Answer:
A. Living with foster parents
Explanation:
Class members are asked to work cooperatively in groups on major course papers. Every member of a group is to receive exactly the same grade based on the quality of the group's paper. This situation is most likely to lead to:A) social loafing. B) social facilitation. C) deindividuation. D) group polarization.
Answer:
This situation is most likely to lead to Social loafing.
Option: (A)
Explanation:
Social loafing is a condition where the effort and motivation of the individuals decreases when they are assigned to complete a task in a group. As there are other group members to share the burden of failure or ineffectiveness, the group’s individual members feel less pressure to complete the task. This condition of social loafing is actually the result of decline in performance of individual member of the group but not really due to the collective performance decline. The individual usually contributes less than he/she would have contributed when working alone.Class members were asked to work cooperatively, this situation is most likely to lead to Option:A Social loafing.
What is the term Social loafing about?Class members worked together in order to get the sufficient grade. Social loafing is refer to as a condition where the motivation of the individuals decreases when they are assigned to complete a task in a group.
In case of class work,this condition of social loafing is the result of decline in performance of individual member of the group. The individual usually contributes less than he/she would have contributed when working alone.
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Around the world, people may experience the same genetically based disorder quite differently, depending on their personal expectations and their cultural definition of abnormality. This BEST illustrates the need for what model?
Answer:
The answer is biopsychosocial model.
Explanation:
As the name implies, this branch of psychology studies the relation between biological, psychological and social factors, and focuses on how these circumstances affect our development.
In recent years, social factors have had a bigger role in this area. It is used mostly for understanding health and illness.
Professor Daube teaches Theories of Personality. He has his students analyze the song lyrics of famous songwriters, past and present, and see if they can determine the writers' specific personality traits based on their writings. According to research, Professor Daube's students should _____ than students who are taught Theories of Personality by lectures only.
A) be more cognitively engaged with their learning
B) learn less
C) be less motivated
D) none of these
According to research, Professor Daube's students should be more cognitively engaged with their learning.
Option A
Explanation:Cognitive engagements in studying describe the student’s ability to put more effort into their studies than to just show up to class for attendance. This is aided by persistence and if required, studying for long periods to understand a topic.
Cognitive learning requires students mental and psychological presence in the classroom. In problem-solving learning, students need to analyse all the aspects of the problem paying attention to even slightest details. These are the traits required from Professor Daube's students to be able to analyse the personality of the artists.
Thirteen-year-old Donette is extremely self-conscious. She believes she is the focus of everyone else’s attention and concern. Donette is experiencing a cognitive distortion known as ________.
Answer:
B) the imaginary audience
Explanation:
Imaginary audience: The imaginary audience is defined as a psychological concept mostly found in the adolescent stage of an individual's development. Imaginary audience refers to the faith of an individual that he or she is under close, and persistence observation by family, strangers, and peers.
The adolescents who are dealing with the imaginary audience are often feeling or believe that their actions are being noticed by the other person or they are the focus of their attention.
Example: A child experiencing an imaginary audience is self-conscious about what others might think about him or her.
The ______ test requires the jury to find a defendant not guilty by reason of insanity in the event that the jurors find that the defendant possessed a mental disease that prevents him from curbing his or her conduct.
Answer:
Irresistible Impulse.
Explanation:
As the term implies, an irresistible impulse is a defense by excuse (in this case by insanity) in which the defendand shouldn't be held responsible for their actions given that they could not control them.
Each semester, during advising week, Dylan asks his faculty advisor to identify the easiest courses and teachers that would satisfy his degree requirements. Dylan’s need for achievement is probably____________.a. high.b. moderately high.c. moderate.d. low.
Final answer:
Dylan's need for achievement is considered low since he consistently seeks the easiest courses and instructors, indicating an avoidance of challenging tasks.
Explanation:
Dylan's need for achievement is probably low. This is inferred because he is seeking the easiest courses and teachers to satisfy his degree requirements. Typically, individuals with a high need for achievement are likely to select tasks that are challenging yet achievable to ensure their success. By looking for the easiest path, Dylan seems to be avoiding challenges, which suggests a lower need for achievement. It is important to consider that this behavior could be due to various factors such as a desire for work-life balance or external pressures, but based solely on the information regarding his academic choices, his need for achievement does not seem high.
Effective January 1, 2007, pursuant to Senate Bill 226 (Joshua's Law), in order to obtain a Provisional License (Class D) at 16 years of age, proof is required of having completed an approved driver training course consisting of at least ______ hours of theoretical instruction (classroom o
Answer:
30
Explanation:
Joshua's Law is a new law in driving license. It is a Georgia state law which was enacted in the year 2007 changing the teen driver's requirement to get a driving license. This law came into effect from 1st January of 2007 year.
Teen drivers in order to obtain a Georgia driving license should meet the new set requirements. To have a license at the age of 16 years, one should submit the proof of completing the approved driver training course which consists of 30 hours of classroom or theoretical study and at least 6 hours of practical study driving the vehicle with the instructor present.
The law got its name from Joshua Brown, who met with an accident in 2003 and died.
Thus the answer is -- 30 hours.
According to Joshua's Law (Senate Bill 226), individuals at the age of 16 are required to complete at least 30 hours of approved driver training to get a Provisional License (Class D). This was implemented on January 1, 2007.
Explanation:Effective January 1, 2007, pursuant to Senate Bill 226 (known as Joshua's Law), in order to obtain a Provisional License (Class D) at 16 years of age, a student must provide proof of having completed an approved driver training course. This course needs to consist of at least 30 hours of theoretical instruction, which is typically conducted in a classroom setting or online. This change was introduced with the goal of increasing the level of preparation and safety for young drivers.
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______________ is a psychoanalytic method for exploring the unconscious. With this method
Answer:
Free Association
Explanation:
Free association is a psychoanalytic counseling method used to help individuals understand more about what they think and feel.
It's most strongly linked with the father of psychoanalytic therapy, Sigmund Freud. Freud has been using free association to assist his patients find unconscious feelings and thoughts that were either suppressed or overlooked.
The aim of free association is not solely to reveal forgotten memories, but also to recognise real feelings and thoughts about situations in life that may be troublesome but are not self-evident.
Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact.a.Trueb.False
Answer: False
Explanation:
The given statement is false because, Perform Quantitative Risk Analysis is referred to as the method of numerically examining and determining the ramification of the risk identified on the project. The main advantage of the method is that it tends to produce the quantitative risk data and information in order to the support decision making so as to reduce the uncertainty in the project.
Final answer:
The statement that Performing Quantitative Risk Analysis is a process of prioritizing risks by assessing their likelihood and impact is true. This process uses quantitative methods for a detailed assessment and effective risk management in decision-making.
Explanation:
Performing Quantitative Risk Analysis is the process of prioritizing risks for further analysis or action by assessing and combining their probability of occurrence and impact. The statement provided is true. This process involves evaluating risks using quantitative methods, which include mathematical analyses to evaluate the probability and impact of risks occurring. This helps to systematically identify risks, assess vulnerabilities, and manage them effectively through prioritization.
Risk management seeks to identify an optimal balance where the costs and time of mitigation are proportionate to the threat level. Deterministic and probability-based analyses are the two main types of quantitative methods used in risk analysis. Sensitivity analysis aids in understanding the robustness of solutions against the effects of uncertain factors.
Quantitative methods are categorized into two types: deterministic analyses focus on the seriousness of an incident's consequences, while probability-based analyses consider both the seriousness and the frequency of the event. Such methods are often utilized in complex decision-making processes, including the organization and digitization of business models.
________ are general criteria, standards, or guiding principles that people use to determine which behaviors, events, situations, and outcomes are desirable or undesirable. a) Values b) Cultures c) Rituals d) Ceremonies.
Values are general criteria, standards, or guiding principles that people use to determine which behaviors, events, situations, and outcomes are desirable or undesirable.
Option a
Explanation:
Values can be defined as the general statements or standards that guides the behavior, event or any activity. Values are the base for any organisation to work ethically. It guides the responsibilities of an individual or group of individuals. These are not any laws that are published by government but definitely being followed.
For example: Social responsibility of a businessman towards the society like employment generation, avoiding pollution, etc. These are need to be fulfilled by the businessman as he gets all the resources from the society.
John's parents recorded his height at various ages up to 66 months. They decide to use the least-squares regression line of John's height on age to predict his height at age 21 years (252 months). We conclude:
Answer:
Their prediction could be misleading becuase it asumes that the existing trend will continue (extrapolation).
Explanation:
If the data is the following:
Age (months) 36 48 54 60 66
Height(months) 35 38 41 43 45
Sydney, a nursing assistant, is often asked to go to other departments and "fill in" but she doesn't feel competent to deal with many of these situations. Instead of addressing the issue with her supervisor, Sydney calls in sick to work when she is fairly sure she will be asked to move to another department. Sydney is engaging in
A) Problem-focused coping
B) Emotion-focused coping
C) Reactive coping
D) Behavior-focused coping
Sydney was engaged in emotion-focused coping.
Option B
Explanation:
When someone tries this coping mechanism, all they are doing is to reduce negative emotional response which occurs due to being exposed to stressful situations. The stressful situation causes negative emotions such as anxiety, fear, depression aggression, etc. which can only be reduced by acquiring ways to cope.
A person experiencing a negative feeling may try different positive coping mechanisms that include journaling, creating a distraction by concentrating on other activities or mindful meditation. There are also negative ways of coping which don’t improve the situation in the long run. These include suppressing one’s emotions, avoidance, alcohol and substance abuse.
A synapse is a(n) Group of answer choices chemical messenger that triggers muscle contractions. automatic response to sensory input. junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. neural "cable" containing many axons.
Answer:
C)Junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron.
Explanation:
A synapse is a connection between neurons. The sending neuron is the presypnatic neuron, and the receiving neuron is the postsynaptic neuron.
The synapse is the point where sending and receiving neuron communicate.
Synapses can be chemical or electrical in nature. Chemical synapses are very common, and serve as the bridge through which neurotransmitters like Serotonine or Dopamine pass through.
A synapse is the junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron, where communication across happens via neurotransmitters.
Explanation:A synapse is the junction between a sending neuron and a receiving neuron. This is an essential part of the nervous system, which plays a vital role in transmitting signals between neurons. Communication across these synapses occurs via neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers released by the sending neuron. These neurotransmitters cross the synapse and bind to specific receptors on the receiving neuron, potentially triggering an action.
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Liam manages his father's construction company. He is usually very lenient with his employees. He allows his employees to work flexible hours. He does not care much about the work quality as long as the project deadlines are met. In the context of the Blake/Mouton leadership grid, which of the following leadership styles is Liam using in this scenario.
The correct answer would be, Country club management (style of leadership).
He does not care much about the work quality as long as the project deadlines are met. In the context of Blake/Mouton leadership grid, Liam is following the Country club management (style of leadership).
Explanation:
Country club management is a style of leadership in the Blake/Mouton grid in which the manager cares more about the employees rather than the productivity. This leadership style shows more concern for people and least concern for production.
The team member's needs and feelings are more important to the managers is this style of leadership. Such leaders assume that when employees are happy, they will work hard for the productivity of the organization. If the desired outcomes are not being achieved at this point of time, those will be achieved by the happy employees in the future.
So when Liam is happy with his employees flexible hours as long as the deadlines are being met, he is illustrating the Country club management (style of leadership).
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Rites of passage usually consist of three phases: a) uncertainty, anxiety, and solace. b) ritual, purification, and absolution. c) separation, liminality, and incorporation. d) aggregation, celebration, and liturgical orders. e) confusion, ecstasy, and nirvana.
Answer:
Option C, separation, liminality, and incorporation, is the right answer.
Explanation:
A ceremony which occurs a the time when one person leaves a group to join another group is known as a rite of passage. It includes a meaningful change of status in the community. Ethnographer Arnold van Gennep was the first to use this term, but nowadays, this term is most commonly used in modern literature. According to, Arnold van Gennep there are three stages of Rites of passage which includes separation, liminality, and incorporation.
Final answer:
Rites of passage are traditional ceremonies marking significant life transitions and consist of three main stages: c) Separation, Transition (or Liminality), and Incorporation, as described by Arnold van Gennep.
Explanation:
Rites of passage, as defined by Arnold van Gennep in 1909, are ceremonial events that mark the transition of an individual from one phase of life to another. c) separation, liminality, and incorporation. These events are composed of three fundamental stages:
Separation: This initial stage involves the detachment of the individual from their former role in society. Here, the individual steps away from their current social identity, preparing for the transformation that lies ahead.Liminality or Transition: The ambiguous middle phase where the individual has left their previous identity but has not yet acquired a new one. It is associated with instruction, teaching, and sometimes trials and tribulations that the person must endure. This stage is characterized by a strong presence of mentors or guides who facilitate the process of change, ensuring the individual is adequately prepared for their new role in society.Incorporation: In the final phase, the individual reintegrates into society with a new status, taking on the rights, privileges, and responsibilities that come with it. It often involves formal recognition or celebration of the individual's new position within the community.Through these stages, an individual experiences a symbolic death of their old self and is reborn into a new role, reflecting the transformative power of rites of passage.
"Beginning at the SE corner of the intersection of Olive & 270, thence south 350 feet, thence west 350 feet, thence north 440 feet, thence east 460 feet." Is this a good metes and bounds description?
Answer:
No, because it does not start and end at the point of beginning.
Explanation:
Metes and bounds description:-
Metes and bounds describes the boundaries or the limits of the property or a land which can be identified by the natural landmarks. The example of such descriptions includes the landmarks of rivers, roads, trees, etc. The system must have a starting and an end point descriptions.
This system has been used for many centuries in England , and this system is still used in definition of the general boundaries.
Thus, from the question, it is not a good metes and bounds description as it should have specific starting and end points descriptions.
The senior lawyers of Lawteve, a law firm, have differences of opinion about the leave policies that the firm follows. This is because of the differences in their individual history and experiences in the industry. Each of them is willing to have a discussion and arrive at the optimal solution. In this scenario, the conflict among the senior lawyers at Lawteve best exemplifies _____.A) a-type conflictB) affective conflictC) c-type conflictD) channel conflict
Answer: C) c-type conflict
Explanation: C-type conflict is type of cognitive dispute that occurs between the team members of an organization or any other party where the difference in opinion on any subject leads to disagreement in team mates.
According to the situation mentioned in the question, senior lawyers do not have same opinion on leave policy and because of that dissimilarity is caused that leads them to find an appropriate solution by discussion.
Other options are incorrect because a-type conflicts are dispute in relation with personal case. Channel conflict happens in marketing field. Affective conflict is related with emotions.
Thus, the correct option is option(C).
Making a good decision a. requires probabilities for all states of nature. b. requires a clear understanding of decision alternatives, states of nature, and payoffs. c. implies that a desirable outcome will occur. d. All of the alternatives are true. Group of answer choices
Answer:
b. requires a clear understanding of decision alternatives, states of nature, and payoffs.
Explanation:
Making good decisions is taking an effective and efficient process that has a higher likelihood of generating the desired results. It is important in living an efficient life and productive life.
A good decision is one which is made considering all the affecting factors and the consequences of the processes to be carried forward. It takes into account proper understanding of all the alternatives and the nature of the results.
Thus the answer is ---
b. requires a clear understanding of decision alternatives, states of nature, and payoffs.
According to Albert Bandura, ________.a. Fear is a conditioned response.b. Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.c. Learning is the result of reinforcing desired behavior at fixed intervals.d. Organisms cannot learn if they do not receive immediate reinforcement.
Answer:
Learning can occur by watching others and modeling what they do or say.
Explanation:
Albert Bandura proposed the social learning theory. This is the famous theory for its experiment on the bobo doll on children. His was based on observation learning concepts. In this theory, children learn behavior through imitation or by watching TV. This theory is the bridge between cognitive learning theory and behaviorist. The principle of this theory was that children by observation of other's behavior. This model explains the behavior of a person in reciprocal determinism manner in which a person's cognitive, behavior and social interaction are included.
There are some steps through which learning occur
Attention Retention Production MotivationThe preemptive right gives shareholders the right ________. A. to caste one vote for each share owned at the annual meeting of the company B. to give up their vote to another party if they do not attend the annual meeting C. to maintain their proportionate ownership in the corporation when new common stock is issued D. to sell their share of stock at a premium in the event of liquidation.
The correct answer is letter C.
The preemptive right is a special clause specific to sales contracts that stipulate the right of the seller to read the welfare requirement or the case of the desired supplier. Basically, it is the right of someone to be preferred on terms and conditions with the third party in the acquisition of something.
Which of the following is a theory that studies the interactions between two parties that compete and/or cooperate with each other? a. Prisoner's dilemma b. Game theory c. Cross-market retaliation d. Predatory pricing
Answer:
The prisoner's dilemma. It investigates how trust is formed through cooperation and how distrust arises based on the stakes in the situation that make it more appealing for people to cooperate or defect.
Explanation:
Match the vocabulary terms with their definition. Match the items in the left column to the items in the right column.
1. consolation 1. comfort or relief of misery or distress
2. antidote 2. a remedy to counteract the effects of poison
3. counteract 3. to act directly against
4. counterpart 4. something that fits with or resembles something else
1. consolation: Comfort or relief of misery or distress
-Something to make feel better for someone who is disappointed or sad.
2. Antidote: A remedy to counteract the effects of poison
A chemical drugs which limits the effects of poison.
3. Counteract: To act directly against
To reduce the effect of something that is unnecessary by generating an opposite effect.
4. Counterpart: Something that fits with or resembles something else
A person or a thing having the same objective as other but in a different place or organization.
This answer provides a matching of the vocabulary terms 'consolation', 'antidote', 'counteract', and 'counterpart' with their respective definitions, with brief explanations included.
Explanation:The vocabulary terms from the left column correspond to the definitions in the right column as follows:
Consolation corresponds to 'comfort or relief of misery or distress.' This term refers to anything that provides comfort, relief, or a sense of encouragement during a difficult time.Antidote refers to 'a remedy to counteract the effects of poison.' In broader terms, it is used to denote any substance that helps to neutralize harmful effects.The term counteract refers to 'to act directly against.' This implies that an action or influence is opposed or neutralized by another competing action.Lastly, the term counterpart corresponds to 'something that fits with or resembles something else.' It usually refers to someone or something that has the same function or characteristics as another person or thing or complements them.Learn more about Vocabulary Definitions here:https://brainly.com/question/34229761
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A 6-year old male domestic short hair presents dyspneic with fluid dripping from both nares. The veterinarian suspects heart failure due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What type of injection would most likely immediately be given?
Answer: The correct answer is : A diuretic
Explanation: Cardiomyopathy is a disease where the myocardium weakens, the heart cannot function well. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the cardiac muscle thickens in an abnormal way, making it difficult for the blood to flow out of the heart and must exert more effort than usual to pump the blood.
Dr. Haverford suggests to her clients that her mood problems stem from problems with the neurotransmitter serotonin. Dr. Haverford mentions nothing about social or behavioral factors that may be related to mood. According to the textbook, to understand her client's problems, Dr. Haverford seems to be using the ______ model
a. interdisciplinary
b. behaviorist
c. biopsychosocial
d. medical
Answer:
The answer is medical model.
Explanation:
In psychology, the medical model states that mental disorders are derived from physiological factors. In other words, these conditions are treated as diseases and medicine is used for treatement.
Actually, some studies show that mood problems (such as anxiety and phobias) are related to problems with the regulation of serotonin levels in the brain.
When an IRB is reviewing a research study and they are considering if a potential subject population is vulnerable, they should consider_______.A. Are there adequate resources to conduct the study?B. Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?C. Are the research procedures greater than minimal risk of harm?D. Has the researcher completed required training?
Answer: (B) Is there a power differential between researchers and subjects?
Explanation:
IRB stand for the Institutional review board and the main responsibility of the IRB is that it basically protect the rights and the welfare of the human research activities under the given authorities.
IRB is also known as the constituted group that designed for the review purpose and also monitor various types of biomedical researches.
The IRB should consider all the potential subject and considered that the power differential between the subjects and the researches.
An IRB should consider if there is a power differential between researchers and subjects and if the research procedures pose greater than minimal risk of harm when determining if a potential subject population is vulnerable. This is essential to protect the rights and welfare of subjects.
Explanation:When an Institutional Review Board (IRB) is reviewing a research study and considering whether a potential subject population is vulnerable, the crucial factors they should consider are:
Is there a power differential between the researchers and the subjects? This question aims to evaluate whether the potential subjects could be unduly influenced or coerced into participating.Are the research procedures associated with more than a minimal risk of harm? Here, the IRB assesses the balance between the benefits and the risks of the research study.To ensure the protection and ethical treatment of vulnerable populations, these are primary concerns the IRB must evaluate. It is their responsibility to ensure that any power imbalance is sufficiently managed, and that any risks present are reasonable in relation to the potential benefits of the research.
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Scott is a young engineer who just started work at a company that has several seasoned engineers on staff. During a regular meeting several of these seasoned engineers are discussing how to solve a problem. After about 15 minutes of listening to this, Scott jumps up and yells, "Eureka, I've got it!" This is an example of _____.
Answer:
insight
Explanation:
Insight:-
Insight in psychology occurs when the solution to a particular problem is being presented by own which is very spontaneous and quickly and also there are no signs of any warning. It is defined as the unexpected discovery of the solution which can be derived from trial and error based incorrect attempts.
Thus, The given case study in which Scott immediately jumps after having only a discussion of 15 minutes suggest that the case is an example of insight.
After Guido kicked the football from the 22-yard line, he heard the referee yell, "It's good." What type of knowledge was expressed by the referee?
a) knowledge of performance–intrinsic feedback
b) knowledge of performance–extrinsic feedback
c) knowledge of results–intrinsic feedback
d) knowledge of results–extrinsic feedback
Answer:
After Guido kicked the football from the 22-yard line, he heard the referee yell, "It's good." (B) Knowledge of performance (extrinsic feedback) was expressed by the referee.
Explanation:
The feedback which is provided by external factors, during or after a performance has been performed is called extrinsic feedback. The knowledge of performance deals with how good the performer has performed, and not the end result. It comes during the game is being played and is sudden, after an action had taken place.
For example: when a goalie saves a goal, the coach appreciates him by saying ""well done"", this is an example of extrinsic knowledge of performance.
Intrinsic feedback is the realisation of an athlete about his performance and does not come from external factors. Coaches, friends, spectators, etc can provide a player with extrinsic feedback. Hence, here in this example, the coach is passing knowledge of performance (extrinsic) feedback to guido.
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the ________. primary visual cortex calcarine cortex visual association area lateral geniculate body
An individual who could trace a picture of a bicycle with his or her finger but could not recognize it as a bicycle is most likely to have sustained damage to the visual association area.
Explanation:
Visual association or association cortex area is the cortical area present in between the auditory, visual, somatosensory cortices.
All these cortices integrate through sensory, gustatory, visual, and auditory impulses. This complete sensory integration aids to recognize shapes, form, image, texture of various objects and their interrelation through higher-order association.
Damage to this visual association areas cause associative visual agnosia. With this condition, a person although is able to see or feel an object cannot recognize the object due to impairment of attention/recognition skill, intelligence.
A visually agnostic person, although can see, cannot identify an object by his/her sight; but can feel the object through touch, smell, or sound.
A woman eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. At some point during the binge, she takes a huge dose of a laxative to "empty out" the food. Her taking thelaxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it, would lead to a diagnosis of:
a. binge-eating disorder.
b. purging-type bulimia nervosa.
c. nonpurging-type bulimia nervosa.
d. eating disorder not otherwise specified
Answer:either binge eating disorder or non-purging type bulimia nervosa
Explanation:
I think I’m beginning to understand why Boo Radley’s stayed shut up in his house all this time..it’s because he wants to stay inside."" What does Jem mean by this and how has he come to this realization?
Answer:
After witnessing Tom Robinson's trial, Jem becomes familiar with racial injustice he was not completely aware of before. Jem is sad because of the outcome of the trial, but also because of the deep prejudices against black people present in Maycomb. During a conversation with his sister (Chapter 23), Jem says:
"I think I’m beginning to understand why Boo Radley’s stayed shut up in his house all this time..it’s because he wants to stay inside."
He believes Boo Radley does not want to come out of his house because he does not want to be a part of this cruel society, where people are being discriminated against because of their race.