The mass of a mole of carbon atoms is 12.011 grams. What is the mass of a single atom of carbon?

Answers

Answer 1

Amount of substance can be measured in the number of moles.
Avagadros constant states that 1 mol of any substance is made of 6.022 x 10^23 units.
These units could be atoms making up elements or molecules making up compounds
1 mol of C is made of 6.022 x 10^23 atoms of C
Since 1 mol of C has a mass of 12.011 g
Therefore 6.022 x 10^23 atoms of C weigh 12.011 g
Then 1 atom of C weighs -12.011 g / 6.022 x 10^23 atoms = 1.99 x 10^(-23) g
Mass of 1 C atom is 1.99 x 10^(-23) g

Answer 2

Answer:

1.99 x 10^(-23) g

Explanation:

Related Questions

How many moles of nitrogen, n, are in 83.0 g of nitrous oxide, n2o?

Answers

The moles of nitrogen n in 83.0 g of N2O is calculated as below

find the moles of N2O
moles = mass/molar mass

= 83 g/44g/mol= 1.886 moles
the moles of Nitrogen in N2O is therefore

=1.886 moles x2(since there are two atom of N in N2O) =3.772 moles

There are approximately [tex]3.772[/tex] moles of nitrogen in [tex]83.0 g[/tex] of nitrous oxide [tex](N$_2$O)[/tex]

To determine the number of moles of nitrogen in [tex]83.0 g[/tex] of nitrous oxide [tex](N$_2$O)[/tex], we need to follow these steps:

1. Calculate the molar mass of [tex]N$_2$O[/tex]:

Nitrogen ([tex]N[/tex]) has a molar mass of approximately [tex]14.01 g/mol.[/tex]

Oxygen ([tex]O[/tex]) has a molar mass of approximately [tex]16.00 g/mol.[/tex]

The molar mass of [tex]N$_2$O[/tex] is:

[tex]\[\text{Molar mass of N}_2\text{O} = 2 \times 14.01 \, \text{g/mol} + 16.00 \, \text{g/mol} = 28.02 \, \text{g/mol} + 16.00 \, \text{g/mol} = 44.02 \, \text{g/mol}\][/tex]

2. Calculate the number of moles of [tex]N$_2$O[/tex] in [tex]83.0 g[/tex]:

[tex]\[\text{Number of moles of N}_2\text{O} = \frac{83.0 \, \text{g}}{44.02 \, \text{g/mol}} = 1.886 \, \text{moles}\][/tex]

3. Determine the number of moles of nitrogen atoms in [tex]N$_2$O[/tex]

Each molecule of [tex]N$_2$O[/tex] contains [tex]2[/tex] nitrogen atoms. Therefore, the number of moles of nitrogen atoms is twice the number of moles of [tex]N$_2$O.[/tex]

[tex]\[\text{Number of moles of nitrogen atoms} = 2 \times 1.886 \, \text{moles} = 3.772 \, \text{moles}\][/tex]

A 3.5 gram sample of a radioactive element was formed in a 1960 explosion of an atomic bomb at Johnson Island in the Pacific test site. The half-life of the radioactive element is 28 years. How much of the original sample will remain in the year 2030? Show your work.

Answers

The answer is 0.62g.
Solution:
From year 1960 to year 2030, it has been
2030-1960 = 70 years

The half-life of the radioactive element is 28 years, then the sample will go through
70 years * (1 half-life/28 years) = 2.5 half-lives

Starting with a 3.5 gram sample, we will have
3.5*(1/2) after one half-life passes
3.5*(1/2) * (1/2) = 3.5*(1/4) after two half-lives pass
3.5*(1/4) * (1/2) = 3.5*(1/8) after three half-lives pass and so on

Therefore, we can write the remaining amount of the sample after the number n of half-lives have passed as
mass of sample = initial mass of sample/2^n

The mass of the remaining sample for n = 2.5half-lives can be now calculated as
mass of sample = 3.5 grams / 2^2.5 = 0.62 g

What is the number of electrons in an atom of 23v that have an quantum number of 2?

Answers

I=2 d orbital
v has confiduration of 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^2 3p^6 4s^2 3d^3
so it has 3 electrons

Elements of group 4a do not commonly form ions. generally form negative ions. do not combine with other elements. generally form positive ions.

Answers

Final answer:

Elements of Group 4A typically do not form ions readily, but when they do, they generally form positive ions or cations with a +4 charge.

Explanation:

Group 4A elements, also known as the carbon group, typically do not form ions easily. This is because the elements in this group generally have a balance between the energy required to lose or gain electrons, making the formation of ions less favorable. When these elements do form ions, they generally form positive ions or cations. Looking at the periodic table, main-group elements to the left tend to form cations with a positive charge equal to the group number. Conversely, elements to the right, particularly nonmetals, often form anions with a negative charge corresponding to the number of groups they are left of the noble gases. Group 4A elements would thus be expected to form 4+ cations if they were to form ions, which is a high charge and not commonly observed due to the energy involved in removing four electrons.

Which of the following are advantages of the SI system?

(Select all that apply).

A) It is easy to change from one unit to another.
B) It allows scientists to compare experimental results.
C) All its units are based on the number 100.
D) It is based on inches and pounds.

Answers

A b c ar e the correect ones

The advantage of the SI system is that It is easy to change from one unit to another. Hence Option (A) is correct.

What is SI Unit ?

SI unit is a global system of measurements that ar used universally in technical and research to avoid the confusion with the units.

Having a typical unit system is vital as a result of it helps the complete world to grasp the measurements in one set of unit systems.

The SI covers units for each style of measuring, however at the guts of the SI could be a set of seven units called the 'base units'.

This Systeme International d'Unites of Units is critical to confirm that our everyday measurements stay comparable and consistent worldwide.

Therefore, The advantage of the SI system is that It is easy to change from one unit to another. Hence Option (A) is correct.

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what is the maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from the reaction of 287g of silver chlorate with 52.8g of sodium phosphate?

3 Ag(ClO3) + Na3(PO4) —> 3 Na(ClO3) + Ag3(PO4)

Answers

the balanced equation for the above reaction is as follows;
3AgClO₃ + Na₃PO₄ ---> Ag₃PO₄ + 3NaClO₃
stoichiometry of AgClO₃ to Na₃PO₄ is 3:1
first we need to find which is the limiting reactant

number of AgClO₃ moles - 287 g / 191.3 g/mol = 1.500 mol
number of Na₃PO₄ moles - 52.8 g / 163.9 g/mol = 0.322 mol
if AgClO₃ is the limiting reactant
then 1.500 mol of AgClO₃ reacts with - 1.500/3 mol of Na₃PO₄
therefore number of Na₃PO₄ moles required = 0.50 mol of Na₃PO₄ are required but only 0.322 mol are present
therefore Na₃PO₄ is the limiting reactant
amount of product formed depends on amount of limiting reactant present
stoichiometry of Na₃PO₄ to Ag₃PO₄ is 1:1
the number of Na₃PO₄ moles reacted - 0.322 mol
then number of Ag₃PO₄ moles formed - 0.322 mol
mass of Ag₃PO₄ formed - 0.322 mol x 418.6 g/mol = 134.8 g
mass of Ag₃PO₄ produced is 134.8 g

Final answer:

The maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from 287g of silver chlorate and 52.8g of sodium phosphate is 134.78 grams, determined through stoichiometry and the identification of the limiting reactant.

Explanation:

To determine the maximum number of grams of silver phosphate that can be produced from the reaction of 287g of silver chlorate with 52.8g of sodium phosphate, we first need to calculate the moles of each reactant using their molar masses.

For silver chlorate, Ag(ClO3), its molar mass is approximately 235.77 g/mol. Therefore, 287g represents about 1.217 moles of Ag(ClO3).

For sodium phosphate, Na3PO4, its molar mass is approximately 163.94 g/mol. Therefore, 52.8g represents about 0.322 moles of Na3PO4.

According to the balanced chemical equation, 3 moles of Ag(ClO3) react with 1 mole of Na3PO4 to produce Ag3PO4. We can see that sodium phosphate is the limiting reactant because it will run out first. Using stoichiometry, 0.322 moles of Na3PO4 will produce an equal amount of moles of Ag3PO4.

To find out the mass of Ag3PO4 produced, we convert the moles back to grams using the molar mass of Ag3PO4 (418.58 g/mol). Hence, 0.322 moles of Ag3PO4 corresponds to approximately 134.78 grams of Ag3PO4.

This means the maximum mass of silver phosphate that can be produced from the given amounts of reactants is 134.78 grams.

What bonds are broken during the combustion of methane (CH4) to form water and carbon dioxide?

C–H bonds in methane and O–O bonds in oxygen

C–O bonds in carbon dioxide and O–O bonds in oxygen

C–H bonds in methane and H–O bonds in water

H–O bonds in water and C–O bonds in carbon dioxide

Answers

C–H bonds in methane and O–O bonds in oxygen.

CH4 +2O2--->CO2 + 2H2O

CH4 has only C-H bonds.
O2 has only O=O bond.

Answer:

The correct answer is: C–H bonds in methane and O–O bonds in oxygen.

Explanation:

During the combustion of methane, methane react with oxygen molecule to give carbon dioxide and water molecule.

[tex]2CH_4+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2+2H_2O[/tex]

During the course of reaction :

Bond between C-H atom in methane will be broken down Bond between O-O bond will be broken down.

During course of formation of products:

Bonds between oxygen and carbon atom will formed Bonds between oxygen ah hydrogen at will be formed.

Study the following two reactions. Select all that apply.
C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 94.05 kcal
C(diamond) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + 94.50 kcal
What could you infer from the information given above?
a The enthalpy of CO2 is greater than the reactants.
b E2 - E1 is negative.
c Graphite and diamond have equal enthalpy.
d Diamond must have lower internal energy.

Answers

Answer:

Option B only

Explanation:

First to all, we have the same reaction in both equations, the difference between the two of them, is the fact one is Carbon in the form of graphite, and the other is carbon in the form of diamond.

Now, both reactions release energy in the form of heat, and it appears in the side of the products, this means that both reactions are exothermic (An exothermic reaction is when energy is released as product in the equation).

If energy is released in the reaction, (Which is enthalpy), this value is negative. As this value is negative, means that the internal energy of CO2 has to be lower than the energy of the reactants, so, option A can be discarted.

If we do E2 - E1:

-94.5 - (-94.05) = -0.45 kcal

Therefore, option B is correct.

As we can see the energy released in both equations, is different for both, so, graphite and diamond do not have equal enthalpy.

Finally, as the combustion of diamond releases more energy that the combustion of graphite (94.5 > 94.05), means that diamond has a higher internal energy than graphite. and Option D can be discarted.

Complete each reaction for strong electrolytes in water.
a. cacl2(s) →
b. mg(no3)2 →
c. al2(so4)3 →

Answers

Chemical reaction a: CaCl₂(s) → Ca²⁺(aq) + 2Cl⁻(aq).
Chemical reaction b: Mg(NO₃)₂(s) → Mg²⁺(aq) + 2NO₃⁻(aq).
Chemical reaction c: Al₂(SO₄)₃(s) → 2Al³⁺(aq) + 3SO₄²⁻(aq).
This compounds are ionic, in water dissociate on metal cations (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Al³⁺) and anions of conjugate base of acids (Cl⁻, NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻).

Final answer:

Strong electrolytes dissociate completely into ions in water. The resulting ions for CaCl2 are Ca2+ and Cl-; for Mg(NO3)2 are Mg2+ and NO3-; and for Al2(SO4)3 are Al3+ and SO4−2.

Explanation:

In water, strong electrolytes dissociate completely into their ions.

For CaCl2(s) in water: CaCl2(s) → Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)For Mg(NO3)2 in water: Mg(NO3)2(s) → Mg2+(aq) + 2NO3-(aq) For Al2(SO4)3 in water: Al2(SO4)3(s) → 2Al3+(aq) + 3SO4−2(aq)

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Equal quantities of different liquids are placed in closed manometers at 20°
c. which liquid has the highest vapor pressure?

Answers

NOTE: Above question is incomplete:
Complete question is attached as an attached (image),along with the answer.
.......................................................................................................
Vapor pressure is defined as the pressure exerted by a vapor which is in equilibrium with liquid, at a given temperature, in a closed system. If vapor pressure is high, it suggest that escaping tendency of liquid is high. This will result in higher pressure level in manometer.

In present case liquid A (i.e option F) has highest level in manometer, suggesting that it has highest vapor pressure.

What happens in an acid-base reaction according to the arrthenius defintion?

Answers

The acid yields H+ ions while the base yields OH- ions

Final answer:

The Arrhenius definition of acid-base reactions states that an acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions, while a base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton from the acid to the base, resulting in the formation of water and a salt.

Explanation:

According to Arrhenius, an acid-base reaction involves the reaction of a proton (H+) from the acid with a hydroxide ion (OH-) from the base, resulting in the formation of water.

For example, in the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), HCl donates a proton (H+) to NaOH, which accepts the proton, forming water (H2O) and sodium chloride (NaCl) as a salt.

Which is true about the numerical value of the gibbs free-energy change for a spontaneous reaction?

Answers

The truth about the numerical value of the gibb free-energy change for a spontaneous reaction is that

gibbs free energy (delta G) negative

that is delta G<0
when the value of gibbs free energy is negative (less than zero) the reaction is spontaneous , while the value of gibbs free energy is positive ( greater than than zero) the reaction is non spontaneous, and when the gibbs free energy is equal to zero the reaction is at equilibrium.

Answer:

It is negative

Explanation:

For every molecule of glucose, how many molecules of co2 are released in the citric acid cycle

Answers

Since glycolysis of one glucose molecule generates two acetyl CoA molecules, the reactions in the glycolytic pathway and citric acid cycle produce six CO2 molecules , 10 NADH molecules, and FADH2 molecules per glucose molecule.

A solution is prepared by dissolving 27.7 g of cacl2 in 375 g of water. the density of the resulting solution is 1.05 g/ml. the concentration of cacl2 is __________% by mass.

Answers

The concentration of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}[/tex] is [tex]\boxed{6.88\;\%}[/tex] by mass.

Further Explanation:

The proportion of substance in the mixture is called concentration. The most commonly used concentration terms are as follows:

1. Molarity (M)

2. Molality (m)

3. Mole fraction (X)

4. Parts per million (ppm)

5. Mass percent ((w/w) %)

6. Volume percent ((v/v) %)

Mass percent:

It is the ratio of the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the solution, multiplied by 100.

The formula to calculate the mass percent of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mass}}\;{\text{percent of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2} = \left( {\frac{{{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}}}{{{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}\;{\text{solution}}}}} \right)\left( {100} \right)[/tex] …… (1)

The formula to calculate the mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] solution is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ solution}} = {\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}} + {\text{Mass of water}}[/tex] …… (2)

The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is 27.7 g.

The mass of water is 375 g.

Substitute these values in equation (2).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_{\text{2}}}{\text{ solution}}&=27.7{\text{ g}}+{\text{375 g}}\\&={\text{402}}{\text{.7 g}}\\\end{aligned}[/tex]

The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex] is 27.7 g.

The mass of [tex]{\text{CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}[/tex]solution is 402.7 g.

Substitute these values in equation (1).

[tex]\begin{aligned}{\text{Mass}}\;{\text{percent of CaC}}{{\text{l}}_2}&=\left( {\frac{{{\text{27}}{\text{.7 g}}}}{{{\text{402}}{\text{.7 g}}}}} \right)\left( {100} \right)\\&=6.8785\;\%\\&\approx 6.8{\text{8 \% }}\\\end{aligend}[/tex]

Therefore the mass percent of [tex]{\mathbf{CaC}}{{\mathbf{l}}_{\mathbf{2}}}[/tex] is 6.88 %.

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Answer details:

Grade: Senior School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Concentration terms

Keywords: mass percent, 6.88 %, mass of CaCl2, mass of water, mass of CaCl2, concentration, CaCl2, 27.7 g, 375 g, 402.7 g.

Final answer:

The concentration of CaCl2 in the solution is approximately 6.88% by mass.

Explanation:

The concentration of a solution is usually expressed as a percent by mass. In order to calculate this, we need to determine the mass of the solute (CaCl2) and the mass of the solution (cacl2 + water).

Given that 27.7g of CaCl2 is dissolved in 375g of water, the total mass of the solution would be 27.7g + 375g = 402.7g.

The concentration of CaCl2 is then calculated by dividing the mass of CaCl2 by the mass of the solution and multiplying by 100%: (27.7g / 402.7g) x 100% ≈ 6.88%.

Which of the following is a correct description of a double bond between two carbon atoms?

A double bond will produce four single bonds to form a tetrahedral shape.
A double bond between carbon atoms will eventually form a ring of carbons.
A double bond between carbon atoms is longer than a triple bond between carbon atoms.
A double bond will quickly reduce to single bonds to create three-dimensional tetrahedra.

Answers

Correct answer is: A double bond between carbon atoms is longer than a triple bond between carbon atoms.

Reason:
In a carbon-carbon double bonded system, each carbon has undergoes sp2 hybridization. Thus, it bond order of system is 2. While in case of carbon-carbon bonded system via triple bond, each carbon atom undergoes sp hybridization. The bond order in this case is 3. Further, extent of overlap in sp hybridized orbitals is more as compared to sp2 hybridized orbitals. Hence, a double bond between carbon atoms is longer than a triple bond between carbon atoms.

From the following,the correct description of a double bond between two carbon atoms is that A double bond will produce four single bonds to form a tetrahedral shape. A carbon to carbon bond is an example of nonpolar covalent bonding.

Determine the empirical formula of a compound containing 22.6% nitrogen and 77.4% oxygen

Answers

empirical formula is the simplest ratio of whole numbers of components in a compound
for 100 g of the compound
N O
mass 22.6 g 77.4 g
number of moles 22.6 g / 14 g/mol 77.4 g / 16 g/mol
= 1.61 mol = 4.84 mol
divide by the least number of moles
1.61 / 1.61 = 1.00 4.84 / 1.61 = 3.01
rounded off to nearest whole numbers
N - 1
O - 3

therefore empirical formula - NO₃

The empirical formula of a compound that contain 22.6% nitrogen and 77.4% oxygen is calculated as below

calculate the moles of each element
= % composition/molar mass
that is
N(nitrogen) = 22.6/14= 1.61 moles
O(oxygen) = 77.4/16 = 4.84 mole

find the mole ratio by dividing each mole by the smallest mole ( 1.61 moles)

that is
N = 1.61/1.61 = 1
O = 4.84/1.61 = 3

therefore the empirical formula = NO3

What is the molecular geometry about nitrogen in ch3nh2?

Answers

In Methyl Amine the Nitrogen atom is attached to two Hydrogen Atoms and one Methyl (CH₃-) group. From Lewis structure it is shown that the Nitrogen atom also contains a lone pair of electron.
So,
According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory, those central atoms which have four electron pairs and all of them are bonding electron pairs gives Tetrahedral Geometry.

Methylamine also contains four electron pairs, but out of four only three are bonding pair electrons and one lone pair electron. Now, due to presence of lone pair of electron (which has greater repulsion effect than bonding electron pair) the bond angle between H-N-H will decrease from 109° to 107° and results in the formation of Trigonal Pyramidal geometry as shown below,

Methylamine is widely used in the making of pharmaceuticals, surfactants, and rubber chemicals. The lewis structure of methylamine determined the presence of lone pairs on nitrogen and have a trigonal pyramidal shape.

Methylamine is an organic molecule, in which one methyl group (CH3) and one amine group (NH3) are present.

The given below in the attachment is the lewis dot structure of methylamine.

The lewis dot structure is based on the Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR). According to this theory:

The central atom carbon has four valence electrons, out of which three are bonded with Hydrogen (H) and one with Nitrogen (N). Similarly, the methylamine also has four electron pairs, out of which three are bonded and one is lone pair. The presence of lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen will create a greater repulsion effect than bonding pairs. Thus, the bond length of H-N-H will be decreased due to lone pairs, the angle will decrease from 109-degrees to 107-degrees. This, decrease in the angle will result in the shape of trigonal pyramidal geometry of the amine group in methylamine.

Therefore, amine group will have trigonal pyramidal geomtery.

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How does the total volume of gas particles compare to the volume of the space between gas particles?

Answers

Answer:
There is more space between gas particles than the size of the particles.

Explanation:
This scenario can be understand by taking a very simple example. As we know that 1 mole of any gas at standard temperature and pressure occupy 22.4 liters of volume. Lets take Hydrogen gas and Oxygen gas, 1 mole of each gas will occupy same volume. Why it is so? Why same volume although Oxygen is 16 times more heavier? This is because the space between gas molecules is very large. Approximately the distance between gas molecules is 300 times greater than their own diameter from its neighbor molecules.

Which substance is an electrolyte? A) O2 B) Xe C) C3H8 D) KNO3

Answers

Answer:
KNO₃ is an electrolyte.

Explanation:
Electrolyte is any specie which when dissolved in water produces a cation and anoin. Electrolytes has the ability to conduct electricity. In given options O₂, Xe and C₃H₈ are non electrolytes because they cannot dissociate into cation and an anion due to their covalent bonds or monoatomic nature. The dissociation of Potassium Nitrate is as follow,

KNO₃ → K⁺ ₍aq₎ + NO₃⁻ ₍aq₎

KNO3 (potassium nitrate) is the substance that is an electrolyte among the given options because it dissolves in water to form ions, which allows it to conduct electricity.

The question asks which substance is an electrolyte from the options provided. An electrolyte is a substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water, thereby conducting electricity. Among the options given:

O2 (oxygen) and Xe (xenon) are noble gases and do not form ions in solution, hence they are not electrolytes.

C3H8 (propane) is a hydrocarbon which does not ionize in water, making it a nonelectrolyte.

KNO3 (potassium nitrate) dissolves in water to form potassium (K+) and nitrate (NO3−) ions, which means it is an electrolyte and can conduct electricity.

Therefore, the substance that is an electrolyte among the options is KNO3 (potassium nitrate).

How many grams of solute are in 1.00 liter of 0.200m na2so4 solution?

Answers

Molarity can be defined as the number of moles of solute in 1 L solution.
Molarity of Na₂SO₄ solution - 0.200 M
this means there are 0.200 moles in 1 L solution
Molar mass of Na₂SO₄ - 142 g/mol
therefore mass of Na₂SO₄ in 1.00 L - 0.200 mol x 142 g/mol = 28.4 g
a mass of 28.4 g of Na₂SO₄ is present in 1.00 L

Final answer:

There are 28.42 grams of Na2SO4 in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M solution by first finding the number of moles in one liter and then multiplying by the molar mass of Na2SO4.

Explanation:

To determine the mass of solute in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M Na2SO4 solution, we need to follow these steps:

Calculate the number of moles of Na2SO4 in 1.00 L of the solution using the molarity. Since molarity is moles per liter, we have 0.200 moles of Na2SO4 because 0.200M means 0.200 moles per liter.Find the molar mass of Na2SO4. The molar mass of Na2SO4 is (2 × 23.0) + 32.1 + (4 × 16.0) = 142.1 g/mol.Multiply the number of moles by the molar mass to get the mass in grams. So, 0.200 moles × 142.1 g/mol = 28.42 grams of Na2SO4.

Therefore, there are 28.42 grams of Na2SO4 in 1.00 liter of a 0.200M solution.

How many moles of naf must be dissolved in 1.00 liter of a saturated solution of pbf2 at 25°c to reduce the [pb2+] to 1.0 × 10–6 m? the ksp for pbf2 at 25 °c is 4.0 × 10–8?

Answers

The reaction involved in the given question is
[tex] PbF_{2} [/tex] → [tex] Pb^{2+} [/tex] + [tex] 2F^{-} [/tex]

Ksp= [[tex] Pb^{2+} [/tex]] [[tex] F^{-}[/tex]]^2
4.0 ×[tex] 10^{-8} [/tex] = 1×[tex] 10^{-6} [/tex] [[tex] F^{-}[/tex]]^2

∴[[tex] F^{-} [/tex]] = 0.2 mole

Thus, 0.2 mole of NaF must be dissolved in 1l of sat. solution of [tex] PbF_{2} [/tex] to reduce [tex] Pb^{2+} [/tex] to 1 X 10^(-6) M

Final answer:

To reduce the [Pb2+] to 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M in a 1.00 liter solution of saturated PbF2, 26.45 grams of NaF should be added, as the Ksp for PbF2 is 4.0 × 10⁻⁸ at 25°C.

Explanation:

To determine how many moles of NaF must be added to a 1.00 liter solution of saturated PbF2 to reduce the [Pb2+] concentration to 1.0 × 10−6 M, we need to consider the Ksp of PbF2 and the common ion effect. The Ksp expression for PbF2 is Ksp = [Pb2+][F−]2, and the Ksp value given is 4.0 × 10−8 at 25°C. As we add NaF, which is a source of fluoride ions, F−, this will affect the equilibrium according to Le Chatelier's principle.

Since NaF fully dissociates in solution, each mole of NaF will provide one mole of F−. Our target is to maintain the [Pb2+] at 1.0 × 10−6 M while knowing the Ksp. From this, we can derive that:

[F−] = √(Ksp / [Pb2+]) = √(4.0 × 10⁻⁸ / 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M) = √(4.0 × 10⁻² M) = 6.3 × 10⁻¹ M

Since the concentration of F− should be approximately 0.63 M to maintain the [Pb2+] at the desired level, and we want to achieve this in a 1-liter solution, we need to dissolve 0.63 moles of NaF:

0.63 moles × 41.99 g/mol = 26.45 grams of NaF.

This is the mass of NaF that should be dissolved to achieve the desired [Pb2+] in the solution.

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What is the mass of a 720-mL sample of ClF3 at 735 torr and 43 °C?

Answers

The mass of 720 ml sample of CLF3 at 735 torr and 43 c is calculated as follows
mass= moles x molar mass

molar mass of ClF3=92.448 g/mol

calculate the number of moles of ClF3 by use of ideal gas equation

n(number of moles = PV/RT
p(pressure)= 735 torrs
V(volume)=720ml = 720/1000 =0.72 L
T(temperature)= 43 +273 = 316 k
R(gas constant)= 62.364 L.torr/mol.k

n is therefore = ( 0.72 l x735 torr) / 62.364 l.torr/Mol.k x 316 k) = 0.0269 moles

mass is therefore= 0.0269 mol x 92.448 g/mol = 2.487 grams

How much 0.85 M HCl solution can be made by diluting 250 mL of 10 M HCl?

Answers

Answer is: 2940 mL of the HCL solution.

c₁(HCl) = 10.0 M.

V₂(AgNO₃) = ?.
c₂(AgNO₃) = 0.85 M.
V₁(AgNO₃) = 250 mL ÷ 1000 mL/L = 0.25 L.

c₁ - original concentration of the solution, before it gets diluted.
c₂ - final concentration of the solution, after dilution.
V₁ - volume to be diluted.
V₂ - final volume after dilution.
c₁ · V₁ = c₂ · V₂.
V₂(HCl) = c₁ · V₁ ÷ c₂.

V₂(HCl) = 10 M · 0.25 L ÷ 0.85 M.

V₂(HCl) = 2.94 L · 1000 mL = 2940 mL.

The amount of 0.85M HCl solution that can be made by diluting 250 ml of 10M HCl is calculated using

M1V1=M2V2 formula

M1=0.85M
V1=?
M2= 10M
V2= 250 ml

by making the V1 the subject of the formula
V1 = M2V2/M1

V1 = (10 Mx250 ml)/ 0.85 M =2941.2 ml

A gas occupies a volume at 34.2 mL at a temperature of 15.0 C and a pressure of 800.0 torr. What will be the volume of this gas at STP?

Answers

The answer is 34.1 mL.
Solution:
Assuming ideal behavior of gases, we can use the universal gas law equation
P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2
The terms with subscripts of one represent the given initial values while for terms with subscripts of two represent the standard states which is the final condition.
At STP, P2 is 760.0torr and T2 is 0°C or 273.15K. Substituting the values to the ideal gas expression, we can now calculate for the volume V2 of the gas at STP:
(800.0torr * 34.2mL) / 288.15K = (760.0torr * V2) / 273.15K
V2 = (800.0torr * 34.2mL * 273.15K) / (288.15K * 760.0torr)
V2 = 34.1 mL

the ideal gas law equation can be used to find the number of moles of the gas at given conditions
PV = nRT
where
P - pressure - 800.0 torr x 133.3 Pa/torr = 106 640 Pa
V - volume - 34.2 x 10⁻³ m³
n - number of moles
R - universal gas constant - 8.314 Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹
T - temperature in Kelvin - 15 °C + 273 = 288 K
substituting these values in the equation
106 640 Pa x 34.2 x 10⁻³ m³ = n x 8.314 Jmol⁻¹K⁻¹ x 288 K
n = 1.52 mol

molar volume is where 1 mol of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 L at STP
therefore if 1 mol occupies - 22.4 L
then 1.52 mol occupies - 22.4 L/mol x 1.52 mol = 34.05 L
volume of the gas at STP is 34.05 L

Which statement best describes the oxidation numbers of the atoms found in magnesium chloride?
A. Magnesium has a 2+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number. B. Magnesium has a 2- oxidation number and chlorine has a 2+ oxidation number. C. Magnesium has a 2- oxidation number and chlorine has a 1+ oxidation number. D. Magnesium has a 1+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number.

Answers

Answer is: A. Magnesium has a 2+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number.
Magnesium is metal from second group of Periodic table of elements and it lost two electrons to have electron configuration as closest noble gas neon (₁₀Ne), chlorine is nonmetal from 17. group of Periodic table and it gains one electron to have electron configuration as argon (₁₈Ar).

I believe Magnesium has a 2+ oxidation number and chlorine has a 1- oxidation number. An oxidation number is a number that is assigned to an atom in a substance. It could be positive, negative, or zero, and it indicates if electrons are lost or gained. Oxidation number helps in keeping track of electrons in an atom.

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is said to be ________ and has a ________ δh at constant pressure.

Answers

A chemical reaction that absorbs heat from the surroundings is said to be endothermic and has a positive ΔH at constant pressure.
There are two types of reaction: endothermic reaction (chemical reaction that absorbs more energy than it releases) and exothermic reaction (chemical reaction that releases more energy than it absorbs).
For example, sublimation is an endothermic process, dry ice (carbon(IV) oxide in solid state) is used because of sublimation in nightclubs, fog machines, at theaters, haunted house attractions.

Final answer:

An endothermic process is a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs heat, with a positive change in enthalpy. An example is the reaction in a cold pack, where heat is absorbed, resulting in a sensation of cold. In contrast, an exothermic process releases heat, such as the combustion reaction in a Bunsen burner.

Explanation:

An endothermic process is a chemical reaction or physical change that absorbs heat from the surroundings. It is represented by a positive change in enthalpy, which is the sum of a system's internal energy and the mathematical product of its pressure and volume.

An example of an endothermic process is the reaction that occurs in a cold pack used to treat muscle strains. When the substances in the cold pack are brought together, heat is absorbed, resulting in a sensation of cold.

In contrast, an exothermic process releases heat. An example of an exothermic process is the combustion reaction that occurs when using a Bunsen burner. The heat given off during this reaction is equal to the enthalpy change of the methane combustion reaction.

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Which general formula can be used to identify carbohydrates?

Answers

I believe its (CH20)n

Explanation:

Carbohydrates are the organic compounds that contain a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms which are chemically combined together.

Their general formula is [tex](CH_{2}O)_{x}[/tex] where x is any integer.

For example, lactose has chemical formula [tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}[/tex] and it is a carbohydrate.

A carbohydrate can be monosaccharide, disaccharide, oligosaccharide or polysaccharide.

What will happen to the pressure if another mole of gas is added to the cylinder but the temperature and volume do not change?

Answers

Answer: The pressure will increase.

Note: " PV = nRT " .

R is a gas constant;

If V and R remain constant, an increase in "n" will result in an increase in "P" .
__________________________________________________________

What is the total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel?

Answers

The number of atoms that are contained in 2.00 moles nickel is calculated by use of Avogadro law constant

that is 1 mole = 6.02 x10^23 atoms

what about 2 moles = ? atoms

= ( 2moles /1mole) x 6.02 x10^23 atoms = 1.204 x10^24 atoms of nickel are there in 2 moles of nickel

The total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel is 1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms

HOW TO CALCULATE NUMBER OF ATOMS:

The number of atoms in an element can be calculated by multiplying the number of moles by Avogadro's number. That is;

no. of atoms = no. of moles × 6.02 × 10²³

According to this question, there are 2 moles of nickel (Ni). The number of atoms can be calculated as follows:

no. of atoms = 2 × 6.02 × 10²³

no. of atoms = 12.04 × 10²³

no. of atoms = 1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms

Therefore, the total number of atoms contained in 2.00 moles of nickel is 1.204 × 10²⁴ atoms.

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Do most exothermic reactions have a negative or positive change in gibbs energy

Answers

An exothermic reaction involves heat leaving the system in which the reaction is taking place. This measurement of heat quantity is known as enthalpy, and is one of the measurements required to calculate the Gibbs free energy change.

The equation dG=dH-TdS, where dG is Gibbs free energy change, dH is enthalpy change, T is temperature (kelvin), and dS is entropy change (measurement of system disorder), is used to calculate the Gibbs change.

In an exothermic reaction, heat is lost, as said earlier (dH<0), and the entropy usually increases (dS>0, typically large molecules will break apart into smaller molecules, increasing the disorder). Because temperature can never be negative, we have a general system that looks like this:

dG = negative - negative = more negative

so, an exothermic system typically has a dG<0.

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