healthcare provider?
1. "My resting pulse was 60 this morning."
2. "I feel a little short of breath when walking."
3. "I have lost 5 pounds in the last 2 weeks."
4. "My blood pressure (BP) was lower this visit than last time."
Answer: 2. "I feel a little short of breath when walking."
Explanation:
Propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker and sites in the heart and lungs are blocked. The shortness of breath can be the product of the bronchospam adverse reactions or heart failure. The argument needs the primary health care provider to investigate immediately. Thus the statement saying "2. I feel a little short of breath when walking" is correct.
Other statemenst are incorrrect as: 1. statement is incorrect because the bradycardia is a side effect of propranolol. If their pulse is < 50 beats per minute (bpm) the client should be advised to contact their primary healthcare provider. It is normal to have a pulse rate of 60 bpm.
3. statement is incorrect because losing weight does not constitute a side effect of propranolol. Hypertension can promote weight loss regimes. Losing 5 pounds is within reasonable limits within 2 weeks.
4. statment is incorrect because the therapeutic effect of propranolol is on through BP. Unless the person is asymptomatic, there's no big problem with reduced BP.
Hence, the correct option is 2. "I feel a little short of breath when walking."
Which signs is often seen in patients suffering from hyperthyroid disease?
Answer:
Signs
Explanation:
Excessive sweating.
Heat intolerance.
Increased bowel movements.
Tremor (usually fine shaking)
Nervousness, agitation, anxiety.
Rapid heart rate, palpitations, irregular heart rate.
Weight loss.
Fatigue, weakness.
Which coping mechanisms is most important in determining how you experience stress?
A fitness instructor exercises about 15 hours per week.
a. Write an equation to find the total number of hours h the instructor exercises in any number of weeks w.
b. Use the equation to determine the total number of hours the instructor will exercise in 9 weeks.
Answer:
a 15*x
in 9 weeks 135 hours
Explanation:
the x is the number of weeks
Final answer:
The equation for the total number of hours (h) the instructor exercises in any number of weeks (w) is h = 15 × w. The instructor will exercise a total of 135 hours in 9 weeks.
Explanation:
To establish an equation that represents the total number of hours h the fitness instructor exercises in any number of weeks w.
Part a)
The equation representing this relationship is simply the instructor's weekly exercise hours multiplied by the number of weeks. So, if the instructor exercises 15 hours per week, the equation would be:
h = 15 × w
Part b)
Using the equation to determine the total hours in 9 weeks, we substitute w with 9:
h = 15 × 9
h = 135
Therefore, in 9 weeks, the instructor will exercise a total of 135 hours.
Overfishing of stocks of fish species, like salmon and cod, in an effort to meet a growing global demand has become an international concern. A recent estimate indicates that the average annual consumption of fish globally in 2014 was about twice the consumption in 1960. Because of increased concerns about the impact of overfishing, fishery managers are looking for ways to protect wild populations while still satisfying global demand for food for human consumption. Which of the following techniques could best reduce the harmful effects of overfishing if it were to be widely adopted by the fishing industry?
A. Increased use of large-mesh gill nets for harvesting salmon and trout.
B. Greater reliance on bottom trawling in coastal waters for harvesting shrimp and sole.
C. Increased use of long-line fishing techniques in the open ocean for harvesting swordfish and halibut.
D. Widespread application of cyanide in tropical waters for harvesting tuna and cod.
Answer:
Option A, Increased use of large-mesh gill nets for harvesting salmon and trout.
Explanation:
Overfishing usually lead to catching of young and fertile salmon and trout. These young fishes are responsible for producing more young salmon and trout. Since they get entrapped easily in small sized mesh wire net, they could not reproduce due to which the number of salmon and trout killed becomes higher than the number of salmon and trout reproduced.
Using large mesh sized net will only capture bigger fish which do not contribute much to the future generation, thereby catering present demand along with making way for meeting out future demands as well.
Hence, option A is correct
The most effective way to reduce the harmful effects of overfishing could be the increased use of large-mesh gill nets, as this allows younger fish to escape, grow, and reproduce, which supports the maintenance of fish stocks. Other mentioned methods can result in significant environmental harm.
Explanation:The question pertains to finding an effective solution for mitigating the negative effects of overfishing on global fish stocks. Based on the scenarios given in the options, A) Increased use of large-mesh gill nets for harvesting salmon and trout could be the most effective. Large-mesh gill nets allow smaller, younger fish to escape, which helps to maintain a balanced age structure within the fish population. This technique would protect juvenile fish so they can mature and reproduce, thereby supporting the longevity of the species.
Options B, C, and D all involve methods of fishing that cause significant environmental harm or don't allow for selective fishing. Bottom trawling and long-line fishing techniques often result in bycatch, while the application of cyanide is extremely harmful to marine ecosystems.
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Gerald has restricted his calorie intake while continuing to exercise, and has been losing 1.5 pounds per week. However, when he weighs himself at the end of week 4, he notices he has not lost any weight since last week. What does this likely mean?
Answer:
It means Gerald's body retains water while it burned fat.
Explanation:
Calorie intake affects how our body burns stored and burn fat and also how much calories are utilized. Weight loss becomes very effective when calories and fat are utilized by low-calorie intake and exercising.
Our bodies store fat in the fat cell and they remain inactive until it is needed by the body. The body makes use of the calories for energy production of its day to day activities. When there is low-calorie intake and physical activities such as exercising are carried out, the fat in the fat cell provides energy. This utilization of the fat leads to fat burning resulting in weight loss.
Gerald restricted his calorie intake while involving in exercising, it resulted in weight loss for 3 weeks. At the end of the fourth week, it is also expected that the Gerald will burn fat which he did, but his body retained water.
The water retained by Gerald's body accounted for the fat that was burned thus there was no weight loss.
A 15-year-old female comes in for her annual physical. Her mom informs you that she is worried because the girl has been on a strict diet and has lost a great deal of weight in the past few months. She has very little energy and does not seem interested in hanging out with her friends. The girl mentions that she has been losing some hair lately and she has not menstruated over three months. Microscopic analysis of her urine does not reveal anything abnormal.
Answer: Anorexia
Explanation:
Anorexia is a eating disorder characterized by a significantly reduced appetite or absolute food aversion. Anorexia is a extreme psychiatric disease. It is a disorder that goes far further than dieting out of control. Anorexia is most common in a girl or young woman, starts dieting to lose weight in the first place.
Several symptoms of anorexia includes:
Rapidly losing weight or becoming emaciated and severely underweight. Amenorrhea: an prolonged menstrual absence, or loss of three consecutive menstrual cycles .Depression or lethargic level. Hair loss or thinning.Stop social events, relatives, and friends. Can be isolated and revoked.The person will be traeted with nutrional and therapeutic methods.
Hence, the girls is suffering from Anorexia.
A nursing student is taking a pathophysiology examination. Which of the following factors would the student correctly identify as contributing to the underlying pathophysiology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
a) Decreased goblet cells
b) Mucus secretions that block airways
c) Overinflated alveoli that impair gas exchange
d) Inflamed airways that obstruct airflow
Answer: Option b, c and d
Explanation:
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a life threatening condition in which the lungs gets affected and the ability of the lungs to breathe decreases.
In this case there is a damage in the airways and the tiny air sacs in the lungs. There is an excess of mucus secretion that ultimately hinders the airways causing difficulty in breathing.
The alveoli is also affected as the bronchi oles and alveoli gets narrow which affects the breathing pattern. The inflammation of the air ways also causes the obstruction in the airflow which causes difficulty in breathing.
Hence, the option B, C and D are all the pathophysiology examination of patient suffering from COPD.
Vinicius, age 4, does not approach others in his class. When other students ask him to play, Vinicius might nod his head, but he does not join in play or converse with the other children. He seems preoccupied with rubbing circular patterns on the wall and on his desk. Which disorder is MOST consistent with Vinicius's behavior?
Answer: Disorder MOST consistent with Vinicius's behavior is Autism Spectrum disorder
Explanation:A child with autism usually prefer their own space since they seem to find it difficult to catch up with everyone else because autism causes them to have slow development than their other peers.Autism spectrum disorder is due to an effect on brain development which affect how a child perceives and socialize with their peers because they find it hard to interact and communicate
Answer:
The disorder that this child could have is TGD or even autism.
Explanation:
TGD stands for Generalized Developmental Disorders (TGD) which include a group of disorders that affect the growth of children during the first years of life. It is a set of alterations characterized by delays in different areas of development, such as communication skills and social interaction that in turn affect children's activities, interests and behaviors. However, although these disorders continue in childhood, their disorders will continue until adulthood.
And as for autism, (which I think is the most accurate) it means the following:
the variety and severity of symptoms can vary greatly. The most common symptoms are difficulty communicating, difficulty with social interactions, obsessive interests, and repetitive behaviors.
Early diagnosis and behavioral, educational, and family therapy can reduce symptoms and provide support for development and learning.
Autism spectrum disorder affects the nervous system.
Which section highlights the idea that Frances Glessner Lee changed how crimes were investigated?
A
"Murder Is Her Hobby"
B
"How To Properly Collect Evidence"
C
"Restoring The Nutshells"
D
"Grab Your Magnifying Glass"
Answer:
a
Explanation:
CELL ORGANELLE ANALOGY: CREATE YOUR OWN EXAMPLE
SOME EXAMPLES YOU COULD USE (SCHOOL, FACTORY, CITY, KINGDOM, ETC.)
Someone help it’s due Today!!!!
A school can be used as an analogy for a cell organelle, with the principal representing the nucleus and teachers as ribosomes.
Explanation:An analogy for a cell organelle could be a school. In a school, the principal functions as the nucleus, governing and controlling the activities of the school. The teachers represent the ribosomes, where proteins (knowledge) are synthesized and delivered to the students. The classrooms can be compared to the endoplasmic reticulum, as they are responsible for the storage and transport of materials (students) within the school.
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Healthcare workers must protect themselves against becoming infected with HIV. The Center for Disease Control has issued guidelines for healthcare workers in relation to protection from HIV. These guidelines include which recommendation?
A. Place HIV positive clients in strict isolation and limit visitors.
B. Wear gloves when coming in contact with the blood or body fluids of any client.
C. Conduct mandatory HIV testing of those who work with AIDS clients.
D. Freeze HIV blood specimens at -70° F to kill the virus.
Answer:
Wear gloves when coming in contact with the blood or body fluids of any client. (Ans. B)
Explanation:
HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) causes AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) which is transmitted through the exposure to infected blood, sexual connection, and during the perinatal period from mother to offspring.
Healthcare workers must protect themselves while exposed to blood and other body fluids from patients infected with HIV. The CDC guideline includes: They should wear gloves when coming in contact with the blood or body fluids of any patient.
Final answer:
CDC guidelines recommend healthcare workers to wear gloves when coming in contact with any client's blood or body fluids, as part of standard precautions against HIV infection and other blood-borne pathogens. So the correct option is B.
Explanation:
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has issued guidelines for healthcare workers to protect themselves against HIV infection. Among these recommendations, wearing gloves when coming in contact with the blood or body fluids of any client is the correct answer to this question. This practice is part of standard precautions to prevent the transmission of bloodborne pathogens, not just HIV but also other infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C. Other precautions include using face protection, disposable syringes and needles, and following proper sterilization processes.
It is essential to note that placing HIV-positive clients in strict isolation and limiting visitors is unnecessary as HIV is not transmitted by casual day-to-day contact. Mandatory HIV testing of healthcare workers is also not a CDC recommendation. Lastly, freezing HIV blood specimens at -70° F to kill the virus is not a guideline for preventing transmission during routine healthcare worker activities.
During report, the nurse learns that a client with mania has not slept since admission 2 days ago. On entering the day room, the nurse finds this client dancing to loud music. Which would be the most appropriate statement by the nurse?
A) Do you think you could sit still for a few minutes so we can talk?
B) How are you ever going to get any rest if you keep that music on?
C) Let's go to the conference room and talk for a while.
D) Turn the radio down so we can hear ourselves talk.
Answer:
C) Let's go to the conference room and talk for a while.
Explanation:
The best option is to take the client out of the dayroom and take him to a quiet room where the client can relax and not be stimulated. By taking the client out of the dayroom and into the conference room, the nurse will be able to have the attention of the person to talk to him and, at the same time, help the client to relax.
Justin is examining the effectiveness of using scare tactics to manipulate the behaviors of 54 people living in different regions of the same island, categorized as the beach, the valley, and the mountains. What is the third step Justin should follow for hypothesis testing?
Answer:The third step that Justin need to do is to compute the test statistic and the probability value. This step of the hypothesis testing takes into consideration the fact that Justin need to construct the confidence intervals depending on the approach he is using to test. Justin needs to carry out the plan and physically analyze the sample data.
The key to a healthcare organization's success is the coordination and cooperation of three key groups as they work together to identify community needs and pursue organizational goals. These three key groups are _____.
Answer:
Governance, management and employee (employed staff).
Explanation:
• In a healthcare system, the governance is made up of the board of directors and the medical staff leaders. Their main role is to ensure clinincal governance. They help in improving the general welfare of the healthcare organization.
•The management of the healthcare organization are executives who take care of the business deals of the healthcare organization. They manage and lead the healthcare organization. They also enforce policies.
•The employed staff comprises of the nurses,doctors and other health workers. They carry out the main role of the healthcare organization.
These 3 groups are the key to a healthcare organization's success.
The key to a healthcare organization's success is the coordination and cooperation of three key groups as they work together to identify community needs and pursue organizational goals. These three key groups are the governing board, medical staff, and administrative staff.
The success of a healthcare organization largely depends on the effective coordination and cooperation among three key groups: the governing board, the medical staff, and the administrative staff. Each of these groups plays a crucial role in the functioning of the healthcare organization:
1. Governing Board: This group is responsible for setting the strategic direction of the organization, establishing policies, and ensuring that the organization complies with laws and regulations. The governing board also oversees the financial health of the organization and makes decisions that align with the mission and vision of the healthcare institution.
2. Medical Staff: Comprising physicians and other healthcare professionals, the medical staff is primarily responsible for providing clinical care to patients. They work directly with patients and are involved in developing and implementing clinical protocols and standards. The medical staff also plays a critical role in the quality assurance and improvement processes within the organization.
3. Administrative Staff: This group manages the day-to-day operations of the healthcare organization. They ensure that the organization runs efficiently by overseeing functions such as human resources, finance, marketing, and facility management. The administrative staff also plays a key role in implementing the strategies and policies set by the governing board and in supporting the medical staff in their clinical duties.
The coordination among these three groups is essential for the healthcare organization to effectively identify community health needs, deliver high-quality patient care, and achieve its organizational goals. Effective communication and collaboration among the governing board, medical staff, and administrative staff enable the organization to adapt to changing healthcare environments, improve patient outcomes, and maintain financial stability.
Thirty people are selected for a long-term mission to colonize a planet many light years away from Earth. The mission is successful and the population rapidly grows to several hundred individuals. However, certain genetic diseases are unusually common in this group, and their gene pool is quite different from that of the Earth population they have left behind. Which of the following phenomena has left its mark on this population?
a) gene flow
b) natural selection
c) high rates of mutation
d) founder effect
e) bottleneck effect
Answer:
d) founder effect
Explanation:
Founder effect is a genetic drift that occurs when a new population is formed by small number of people from a larger population. As a result of this drift, the spread of a disease can increase. For example If a small population moves from a larger population to settle in a desert, the founder effect can occur. If some of the colonizers are carriers of a disease, this disease would spread faster in the small population than if it had been in a larger population.
Visualization is the process of picturing the other team making mistakes so you can win.
Answer:False
Explanation:
Answer: False.
Explanation:
Visualization is the formation of a mental image of something.
Ineffective Therapeutic Regimen Management is determined to be an appropriate nursing diagnosis for Susan. Knowledge of diabetes self-care management should be assessed and reinforced. Which short-term goal statement applies to Susan?
Answer: After a teaching session, Susan should be able to list situations that can cause hyperglycemia.
Explanation:
The ineffective therapeutic regimen management involved the pattern for the regulation and integration of the daily living program for the treatment of the illness and the unsatisfactory treatment measures which cannot fulfill the health goals can be assessed by the medical practitioner or by self-assessment.
According to the given situation, Susan can assess her medical condition through the knowledge of diabetes, and involving the self care. She can list out the situations which are contributing to the hyperglycemia. This approach is measurable and realistic.
A child is recovering from a bout with group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. They return to the clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted in the face and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed:A. Acute nephritic syndrome
B. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
C. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
D. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
Answer:Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis-----C
Explanation:
Acute post-infectious glomerulonephritis is a disorder of the (glomerulonephritis), a primary glomerular disease affecting only the kidney which presents glomerular to be internally inflammed with cellular proliferation heightened by a variety of bacterial infections, typically of the Streptococcus bacteria type---- β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection which occurs mostly in children after a pharyngeal infection with a favorable outcome but with a bacterial infection complications presenting such child with puffiness, edema and decreased urination.
Even though it commonly affects children, this condition also affects adults especially with a compromised immune system arising from underlying disease such as diabetes hepatitis and alcohol intakes etc. Although the recovery prognosis in children is higher when compared to adults.
A common term for often resource poor societies that continue to observe premodern ways of life work and worship often associated often associated with high infant mortality rates, low life expectancy, poverty, illiteracy, hunger, and lack of basic medical services is:________.
Answer:
traditional societies.
Explanation:
One of the importance of sociology studies is that it used in the studying of how human beings behave individually or collectively in a society. And this is the reason the concept of traditional societies is part of the studies sociologists do study. Sociologists also recognises other society such as Industrial societies and post-Industrial societies which are part of the colonial society.
The traditional societies is based on old traditions or customs that have been existing since. The traditional societies is also refer to as a small scale society.
"Calories are a measure of Group of answer choices the fat content of a particular food. the total grams of fat, carbohydrate, and protein in a particular food. the amount of energy in a particular food. the vitamin and mineral content of a particular food."
Answer: Calorie is the amount of energy in a particular food
Explanation:
A calorie is a unit of energy that can be derived from food and drink and also the energy exhausted in physical activity.
Because Calories are essential for human health, it is necessary for individuals to consume the right amount bearing in mind that foods and drinks that are high in energy but having low nutritional value usually provide empty calories.
Two types of calories exist which are;
--Small calorie defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1º Celsius. and
---Large calorie defined the amount of energy required to raise 1 kilogram (kg) of water by 1º Celsius
Calories in food represent the energy provided by the macronutrients: proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The Atwater system is used to calculate this on food labels, with protein and carbohydrates providing 4 Calories per gram and fats 9 Calories per gram.
Explanation:Calories are a measure of the amount of energy in a particular food. The caloric content on food labels is calculated using the Atwater system, which considers the average caloric content of food's chemical constituents: protein, carbohydrate, and fats. For instance, each gram of carbohydrate and protein contributes approximately 4 Calories, whereas a gram of fat contributes about 9 Calories. This system factors in the indigestible portion of carbohydrates, such as fiber, to provide a more accurate energy content estimation. Nutrition labels provide the total caloric content, as well as the breakdown into Calories from each of the three macronutrients.
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