The skeletal system is not static in structure. Bones are constantly being broken down and rebuilt.Complete the statement about bone remodeling. _______________ is/are responsible for breaking down bone during remodeling.

Answer:

The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs.  

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

Lower frequency for both dewlap extension and pushups. In the presence of predators and females an increase in the dewlap frequency and pushups is expected as a result of defense and breeding mechanisms mixed while in the second situation we have just breeding mechanisms involved

Answer:

The correct option is C) Prions

Explanation:

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE)  or Mad Cow Disease  is a disease which occurs due to transmissible particles known as prions. Prions cannot be considered as living organisms as they do not acquire many of the living characteristics. They are just considered as a protein which gest converted into an activated, toxic form  as soon as they encounter a host cell. This toxic protein harms the central nervous system (CNS) of the cow host and is transmissible.

Answer:

The correct answer is C. Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists.

Explanation:

Generalist animals feed on a wide variety of prey or food that they might find anywhere. They can develope under many enviromental conditions  making use of many reasoucers.

Specialist animals search for their special kind of prey or food until they find it, inhabiting only in areas under certain contidions.

Answer:

C. Raccoons are generalists, and salamanders are specialists

Explanation:

Generalist species are able to succed  in in many different environments becasue they can make use of multiple resources, it is, they do NOT depend on a single resource or on a small set of resources for their survival (for example, they are omnivorous).

On the other hand, specialist species can succed only in very specific environmental conditions where they can find the resources they need.

The diet of the raccoons is very wide and consists of invertebrates, plants, vertebrates and even when they are close to humans they feed  human waste. For this reason raccoons are generalists.

salamanders are specialists because they need specific conditions; wetland habitats with insects and worms that are its food source. Under conditions other than these parameters this species will have difficulty surviving.

Answer: The answer is Morphological Species Concept

Explanation:

Species concept includes defining the differences between two or more species, especially similar species.

Morphological Species Concept is also known as Typical Species Concept, it includes defining these differences in species using their morphological attributes such as difference in shapes of their bodies, form, structure, colors, what they look like in the inside.

The Morphological Species Concept takes into account the Anatomical features or structures and not the genetic makeup or DNA of the species.

Morphological Species Concept

The Morphological Species Concept is also known as Typical Species Concept, it includes defining these differences in species using their morphological attributes such as difference in shapes of their bodies, form, structure, colors, what they look like in the inside. It takes into account the Anatomical features or structures and not the genetic makeup or DNA of the species.

Answer: a) mammals may be relatively better at solving problems than birds

Explanation:

The most renowned case of critical thinking creatures are chimpanzees. Science has demonstrated  that apes are competent to take care of issues that require unique thinking. Nowadays, our feathery friends  are being  watched for causal thinking and it is indicated that certain birds are capable of  critical thinking errands.

Answer:

Because these variations have probably never appeared in a healthy human. As tetrapods, we are pretty much stuck with a four-limbed, two-eyed body plan; natural selection can only edit existing variations.

Explanation:

Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype. This key mechanism of evolution causes  changes in the heritable traits characteristic of a population over generations.

This occurs partly because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual organism, and offspring can inherit such mutations (Variation).

Natural selection acts on the phenotype, the characteristics of the organism which actually interact with the environment, but the genetic (heritable) basis of any phenotype that gives that phenotype a reproductive advantage may become more common in a population.

Over time, Natural selection can result in speciation (the emergence of new species). In other words, natural selection is a key process in the evolution of a population.

Therefore, as tetrapods, we are pretty much stuck with a four-limbed, two-eyed body plan; natural selection can only edit existing variations.

Answer:

As brain and heart are vital organ they affected negatively when oxygen is lower as they generally require a lot of energy by oxidizing the glucose available so if oxygen is lower glucose available can't be well utilized thus lower energy and poor performance

In the presence of oxygen, cells produce more ATP through aerobic respiration. When oxygen is absent, cells rely on anaerobic respiration and produce less ATP. This explains why brain and heart functions are quickly affected when a person cannot breathe.

In the presence of oxygen, cells can produce a large amount of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through aerobic respiration. This process occurs in the mitochondria and is much more efficient than anaerobic respiration. On the other hand, when oxygen is absent, cells rely on anaerobic respiration, which produces a significantly smaller amount of ATP.

The brain and heart require a continuous supply of ATP to function properly. When a person cannot breathe, their oxygen levels drop, leading to decreased ATP production. This lack of energy affects these vital organs quickly and can result in dizziness, confusion, and loss of consciousness.

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Answer:

Photosynthesis used carbon dioxide, while cellular respiration produces carbon dioxide.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are different in how they use and produce oxygen and carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen while cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are different in a few key ways. Photosynthesis is a process carried out by green plants, algae, and certain bacteria, in which sunlight is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen as a byproduct. The simple equation for photosynthesis is:

6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2

On the other hand, cellular respiration is a process that occurs in all living cells, including plant cells and animal cells. It involves the conversion of glucose back into carbon dioxide and water, with the release of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell. The basic equation for cellular respiration can be represented as:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

So, in short, photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, while cellular respiration does the opposite - it uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.

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Answer: Cartilage is not formed by intramembranous ossification.

Explanation:

Intramembranous ossification is a type of two essential processes during fetal development in the skeletal system where bone tissue is created. It is a process of bone fractures healing. Unlike Endonchronal ossification where bone is created in fetal development but cartilage is not present in the intramembranous ossification. Cartilage is a smooth and elastic tissue that covers and protect the end of long bones. Cartilage did not for new bones but they serve as a basis for bone formation.

Intramembranous ossification forms mainly flat bones like the skull, mandible, and clavicle. The femur, a long bone, is not formed by this process, but instead, is formed by endochondral ossification.

In the process of bone development, there are two main types of ossification – intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Intramembranous ossification primarily forms the flat bones of the skull, mandible, and clavicle. On the other hand, endochondral ossification is responsible for the development of long bones, such as the femur, humerus, and tibia. In answer to your question, the femur (thigh bone) is a bone that is not formed by intramembranous ossification, it's instead formed by endochondral ossification.

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Answer: They are the members of the genus Spirogyra.

Explanation:

Spirogyra(genus) commonly called water silk or blanket weed is a filamentous green algae(chlorophyte) commonly found in fresh water with a characteristics spiral arrangement of chloroplast and it is from the order of zygnematales . Spirogyra have more than 400 species. It belong to the kingdom plantae. Spirogyra can reproduce both sexually and asexually.

Members of the genus Spirogyra are found in ponds and have spiral chloroplasts. They are part of the charophytes subdivision of green algae and frequently encountered in freshwater environments.

The genus of algae found in ponds with chloroplasts that are arranged in a spiral is Spirogyra. This genus belongs to the charophytes, a subgroup of green algae. Spirogyra is known for its filamentous chains of connected cells and is a common sighting in freshwater ecosystems. Its unique spiral chloroplasts are a distinguishing feature, contributing to its name and making it easily identifiable under the microscope. Members of this genus are mostly found in fresh water, but they can also inhabit brackish water and even snow patches.

Spirogyra is a genus of algae found in ponds that have chloroplasts arranged in a spiral. It is a long filament of colonial cells, and most members of this genus live in fresh water, brackish water, seawater, or even in snow patches. Spirogyra is a type of green algae that exhibits features similar to those of land plants.

Answer: Skeletal Muscles

Explanation:

Skeletal muscle is one of the three muscles that is found in the body. Other two types are cardiac and smooth mucles.

It is formed by the striated tissues that are under the voluntary control of the somatic nervous system.

They are attached to the boned by the bundles of collagen fibers. The muscles consists of actin and myosin whose repeated units are known as sarcomere.

This sarcomere provides this muscle the striated appearance.

The microscope is the optical instrument used for viewing microscopic things. The unknown sample under the microscope is of skeletal muscles.

Skeletal muscles are the muscle type that is voluntary and attaches the bones to the skeleton with the help of the tendons that allow the movement of the body parts.

Skeletal muscle is a type of body muscle along with the cardiac and smooth muscles. It is different as it has striations and is voluntary in actions, unlike the cardiac and smooth muscles.

Therefore, the sample is that of the skeletal muscles.

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Answer:

Tetracycline was discovered in the 1940s and is effective against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Tetracycline is an antibiotic which kills the bacteria by inhibiting the synthesis of protein.  

Tetracycline act by inhibiting the process of translation by preventing the binding of aminoacyl-charged tRNA to the A site of the ribosome.

Since the aminoacyl charged tRNA does not bind the A site therefore the process of translation is inhibited.

Answer:

The correct answer is option a.trouble seeing in sunlight.

Explanation:

This type of symptom is not normal to acquire with age, and it is called Photophobia.

This generates extreme sensitivity to sunlight or bright artificial light, it can even cause pain.

This can usually be caused by other medical conditions that are usually migranine, swelling inside the eye or having dry eyes.

This type of sensitivity is generated by a connection that exists between the part of the eye responsible for detecting light, and a nerve that is connected to the head.

We must clarify that photophobia is not a disease, but a symptom. Therefore, to treat it you have to get to the root problem that is causing this symptom.

The normal, age-related changes in vision include trouble seeing close objects (farsightedness), difficulty seeing in dark or glare-filled environments due to changes in the lens, cornea, and retina. However, trouble seeing in sunlight is not typical and may suggest a specific eye condition. Option a

Out of the provided options, the one that is NOT a normal, age-related change in vision is 'trouble seeing in sunlight.' Changes in vision that are usually associated with aging involve problems seeing close objects (farsightedness or hyperopia) and trouble seeing in dark or glare-filled environments.

Farsightedness or hyperopia results when the eye does not converge rays from a close object sufficiently for them to focus on the retina, causing blurred near-field vision.

This could be due to insufficient power in the lens or the eye being too short. Trouble with vision in dark or glare-filled environments is often attributed to aging—the lens and cornea no longer focusing correctly or the retina thinning over time.

On the other hand, trouble seeing in sunlight is not a typical age-related change. It means the person might be dealing with a specific eye condition that needs medical attention.

Option a

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Answer:

The correct answer is a. the photosynthetic part of a lichen.

Explanation:

Lichen is a symbiotic association in which the algae and fungi are associated with each other. Fungus can not make there own food so they are not photosynthetic like algae or plants and in lichens algae are the photosynthetic part while fungus plays the role of absorbing nutrients for the algal partner.

Lichens are found all over the world and they absorb industrial pollution very quickly so are also referred to as pollution indicators of the environment as they do not grow in a polluted area.  

Therefore the photosynthetic part of lichen is algae, not fungus so the correct answer is a.

Answer:

It is a method of isometric muscle testing.

Explanation:

The manual muscle testing is used to determine the extension and degree of muscular weakness as a consequence of a disease, injury or disuse.

The results obtained from tests and exams provide a data planning base, so that the physician can plan a therapeutic procedure and periodic retesting for the patient.

The manual muscle testing requires no equipment other than the examiner's hands, it is highly portable  and inexpensive, however this type of testing provides muscle strength data at only one point of ROM.

Final answer:

Manual muscle testing is a technique used to evaluate muscle strength and function, essential for diagnosing and managing various neuromuscular conditions. By applying resistance and testing muscle contractions, practitioners can identify weaknesses and guide treatment plans.

Explanation:

Manual muscle testing (MMT) is a diagnostic procedure used by healthcare professionals to assess muscle strength and function. This type of testing evaluates the muscles' ability to contract in response to a force. During an MMT, the examiner applies resistance while the patient attempts to perform a muscle contraction. The strength of the muscle is then graded based on the patient's ability to hold against the resistance.

MMT can help determine the presence and extent of muscle weakness, evaluate the impact of diseases that affect muscle function, and guide treatment and rehabilitation plans. Conditions such as muscular dystrophy, myasthenia gravis, and spinal cord injuries, can disrupt normal muscle function, leading to decreased strength and motor control.

Manual muscle testing, along with other diagnostic tools like electromyography (EMG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), can provide valuable information about muscle health and contribute to formulating effective treatment strategies.

During the physical examination, the practitioner also assesses muscle tone by checking for hypotonicity or flaccidity, which can indicate issues with the lower motor neurons (LMNs) and neuromuscular junctions. Assessing muscle tone and strength is crucial in identifying potential upper motor neuron (UMN) lesions, which could result from conditions like cerebral palsy, multiple sclerosis (MS), or stroke.

These findings are part of a comprehensive neurological and musculoskeletal assessment to determine the appropriate intervention needed to address the patient's condition.

The presence of a MANTLE would allow for the most certain identification of the organism (Option C).

Lobsters, shrimps, crabs and barnacles are crustaceans (phylum Arthropoda), while bivalves are mollusks (phylum Mollusca).

The mantle, also known as pallium, is a soft covering formed from the body wall in brachiopods and mollusks.

In mollusks, the mantle secretes an organic matrix that mineralizes in order to form the shell.

In bivalves, this structure (i.e., the mantle) is composed of two lobes that enclose the animal within the shell.

Arthropods have no mantle, instead, they have exoskeletons that contain and protect their internal organs.

In conclusion, the presence of a MANTLE would allow for the most certain identification of the organism (Option C).

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Answer:

The least likely likely given the limits of fitness trade-offs is the eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs.

Option: (C)

Explanation:

The correct option is C) The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs.

To understand why option C is the least likely given the limits of fitness trade-offs, let's consider the concept of fitness trade-offs in the context of reproductive strategies:

 Fitness trade-offs refer to the idea that an organism's investment in one aspect of reproduction often comes at the expense of another. For example, energy allocated to producing many offspring (a high reproductive rate) may reduce the energy available for parental care or survival, and vice versa.

 A) The female laying 100 eggs breeds more often than the female laying 1000 eggs: This is a plausible trade-off. The female with fewer eggs may compensate for her lower fecundity by breeding more frequently, thus potentially achieving a similar lifetime reproductive output to the female with more eggs.

 B) The female laying 100 eggs lives longer than the female laying 1000 eggs: This is also a plausible trade-off. The female with fewer eggs may have more resources to allocate towards somatic maintenance and survival, leading to a longer lifespan.

 D) The female laying 1000 eggs is larger than the female laying 100 eggs: Larger body size can often accommodate more reproductive tissue, allowing for the production of more eggs. This is consistent with the idea that larger females can produce more offspring, which is a common pattern in many species.

 C) The eggs from the female laying 1000 eggs have larger yolks than the yolks of the eggs from the female laying 100 eggs: This is the least likely scenario because it does not represent a clear trade-off. Larger yolks would typically indicate a greater investment in each offspring, which is associated with a strategy of producing fewer, higher-quality offspring (K-selected species). However, the female laying 1000 eggs is already investing in producing a large number of offspring (r-selected species), which suggests a strategy of producing many, smaller offspring. It would be inconsistent for the same individual to also produce larger yolks, as this would represent a mixed reproductive strategy that is less common due to the high energetic costs involved.

Therefore, option C is the least likely given the limits of fitness trade-offs, as it does not align with the expected patterns of energy allocation in reproductive strategies.

Answer:

He would be unable to produce viable sperms.

Explanation:

FSH and LH are the hormones released by the pituitary gland when puberty starts in girls and boys. It helps in the development of reproductive organs and viable gametes in males and females.  

In males, FSH stimulates the growth of testicles and it also stimulates Sertoli cells which helps in the formation of mature spermatozoa. Therefore FSH stimulation is needed for the production of viable sperms.  

So if a boy who sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary and unable to release FSH then he would unable to produce viable sperms because to produce viable sperms FSH should be present to stimulate Sertoli cells.

A boy who cannot release FSH due to a pituitary injury would still have normal testosterone levels due to normal LH release, but might have impaired sperm production due to the role of FSH in spermatogenesis.

In the scenario where a boy has not passed through puberty and sustains an injury to his anterior pituitary such that Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is no longer released, but Luteinizing hormone (LH) is normal, we would expect that he would have some difficulties with sexual maturity. In males, FSH stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes which are necessary for spermatogenesis, or the production of sperm. Without FSH, this boy may have normal levels of testosterone due to the intact release of LH, but his sperm production would likely be affected because of the absence of FSH.

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Answer:

Subjective Distress i think, if not i apologize

Explanation:

The correct answer would be, Subjective Distress.

Maria has not left her house for the last two years. Subjective Distress would be the most appropriate in deciding whether Maria's case represents an example of abnormality.

Explanation:

Subjective Distress is an extreme mental condition in Psychology. Distress means extreme pain, feeling of suffering, sorrow, agony, torment, etc. It is called as the Subjective Distress because it is associated with an individual which is the subject in this disorder.

In this disorder, the person feels extreme discomfort, pain and anxiety.

So when Maria has a fear of having anxiety attacks in public, she prefers to stay at her house rather than going in the public. Because this is the pain and feeling of discomfort experienced by the person only, this is called as Subjective Distress.

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Answer:

The correct option is C)  investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude.

Explanation:

The survival of the certain species of pine trees only at elevations shows that there will definitely be a biotic or abiotic factor that enhances the growth of the pines at that place. It might be due to abiotic factors like the temperature or soil at high altitude or due to some biotic factor like a mutualistic relationship with organisms at high altitudes. Hence, option C is the correct option.

An ecologist should study the various biotic and abiotic factors at high elevations to understand why a certain pine tree species only grows above 2800 meters. This includes investigating temperature, wind, precipitation, soil chemistry, and the organism's interactions within its ecosystem.

To understand why a certain species of pine tree grows only at elevations above 2800 meters in the western United States, an ecologist should investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude. These factors might include temperature, wind, and precipitation, and could also extend to soil chemistry, availability of oxygen, and the specific interactions between these trees and other organisms in their ecosystem. Studying the tree's anatomy and physiology would provide information on how it survives under the physical conditions found at high elevations. Additionally, comparing conditions at multiple locations over a year could offer insights as well. However, since latitude does not change rapidly along a mountain's elevation gradient, it is not likely influencing the local distribution of biomes in this scenario.

An ecologist should investigate the various biotic and abiotic factors that are unique to high altitude locations to understand why a certain species of pine tree grows only in scattered locations at elevations above 2800 meters in the western United States. By studying the unique factors present in high altitude environments, such as temperature, wind, and precipitation, the ecologist can determine the specific conditions that allow the pine tree to survive in these areas.

Answer: What is expected to happen is that the secondary immune system acts immediately against the virus.

Explanation:

When a virus first enters our body, in order to defend itself, the body must first recognize what the antigen is in order to fight it through antibodies. Once it does it will keep a memory of it that it can use if this virus enters the body again. This will be done through the secondary immune system.

As the body already recognizes the antigen, it knows how to fight it immediately, generating a thousand times the amount of antibodies generated the first time.

Thanks to its memory cells, the virus will remain much less time in the body.

Reason for giving medication together

1.)They reduce development of drug resistance since a pathogen or tumor is less likely to have resistance to multiple drugs simultaneously

2.) It has a lower treatment failure rate

Dangerous drug interactions include;

1.)Statins (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors) are widely prescribed, and widely recognized to carry a high risk for drug/drug interactions

2.)Coadministration of clarithromycin with vasodilating calcium-channel blockers, such as amlodipine and felodipine, can cause hypotension and acute renal failure.

Answer:

The other person is correct but i will answer the first one as i am doing it right now.

Explanation:

Note this is for any people in the future because I just realized this was posted in 2019..... anyway best of luck on yalls tests.

They should have "planned" to enter the harbor during high tide, evening. They should want to leave the harbor during low tide. They are better off going at one of the tides because of the water flow /or current.

Pls don't just copy and paste this... they might get you for plagiarizing.

Answer:

The correct option is D. potentially interacting populations of different kinds of organisms.

Explanation:

In biology, a community can be described as the different populations of organisms that live in a certain habitat at a certain period of time.

For example, consider a habitat where there are a different type of trees, different types of plants, different types of animals, different types of decomposers. All these populations of different organisms will make a community. All the organisms in a community interact with one another in some way or another.

Answer:

In order for the sodium motive force to provide useful energy for the cell the organism must contain sodium ion gradient or potential across the membrane.

Explanation:

If the concentration of sodium is high in the inter membrane space than that of matrix then a sodium gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

    The transport of sodium ions from inter membrane space to matrix through the sodium ion channel result in the generation of sodium motive force,that is used to provide energy to the cell.

Answer:

The correct answers are option A. "Mutating histidine residue 274 of the citrate synthase enzyme to an alanine amino acid would likely eliminate or reduce the enzymatic activity of citrate synthase", B. "The histidine residue would hydrogen bond to acetyl-CoA throughout the reaction mechanism, stabilizing the enolate intermediate", and D. "Oxaloacetate would be repulsed from aspartic acid in the first step of the reaction mechanism".

Explanation:

Citrate cycle is comprised of a series of reactions used in aerobic organisms to release energy from different chemical species. In this cycle, the citrate synthase enzyme catalyzes the first reaction which is the formation of citrate by the condensation of acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The enzymatic activity depends on the histidine residue 274, which acts as proton donor to the carbonyl oxygen of acetyl CoA stabilizing the enolate intermediate of citrate. Therefore, a mutating histidine residue 274 of the citrate synthase enzyme to an alanine amino acid would likely eliminate or reduce the enzymatic activity of citrate synthase, also oxaloacetate would be repulsed from aspartic acid in the first step of the reaction mechanism as a result of this modification.

Answer:

C) Development in all animals is determined by the unique family of Hox genes (or other similar homeobox genes).

Explanation:

Development in all animals is determined by the unique family of Hox genes, in both protostomes and deuterostomes, the blastopore develops into the mouth, and all triploblastic animals possess a coelom.

The correct statement(s) about animal body plans are:

These statements are supported by the fact that animals are classified based on their body morphology and development, and different groups of animals have different patterns of coelom formation and blastopore development.

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Answer:

The correct answer will be- arteries→capillaries→veins

Explanation:

The circulation of blood in the closed circulatory system flows through blood vessels. These blood vessels show structural differences in response to the pressure exerted by the blood on the surrounding medium.

The blood pressure varies in the circulatory system because the heart pumps the blood with a greater force, so the blood vessel called arteries which carries the blood from the heart posses thicker walls.

The blood pressure reduces until the blood reaches the organs, the blood pressure reduces. Thus the blood in the capillaries has lower pressure.

When blood exits from the organs back to the heart, then the blood pressure is highly reduced as a result, the veins carry the blood with lower pressure.

Thus, arteries→capillaries→veins are the correct answer.