Answer:
Legal
Explanation:
The U.S Department of Commerce developed a legal framework in order to enable U.S businesses to legally use personal data from EU countries. A legal framework includes regulations on how the businesses develop their actions, to ensure that there is no misuse of personal data.
Sadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety that she rarely steps outside her apartment. I he thought of going shopping and getting lost in a crowd terrifies her, so she has her groceries delivered. Because of her fear, she earns her living as a freelance writer, working at home. Sadie's behavior is most characteristic of A) agoraphobia. B) generalized anxiety disorder. C). somatoform disorder. D) obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Answer:
A) agoraphobia.
Explanation:
Agoraphobia: The term agoraphobia is one of the types of anxiety disorder that includes a person who feels fear and tends to ignore situations or places that cause the person to get panic, helpless, trapped, and embarrassed, etc. The disorder is often listed in the DSM-5 manual as an anxiety disorder.
In other words, an individual dealing with agoraphobia tends to avoid the situation that makes him or her feel anxious and where help isn't possible.
It can be treated through exposure therapy, but for the specific person, it is often difficult to get over with the problem.
Jonathan is unwilling to communicate with others, has no apparent feeling, and remains motionless for hours at a time. Jonathan is exhibiting__________.
Answer:
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia
Explanation:
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that includes both positive and negative symptoms.
Positive symptoms include hallucinations, delusions and thought disorders.Negative symptoms refer to the absent of normal behaviors and they include: social withdrawal, apathy, flat affect (that it can seem like a lack of feelings) and absence of initiative to begin a behavior.In this example, Jonathan doesn't want to communicate with other people, has no apparent feeling and remains motionless for hours at a time. We can see that these 3 behaviors refer to negative symptoms of Schizophrenia and refer to Jonathan's lack of normal behaviors.
The hostilities between two racial subgroups of a riverfront community were dramatically reduced when the threat of the river flooding its banks required that they work together to save their town. This best illustrates the impact of______________.
Answer:
Superordinate goals.
Explanation:
A superordinate goal is a goal so big that is enough to overlook personal or group differences in order to achieve it. It is, also, a goal rather big for anyone of this individuals to reach it alone, therefore, having the need to overlook said differences.
A ____ is a nonprofit independent group that receives and disburses funds to influence elections.
a. political party
b. 527 committee
c. campaign coordinating committee
d. political action committee
Answer:
527 committee is an organisation which primarily formed under section 527 revenue code of US.
Explanation:
527 committee is an organisation which primarily formed under section 527 revenue code of US.
A 527 community is developed mainly to impact national, local or state office candidates, selection, candidacy, election, assignment or defeat. These organisations are usually political parties, representatives, boards, or societies assembled to influence a national, state, or local problem, legislation, nomination, or election.
Which foreign leaders did churchill meet with and how often
Answer:
Roosevelt
Explanation:
Prime minister Churchill met with President Roosevelt three (3) times in 1943 in the Months of May, August, and September. The meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill was to discuss a way forward for both Britain and US after the post war period.
Winston Churchill met with various foreign leaders, including Roosevelt, Stalin, and Attlee, during his tenure as Prime Minister of Britain.
Explanation:Winston Churchill met with several foreign leaders during his time as Prime Minister of Britain, especially during World War II. Some of the leaders he met with include Franklin Roosevelt of the United States, Joseph Stalin of the Soviet Union, and Clement Attlee of Britain. The frequency of these meetings varied depending on the circumstances and events of the war.
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Gertrude is close to finishing her degree in biology and has been offered several good jobs in her field. However, Gertrude decides that she really wants to become a carpenter. She quits school and becomes a very happy and successful carpenter. According to Maslow, Gertrude _____.
Answer:
is self-actualized
Explanation:
Self-actualization: The term has been introduced by the famous psychologist Abraham Maslow in his theory of hierarchy of needs. He has given five stages in his theory and self-actualization is the last i.e the fifth stage. According to Maslow, a person needs to fulfill all the previous needs to reach the self-actualized need.
According to Maslow, the stage of self-actualization is defined as the need of an individual for personal development and growth throughout the different stages of an individual's life. He believes that if an individual reaches the stage of self-actualization, he or she is considered to reach full potential as an individual.
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Gertrude has achieved self-actualization. This is because she has chosen to follow her passion and find personal satisfaction, thus pursuing her personal growth and self-fulfillment, which are characteristics of the highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy.
Explanation:According to the theory of human needs proposed by psychologist Abraham Maslow, Gertrude, in the given scenario, has achieved self-actualization. This is the highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy, representing the achievement of one's full potential and personal growth. Although Gertrude had the opportunity for high-paying jobs in biology (which could satisfy her security needs), she opted to follow her passion and became a carpenter, thus satisfying her higher-level need for self-fulfillment.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs starts with basic survival needs like food, water, and shelter at the bottom, followed by safety and security needs, then belonging and love needs, esteem needs, and finally at the top, self-actualization needs. Only when the lower-order needs have been met can one strive to achieve the higher-order needs.
Achievement of self-actualization, according to Maslow, is not a common occurrence as it requires not just meeting, but mastering all lower-level needs and then pursuing personal growth and self-fulfillment. In Gertrude's case, her decision to follow her passion and become a successful carpenter indicates that she is on the path to self-actualization, placing her well-being and personal satisfaction over monetary gains.
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Cari often has temper tantrums and pouts when she can't have her own way. She behaves impulsively and becomes extremely impatient if she can't have the things that she wants immediately. According to Freud's view of personality, Cari's personality appears to be dominated by
a. reaction formation.
b. her id.
c. her superego.
d. her ego.
Answer:
Her Id
Explanation:
Id, Ego, Superego these are the three-part of personality theory. Freud has proposed the personality theory where the id, ego, superego play an important role in the development of the personality of a child.
Id works on the pleasure principle. In this principle, children want what they want. In the stage, children don't think about others. They just want their gratification. When child fixated develop habits like a chewing finger, nail-biting, drinking, smoking, etc.
Thus in the above statement shows that Cari is at Id state. She just wants, what she likes. She wants to satisfy her gratification by seeking pleasure principle.
Mary Ann hired Ali, who belongs to a minority group, to work in the accounting department because he was highly skillful. However, the other workers resented Ali's presence and excluded him from the work group. Ali had difficulty performing, since he was not given the needed information to work expediently. This is an example of ______, one of the challenges of a diversified workforce.
Answer: Lower cohesiveness
Explanation:
Here, in this particular case we can state that this is an example of lower cohesiveness. Lower cohesiveness is known to be one of the challenges of an organization. The groups tends to have higher levels of tension and also high absenteeism. Representative of the lower cohesive groups have weaker relationship satisfaction as compared to the higher cohesiveness groups. Groups with lower cohesiveness tend to work in a disoriented way and have less to no togetherness.
Which term represents a way to pick delegates that is used in 15 states, in which rank-and-file party members attend a neighborhood meeting, share ideas and concerns about candidates, and cast a ballot for pledged delegates to attend a statewide meeting?
Answer:
Nomination caucus
Explanation:
Hi! The answer to your question would be nomination caucus. Nomination caucus is the name for informal meetings in which American congressmen would agree on whom to nominate for the Presidency and Vice Presidency from their political party. In this case, this would be the delegates that meet to share ideas and concerns about candidates.
The Great Compromise successfully resolved differences between ________.
a.large and small states
b.slave and non-slave states
c.the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution
d.the House and the Senate
Answer:
a
Explanation:
the answer is a
"The Great Compromise was an agreement made between large states and small states regarding how much power states would have under the United States Constitution."
Final answer:
The Great Compromise addressed differences between A. large and small states.
Explanation:
The Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, successfully resolved differences between large and small states during the Constitutional Convention in 1787. This compromise proposed a bicameral congress with a dual system of representation: in the Senate, each state would have two voting members, ensuring equality among states, while in the House of Representatives, membership would be based on each state's population, thus responding to the needs of larger states for greater representation proportional to their population.
It was a pivotal moment in American history, as it shaped the structure of the U.S. Congress and addressed the competing interests of states with differing population sizes, striking a balance and retaining a federal character in the new Constitution. The Connecticut Compromise was adopted with opposition from only a few states, creating the legislative structure still in use today.
Research studies indicate that in an emergency situation, the presence of others often
A. prevents people from even noticing the situation.
B. prevents people from assuming responsibility for assisting.
C. leads to all of these behaviors.
D. prevents people from interpreting an unusual event as an emergency.
Answer:
Research studies indicate that in an emergency situation, the presence of others often:
B. Prevents people from assuming responsibility for assisting.
Explanation:
When the people see a situation where one or more people requires help from them, the people assume that the responsibility could be for anyone, not necessarily for them, also could feel ashamed because being dragged to a situation where they have not related and the people, in change of to value their bravery, could attack or talk bad them in case of actually can't help.
Peer relationships can teach all of the following except __________. A. need for tradition B. perspective taking C. emotional support D. appropriate self-disclosure
The answer is A on Edge for Psychology subject
Answer: A
Explanation: Peer Relations are essential in psycho social adaptation during early childhood and much later, as children's relationships with their primary role pairs in their overall development. Promoting social and affective skills and intervening from more than one age in the event of difficulties seems to be particularly effective in fostering positive experiences among children.
Peer relationships typically teach perspective-taking, emotional support, and appropriate self-disclosure, but not the need for tradition. Traditions are primarily shaped by cultural, family, or societal influences rather than interactions among peers.
Explanation:In the context of psychology and social interactions, peer relationships teach various things like perspective-taking, emotional support, and appropriate self-disclosure. Perspective-taking is the ability to understand another individual's viewpoint. Emotional support suggests learning to provide empathy and understanding to others. Appropriate self-disclosure is when you share personal information at the right time and in the right circumstances. However, a need for tradition, choice A, is not typically taught through peer relationships, as traditions are largely shaped by cultural, familial, or societal influences rather than peer interactions.
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The role of _____ in violent crime is of growing importance in understanding the dynamics of the interactions among the forces of biology, psychological factors, and our environment.
a. neurobiology
b. sociology
c. podiatry
d. psychology
Answer:
B
Explanation:
sociology
Groups can generate solutions to problems by engaging in ______________, in which members come up with as many ideas as possible without judging the merits of those ideas initially. consensus brainstorming grouphate groupthink
Final answer:
Groups can brainstorm to generate a variety of solutions without initial judgment, a process distinct from groupthink and group polarization that aims to cultivate diverse ideas and avoid conformity that can hinder decision-making.
Explanation:
Groups can generate solutions to problems by engaging in brainstorming, which is a method where members contribute as many ideas as possible without assessing their viability initially. This process aims to explore a wide range of ideas, deriving from various sources like existing products, scientific principles, and more, potentially shaping them into a viable component, system, or process to meet specific requirements and constraints. The concept of brainstorming contrasts with phenomena like groupthink and group polarization, which can negatively impact the decision-making process in groups by limiting the diversity of opinions and reinforcing existing viewpoints, respectively. To avoid the pitfalls of groupthink, strategies such as seeking outside opinions, private voting, leader restraint in voicing opinions, thorough research, evaluating costs and benefits, and developing contingency plans are suggested to foster effective group decision-making.
Nathan and Lakshmi meet for the first time in a psychology study in which they are asked to reveal information about themselves, taking turns. As each person decides to reveal increasingly personal information, the other person matches that level of intimacy. This tendency is called:
Answer:
Disclosure Reciprocity
Explanation:
Disclosure reciprocity can be defined as a process where two individuals share or reveals personal significant information about themselves
This is regarded as a part of that process of where in a relationship intimacy increases provided that both the people are willing equally to share information or details about themselves.
Thus in case of Nathan Lakhmi we observe that both are equally willing to reveal details about them matching the intimacy level showing the tendency of Disclosure reciprocity.
Sam and Chris are engaging in small talk, and looking for things they might have in common, a quest for similarities facilitated by social media. They are at which stage of a relationship?
a. Experimenting.
b. Integrating.
c. Intensifying.
d. Initiating.
Answer: (A) Experimenting
Explanation:
Experimenting is the process in which the person try to do some experiment with the different things.
As, the Sam and the Chris both are at the stage of the relationship where they both are experimenting with their compatibility, try to understand each other behavior and things.
They both basically investigating and also exploring about the effect and the causes of the their relationship. Therefore, option (A) is correct.
You are an American with a lower socio-economic status. You are a racial minority, live in public housing, and did finish high school but work at a physically labor-intensive job. You are supporting a family of four on your wages. It is likely that you:
Answer:
you most likely have a number of different physical problems such as arthritis and asthma.
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that you most likely have a number of different physical problems such as arthritis and asthma. This is because a physically labor intensive job can wear down the joints and muscles of the body at an alarming rate as opposed to working on any other job. This coupled with the stress of having to support a family of four on your wage would cause a high level of stress which can lead to a wide range of ailments.
Twentieth-century theorists have presented different approaches to the state as a political entity. For example, Michel Foucault studied the state by exploring the ways that power, knowledge, and discourse operate in concert to produce particular kinds of state subjects. What is a second approach?
Answer:
to explore the state as a force, best thought of as a machine whose purpose is to regulate and dominate.
Explanation:
In postcolonial societies in which ethnic or religious divisions are strong, we often see some form of __________, in which one group seeks to dominate the state and effectively freeze other groups out of the political process.
Answer:
patrimonialism
Explanation:
Hi! The correct answer is Patrimonialism. It is a form of traditional political domination, studied by Weber. Patrimonialism is one of the manifestations of power systems concentrated in one or a few people. They handle all the assets of society as if they were their personal property; it was a form of government in the post-colonial era.
Angela is a therapist who works with clients experiencing a wide range of mental health difficulties. This morning, Angela focused on cognitive restructuring with one of her clients. In the afternoon, she took a client-centered approach in which she used active listening and displayed unconditional positive regard for a particular client. Angela’s use of various techniques is known as a(n) ___________ approach.
Answer:
eclectic
Explanation:
Most therapists do not have one approach set in stone. With the eclectic approach, therapists can use a variety of techniques depending on particular clients’ needs.
Answer:
The answer is the eclectic approach.
Explanation:
Eclectic psychology consists of a therapeutic approach in which there are some methods as well as principles that are utilized to supply the needs of a person through the utilization of a treatment program.
Eclectic therapy is usually utilized regarding substance-abuse disorders, behavior disorders, as well as addictions. Some eclectic therapists could have a preference for a school of therapy. However, others could use many aspects of many schools because it depends on the patient's needs.
The newly-formed countries that emerged after the break up of the United Frontier States (UFS) are interested in learning more about integration in the Americas. Because the former UFS nations have many similarities with the countries of North and South America, they believe they can learn from the integration experience in the Americas. To that end, they pose the following questions. The regional trade agreement between Canada, Mexico, and the United States to eliminate tariffs and non-tariff barriers between themselves is known as the ________.
Answer:
North American Free Trade Agreement.
Explanation:
The North American Free Trade Agreement was formed in december of 1992 and came into force the 1rst of 1994. It includes Canada, the USA and México; hence creating the unilateral trade in North America, eliminating tariffs and non-tariffs barriers between themselves.
A mother teaches her daughter how to cook. The father teaches his son how to play baseball. How would a sociologist explain this based on the feminist perspective? a. The children are being socialized to help around the house in numerous roles. b. The parents are helping develop child self-efficacy. c. The parents are reinforcing obedience and learning in preparation for school. d. The children are experiencing gender inequality reinforcement.
Answer:
A sociologist would explain this using Option D: The children are experiencing gender inequality reinforcement.
Explanation:
The sociologist would say that the daughter and son in these instances are being taught to reproduce traditional gender roles that are part of the status quo. The father is teaching his son to participate in a sport that is largely dominated by men and where men are the highest paid professional players of the sport. The mother is teaching her daughter how to cook, which helps to reinforce the traditional gender roles where women are expected to perform the majority of the domestic work it takes to maintain the household.
The sociologist would explain this based on feminist perspective, stating that the children are experiencing gender inequality reinforcement through differential socialization based on their genders.
Explanation:According to the feminist perspective, the differential socialization of children based on their gender reinforces gender inequality. In this scenario, the mother teaching her daughter how to cook and the father teaching his son how to play baseball perpetuates traditional gender roles and societal norms. The daughter is being socialized to assume domestic responsibilities while the son is being encouraged to engage in activities associated with masculinity. This experience can contribute to the reinforcement of gender inequality, as girls are limited in their roles and boys are given more privileges and opportunities.
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Amanda, the accounts manager at Juren Bank, approaches Shirley, a human resource executive, and informs her that she is being sexually harassed by a colleague. If Shirley takes reasonable care in preventing sexual harassment, she would_____________.
Answer:
In order to take reasonable care in preventing future cases of sexual harassment in her organisation, Shirley would follow the internal human resources procedures set for dealing with cases of sexual harassment.
Explanation:
In particular Shirley would:
Let Amanda know that she is safe and protected by organisation's policies. That she is not going to get into trouble herself. Explain to Amanda how to file an official complaint and, if necessary, how to address an external institution, for example labor union.If in Juren Bank guiding employees like Amanda through the process of dealing with sexual harassment is within human resource executive professional responsibility, Shirley should conduct a detailed interview and gather all the facts and evidence needed to support the case.Option d. ensure that everyone in the organization understands that the firm does not tolerate sexual harassment. Shirley should take immediate action to address Amanda's sexual harassment complaint by ensuring everyone understands the company's no-tolerance policy on sexual harassment, discussing the issue with HR, and adhering to anti-harassment policies.
Regarding the situation where Amanda, the accounts manager at Juren Bank, has reported to Shirley, a human resource executive, that she is being sexually harassed by a colleague, the appropriate and immediate response would be for Shirley to take reasonable care in addressing the complaint. The correct course of action is d. ensure that everyone in the organization understands that the firm does not tolerate sexual harassment. Sexual harassment includes unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature, and it is unlawful when it affects an individual's employment, unreasonably interferes with work performance, or creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive work environment.
It is of utmost importance that Shirley discuss the issue with both the employee and Human Resources promptly, without waiting for additional complaints, and make certain that such reports are taken seriously irrespective of the harasser's position in the company. Furthermore, an employer's anti-harassment policy should be reinforced and adhered to consistently, and the employees should be reminded of and trained on the sexual harassment prevention policy and reporting procedures.
Holly comes into Matthew's bicycle shop to learn about the Easy Ride bicycle she saw in his newspaper ad. Matthew shows her the floor sample of the bicycle and says that it is designed to shift and brake more easily than her current model does. She decides to purchase one. Matthew gets a box from the back of the shop and sells it to her, stating that it is the bicycle Holly wants. Matthew does NOT create an express warranty with his statement that the bicycle inside the boxa. conforms to the floor sample he showed to Holly.b. was purchased from a disreputable manufacturer.c. conforms to his description of the Easy Ride.d. conforms to his promise about the bicycle's shifting and braking ability.
Answer:
b. Was purchased from a disreputable manufacturer
Explanation:
An express warranty consists of a statement or an attached document that a seller gives to a buyer. It relates to the goods or services and represents the basis of the deal. This indicates that the product that the buyer is acquiring corresponds to what the seller promised. In the case of Holly, Matthew did not create an express warranty with his statement that the bicycle inside the box was purchased from a disreputable manufacturer.
After age 65, most people are attempting to assess their lives and make sense of life and the meaning of their contributions. What is the primary developmental task of this stage? generativity vs. stagnation identity vs. guilt initiative vs. guilt integrity vs. despair
Answer:
The answer is Integrity vs. despair.
Explanation:
During this stage, which is the last in Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, people tend to question if they have had a meaningful, useful or interesting life. This usually happens when they become very aware of their mortality due to events such as retirement or losing a spouse.
A person who does not succeed at this stage might experience feelings of regret and despair upon reflecting on their life.
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called ________.
Answer:
Consolidation
Explanation:
Consolidation -
It is the process of merging or linking some particles together , these particle could be some data , facts , figures etc . , is known as consolidation .
The integration of data , inorder to make it fruitful or useful for a particular task and store in some form , is consolidation .
Hence , from the question , the appropriate term for the given statement of the question is consolidation .
Final answer:
The process of linking new facts with old facts in the memory bank is known as elaborative rehearsal. It involves creating associations between new and existing memories, which can help with the later retrieval of information. This is part of the broader memory processes of construction and reconstruction, assimilation, recoding, and drawing connections to enhance retention.
Explanation:
The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called elaborative rehearsal. This involves thinking about the meaning of the new information and its relation to knowledge already stored in your memory. Through this process, you create associations between new and old memories, which can facilitate the retrieval of information later on.
Memory construction and reconstruction are also important concepts to understand in relation to memory formation. While construction pertains to the formulation of new memories, reconstruction involves bringing up old memories, which can be subject to change and inaccuracies over time. Our memory system utilizes schemas—frameworks for organizing information—to assimilate new information by modifying it to fit existing knowledge.
Furthermore, when learning new facts, we may engage in recoding, converting the information into a form that's easier to remember. This process is tightly linked with the ability to retrieve information later, which can occasionally be affected by retroactive interference. Lastly, to enhance memory retention, it is useful to link the information to other knowledge you have, particularly by finding common themes or connections between new and established concepts.
What consist(s) of a formal set of general plans and principles intended to address problems and guide decision making? free riders policy the United Nations the tragedy of the commons
Answer:
Policy
Explanation:
The answer is --"Policy".
Policy is a set of principle or course of action that is adopted and proposed by a government or any organization or party. It helps in guiding decisions and and extracting the rational results from the issues. It is a set of plans to acknowledge the problems and make decisions rational and logical.
Hence the answer is --
Policy
After Finland created an excellent school system based on developing everyone’s potential the OECD tested adults from twenty-four countries measuring skill levels of adults between 16 and 65, including skills in literacy, numeracy, and problem solving. Finland scored:___________
Finland scored at top on nearly on all the measures.
Explanation:
Finland has created an educational system based on the equality where everyone’s potential can be used and develop. Last year, Finland conducted an OECD test in which adults of the 24 countries age from 16-65 were measured on many aspects such as literacy, numeracy, and other problem-solving skills in which Finland scored very well.
The test showed that all younger Finns who had the opportunity to attend the compulsory basic school after the reforms had excessive knowledge those who were aged, and who were educated before the reforms, knew the average.
Finland scored at or near the top on all measures in the OECD's Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), reflecting the success of its educational system focused on equality and individual potential.
Explanation:After diligently building an equitable educational system focused on developing everyone's potential, Finland went through a remarkable transformation. According to results from the Programme for International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) conducted by the OECD, Finland scored at or near the top in skills such as literacy, numeracy, and problem solving in technology-rich environments. This showcases how, over the course of several decades, Finland has ascended from one of the lower ranks in OECD studies to consistently performing among the top nations on international assessments like the PISA. Notably, the Finnish educational system appears to defy conventional expectations, with students starting school later, enjoying more recess, and having lighter homework loads while foregoing high-stakes standardized testing and private schooling. These practices have culminated in a robust system where equity and individual potential go hand in hand, producing highly competent adult learners as evidenced by the PIAAC results.
Parents are a large factor in how their children perceive their bodies.. true or false
Answer:
It's a TRUE statement.
Explanation:
Parents are the first human and social contact children have in their lives. The learnings and points of view the parents have would influence directly on the children's behavior, this includes their perception of the body. Boys must to be muscle, strong and dominant, and their bodies must reflect that. On the other hand, girls must be delicate. Once again, these answers are based on the traditional family ideal. So, parents have a crucial factor in children's behavior related to their bodies.
A rat in a Skinner box is reinforced with a food pellet only if the rat moves close to the lever. Next reinforcement is withheld until the rat stands on its hind legs, then until the rat touches the lever, and finally, until the rat presses the lever. This example best illustrates______
a.latent learning
b.shaping
c.modeling
d.generalization
Answer:
A
Explanation:
latent learning, through the repetition and step-by-step procedures.
Answer:
This example best illustrates shaping.
Explanation:
Shpaing is a strategy often used in operant conditioning. It aims to increase the appearance of a desired behavior, but instead of rewarding only when the desired behavior occurs, it reinforces every behavior that will eventually lead to the desired one.
In this case Skinner reinforced the rat every time it got closer to the behavior he wanted to see, which was to see it press the lever, and not just when it eventually pressed it. This strategy facilitates the learning process and is often used in different fields such as in animal training.