The nuclear charge an electron actually experiences is called the ___ nuclear charge (Zeff). This charge is always ___ than the actual nuclear charge since in many-electron systems the electrons ___ each other from the nucleus.

Answer:

So Carbon-14 has eight neutrons and Carbon-12 has six neutrons. Hope it helps!

Answer:

A carbon-12 atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons.

Answer:

Chlorine bleach is strongly basic. We actually make it by dissolving chlorine gas in a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide, which forms sodium hypochlorite and sodium chloride, in the following equilibrium.

Explanation:

Answer: The difference in pressure between methane and an ideal gas is 4 atm

Explanation: Please see the attachments below

Final answer:

The question involves comparing pressure differences between methane and an ideal gas, utilizing the van der Waals equation for methane and the ideal gas law, emphasizing real versus ideal gas behavior.

Explanation:

The question asks for the calculation of the difference in pressure between methane and an ideal gas under the given conditions, considering van der Waals deviations for methane. While the question doesn't directly provide all necessary parameters (like the use of temperature in Kelvin) or the specific method to calculate the pressures (ideal gas law for the ideal gas and van der Waals equation for methane), the comparison aims to show how real gas behavior (represented by methane with specific van der Waals constants) deviates from the ideal gas law predictions due to the interactions between gas molecules and the volume they occupy.

The ideal gas law is given by PV=nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin. For a real gas like methane, the pressure is calculated using the van der Waals equation: [P+a(n/V)²](V-nb)=nRT, where a and b are the van der Waals constants for methane.

Given the complexity and the specificity of the calculations, including transformations of units and potential adjustments for temperatures, this question illustrates the important distinction between ideal and real gases. It emphasizes the practical considerations when predicting the behavior of gases under different conditions, especially for those like methane which have significant applications in various industries.

The new volume of the soccer ball is 9 litres when temperature inside the can was 25°C and pressure remained constant.

Explanation:

Data given:

initial volume of the ball, V1 = 3.6 litres

temperature of the field, initial temperature, T1 = 10°C

temperature in the trash can, final temperature, T2 = 25 °C

pressure =constant throughout

volume of the ball when in trash can, final volume V2 =?

From the data given:

Charles' Law will be applied to know the volume of the ball in the can:

[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

putting the values in the equation after rearranging it:

V2 = [tex]\frac{V1T2}{T1}[/tex]

V2 = [tex]\frac{3.6 X 25}{10}[/tex]

V2 = 9 litres

The volume will be increased to 9 litres when ball will go inside the trash can.

Answer:

Square planar

Explanation:

Ni^2+ is a d8 ion. It could exist in either a square planar or a tetrahedral geometry depending on the identity of the ligand. However, strong field ligands often lead to a square planar geometry owing to a greater crystal field splitting.

From the splitting diagrams of nickel II ion in tetrahedral and square planar geometries, it can easily be seen that a diamagnetic complex only arises from the square planar geometry.

Note that both tetrahedral and square planar geometries involve a coordination number of four.

Answer:

.71atm

Explanation:

Divide 540 by 760

Answer:

.7105263158 atm

Explanation:

540/760 = 27/38 atm = answer above

Divide the given amount by the conversion to get the converted number.

Answer:

Explanation:

combustion

Answer : The required bond energy per mole for breaking all the bonds in methane is, 1656 kJ/mol

Explanation :

The given compound is, [tex]CH_4[/tex].

Methane compound breakdown into 4 C-H bonds.

Given:

[tex]B.E_{C-H}[/tex] = 414 kJ/mol

The expression will be:

[tex]\Delta H_{CH_4}=4\times (B.E_{C-H})[/tex]

[tex]\Delta H_{CH_4}=4\times (414kJ/mol)[/tex]

[tex]\Delta H_{CH_4}=1656kJ/mol[/tex]

Therefore, the required bond energy per mole for breaking all the bonds in methane is, 1656 kJ/mol

Answer:

1.88 L

Explanation:

We can solve this problem by using Boyle's law, which states that:

"For a fixed mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature, the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to its volume"

In formula:

[tex]pV=const.[/tex]

where

p is the gas pressure

V is the gas volume

We can write the formula as

[tex]p_1 V_1=p_2 V_2[/tex]

For the gas in this problem we have:

[tex]p_1=1.21 atm[/tex] is the initial pressure

[tex]V_1=1.04 L[/tex] is the initial volume

[tex]p_2=0.671 atm[/tex] is the final pressure

Therefore, the new volume is

[tex]V_2=\frac{p_1 V_1}{p_2}=\frac{(1.21)(1.04)}{0.671}=1.88 L[/tex]

0.0047 M is the molarity of the NaCl solution.

A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × 10^{23} of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others. The mole is a convenient unit to use because of the great number of atoms, molecules, or others in any substance.

0.450 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 95.0 mL of water

[tex]Molality = \frac{Moles \;solute}{Volume \;of \;solution \;in \;litre}[/tex]

[tex]Molality = \frac{0.450}{95.0 mL}[/tex]

Molality = 0.004736842105 M = 0.0047 M

Hence, 0.0047 M is the molarity of the NaCl solution.

Learn more about moles here:

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To find the molarity of a NaCl solution with 0.450 moles of NaCl in 95.0 mL of water, divide the moles by the liters of solution to get a molarity of 4.74 M.

The question asks to calculate the molarity of a NaCl solution when 0.450 moles of NaCl are dissolved in 95.0 mL (0.0950 L) of water. To calculate the molarity (M), which is defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, we use the formula:

M = moles of solute / liters of solution

Substituting the given values: M = 0.450 moles / 0.0950 L = 4.74 M

This means the molarity of the NaCl solution is 4.74 M.

Answer:

.

Explanation:

Aluminium is a silvery-white, lightweight metal. It is soft and malleable. Aluminium is used in a huge variety of products including cans, foils, kitchen utensils, window frames, beer kegs and aeroplane parts. This is because of its particular properties.

Answer:

The answer to your question is below

Explanation:

I will write the answers assigning numbers to each column

Isotope           Nuclear form         1       2       3        4      5

Boron-10              ¹⁰B                   5      10      5        5      5

Potassium-37      ³⁷K                   19     37      19      18     19

Boron-11                ¹¹B                   5      11       5       6      5

Silver-107            ¹⁰⁷Ag               47     107    47      60    47

Uranium-238     ²³⁸U                 92   238    92    146   92

Oxygen-17            ¹⁷O                  8      17       8        9       8

Silver-108           ¹⁰⁸Ag               47    108    47       61    47

Answer : The partial pressure of both oxygen and nitrogen is, 61.8 atm and 117.8 atm respectively.

Explanation :

First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]O_2[/tex] and [tex]N_2[/tex]

[tex]\text{Moles of }O_2=\frac{\text{Given mass }O_2}{\text{Molar mass }O_2}=\frac{5.00g}{32g/mol}=0.156mol[/tex]

and,

[tex]\text{Moles of }N_2=\frac{\text{Given mass }N_2}{\text{Molar mass }N_2}=\frac{8.31g}{28g/mol}=0.297mol[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the mole fraction of [tex]O_2[/tex] and [tex]N_2[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }O_2=\frac{\text{Moles of }O_2}{\text{Moles of }O_2+\text{Moles of }N_2}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }O_2=\frac{0.156}{0.156+0.297}=0.344[/tex]

and,

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }N_2=\frac{\text{Moles of }N_2}{\text{Moles of }O_2+\text{Moles of }N_2}[/tex]

[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }O_2=\frac{0.297}{0.156+0.297}=0.656[/tex]

Now we have to calculate the partial pressure of both oxygen and nitrogen.

According to the Raoult's law,

[tex]p_i=X_i\times p_T[/tex]

where,

[tex]p_i[/tex] = partial pressure of gas

[tex]p_T[/tex] = total pressure of gas  = 179.6 atm

[tex]X_i[/tex] = mole fraction of gas

[tex]p_{O_2}=X_{O_2}\times p_T[/tex]

[tex]p_{O_2}=0.344\times 179.6atm=61.8atm[/tex]

and,

[tex]p_{N_2}=X_{N_2}\times p_T[/tex]

[tex]p_{N_2}=0.656\times 179.6atm=117.8atm[/tex]

Thus, the partial pressure of both oxygen and nitrogen is, 61.8 atm and 117.8 atm respectively.

Answer:

D) 18

Explanation:

Hello,

In this case, by considering the given rate law:

[tex]r=k[A]^2[B][/tex]

We also take into account that the concentration of A is tripled and the concentration of B is doubled, therefore, we have:

[tex]r=k[3*A]^2[2*B][/tex]

Which results in an increasing factor of:

[tex]3^2*2=9*2=18[/tex]

By considering only the tripling and the doubling, thus, the answer is D) 18.

Regards.

Answer:

The answer to your question is 160 g of Calcium

Explanation:

Data

mass of Calcium = ?

mass of Hydrogen = 8 g

reactant = HCl

Process

1.- Write the balanced chemical reaction

             Ca  + 2HCl   ⇒   CaCl₂  +  H₂

2.- Look for the atomic number of Calcium and hydrogen

Calcium = 40 g

Hydrogen = 1 x 2 = 2 g

3.- Use proportions to calculate the mass of calcium needed.

            40 g of Calcium ---------------- 2 g of hydrogen

               x                      ----------------- 8 g of hydrogen

                         x = (8 x 40) / 2

                         x = 320/2

                         x = 160 g of Calcium

Final answer:

Approximately 158.72 grams of calcium are needed to free 8 grams of hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid, based on the balanced chemical equation for the reaction and the molar masses of calcium and hydrogen gas.

Explanation:

To determine how many grams of calcium are required to free 8 grams of hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid (HCl), we must first write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between calcium and hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas and calcium chloride: Ca(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CaCl₂(aq) + H₂(g)
From the equation, we see that one mole of calcium reacts with two moles of hydrochloric acid to produce one mole of hydrogen gas. The atomic mass of calcium (Ca) is approximately 40.08 grams per mole, and the molecular mass of hydrogen gas (H₂) is approximately 2.02 grams per mole.

We have been asked to free 8 grams of hydrogen gas. As there are 2.02 grams per mole for hydrogen gas, this corresponds to:

8 grams H₂ ÷ 2.02 grams/mol H₂
= 3.96 moles H₂

Since the molar ratio of calcium to hydrogen gas in the reaction is 1:1, the moles of calcium required is also 3.96 moles. Thus, the mass of calcium required is:

3.96 moles Ca × 40.08 grams/mol Ca
= 158.717 grams Ca
Therefore, approximately 158.72 grams of calcium are required to free 8 grams of hydrogen gas from hydrochloric acid.

Answer:

it has 3 valence electrons

Explanation:

2+2+1 is 5, boron is 5 and its in the 3rd group

Answer:

C) They have 12-20 carbon atoms and an even number of carbon atoms.

Explanation:

Fatty acid is described as Carboxylic acid that contains the structural component of lipids

fats and oils. Fatty acids are unbranched and usually have 12-20 carbon atoms evenly. They are known by their number of carbon-to-carbon double bonds present.

For saturated fatty acids, they don't have any carbon-to-carbon double bonds. Fatty acid can be classified based on the number of carbon-to-carbon, such as; monounsaturated fatty acids which have one carbon-to-carbon double bond and also polyunsaturated fatty acids which have contain more than carbon-to-carbon double bonds

Some natural fatty acid

1.)Lauric acid (C11H23COOH)

2.)Palmitic acid (C15H31COOH)

3.)Myristic acid (C13H27COOH)

4.) Linoleic acid (C17H31COOH)

5.) Arachidonic acid(C19H31COOH)

Answer:

20468J / mol

Explanation:

The dissolution in water of NaNO₃(s) is:

NaNO₃(s) →  Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)

Now, the equation of a calorimeter is:

Q = -C × ΔT

Where Q is heat, C is heat capacity (1071 J/°C) and ΔT is change in temperature (21.56°C - 25.00°C = -3.44°C)

Replacing:

Q = -1071 J/°C × -3.44°C

Q = 3684.24 J is change in enthalpy per 15.3g of sodium nitrate.

Moles of sodium nitrate are:

15.3g × (1mol / 85g) = 0.18 moles

Thus, enthalpy change per mole of sodium nitrate is:

3684.24J / 0.18mol = 20468J / mol

Answer:

ΔH = 20468 J/mol = 20.5 kJ/mol

Explanation:

Step 1 : Data given

Mass of sodium nitrate NaNO3 = 15.3 grams

The temperature fell from 25.00 °Celsius to 21.56 °Celsius

The heat capacity of the solution and the calorimeter is 1071 J/°C

Step 2: Calculate Q

Q = Cp * ΔT

⇒with Q = the heat transfer = TO BE DETERMINED

⇒with Cp = The heat capacity of the solution and the calorimeter is 1071 J/°C

⇒with ΔT = the change of temperature = 25.00 - 21.56 = 3.44 °C

Q= 1071 J/°C * 3.44 °C

Q = 3684.24 J

Step 3: Calculate moles NaNO3

Moles NaNO3 = mass / molar mass NaNO3

Moles NaNO3 = 15.3 grams / 84.99 g/mol

Moles NaNO3 = 0.180 moles

Step 4: Calculate the enthalpy change when 1 mol of sodium nitrate dissolves in water.

ΔH = Q / moles

ΔH = 3684.24 J/ 0.180 moles

ΔH = 20468 J/mol = 20.5 kJ/mol

Since the temperature decreases, this is an endothermic process.

For an endothermic process, the enthalpy change is positive.

A chemical system in equilibrium has its reactants and products present in constant concentrations, as the forward and reverse reactions occur at equal rates in a closed system.

In a chemical system at equilibrium, the following is true:

Thus, the correct statement about a chemical system in equilibrium is that the amount of reactant changes but over time remains about the same, indicating that the reaction is dynamic with continuous forward and reverse processes.

Answer: 0.029 mol

Explanation:

According to avogadro's law, 1 mole of every substance occupies 22.4 L at STP and contains avogadro's number [tex]6.023\times 10^{23}[/tex] of particles.

The balanced chemical equation is:

[tex]C_{12}H_{22}O_{11}+12O_2\rightarrow 12CO_2+11H_2O[/tex]

To calculate the moles, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text {Molar Mass}}=\frac{10.0g}{342g/mol}}=0.029moles[/tex]

Thus there are 0.029 moles of sucrose

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Answer:

0.425

Explanation:

Answer:

0.452

Explanation:

Answer:

Keq for the new temperature is 26.8

Explanation:

Let's propose the equilibrium:

2IF₅ +  I₄F₂  ⇄  3I₂  +  6F₂

Now we propose the situations:

                2IF₅     +      I₄F₂    ⇄    3I₂   +     6F₂

Initial      6 mol           8 mol           -              -

Initially we added 6 mol and 8 mol of our reactants  

React.        x                 x/2           3/2x         3x

By stoichiometry x amount has reacted, so a half of x react to the I₄F₂ and we finally produced 3/2x and 3x in the product side

Eq.          (6 - x)        (8 - x/2)        3/2x          3x

Notice we have the concentration left for the I₄F₂, so we can find the x value, the amount that has reacted:

8 - x/2 = 6

x = 4, so the concentrations in the equilibrium are:

2 moles of IF₅, 6 moles I₄F₂, 6 moles of I₂ and 12 moles of F₂

As we need molar concentration to determine Keq, we must divide the moles by the volume of the container:

2/10 = [IF₅] → 0.2 M

6/10 = [I₄F₂] → 0.6 M

6/10 = [I₂] → 0.6 M

12/10 = [F₂] → 1.2 M

Let's make, expression for Keq:

Keq = ([I₂]³ . [F₂]⁶) / [IF₅]² . [I₄F₂]

Keq = 0.6³ . 1.2⁶ / 0.2² . 0.6 → 26.8

Answer:

Varying frequency between both waves accounts for difference in speed.

Explanation:

The speed of a wave is dependent on four major factors:

Assuming equal temperature and medium of travel of these sound waves, and given that the wavelength (that is distance of travel) is equal, the only varying factor would be their frequency.

Wave speed is calculated by multiplying the wavelength times the frequency

⇒ Speed = λ * f

Answer:

Faster one has a lower frequency and higher wavelength.

Explanation:

The waves have properties such as frequency and wavelength. If the distance they travel is the same but one wave is faster than the other one, the faster wave must have a lower frequency and higher wavelength as it can be seen in this graph from Encyclopedia Britannica.

I hope this answer helps.

Answer:

'L' is the variable for this number.

Answer:

Acid: [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺

Base: H₂O

Conjugate base: [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁻

Explanation:

(a) For the reaction:

[Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺  + H₂O  ⇄  H₃O⁺ + [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁻

The acid: [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺

The base: H₂O

The conjugate base: [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁻    

According to the Bronsted-Lowry acid-base theory, the reaction of an acid and base occurs by the exchange of a proton. The acid forms its conjugate base, and the base forms its conjugate acid in the reaction.

Hence, by the above definition, the [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ is the acid that forms its conjugate base [Al(H₂O)₅(OH)]²⁻ and the H₂O is the base that forms its acid conjugate H₃O⁺ when they react and the  [Al(H₂O)₆]³⁺ lose a proton to the H₂O.  

I hope it helps you!

Answer:

0.083 moles KCl

Explanation:

We have 252 mL of 0.33 M KCl. "M" is molarity, and it's measured in mol/L. Since we know the molarity is 0.33 mol/L, in order to find how many moles 252 mL is, we need to multiply our given volume by the molarity.

However, our given volume is in mL, so let's convert to L first by dividing 252 by 1000 (because there are 1000 mL in 1 L):

252/1000 = 0.252 L

Now, we can multiply 0.252 L by 0.33 mol/L to get moles since the L units will cancel out:

0.252 L * 0.33 mol/L = 0.08316

We have two significant figures here, so round 0.08316 to 0.083.

The answer is 0.083 moles.

Hope this helps!

Answer: The pH of given solution is 3.74.

Explanation:

The given data is as follows.

 Mass of lactic acid = 8.52 g,    Formula weight of lactic acid = 90.08 g/mol

So, number of moles of lactic acid will be calculated as follows.

   No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]

                        = [tex]\frac{8.52 g}{90.08 g/mol}[/tex]

                        = 0.094 moles

   Mass of sodium lactate = 7.93 g,    Formula weight of sodium lactate = 112.06 g/mol

Hence, number of moles of sodium lactate is as follows.

    No. of moles = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}}[/tex]

                        = [tex]\frac{7.93 g}{112.06 g/mol}[/tex]

                         = 0.071 moles

As we know that relation between [tex]K_{a}[/tex] and [tex]pK_{a}[/tex] is as follows.

    [tex]pK_{a} = -log K_{a}[/tex]

                 = -log(0.000137)

                 = 3.86

Using Henderson equation, we will calculate the pH as follows.

      pH = [tex]pK_{a} + log (\frac{\text{Conjugate base}}{\text{Acid}})[/tex]

      pH = [tex]3.86 + log (\frac{\text{sodium lactate}}{\text{lactic acid}})[/tex]

           = [tex]3.86 + log (\frac{0.071}{0.094})[/tex]

            = 3.86 + log (0.755)

            = 3.86 - 0.121

           = 3.74

Therefore, we can conclude that pH of given solution is 3.74.

A geographically distant species is a green gopher snake that dwells in the grass and a brown rat snake that dwells in the desert.

These species don't have any viable progeny.

https://brainly.com/question/16643188?referrer=searchResults

The green and brown rat snakes demonstrate camouflage, a biological adaptation for survival. Camouflage helps them blend into their respective environments, thus evading predators. Anyone considering a snake as a pet must provide an appropriate diet, remembering the potential ecological impact snakes can have when introduced into non-native environments.

A green rat snake that lives in the grass and a brown rat snake that lives in the desert is an example of camouflage, which is a form of adaptation where an organism has evolved to blend in with its environment to increase its chances of survival and reproduction. This can be a result of natural selection, where those that can avoid being seen by predators are more likely to survive and pass on their genes. The brown rat snake in the desert is camouflaged against the sandy environment, while the green rat snake blends with the greenery in the grasslands.

Knowing that snakes are carnivorous and some species such as the rat snake are beneficial to humans for controlling pest populations, it's important for anyone considering a snake as a pet to be prepared to feed it a diet consisting of appropriate live or raw prey. It is also noteworthy that in some instances, snakes like the brown tree snake have caused ecological issues when introduced to new environments without natural predators, such as on the island of Guam.

Answer:

77.248 L

Explanation:

From the question,

Work done on the gas mixture is given as,

W = PΔV.................. Equation 1

Where W = work done, P = pressure of the the gas, ΔV = Change in volume of the gas.

make ΔV the subject of the equation

ΔV = W/P..................... Equation 2

Given: W = 28.2 J, P = 0.37 atm = (0.37×101325) N/m² = 37490.25 N/m²

Substitute into equation 2

ΔV = 28.2/37490.25

ΔV = 0.000752 m³

ΔV = 0.752 L

But,

ΔV = V₂-V₁................. Equation 3

Where V₂ = Final volume of the helium gas, V₁ = Initial volume of the helium gas

make V₁ the subject of the equation

V₁ = V₂-ΔV................ Equation 4

Given: V₂ = 78 L.

Substitute into equation 4

V₁ = 78-0.752

V₁ = 77.248 L

Answer:

The initial volume of the helium gas balloon was 1.78 L

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Volume of the balloon is expanded to 78.0 L

The pressure is held constant at 0.37 atm

If the work done on the gas mixture was 28.2 J

Step 2: Calculate the initial volume

W = pΔV

⇒W = the work done on the gas = 28.2 J

⇒p = the pressure = 0.37 atm

⇒ΔV = the change in volume = V2 - V1 = 78.0 L - V1

W = 0.37 * ( 78.0 - V1)

28.2 J = 0.37 * ( 78.0 - V1)

28.2 J = 28.86 - 0.37V1

-0.66 = -0.37V1

V1 = 1.78 L

The initial volume of the helium gas balloon was 1.78 L