Answer:
D. motivate improved performance as employees work more intensely to avoid failure
Explanation:
Budgets in an organization is the strategies to which company uses to achieve its goal. It also helps to reorganized their strategies and plans towards the goal and optimizes the resources available.
It is to coordinate the strategies and plans to implement a plan.
It is the initial plan that the company intends to achieve in a period accounting to both financing and operating decisions.
Organization tries to develop challenging budgets to motivate the employees to improve their performance to avoid failure. It is the end product of negotiation as the management wants more output while the subordinates want easy targets to complete.
Thus it is used as a motivation to improve performance.
Therefore the answer is ---
D. motivate improved performance as employees work more intensely to avoid failure
Lisa put five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________.
Answer:
encoding failure
Explanation:
The codification is linked to the ability to remember, it is a concept introduced by Gestalt psychology. Since Lisa didn't pay attention in the first instance, she had an encoding failure.
The coding is what makes it possible to convert the perceived items into constructs that can be stored and subsequently evoked.
When we see others engage in behavior, we tend to overemphasize internal characteristics in explaining why they behaved in the way they did. In contrast, when we engage in behavior, we emphasize situational characteristics to explain why we behaved how we did. This is known as what:__________
Answer:
fundamental attribution error
Explanation:
The fundamental attribution error is known as the tendency to explain the behavior of others based on stable personality dispositions and to underestimate the importance of the situation. Not only does it provide a distorted image of the human being, but it leads to a wrong diagnosis of the motivations of the behavior.
Answer:
The Fundemental Attribution Error.
Explanation:
A P E X
Do you agree or disagree with this statement: "It is in the best interest of our economy for Congress and the President to run a balanced budget each year."
Yes, I agree with the statement of "It is in the best interest of our economy for Congress and the President to run a balanced budget each year".
Explanation:It sounds like a balanced budget can be helpful in coping up with fluctuations in government financial accounts or the difference in surpluses and deficits. But the situation of a balanced budget is completely against the economics terms as it could worsen the severity of economic fluctuations.
This can work for a short period of time but for a long period of time it can disrupt the economy as the fiscal policy need to be flexible to enough to match up the expense with incomes. A balanced budget could be rigid for the economy. But the rise of interest on domestic debt gives an alarm for drastic fall in economy. Therefore it is better to go by the balaced budget each year.
You enroll in a freshman Introduction to Sociology course at your college, and the classes are held in a large auditorium with stadium seating that holds over a hundred students, with a single instructor behind a lectern. This illustrates which characteristic of a bureaucracy?
Answer:
Impersonality
Explanation:
Impersonality or Impersonal bureaucracy refers to the treatment of all equally without any difference or discrimination. In this case, the students are all provided with similar seating arrangement and similar level of instruction is provided. Therefore, it illustrates the impersonality characteristic of bureaucracy which treats everyone equally without any differences.
A research study was done and the researcher knew which participants were in the experimental group, and which were in the control group. The participants did not know what group they were in. In psychological research, this study is_______.
Answer:
This is a blinded experiment.
Explanation:
In this type of study, none of the participants know about the variables that might affect the results, until the end. This is usually done to avoid a placebo effect. It is considered to be an important tool in several scientific areas, especially in medicine and psychology.
There is a type of study where not even the researchers know about the dependent variables. This is called a double-blind study.
George uses the DSM, and believes that it provides a very accurate means of diagnosing mental health disorders in his clients. In other words, George has faith in the ________ of the DSM.
Answer:
Validity
Explanation:
Validity is basically about to measure what it expects to measure or what it claims to measure. To know whether the test is valid or not applied the test on the population accurately and interpreted it. The psychological research and clinical research both are very important for treatment. Many diagnostic tools are very important to measure the criteria of the symptoms in a disorder. Thus validity is very important for it.
There are several types of validity:
Construct validity Criterion validity Concurrent validity External validity internal validityThe __________________ feature on Twitter is a great way to surface trending content, because it lets you save multiple searches using relevant keywords, hashtags, applicable sentiment.
Answer:
Advanced search.
Explanation:
The advanced search on Twitter lets you save multiple searches, whether you wan't to search and save for people, trending news, a particular word, etc. It's a good way to surface the social media.
The 'saved searches' feature on T-witter allows users to save keyword, hashtag, and sentiment-based searches to easily revisit trending topics or discussions. It is an effective tool for tracking trends and comprehensive exploration.
Explanation:The saved searches feature on T-witter is a great way to surface trending content. This particular feature facilitates the ability to save multiple searches using relevant keywords, hashtags, and even sentiment, providing you a quick and efficient tool to keep track of trends and discussions in your area of interest.
For instance, if you're exploring trends about 'environmental awareness', you can save searches for '#GreenNewDeal', '#ClimateChange', 'Sustainable living' and so forth. The sentiments like 'positive' or 'negative' can be used to filter the kind of tweets you want to see in your search.
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You teach supervision seminars for ABC Company. As you lecture, you are communicating using words, gestures, and facial expressions. You are actively engaged in which step of the communication process?
a. decoding.
b. feedback.
c. encoding.
d. receiving.
Answer:
The answer is c. encoding.
Explanation:
Enconding refers to transforming thoughts into a message, which must be sent through a medium (in th example, words, gestures and facial expressions).
It is the audience who then must decode the messages. In other words, they must interpret the meaning by associating all the different inputs. The ideas are finally transformed into thoughts --the same process, only backwards.
Lynda and Jake are in high school and have been good friends for a couple of years, taking the same classes and "hanging out with the same group of friends." However, they have never dated since neither feels any "passion" for the other. They also know that their friendship may weaken next year since they will be attending colleges that are far apart, although they will try to keep in contact through the Internet. According to Robert Sternberg, which type of love do Lynda and Jake possess?
The correct answer would be, Liking.
According to Robert Sternberg, The type of love that Lynda and Jake possess is Liking.
Explanation:
Robert Sternberg is a renowned psychologist. He presented his Triangular theory of love in 1985.
According to Robert Sternberg's theory of love triangle, there could be one of the three things in a relationship between couples. The love triangle consists of the following edges:
Romantic LoveCompassionate LoveLikingSo what between Lynda and Jake, according to Robert Sternberg theory of love, is Liking. They both are not passionate for each other, they are not committed either. So they have only liking between them.
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People often report an annoying memory failure when they walk from one end of the house to the other for something and then forgetting what they went to retrieve when they reach their destination. As soon as they return to the first room, they are reminded of what they wanted in the first place. What does this common experience best illustrate the principle of?
a. the self-reference effect.
b. levels of processing theory.
c. encoding specificity.
d. maintenance rehearsal.
Encoding specificity is the common experience and the best illustrate.
Option C
Explanation:This principle recognizes that the ability to recall can be made easier by matching the context or the occurrences when the memory was formed. Using the stored memory requires memory retrieval techniques that depend on encoding patterns.
These patterns vary since the same retrieval techniques may not be used to recall similar information or occurrences. Encoding cues that are employed in the case of someone forgetting something in the room include recreating the scene by going back to where one started and maybe hold/touch the same item as before.
AThe textbook suggests that people with PTSD have a more sensitive emotion-processing limbic system than other people do. Based on this information, the function of the _____ may be different among people with PTSD than among other people.
Answer:
The correct answer is: amygdala
Explanation:
The amygdala is part of the subcortical brain structures of the lymbic system, which function is to decode the emotional value of sensory information. Hippocampus, amygdala and the medial prefrontal cortex play an important role in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) since they are implicated in stress response. Traumatic stress is associated with changes in this brain areas. For instance, it has been observed that the amygdala function increases in patients with PTSD.
The foot-in-the-door phenomenon refers to the tendency to
A. neglect critical thinking because of a strong desire for social harmony within a group.
B. comply with a large request if one has previously complied with a small request.
C. experience an increasing attraction to novel stimuli as they become more familiar.
D. perform simple tasks more effectively in the presence of others.
Answer:
The answer is B.
Explanation:
This technique, abbreviated as FITD, states that people tend to agree to a large request if they've already complied to a smaller one. This occurs because the person might feel obliged to continue agreeing with any future requests, in an attempt to be consistent to their previous agreements.
The name of the phenomenon is an analogy to a salesperson who keeps their foot on the door, so the customer feels obliged to listen. Interestingly enough, this technique is much used in marketing.
Sophie Black works as a computer programmer for a software company. Her boss, Mike Jones, is responsible for developing a new software game for the Wii. After completion of the project, Mike gives all of the team members a free copy of the game without consent from the company. Sophie is a little hesitant and unsure about accepting the game because legally it would be considered ________.
Answer: Pirated Software
Explanation:
Here, in this particular case Sophie is hesitant because the software would be considered as Pirated. Software piracy is referred to as the illegally copying and further production of the software which do not tend to belong to the individual in such a way or manner which contravene the copyright infringement law.
Which is not considered a strategy for commiting information to one's long-term memory? Group of answer choices a) Link the information to other information you already have stored. b) Mentally group similar individual items into buckets. c) Try to recall information amongst distractions. d) Break information down into manageable chunks.
"Try to recall information among distractions" is not taken a strategy for "committing information" to "one's long-term memory".
Option: C
Explanation:
Humans store information in two parts one is short-term memory called as temporary store and long-term memory which is known as relatively permanent store. To fetch out information from one's long term memory being in distracted situation can never result good but distributing information into manageable small chits, linking information with stored ideas, categorizing information etc such things can be approximately productive to conclude the need of information.
The strategy that is not considered a strategy for committing information to long-term memory is to try to recall information amongst distractions. Linking information to other information, mentally grouping similar items, and breaking information into manageable chunks are effective strategies for committing information to long-term memory.
Explanation:The strategy that is not considered a strategy for committing information to long-term memory is c) Try to recall information amongst distractions.
Recalling information amongst distractions actually hinders the process of encoding and consolidating information into long-term memory. Distractions can interfere with attention and focus, which are crucial for effective encoding and consolidation.
On the other hand, the other strategies mentioned, such as linking the information to other information already stored, mentally grouping similar items into buckets, and breaking information down into manageable chunks, are all effective strategies for committing information to long-term memory.
Mrs. Nguyen agrees with the following statement: As I get older, things are better than I thought they d be. Mrs. Nguyen s self-perception __________.
a) is an example of a stereotype threat
b) may help her live a longer life
c) suggests that she is in denial
d) is consistent with the prevailing Western stereotype of late adulthood
Answer: a) is an example of stereotype threat
Explanation:
A stereotype threat is when people might conform to stereotypes about their social groups (in this case, the social group of "older people").
Conforming to this stereotype can be risky, because it might cause certain social groups to "underperform", to perform less than their actual potential. It's good that Mrs. Nguyen has formed her own opinion about getting older and she hasn't submitted to the general perception of about "getting older".
The eruption of ________ has been called the greatest eruption in historic times, killing about 10,000 people outright by pyroclastic flows and another 117,000 indirectly through famine and disease.
Answer:
The correct answer is: Mount Tambora in 1815
Explanation:
Mount Tambora is an Indonesian volcanic mountain located in Sumbawa island, Indonesia, which explosion in April, 1815 is considered the largest and most destructive volcanic eruption recorded in history, which combined blast, pyroclastic flows and subsequent tsunamis killed at least 10,000 islanders directly. Famine and disease followed since crops couldn't grow, killing at least 100,000 people.
In class, a psychology professor states that learned helplessness causes people to make attributions that are internally focused, global in nature, and stable. A student who demonstrates critical thinking would raise his or her hand and remind the professor that __________.
Answer: correlation does not equal causation
Explanation:
The individuals with critical comprehension would most probably remind the professor of the fact that correlation does not equal causation. In discipline such as statistics, the correlation does not entail causation is referred to as the ineptitude to accurately evaluate the cause and effect connection in between the two respective variables exclusively based on an correlation in between these variables.
Dominique is a recently divorced woman in her 30s who experienced some intimate partner violence during her previous marriage. According to research, what might Dominique's experiences with future intimate relationships be like after experiencing intimate partner violence?
A. Research does not show it impacting future relationships so we cannot predict what will happen.
B. After experiencing abuse, her odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are lower.
C. It is highly likely she will experience the same type of abuse again in her next relationship.
D. After experiencing abuse, her odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are higher.
Research does not show it impacting future relationships so we cannot predict what will happen.
Answer: Option A
Explanation:
Abuse in a relationship will result in emotional abuse. It can be verbal assault, control over partner, isolation, degradation, and dominance. It affects the person emotionally, psychologically and physically. It will completely affect the well-being of a person. As time goes by the severity of the abuse can also increase.
The effect of emotional abuse can be reduced with time and the help of matured experts who is strong with the social support network. If not the fear of chances of being victimized again increases while thinking about the relationships in the future. In the case of Dominique, we cannot predict the future of her.
Dominique's odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are generally lower after experiencing intimate partner violence, due to the lasting psychological effects and potential barriers to forming healthy relationships.
Explanation:According to research, after experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV), Dominique's odds of establishing a long-term stable relationship are generally lower. This outcome is due in part to the complex and lasting impacts that abuse can have on an individual's mental health and their ability to trust future partners. Experiences such as IPV can lead to an increased risk of substance abuse, and mental health issues like depression or anxiety, and may affect future relationship patterns.
Furthermore, empirical evidence suggests that IPV often takes a long-term psychological toll on victims, affecting their sense of self-worth and creating potential barriers to forming healthy, solid relationships. It is also important to note that while there is a chance of a repeat of the same type of abuse in future relationships, it's not a foregone conclusion; survivors of IPV can seek therapy and support that might enable better outcomes in future intimate relationships.
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Jordan believes that a parent should emphasize friendship and affection over discipline with children, and that children should have very few demands placed on them. Diana Baumrind would characterize Jordan’s parenting style as ____.
a. permissive-neglectful
b. permissive-indulgent
c. authoritative
d. authoritarian
Answer:
B. permissive indulgent
During meetings, Renata has a tendency to go through the motions of working on the tasks at hand. However, she actually allows all of the other members do the work, though she’s more than happy to take an equal share of the credit for the completed work. Renata appears to be a(n) ______ in terms of the types of problem members in a meeting.
Answer:
Social loafing
Explanation:
Social loafing -
It is the method , in which the people tries not to exert any effort for a specific work or task .
This type of situation arises mostly when people are working in a group and have a specified task , can lead to the issue of social loafing .
Same situation is seen in the case of Renata , who appears to be a social loafing .
According to the facial feedback hypothesis, when Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that ________.
Answer:
His positive feelings will increase
Explanation:
Facial feedback hypothesis: The term facial feedback hypothesis is defined as an individual's facial movement influences his or her emotional experience. William James in the 1840s has proposed the idea related to the facial feedback hypothesis.
Example: A person who is forced to meet a person whom he or she doesn't like will starts liking that person.
In the question above, the statement signifies the facial feedback hypothesis.
The facial feedback hypothesis suggests that our facial expressions can influence our emotions. So, if Noah is instructed to smile and look happy, he is likely to start feeling happier.
Explanation:According to the
facial feedback hypothesis
, when Noah complies with instructions to smile and look happy, it is most likely that he will begin to feel happier. This hypothesis suggests that the expressions on our face can influence our emotions. For example, forcing a smile can actually lead to feeling happier. This theory is a prominent concept in psychology which links our physical behavior with our emotional state.
To test this
, psychologists have conducted experiments in which participants are asked to adopt certain facial expressions and then report their feelings. Consistently, these studies have shown that the posed expressions do lead to the corresponding emotional experiences.
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Derek is a third-grade teacher who believes that he should accept his students regardless of their behavioral shortcomings. Derek's attitude toward his students is an example of Carl Rogers' concept of
Answer:
unconditional positive regard
Explanation:
Unconditional positive regard -
The concept is given by the psychologist Carl Rogers ,
According to this concept , the people need to be accepted , cared and supported even if the other person neglect to do the same , is the unconditional positive regard .
i.e. , to be really positive and caring towards other rather than how they treat you .
Hence , Derek attitude is the same with the children , and therefore showing the unconditional positive regard .
Zach accepted a position at a low-wage, part-time job. It wasn't what he wanted to do for the rest of his life, but he knew that he would achieve his ideal job at some point in his life. What aspect of emerging adulthood is Zach experiencing?
The correct answer would be, Multiple possibilities.
He knew that he would achieve his ideal job at some point in his life. Zach is experiencing Multiple possibilities.
Explanation:
Emerging Adulthood is a phase in a person's life which starts at the end of the adolescence and lasts till early adulthood. In this emerging adulthood, there are many transitions a person goes through.
People usually finish their studies and join some career. In this phase of life, people must have to take many life lasting impacted decisions.
So when Zach joined a position at a low wage, he knew that he would be able to achieve his ideal job, and this is what he does not want to do for the rest of his life. This is actually experiencing the multiple possibilities. Zach has joined the position for the time being, and he knows that he would have Multiple possibilities in the future what he can grab.
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Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.
Answer:
This is an example of diffusion of responsability
Explanation:
The psychological phenomenon of difussion of responsability occurs when, in the presence of a situation that requires immediate action, we wait for someone else to act instead. This inaction is caused by the assumption than someone else has already helped or will help.
The answer is the bystander effect.
Explanation:The concept being described in the given scenario is the bystander effect. The bystander effect refers to the tendency of individuals to be less likely to offer help or intervene in an emergency situation when there are other people present. It occurs because people assume that someone else will take action, leading to a diffusion of responsibility.
____ is the regulatory process of establishing standards that will achieve organizational goals, comparing actual performance to those standards, and then, if necessary, taking corrective action to restore performance to those standards.
Answer: Control
Explanation:
Control is technique in organization and management field that is used for detection of errors and then corrective measures are taken so that desired goals of an organization can be achieved.
Control introduces standards for functioning of organization and checks that all processes work according to that standard.Comparison between actual performance and standard performance is also measured using control
3. Bare lymphocyte syndrome does NOT: A. produce a phenotype like SCID. B. result from a defect in the TAP transporter. C. lead to a lack of MHC class II. D. result in a deficiency of cytotoxic T cells. E. increase susceptibility to viral infections.
Answer: Option (C)
Explanation:
Bare lymphocyte syndrome is referred to as the condition which is known to be caused by the mutations in particular genes of M.H.C i.e. abbreviated as major histocompatibility complex or thus participating with presentation and processing of the Major Histocompatibility Complex molecules. It is known as form of the uncompromising combined immunodeficiency.
A therapist helps Rebecca overcome her fear of water by getting her to swim in the family’s backyard pool threetimes a day for two consecutive weeks. The therapist’s approach to helping Rebecca best illustrates:_________.a. stress inoculation training.b. aversive conditioning.c. exposure therapy.d. EMDR.
Answer:
The answer is: c. exposure therapy.
Exposure therapy, as its name suggests, is a technique used to threat anxiety disorders. By creating a situation where a patient is directly exposed to anxiety source, it is expected that the patient will gradually overcome anxiety.
In this case, the therapist makes Rebecca swim in a pool so as to reduce her fear of water.
Schachter and Singer conducted two experiments in which two groups of participants were injected with epinephrine. One group was told of the arousal effects of the drug before the experiment began and the other group of participants was not told of the arousal effects of the drug. Later, participants observed a confederate displaying euphoric behavior in the first experiment and angry behavior in the second experiment. The results of both experiments supported Schachter and Singer’s theory of emotion in which ________.
Answer:
Emotions are the interpretation of the interaction physiological arousal and the cognitive label, we apply to explain the arousal.
Explanation:
The two-factor theory was proposed by Schachter and Singer. In this theory, there are two key factors physical arousal and cognitive label. In this theory when a person feels the experience of emotions, it includes the physiological arose with the cognitive level of emotions.
In this theory, the physical arousal plays first role. The theorist suggests that physical arousal was the same for several of the emotions. Thus physical arousal was alone responsible for emotion.
For instance, when I saw a strange person at night coming towards me my heart will be pounding fastly and I started trembling along with. Both the physical arousal and heart-pounding occur together due to my emotions fear and I get frightened.
Dr. Hines is interested in studying how indoor lighting can influence people's moods during the winter. A sample of 100 households is selected. Fifty of the homes are randomly assigned to the bright-light condition where Dr. Hones replaces all the lights with 100-watt bulbs. In the other 50 houses, all the lights are changed to 60-watt bulbs. After two months, Dr. Hines measures the level of depression for the people living in the houses. In this example, the level of depression is the ____ variable
Answer:
Dependent variable
Explanation:
Variable is used in experimental studies. Variable could be anything such as age, gender, material, chemical, gene, intelligence, motivation, etc.
There are many types of variables
Independent variableDependent variable: The dependent variable is those variables that could not manipulate in the experiment. These variables show the manipulation of the independent variable. These variables become stable.
Discrete variable Orgasmic varying;e Extraneous variableThus here in the above statement, depression is a dependent variable that could not be manipulated by the experimenter.
Neologisms and disorganized speech (where words and word combinations sound communicative, but the listener is left with little or no understanding of the point the speaker is trying to make) are a part of what clinicians call:
Answer:
Word salad
Explanation:
Word salad describes a situation in which a person tries to communicate but the words seem to be random and unrelated so what comes out is an incoherent phrase, neologisms and disorganized speech. People with dementia schizophrenia are more likely to show this symptom. Most of the times the person is not aware that he or she is not making sense.