The molecules that make up food contain energy. How does the human body get energy from the food molecules?

A- by breaking and reforming chemical bonds in the molecules

B- by combining the molecules together

C- by using them to from ionic bonds

D- by adding energy to the molecules

Answer:

amoeba

Explanation:

it is unicellular organismy

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of Phagocytosis. This process involves a type of white blood cell called a neutrophil, engulfing and subsequently destroying invading microorganisms, forming a critical part of our body's non-specific immunity.

A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of Phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a process in which large particles such as cells or microorganisms are ingested by a cell. For instance, when microorganisms invade the body, a type of white blood cell known as a neutrophil removes these invaders through this process.

The neutrophil surrounds and engulfs the microorganism which is ultimately destroyed by the neutrophil. This process was first observed in starfish in the 1880s by Nobel Prize-winning zoologist Ilya Metchnikoff and he established a connection to white blood cells in humans and other animals. This observation suggested that instead of spreading pathogens as previously believed, white blood cells or phagocytes provide a robust defense mechanism against a wide variety of microbes, hence forming a critical part of innate non-specific immunity.

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Answer:

peptide bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure

Explanation:

The primary structure of a protein is the amino acids sequence of a protein or polypeptide chain, is the linear sequence of the protein . The amino acids are joined by peptide bond or amide bonds, this is the reason of the name polypeptide.

Carboxylic acid and an amino group form the peptide bond by the loss of a water molecule. The peptide bond is a covalent bond. It forms a relatively rigid unit. It´s synthesis is an enzymatically process carried out and controlled by the ribosome.

The characters of the peptide bond have influence on the flexibility and stability of polypeptide  

The primary structure of a protein is formed by the covalent bonds, known as peptide bonds, between amino acid residues.

The primary structure of a protein is formed by the covalent bonds, known as peptide bonds, between amino acid residues. These bonds link the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of the next amino acid in the chain. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids that make up the protein.

Example: If we have a polypeptide chain with the amino acid sequence 'Gly-Ala-Ser-Pro', the primary structure would be 'Gly-Ala-Ser-Pro'.

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Answer:

Bone formation begins when osteoblats secrete the initial semisolid organic form of bone matrix called osteoid. Calcification, or mineralization, then occurs when hydroxyapatite crystals deposit in the bone matrix. These crystals form when calcium and phosphate ions reach critical levels and precipitate out of solution and deposit in and around the collagen fibers. The entire process of bone formation requires a number of substances, including vitamin D (which enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract) and vitamin C (which is required for collagen formation), as well as calcium and phosphorus for calcification.

Bone formation is a process initiated by osteoblasts, which secrete an organic form of bone matrix called osteoid. This structure is then mineralized with the formation and deposit of hydroxyapatite crystals, which require the presence of collagen fibers. The process is aided by vitamins D and C, as well as the essential minerals calcium and phosphorus.

Bone formation begins when osteoblasts secrete the initial semisolid organic form of bone matrix called osteoid. Calcification, or mineralization, then occurs when hydroxyapatite crystals deposit in the bone matrix. These crystals form when calcium and phosphate ions reach critical levels and precipitate out of solution and deposit in and around the collagen fibers.

The entire process of bone formation requires a number of substances, including vitamin D (which enhances calcium absorption from the GI tract) and vitamin C (which is required for collagen formation), as well as calcium and phosphorus for calcification. Once entrapped in the matrix, the osteoblasts become osteocytes, the cells of mature bone.

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Answer:

B) Conversion of 3PG to G3P

Explanation:

Conversion of 3PG (3 phosphoglycerate) or 3 phosphoglyceric acid is a reduction reaction step of the Calvin cycle, it does not take place during light reaction of the photosynthesis. The 3PG is converted into molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) using ATP and NADPH. Generation of NADPH from NADP+, Photolysis or splitting of splitting of water that releases an electron and synthesis of ATP from ADP + Pi occurs during light reactions.  

Answer:Conversion of 3PG to G3P

Explanation:

Answer:

Beakers

Explanation:

The name of the glass container above is a beaker that you use to heat water.

A beaker has measurements that include how much of a substance to put in:

The correct answer is option D. plasma.

Plasma is a liquid component of blood and makes up 55% of the total amount of blood. Plasma is needed for the body to recover from injuries, distribute nutrients, remove waste products, and prevent infections as it travels through the circulatory system.

Plasma is the clear, straw-colored liquid portion of blood that remains after the removal of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and other cellular components. At about 55%, it is the largest single component of human blood and contains water, salts, enzymes, antibodies, and other proteins.

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Answer:

The path of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria is aerobic.

Explanation:

Aerobic respiration is what uses oxygen to extract energy from glucose. It is carried out inside cells, in organelles called mitochondria, through which chemical energy is obtained from the breakdown of organic molecules.

To obtain glucose energy, a process occurs in which the carbon is oxidized and when it reaches the mitochondria it mixes with the water making a chemical compound called glucositisa ( pathway responsible for oxidizing glucose to obtain energy for the cell) in which the oxygen from the air is the oxidant used.

Aerobic respiration is a process consisting of chemical reactions that are grouped into 3 stages, taking into account the place of the cell in which each one develops.

1) Glucolisis: It is carried out in the cytoplasm.

2) Krebs Cycle: It is produced in the mitochondria matrix.

3) Respiratory Chain: Occurs in mitochondrial ridges.  

The primary cell respiration pathway in the mitochondria is the Krebs cycle, which generates ATP, NADH, and FADH2 from the oxidation of acetyl-CoA. These products are then used in the Electron Transport Chain, also in the mitochondria, to create more ATP.

The cell respiration pathway that occurs in the mitochondria is the Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or TCA cycle. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm where glucose is converted into pyruvate. The pyruvate then enters the mitochondria where it is used in the Krebs cycle. This cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA into carbon dioxide and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH2. These electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) are then used in the Electron Transport Chain (also in the mitochondria) to produce more ATP, which is the energy currency of the cell.

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Answer:

mRNA → cDNA

Explanation:

Reverse transcriptase enzyme is generally used by the retrovirus for their genome replication. This enzyme was discovered by Howard tenim.

Reverse transcriptase enzyme generates the complementary DNA from the mRNA template by the process of reverse transcription. The presence of RNase H, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and  DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity enable the enzyme to convert the mRNA into DNA.

Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Answer:

(B) mRNA → cDNA.

Explanation:

Reverse transcriptase can be defined as an enzyme, which makes cDNA (complementary DNA) by using mRNA as a template. These enzymes are also known as RNA dependent DNA synthase as they make DNA by using information present in RNA.

These enzymes are  used by eukaryotes (as telomerase) to replicate chromosome ends or telomeres, by retrotransposon, and by some viruses, such as retroviruses to replicate their genetic material.

Thus, the correct answer is option (B).

Answer: 70 to 105 mg/dL of blood glucose

Explanation:

The healthcare provider is asking the patient of diabetes to check the glucose level daily when the patient has not eaten anything.

The patients is suffering from diabetes mellitus and the normal blood glucose level should be in between 70 to 105 mg/dL  under fasting conditions.

Below and above this level the blood glucose level will be abnormal and leads to diabetes.

Answer:

Jim, probably suffering from Parkinson's disease.

Explanation:

Parkinson's is a progressive disease of the neurological system that primarily affects the brain. This is one of the main and most common nervous disorders of the elderly and is characterized mainly by impairing motor coordination and causing tremors and difficulties to walk and move. There are no ways to prevent Parkinson's, but there are several treatments to reduce the symptoms of the disease.

The plant needs to release oxygen into the atmosphere to produce energy by a process called photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is a group of chemical reactions by which plant cells can produce energy and biomass by absorbing the energy of the sun (solar radiation).

The plant makes photosynthesis by absorbing CO2 and releasing oxygen, and they also need water and sunlight to perform this process.

Oxygen can be considered as a product of photosynthetic reactions that use other organisms as reactant during cellular respiration, while the other photosynthetic product is glucose, which serves as a source of energy.

In conclusion, the plant needs to release oxygen into the atmosphere to produce energy by a process called photosynthesis.

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The process that the plant needs energy to perform is pulling nutrients into the root hairs. Therefore, option D is correct

- Active Transport: Bringing nutrients into root hairs requires energy because it involves active transport, which moves molecules or ions against their concentration gradient.

- ATP: The energy for active transport comes from adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is produced through cellular respiration in plant cells.

- Root Function: Nutrient uptake by roots is crucial for plant growth, development, and overall health, as nutrients are necessary for various metabolic processes and structural components.

- Absorption of Water: While water absorption into root hairs is vital for plant survival, it typically occurs through passive transport processes like osmosis, which do not require additional energy.

- Transpiration: The transpiration of water, or the loss of water vapor from plant surfaces, does not directly require energy from the plant, as it happens passively through evaporation driven by environmental factors such as temperature and humidity.

Answer:

B. diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)

Answer:

Find, collect, label and analyze evidence

Explanation:

The application of science which is used to investigate crime scenes in order to find the correct evidence using different technologies is called forensic science. It plays a very important role in criminal justice and uses various discipline of subjects such as chemistry, physics, biology, computers. etc to find the main suspects in suspense of evidence.

    The forensic scientist arrives at the crime scene to look for the evidence and then collect them and take it to the laboratory for further analysis of the evidence with respect to crime scene. So the primary thing that the forensic scientist  do to reconstruct a crime and find the culprit is to

find, collect, label and analyse the evidence.

Answer:

Find, collect, label and analyze evidence

Explanation:

I hope this helps you:) If correct please mark as brainliest answer :)

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To have a child with attached earlobes (rr), both parents must contribute a recessive allele. The only possible genotypes for the parents that can produce such a combination are one parent with Rr (heterozygous) and the other with rr (homozygous recessive).

If a female is born with attached earlobes, which is a recessive phenotype, we can determine the possible genotypes of her parents. Having free-hanging earlobes is an autosomal dominant trait, while attached earlobes are a recessive trait. Since the female has attached earlobes, her genotype must be rr. Each parent must contribute one recessive allele for the trait to be expressed, so each parent must have at least one r allele.

Based on the choices provided:

Therefore, the correct genotypes for the parents of a female born with attached earlobes are (b) Rr and rr.

Answer:

D) how sunlight intensity affects plant community composition in the zone where a forest transitions into a meadow

Explanation:

Microclimate is the climate only in a small area within a bigger area. Or the climate of a specific section that is different from its surrounding areas.

The example above, is considered a study on microcliimate because the study is limited to only the "zone" where a forest transitions into a meadow and it does not consider the climate of the surroundings of that zone.

The other options are more broad, but the last one is more specific in terms of the location.

The investigation of microclimate relating to how sunlight intensity affects plant community composition in a forest-to-meadow transition zone aligns with the study of microclimates and their impact on local ecosystems.

In the context of microclimate investigations, which are smaller localized climates within larger ones, the most appropriate answer would be D) how sunlight intensity affects plant community composition in the zone where a forest transitions into a meadow. This investigation directly looks at the impact of an abiotic factor, sunlight intensity, on the biotic community composition at a specific location with unique microclimate conditions. It aligns with the concept of biogeography, which studies the geographic distribution of living things in relation to abiotic factors, like temperature and sunlight.

Microclimate studies often examine precise conditions and their effects on the local flora and fauna. In this scenario, the transition zone between forest and meadow creates a unique microclimate where sunlight intensity varies and can significantly affect which plants can thrive, thereby influencing the local ecosystem. Understanding such dynamics can help ecologists grasp the interplay of abiotic and biotic factors, which is crucial when considering the changes in species distribution and interactions due to macro-environment shifts, such as climate change.

Answer:

(D) is composed of widely dispersed populations.

Explanation:

A polytypic species is the one that is composed of various local populations. These local populations differ from each other with respect to one or more genetic traits. Each of the local populations that make a polytypic species exhibit genetic variations among its individuals.

For example, individuals from the local population of human exhibit variations for genetic traits such as skin color, hair color, etc.

Answer:

By axon connections.

Hope you got your answer.

The correct answer is option D. Stomata.

Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves and stems that regulate the flow of gas in and out of the leaves. Therefore, it regulates the whole plant. They adapt to local and global changes on all time scales, from minutes to thousands of years.

The stomata are composed of a special pair of epidermal cells called guard cells. Stomata regulate gas exchange between plants and the environment and control water loss by resizing the pores of the stomata.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight and carbon dioxide to make food, releasing the oxygen we breathe as a by-product. Because this evolutionary innovation is central to plant identity, almost all land plants use the same pores, called stomata, to take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

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it can be further divided into epoch

Answer:

The answer we seek is "epochs."

Explanation:

Hello!

Let's solve this!

The ages are stages in which it is divided chronologically into geology.

These ages are divided into periods.

For their part, periods are divided into epochs.

For example:

Era: Cenozoic

Period: Paleogene

epoch: eocene

Therefore we conclude that the answer we seek is "epochs."

Answer:

4

Explanation:

Meiosis II starts with two haploid parent cells and ends with four haploid daughter cells, maintaining the number of chromosomes in each cell. Homologous pairs of cells are present in meiosis I and separate into chromosomes before meiosis II

Answer:

D) A dihybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for two characters that are being studied, and a monohybrid cross involves organisms that are heterozygous for only one character being studied.

Explanation:

When we do a monohybrid cross, we look at one characteristic at a time. When you do dihybrid cross, you are looking at characteristics.

Monohybrid cross example:

If black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b) what is the probability of black fur in an offspring between two dogs heterozygous for the trait?

Bb x Bb

     B      b

B   BB    Bb

b   Bb    bb

So the probability of black fur is 75%.

Dihybrid example:

If black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b) and short hair (S) is dominant over long hair (s) what is the probability of white fur and long hair in an offspring between two dogs heterozygous for both traits?

BbSs x BbSs

         BS       bS      Bs      bs

BS  BBSS    BbSS  BBSs  BbSs

bS  BbSS    bbSS   BbSs  bbSs

Bs  BBSs    BbSs   BBss   Bbss

bs  BbSs    bbSs   Bbss    bbss

The answer would be 1:16 = 6.25%

Answer: promoting the rapid resynthesis of ATP, by the action of creatine kinase.

Explanation:

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main form of chemical energy, its hydrolysis remaining highly exergonic. The maintenance of cellular homeostasis mechanisms, that adjust the generation processes of ATP, responds to the energy demand.

Creatine phosphate (CrP) was discovered in 1927 in the muscle tissue. Free creatine (Cr) is generated from the breakage of (CrP) during muscle contraction. Since the PCr / CK (Creatine kinase) system has a high rate of ATP generation, it is particularly important in situations of high metabolic demand, such as high-intensity physical exercise, when the ATP utilization rate exceeds its generation capacity by other metabolic pathways.

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by providing a quick source of energy during high-intensity, short-duration activities.

Creatine phosphate functions in the muscle cell by providing a quick source of energy during high-intensity, short-duration activities.

When the muscle requires energy, creatine phosphate transfers its phosphate group to ADP, converting it back into ATP, which can be used by the muscle for contraction.

This process allows the muscle to continue contracting even when the supply of ATP is depleted.

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Answer: Option A

Explanation:

Primary productivity can be defined as the phenomenon in which the plants make food by the help of process photosynthesis and plants itself use the carbohydrates produced by them.

The oxygen that is produced as a by product from the plants is more than it is consumed by the animals.

There is a gain in the organic carbon by the organism as the amount of organic matter increases as we go up.

Hence, the correct answer is option A

In primary production, there's a net gain in organic carbon by organisms, which convert inorganic carbon into organic compounds through photosynthesis. Moreover, the oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs, and oxygen is indeed utilized by plants during cellular respiration.

In primary production, (A) there is a net gain in organic carbon by organisms. This means that organisms, specifically autotrophs or primary producers, convert inorganic carbon from carbon dioxide into organic compounds through the process of photosynthesis. This process is a vital part of the carbon cycle, connecting all living organisms on Earth.

(C) Oxygen utilized by animals is less than the oxygen consumed by autotrophs is also true. Oxygen, which is released by autotrophs during photosynthesis, is utilized by animals and other heterotrophs for respiration. The autotrophs consume more oxygen in the process of photosynthesis than what is used by animals.

(D) Oxygen is utilized by plants is accurate as well. During cellular respiration, plants utilize oxygen to break down glucose and produce ATP (energy). It's important to note that plants use oxygen during cellular respiration but produce more of it during photosynthesis, contributing to an overall increase of oxygen in the atmosphere.

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Answer:

Channel proteins form hydrophilic channels to passively transport substances down the concentration gradient.

Carrier proteins bind to substances to transport them actively against the concentration gradient. They do not form channels.

Explanation:

Channel proteins are the membrane proteins that serve in transport of small polar molecules and/or ions by making a hydrophilic pore across the membrane. These molecules diffusion through the pore and exhibit facilitated diffusion.  

Carrier proteins are the membrane proteins that transport the substances across the membrane by binding to them. They do not form the hydrophilic channels. Carrier proteins serve in the active transport of molecules against the concentration gradient.

Answer:

b. osteons; trabeculae

Explanation:

Compact bone has osteons, whereas spongy bone has trabeculae.

Compact bone is characterized by osteons which provide support and strength, while spongy bone is characterized by trabeculae that help resist stress and reduce weight of the bone.

Compact bone has osteons, whereas spongy bone has trabeculae. Osteons, also known as Haversian systems, are the basic structural unit of the compact bone, tightly packed together enabling them to provide support and strength. On the other hand, trabeculae are thin, vertebral structures that make up spongy bone, named for their sponge-like appearance. Their structure helps the bone to resist stress and reduce weight.

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The skeletons of mammals that existed 150 million years ago are different from the skeletons of mammals that exist today, showing anatomical evidence of evolution. The similar bone structure in the front limbs of humans, bats, birds, and whales suggests a common ancestor and provides homologous structures as evidence of evolution. The variation in the structure of the hemoglobin molecule among different vertebrate species provides molecular evidence of evolution.

The first example provides anatomical evidence of evolution. The difference in skeleton structure between mammals that existed 150 million years ago and mammals today suggests that living organisms have evolved over time.

The second example provides homologous structures as evidence of evolution. The similar bone structure in the front limbs of humans, bats, birds, and whales indicates a common ancestor and evolutionary relationship.

The third example provides molecular evidence of evolution. The variation in the structure of the hemoglobin molecule among different vertebrate species supports the idea of evolution.

Answer:

Cellular respiration takes in food and uses it to create ATP, a chemical which the cell uses for energy. Usually, this process uses oxygen, and is called aerobic respiration. It has four stages known as glycolysis, Link reaction, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.

Answer:

Innate immunity is present at birth.

Explanation:

The immune system is divided into two categories such as innate immunity and adaptive immunity. The innate immunity is present in an individual during birth. It does not depend on prior contact with microorganisms or immunization. It is present at birth and changes throughout the life of the individual. There are different barriers of innate immunity such as skin, mucous, lysozymes (present in the tears). This type of response is rapid and not specific. It has no memory. The cells of innate immunity are the phagocytic cell, dendritic cells.

The true statement regarding innate immunity is that it is present from birth, does not specifically recognize microorganisms via a memory response, and is not solely activated by tissue damage or signals from infected cells.

The statement that innate immunity is present at birth is true. Innate immunity is a form of immune defense that is evolutionarily older and present in the body from the point of birth.

The other statements are false: Innate immunity that does not involve the specific recognition of microorganisms via a memory response. This is a feature of the adaptive immune system, which involves B and T cells. Furthermore, the innate immune system does possess mechanisms for detecting invading microorganisms through pattern recognition receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Lastly, while tissue damage or a signal from an infected cell can activate the innate immune response, it can also be activated by other factors such as the recognition of a foreign substance or pathogen.

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Answer:

a. Approximately half of those with anorexia nervosa go on to develop bulimia nervosa, indicating that the two disorders may not be distinct but may represent phases of the same eating disorder.

The correct statement is option (a), signifying that anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa might represent phases of the same eating disorder, as about half of those with anorexia nervosa develop bulimia nervosa.

The statement about anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa that is true is option (a). Approximately half of those with anorexia nervosa go on to develop bulimia nervosa, indicating that the two disorders may not be distinct but may represent phases of the same eating disorder. This reflects a continuum in eating disorders where a person's condition can evolve from one disorder to another. Unlike bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa typically involves maintaining a body weight that's well below average through starvation and/or excessive exercise, often accompanied by a distorted body image. Meanwhile, bulimia nervosa involves repeated episodes of binge eating followed by purging, which can result in serious health complications like electrolyte imbalances, although individuals with bulimia may maintain a normal weight.

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