The scientific principle which is the basis for balancing chemical equations is

Answer: Saturated fatty acids have more hydrogen than unsaturated fatty acids.

Explanation:

Saturated fat is defined as the fat in which the fatty acid chains contain only single bonds between carbon and carbon atoms. For Example: Cream, cheese etc..

Unsaturated fat is defined as the fat or fatty acid in which one or more double bonds are present between carbon and carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain. For Example: Oleic acid, Myristoleic acid etc..

When double bond emerges in a compound, it leads to the reduction of hydrogen atoms.

Thus, saturated fatty acids have more hydrogen than unsaturated fatty acids.

Saturated fatty acids have more hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fatty acids because of their molecular structure. They only have single bonds which allows each carbon atom to bond with as many hydrogen atoms as possible.

Compared with its corresponding unsaturated fatty acid, a saturated fatty acid has more hydrogen. The difference lies in their molecular structure. Saturated fatty acids have single bonds only, which means each carbon atom in the chain is bonded to as many hydrogen atoms as possible. In contrast, unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double or triple bonds, which reduces the number of hydrogen atoms they can bond with.

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Answer:

N, Ne, F, B, Li

Explanation:

Valence electrons are the electrons that are found in the outermost shell in a neutral atom. These five elements are the only one whose valence electrons fall on the same shell. The second shell. Their electronic configurations are as follows:

N: 2,5

Ne:2,8

F:2,7

B:2,5

Li: 2,3

The elements in each of these sets: Nitrogen (N), Arsenic (As), Bismuth (Bi) and Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Arsenic (As) belong to the same group hence their valence electrons are in the same shell. Elements Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Fluorine (F) and Lithium (Li), Nitrogen (N), Fluorine (F) don't belong to the same period, therefore, their valence electrons are not in the same shell.

Looking at the given elements, we can determine which groups have their valence electrons in the same shell by referring to the periodic table. Elements on the same period (row) have their valence electrons in the same shell. Here, the elements are:

Nitrogen (N), Arsenic (As), Bismuth (Bi) belong to group 15 (VA), and hence have valence electrons in the same shell.

Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Fluorine (F) do not belong to the same period and hence their valence electrons are not in the same shell.

Boron (B), Silicon (Si), Arsenic (As) belong to group 13 (IIIA), hence, their valence electrons are present in the same shell.

Lithium (Li), Nitrogen (N), Fluorine (F) do not belong to the same period and hence their valence electrons are not in the same shell.

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Answer:

H₂S; CO₂; SiH₄

Explanation:

London dispersion forces are larger in molecules that are large and have more atoms or electrons.

A. H₂O or H₂S

H₂S. S is below O in the Periodic Table, so it is the larger atom. Its electrons are more polarizable.

B. CO₂ or CO

CO₂. CO₂ has more atoms. It is also linear, so the molecules can get close to each other and maximize the attractive forces.

C. CH₄ or SiH₄

CH₄. Si is below C in the Periodic Table, so it is the larger atom. Its electrons are more polarizable.

Differences are stronger in bigger and heavier atoms than in lighter and smaller ones. Its number of electrons inside a larger atom is, in general, farther away from the nuclei than in a small atom.

Therefore, the answer is "[tex]\bold{H_2S\ , CO_2\ or \ SiH_4}[/tex]"

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Answer:

527.68 mL

Explanation:

We will assume that nitrogen is behaving as ideal gas here.

For ideal gas the gas law is:

[tex]\frac{P_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}=\frac{P_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}[/tex]

Where

P1= initial pressure = 740 torr

V1= initial volume = 500mL

T1= initial temperature = 25⁰C = 298 K

P2= final pressure = 760 torr

V2= final volume = ?

T2= final temperature = 50⁰C = 323 K

Putting values in the gas law

Final volume = [tex]\frac{740X500X323}{298X760}= 527.68 mL[/tex]

Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

In liquid state, particles do have kinetic energy that helps in partially overcoming the intermolecular forces between the molecules. But still the particles are close together and they are able to slide past each other.

So, when we apply pressure on a liquid then its molecules partially gets compressed.

On the other hand, molecules of a solid are held together by strong intermolecular forces of attraction. Hence, they have definite shape and volume. As a result, solids do not get compressed.

In gases and plasma state of matter, molecules are gar away from each other. So, they are able to get completely compressed when a pressure is applied.

Thus, we can conclude that liquid is the state of matter which consists of particles that can be partially compressed.

Answer:

liquid

Explanation:

Answer:

Which species of beetles are most closely related.

Explanation:

Molecular clocks are often used to determine where species diverge. This helps scientists determine the different mutations that had occurred to cause the separation of species. It can help find common ancestors within different species, so it can also determine how closely related species are.

Answer:

Which species of beetles are most closely related.

Explanation:

Answer: The percent yield of the given reaction is 82 %.

Explanation:

The chemical equation for the reaction of zinc and hydrochloric acid follows:

[tex]Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2[/tex]

To calculate the percent yield of the reaction, we use the equation:

[tex]\%\text{ yield}=\frac{\text{Experimental yield}}{\text{Theoretical yield}}\times 100[/tex]

Experimental yield of hydrogen gas = 164 g

Theoretical yield of hydrogen gas = 200 g

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]\%\text{ yield of hydrogen gas}=\frac{164g}{200g}\times 100\\\\\% \text{yield of hydrogen gas}=82\%[/tex]

Hence, the percent yield of the reaction is 82 %.

when aqueous solution of [tex]CH_{3} NH_{3}Cl[/tex] is taken it dissociates and gives hydronium ion so it is acidic in nature. It is example of hydrolysis reaction

Hydrolysis reaction is a reaction in which bond is broken down with the help of water. Lysis term stands for breaking of anything.

Example: Hydrolysis of ester produces alcohol and acid. Hydrolysis of ester is done both in acid and basic condition.

Any acidic solution that contains acidic acid when put in water produces hydronium ion or we can say that any species that produces hydronium ion in water is acidic in nature.

In our case when [tex]CH_{3} NH_{3}Cl[/tex] is put in water it easily gives hydronium ion in water this shows that it is acidic in nature. and the reaction can be shown as:

[tex]CH_{3} NH_{3}Cl +H_{2}O\rightarrow CH_{3}NH_{2}Cl^{-} +H_{3}O^{+}[/tex]

Thus[tex]CH_{3} NH_{3}Cl[/tex] is acidic in nature and is a hydrolysis reaction.

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An aqueous solution of CH3NH3Cl is acidic due to the hydrolysis reaction that occurs when the compound is dissolved in water, producing CH3NH3+ ions that increase the concentration of H+ ions in the solution.

Aqueous solutions of CH3NH3Cl are acidic due to the hydrolysis reaction that occurs when the compound is dissolved in water. The hydrolysis reaction of CH3NH3Cl can be represented by the chemical equation:

CH3NH3Cl + H2O → CH3NH3+ + Cl- + H2O

In this reaction, CH3NH3Cl dissociates into CH3NH3+ and Cl- ions. The CH3NH3+ acts as a weak acid, releasing H+ ions into the solution, resulting in an overall acidic pH.

The equilibrium concentration of N2O4 in the given reaction can be calculated by setting up an expression for the equilibrium constant in terms of the change in concentration and then solving for the unknown.

This question involves examining a chemical equilibrium problem for the reversible reaction: N2O4(g) ⇄ 2 NO2(g), with the given equilibrium constant, Kc = 5.8 × 10-3. The initial concentration of N2O4 is given as 0.040 M, while the initial concentration of NO2 is given as 0 M. To solve this, we will let 'x' be the amount of N2O4 that decomposes into NO2 at equilibrium. Therefore, the equilibrium concentration of N2O4 would be given as N2O4 = 0.040 - x, and for NO2 it would be 2x (because the stoichiometry of the reaction shows that for each mole of N2O4 decomposed, 2 moles of NO2 are produced).

Now we can set up an expression for the equilibrium constant such that: Kc = [NO2]^2 / [N2O4] = (2x)^2 / (0.040 - x). By substituting 5.8 x 10^-3 for the equilibrium constant and solving for x, we will be able to find the equilibrium concentration of N2O4, which will be 0.040 - x.

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Answer:

The answer is A.

Hope this helps!

Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the correct option is option A that is isotopes.

Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.

Isotope refers to each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei, and hence differ in atomic mass but not in chemical properties. Isotopes of hydrogen are Protium, Deuterium and Tritium with atomic number 1 and mass number1,2 and  respectively.

Therefore, the correct option is option A that is isotopes.

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An organism gets carbon by using carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to make sugar molecules. This organism is a producer.

An organism that can make its own nourishment by the use of light, water, carbon dioxide, or other substances is an autotroph. Autotrophs are also referred to as producers because they make their own nourishment.

Producers are living things with the ability to grow their own nourishment. They frequently contain green vegetation. They use the process of photosynthesis to capture solar energy and use it to produce food. Since they are unable to create food on their own, all other creatures rely on producers for nourishment.

Green plants, phytoplankton, and cyanobacteria all have cells that can synthesize oxygen. Photosynthetic cells are highly diverse. Cells create sugar molecules and oxygen during the process of photosynthesis by using carbon dioxide and energy from the sun.

Thus, An organism gets carbon by using carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to make sugar molecules. This organism is a producer.

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Answer:

addition of a neutron

Explanation:

Nuclear fission is a radioactive decay process in which a heavy nucleus spontaneously disintegrates into lighter ones accompanied by the release of energy.

An atom whose neutron/proton ratio is the same as that of the stability ratio of that atom is said to be stable. When such an atom is bombarded with a neutron particle, the stability ratio is offset. What results is a radioactive decay of such a nucleus. This form of decay is a nuclear fission.

A series of chain reaction is produced though this until the stability ratio is reached.

Answer:

Explanation:

First, you need to find the empirical formula of the compound (histamine).

To find the empirical formula convert all the data given in mass units (miligrams) into mole numbers.

You do that by using the formula: number of moles = mass in grams / atomic mass.

To find the mass in grams divide the mass in miligrams by 1,000.

Build a table:

Element    mass (g)   atomic mass (g/mol)    number of moles (mol)

C                0.208           12.011                        0.0173

H                0.031            1.008                        0.0307

N                0.146           14.007                       0.0104

Now, find the ratio C:H:N, for which you divide every number of moles by the smallest number of moles: 0.0104:

You must find a multiple that yields 1.665 to a reasonably close integer.

Muliply every amount by 3:

Hence, the empirical formula is C₅H₉N₃.

Now, find the mass of the empirical formula:

Since the mass of the empirical formula is the same of the molecular formula, both formulae are the same.

Therefore, the answer is: C₅H₉N₃ ← molecular formula

Answer:

it will be C5H9N3

Explanation:

because 1st find %age composition then no. of grams then atomic rati and multiple by 3 in thi case and then get the answer

Answer:

C₄H₈O₂.

Explanation:

n = mass/atomic mass,

mol C = mass/(atomic mass) = (54.5 g)/(12.0 g/mol) = 4.54 mol.

mol H = mass/(atomic mass) = (9.3 g)/(1.0 g/mol) = 9.3 mol.

mol O = mass/(atomic mass) = (36.2 g)/(16.0 g/mol) = 2.26 mol.

∴ C: H: O = (4.54 mol/2.26 mol) : (9.3 mol/2.26 mol) : (2.26 mol/2.26 mol) = 2: 4: 1.

∴ Empirical formula mass of (C₂H₄O) = 2(atomic mass of C) + 4(atomic mass of H) + 1(atomic mass of O) = 2(12.0 g/mol) + 4(1.0 g/mol) + (16.0 g/mol) = 44.0 g/mol.

∴ Number of times empirical mass goes into molecular mass = (88.0 g/mol)/(44.0 g/mol) = 2.0 times.

∴ The molecular formula is, 2(C₂H₄O), that is; (C₄H₈O₂)

To be able to compare the result with other experiments it has to be reported in moles.

number of moles = mass / molecular weight

number of moles of Mg(H₂PO₄)₂ = 600 / 218 = 2.75 moles

Answer: 2.75 moles of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate

Explanation:   We have been given 600 gm of Mg(H2PO4)2 .

The molecular mass of Mg(H2PO4)2 is 218 gm.

As it is given that the answer should be in moles so that it can become comparable with other experiments, thus number of moles can be calculated by dividing the given mass by molecular mass of the given salt.

number of moles (n) = given mass(m) / molecular mass of the salt (M)

n= 600 gm  / 218 gm = 2.75

Thus 2.75 moles of magnesium dihydrogen phosphate(Mg(H2PO4)2) will be recorded.

Answer:

An increase in the distance between the objects causes a greater change in the gravitational force than the same increase in mass.

F= G^m1m2/r^2

G is universal constant m₁ and m₂ are the masses and r is the distance between them

the gravitational force is directly proportional to the product of masses and indirectly proportional to the square of the distance between them.

Focus on the top part if you do not understand. That is the correct answer

Answer:

An increase in the distance between the objects causes a greater change in the gravitational force than the same increase in mass.

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Volatile organic compounds are the  organic chemicals that get easily vaporized in air.

The secondary chemicals or the secondary pollutants are the photochemical substances that are formed in the presence of sunlight.

The amount of gases and small particles present in the atmosphere, responsible for influencing ecosystem and the wellness of human beings is known as the Air Quality

Air pollution refers to the high concentrations of gases or small particles that are present in the atmosphere, which can cause harm to the humans and other living organisms and structures established by humans.

Aerosols are the tiny particles present in liquid or solid state, that are suspended in air.

Answer:

  c.  0 °C

Explanation:

Standard temperature is 273.15 K, or 0 °C, or 32 °F, as defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in 1982.

Answer:

Standard temperature is exactly (C) 0ºC

Explanation:

STP means standard temperature pressure at which

T = 0℃ or 273K and Pressure = 1 atm

NTP means Normal temperature pressure which means room temperature and  pressure at which

T = 20℃ or 293 K and Pressure = 1 atm

SATP means standard Ambient temperature pressure at which

T = 25℃ or 298K and P = 1atm

In tropical countries, the climate will be warm and hence room temperature usually  considered as

T = 25℃ or 298K and P = 1 atm  

Lab temperature is same as that of room temperature.

Answer: 0.14 Liters

Explanation:

[tex]Q=I\times t[/tex]

where Q= quantity of electricity in coloumbs

I = current in amperes = 1.45 A

t= time in seconds = 13 min=[tex]13\times 60 =780s[/tex]

[tex]Q=1.45A\times 780s=1131C[/tex]

[tex]HNO_3\rightarrow H^++NO_3^-[/tex]

[tex]2H^++2e^-\rightarrow H_2[/tex]

[tex]96500\times 2=193000Coloumb[/tex] of electricity deposits  1 mole of [tex]H_2[/tex]

1131 C of electricity deposits =[tex]\frac{1}{193000}\times 1131=5.86\times 10^{-3}moles[/tex] of [tex]H_2[/tex]

According to the ideal gas equation:'

[tex]PV=nRT[/tex]

P = Pressure of the gas = 1.03 atm

V= Volume of the gas = ?

T= Temperature of the gas = 25°C = 298 K       (0°C = 273 K)

R= Gas constant = 0.0821 atmL/K mol

n=  moles of gas= [tex]5.86\times 10^{-3}moles[/tex]

[tex]V=\frac{nRT}{P}=\frac{5.86\times 10^{-3}\times 0.0821\times 298}{1.03}=0.14L[/tex]

Thus the volume of hydrogen gas at [tex]25^0C[/tex] and 1.03 atm will be 0.14 Liters.

To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas produced at the cathode, Faraday's laws of electrolysis and the Ideal Gas Law are applied. The charge passed through the circuit is determined by the product of current and time, and the volume of H2 is calculated using the number of moles of hydrogen, pressure, and temperature.

Explanation:

Calculation of Hydrogen Gas Volume

To calculate the volume of hydrogen gas (H2) produced at the cathode during electrolysis, we use Faraday's laws of electrolysis which state that the amount of substance altered at an electrode during electrolysis is proportional to the amount of electricity that passes through the circuit. Here, we need to know the charge passed through the circuit, which can be calculated by multiplying the current (I) by the time (t), where I = 1.45 A and t = 13.00 min (converted to seconds).

The reaction at the cathode for the electrolysis of aqueous HNO3 will produce hydrogen gas according to the reaction:

2H2O(l) + 2e- → H2(g) + 2OH-

This means that 2 moles of electrons are required to produce 1 mole of H2. By using the Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol e-), we can calculate the moles of hydrogen produced:

Moles of electrons (n) = It/F, where F is the Faraday constant.

Finally, we can find the volume of H2 gas using the Ideal Gas Law, PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of hydrogen, R is the Ideal Gas Constant (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K) and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

With the given temperature (25.0°C) and pressure (1.03 atm), we convert the temperature to Kelvin, then rearrange the Ideal Gas Law to solve for V. Remember to use the number of moles of H2, not the number of moles of electrons.

The final concentration after 172 seconds is 1.15 M. To obtain this answer, use the the integrated rate law for the order of reaction. Based on the problem, this is a second order reaction. The units of the rate constant also support that it is a second order reaction.

Further Explanation:

The solution to this problem is straightforward.

STEP 1: Since the reaction is a second order reaction, the integrated rate law will be:

[tex]\frac{1}{C_{f}} = \ kt \ + \frac{1}{C_{i}}[/tex]

where:

C(f) is the final concentration

k is the rate constant

t is the time

C(i) is the initial concentration

STEP 2: Plugging in the values given in the problem into the equation, the following equation should be obtained:

[tex]\frac{1}{C_{f}} \ = (1.30  \ x \ 10^{-3} \frac{ \ 1 }{ \ M-s})(172 \ s) \ + \ \frac{1}{1.54 \ M} \\[/tex]

STEP 3: Using algebra to solve for C(f):

[tex]\frac{1}{C_{f}} = \ 0.87295\\ \\C_{f} = \ 1.14554 \ M[/tex]

Since the given values only have 3 significant figures, the final answer must be expressed with 3 significant figures as well.

Therefore,

[tex]\boxed {C_{f}\ =  \ 1.15 \ M}[/tex]

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Keywords: rate law, second order, integrated rate law

Final answer:

The average rate of decomposition of N2O5 over each time interval was calculated using changes in concentration over time, resulting in rates of 0.00123 M/s, 0.00105 M/s, and 0.00085 M/s for the respective intervals of 0-195 s, 195-556 s, and 556-825 s.

Explanation:

The average rate of a reaction is calculated by the change in concentration of a reactant or a product over a certain time period. For the decomposition of N2O5, the average rate over each time interval can be found using the formula: rate = -(Δ[N2O5])/(Δt), where Δ represents the change in concentration or time.

For the interval from 0 s to 195 s, the average rate is:
rate = - (1.86 M - 2.10 M) / (195 s - 0 s) = - (-0.24 M) / 195 s = 0.00123 M/s

For the interval from 195 s to 556 s, the average rate is:
rate = - (1.48 M - 1.86 M) / (556 s - 195 s) = - (-0.38 M) / 361 s = 0.00105 M/s

For the interval from 556 s to 825 s, the average rate is:
rate = - (1.25 M - 1.48 M) / (825 s - 556 s) = - (-0.23 M) / 269 s = 0.00085 M/s

Answer:

8 proton and 9 neutron.

Explanation:

there are 17 total of protons and neutron

Taking into account the constitution of an atom and the definition of atomic number, the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17 is +8.

All atoms are made up of subatomic particles: protons and neutrons, which are part of their nucleus, and electrons, which revolve around them. Protons are positively charged, neutrons are neutrally charged, and electrons are negatively charged (electrons).

In other words, the atomic nucleus is the central part of the atom that is made up of protons and neutrons, while the orbitals or peripheral region is an area where electrons are found.

The neutron is an electrically neutral subatomic particle, while the proton has a positive electrical charge. Electrons have a negative charge, move around the nucleus at different energy levels and are attracted to protons, positive in the atom through electromagnetic force.

Each chemical element is characterized by the number of protons in its nucleus, which is called the atomic number Z.

The periodic table is an arrangement in which chemical elements are arranged by increasing atomic number.

In the periodic table you can see that oxygen has an atomic number of 8. This indicates that in the nucleus of this atom there are 8 protons. Like neutrons, another particle found in the nucleus, has a neutral charge, and protons have a positive charge, the oxygen nucleus has a charge of +8.

In summary, the charge of the nucleus in an atom of oxygen-17 is +8.

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Answer:

C. Sr (NO3)2 •2 H2O

Explanation:

A 30.7 g sample of Strontium nitrate, Sr(NO3)2⋅nH2O, is heated to a contstent mass of 22.9.

Therefore, the calculated hydration number is Sr (NO3)2 •2 H2O.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

Answer:

B,D,A,C,E

Explanation:

The first five steps of glycolysis are explained below:

Step -1 :The food we eat contains glucose which is converted to glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of enzyme hexokinase/ glucokinase. One ATP molecule is consumed in this step.

Step-2: Glucose-6- phosphate is converted to fructose-6- phosphate by the action of enzyme Phosphoglucose isomerase.

Step-3: Fructose-6- phosphate is converted to fructose-1,6-biphosphate in the presence of enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1) . One more ATP molecule is consumed in this step.

Step-4: Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate in the presence of fructose-bisphosphate aldolase is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GADP) and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)

Step-5: Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) in the presence of triosephosphate isomerase (TPI)  is converted to D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (GADP).

Hence, the order it follows is:

B. hexokinase / glucokinase

D. Phosphoglucoisomerase

A. Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

C. fructose bisphosphate aldolase

E. triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)

The trend is : B,D,A,C,E

The correct sequence of enzymes for the first five steps of glycolysis is: hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase-1, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, and triose phosphate isomerase. This corresponds to answer choice B, D, A, C, E.

In the first step of glycolysis, hexokinase/glucokinase (B) phosphorylates glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate. This molecule is then converted into fructose-6-phosphate by the enzyme phosphoglucoisomerase (D). The enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 (A) then phosphorylates fructose-6-phosphate to create fructose-1,6-bisphosphate. Fructose bisphosphate aldolase (C) breaks down fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into two three-carbon molecules: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Lastly, triose phosphate isomerase (E) converts dihydroxyacetone phosphate into a second glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecule.

So the correct order of the enzymes for the first five steps of glycolysis is: hexokinase/glucokinase, phosphoglucoisomerase, phosphofructokinase-1, fructose bisphosphate aldolase, and triose phosphate isomerase. This corresponds to the answer choice B, D, A, C, E.

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Answer: The temperature of the unknown sample is 64.65 °C

Explanation:

To calculate the temperature of the unknown sample, we use the following equation:

[tex]T=\frac{(V-V_1)}{(V_2-V_1)}\times (T_2-T_1)+T_1[/tex]

where,

T = temperature of the unknown sample = ?

V = thermistor reading of the unknown sample = 116 mV

[tex]T_1[/tex] = melting point of ice = 0°C

[tex]V_1[/tex] = thermistor reading of ice = -45 mV

[tex]T_1[/tex] = boiling point of water = 100°C

[tex]V_1[/tex] = thermistor reading of water = 204 mV

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]T=\frac{(116-(-45))}{(204-(-45))}\times (100-0)+0\\\\T=64.65^oC[/tex]

Hence, the temperature of the unknown sample is 64.65 °C

The temperature of the unknown sample in C° is approximately 45.00°C.

To find the temperature of the unknown sample, we first need to establish a relationship between the voltage read by the thermistor and the temperature in degrees Celsius. We have two calibration points: ice water and boiling water, which correspond to 0°C and 100°C, respectively.

Let's denote the voltage read by the thermistor as \( V \) and the temperature as \( T \). We can then set up two equations based on the calibration points:

1. For ice water (0°C), the thermistor reads -45 mV:

[tex]\[ V_{ice} = -45 \text{ mV} \] \[ T_{ice} = 0°C \][/tex]

2. For boiling water (100°C), the thermistor reads 204 mV:

[tex]\[ V_{boiling} = 204 \text{ mV} \] \[ T_{boiling} = 100°C \][/tex]

We can assume a linear relationship between voltage and temperature for the thermistor, which allows us to use a simple linear interpolation formula:

[tex]\[ T = T_{ice} + \frac{(V - V_{ice}) \times (T_{boiling} - T_{ice})}{V_{boiling} - V_{ice}} \][/tex]

Now, we need to find the temperature \( T \) when the thermistor reads 116 mV for the unknown sample:

[tex]\[ T = 0°C + \frac{(116 \text{ mV} - (-45 \text{ mV})) \times (100°C - 0°C)}{204 \text{ mV} - (-45 \text{ mV})} \] \[ T = 0°C + \frac{(116 \text{ mV} + 45 \text{ mV}) \times 100°C}{204 \text{ mV} + 45 \text{ mV}} \] \[ T = 0°C + \frac{161 \text{ mV} \times 100°C}{249 \text{ mV}} \] \[ T = 0°C + \frac{161}{2.49} \times 100°C \] \[ T = 0°C + 64.6586345 \times 100°C \] \[ T = 64.6586345°C \][/tex]

Rounding to two decimal places, the temperature of the unknown sample is approximately 45.00°C.

Answer:

4.51 kJ of heat is liberated to the surroundings when 1 gram of zinc sulfide is roasted.

Explanation:

From the reaction and its associated enthalpy change, we know that the heat associated with 2 moles of zinc sulfide is -879 kJ.

Data: 1 gram of zinc sulfide

moles of zinc sulfide = mass of zinc sulfide / Molecular weight of zinc sulfide

moles = 1 g/ (97.474 g/mol) = 0.01 mol

The following proportion must be satisfied:

2 moles / 0.01 mol  = -879 kJ / x kJ

x = -879*0.01/2 = -4.395 kJ

The negative sign means that the heat is liberated to the surroundings.

Final answer:

The heat associated with roasting 1 gram of zinc sulfide can be calculated using the given information. For 1 gram of ZnS, the heat would be -4.48 kJ.

Explanation:

The heat associated with roasting 1 gram of zinc sulfide can be calculated using the given information. The equation for the reaction is: 2ZnS(s) + 3O2(g) → 2ZnO(s) + 2SO2(g). The enthalpy change (ΔH) for this reaction is -879 kJ. We need to find the heat associated with roasting 1 gram of zinc sulfide, so we can use the molar mass of ZnS to convert the mass from grams to moles. The molar mass of ZnS is approximately 97.45 g/mol. Therefore, 1 gram of ZnS is equal to 0.0103 moles of ZnS. To calculate the heat, we can use the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation. For every 2 moles of ZnS, we have an enthalpy change of -879 kJ. Therefore, for 0.0103 moles of ZnS, the heat associated with roasting would be (0.0103/2) x -879 kJ = -4.48 kJ.

Answer:

reduces; facilitating

Explanation:

Carbonic anhydrases is a type of metalloenzyme containing zinc metal which catalyze interconversion between the carbon dioxide gas and water and dissociated ions of the carbonic acid.

The reaction that is catalyzed by enzyme, carbonic anhydrase is:

HCO₃⁻ + H⁺ ⇄ CO₂ + H₂O

The enzyme maintains the acid-base balance in the body and helps in the transportation of carbon dioxide through out the body.

The carbon dioxide formed as a by-product of metabolism which is transported to blood in the form of bicarbonate ions by the action of carbonic anhydrase.

Thus,

By converting CO₂ to H₂CO₃, Carbonic anhydrase reduces the PCO₂ in endothelial cells, red blood cells, and plasma, thereby facilitating diffusion of CO₂ from tissue cells to these locations.

Carbonic anhydrase reduces PCO₂ by converting CO₂ to H₂CO₃, which leads to an increase in the diffusion of CO₂ from tissue to blood.

By converting CO₂ to H₂CO₃ (carbonic acid), carbonic anhydrase lowers the PCO₂ (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) in endothelial cells, red blood cells, and plasma, thereby increasing diffusion of CO₂ from tissue cells to these locations. This enzyme catalyzes the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide, forming bicarbonate ions (HCO₃⁻) and protons (H⁺). The reduction in PCO₂ creates a pressure gradient that favors the diffusion of CO₂ from the tissues, where its concentration is higher, towards the blood where it’s lower due to the action of carbonic anhydrase.

Using Faraday's laws of electrolysis, it takes approximately 344.91 minutes to electroplate 29.6 grams of nickel using a current of 4.7 A.

The student is asking how long it would take to electroplate 29.6 grams of nickel using a current of 4.7 amps. To calculate the time required for electroplating, we'll use Faraday's laws of electrolysis, which relate the chemical amount of substance produced at an electrode to the amount of electricity used.

The half-reaction for nickel plating is [tex]Ni^{+2}[/tex] + 2e-
ightarrow Ni(s) and the molar mass of nickel is approximately 58.69 g/mol. Nickel has a valency of 2, which means it requires 2 moles of electrons (2 Faradays) to deposit one mole of nickel. Based on Faraday's law, the charge (Q) in coulombs required to deposit a substance is Q = n x F, where n is the number of moles and F is Faraday's constant (96485 C/mol).

First, we need to convert the mass of nickel to moles using the molar mass: 29.6 g / 58.69 g/mol
gives approximately 0.504 moles of Ni. Thus, the total charge needed will be 0.504 moles x 2 x 96485 C/mol, which equals 97262.2 C.

Next, we find how long it takes for this charge to pass through the solution using the current (I) given: Time (t) = Q / I, where
t = time in seconds. So, t = 97262.2 C / 4.7 A
gives approximately 20694.51 seconds. Converting that to minutes, we divide by 60, resulting in about 344.91 minutes.

Answer:

Neither accurate nor precise

Explanation:

The values were not near or even the same as the accepted value thus making it neither accurate nor precise.

Answer: neither accurate nor precise​

Explanation:

Accuracy is defined as how close the measured value is to a standard value. For example if the given volume of water is 20 ml and the two measured values are 19 ml and 18 ml then the former measured value is more accurate than the later.  

Precision is defined as how measured values are close to each other. For example, if the length of the wire of 10 m. If the first person measures the length of the same wire thrice and got values 9.7, 9.8 and 9.75 m whereas the second person got values 9.5 , 9.6 and 9.8. In such a case the first person’s measured value is more precise.

Thus as the accepted value is 1.43 and measured values are 1.29 , 1.93 and 0.88 , the experimental data is neither accurate nor precise.

The equilibrium constants for the reactions can be calculated using the standard free energy change and the formula K = e^{(-ΔG°/(RT))}, but specific ΔG° values or tables referenced are needed to complete the calculations.

To calculate the equilibrium constant for the reactions at 25 °C, we use the given thermodynamic data from the tables and apply the relation between the standard free energy change (ΔG°) and the equilibrium constant (K). The relation is given by the equation ΔG° = -RTlnK, where R is the gas constant (8.314 J/mol·K), T is the temperature in Kelvin, and K is the equilibrium constant. For each reaction with a given ΔG° value, we can rearrange the formula to solve for K: K = e^{(-ΔG°/(RT))}.

For the provided exercises:

When the necessary thermodynamic data is provided, each reaction's equilibrium constant can be calculated using the formula K = e^{(-ΔG°/(RT))}, with R = 8.314 J/mol·K, and T = 298.15 K (since 25 °C is equivalent to 298.15 K).