The wave mechanical model of the atom represents electrons as waveforms existing within regions (electrons clouds or orbitals) where they have a probability of being found, rather than precise orbits. It also explains electron energy levels and how electrons change energy states.
Explanation:The wave mechanical model of the atom, also known as the quantum mechanical model, is primarily required to explain the behavior of electrons within an atom. Unlike the more simplistic Bohr model, which treats electrons as particles moving in precise orbits, the wave mechanical model treats electrons as waveforms.
This model more accurately reflects how electrons do not have precise locations within an atom, but rather exist within areas called electron clouds or orbitals, where they have a higher probability of being found. These orbitals are the regions in an atom where electrons are likely to be found and can be visualized as fuzzy clouds surrounding the nucleus.
For instance, in the base state, electrons reside in the lowest possible energy level, or ground state. If energy is provided to the atom, such as through heat or light, electrons can move to a higher energy level, known as an excited state. When the electron returns to the ground state, it releases energy, often as light.
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The wave mechanical model of the atom allows for the probabilistic description of atomic structure, particularly the behavior of electrons. This model explains that electrons exhibit wave-particle duality and exist in an electron cloud around the nucleus. It is essential to understand chemical bonding, electron configuration, and atomic spectra.
Explanation:The wave mechanical model, or quantum model, of the atom, is fundamental in explaining the behaviors and characteristics of atoms, particularly the behavior of electrons. This model grew from the work of de Broglie and Heisenberg. De Broglie proposed that particles such as electrons can also have properties of waves - an idea known as wave-particle duality.
Building on this, Heisenberg introduced the uncertainty principle, asserting that it's impossible to precisely determine both the position and momentum of a particle at the same time. This led to the concept of an electron cloud, which is a probabilistic model of where an electron is likely to be at any given time. Schrödinger further expanded this with his wave equation, which could calculate the probable locations of electrons, these calculations are termed wavefunctions or orbitals.
Therefore, the quantum mechanical model illustrates the atom not as a mini solar system with well-defined orbits, but in terms of probability distributions with various shapes and orientations around the nucleus where the electron could be found. This model is required to describe atomic properties such as electron configuration, atomic spectra, and chemical bonding.
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Clouds that form at an elevation of 3 kilometers will
most likely be composed of
A) raindrops
B) ozone
C) ice crystals D) sleet
Answer:
C)
Explanation:
Because The air up 3 Kilometers is too cold for raindrops and sleet. plus ozone is in the stratosphere
Identify which subatomic particle match each descriptions
Answer:
The complete question is given below:
Explanation:
Identify which subatomic particle match each description:
1) Particles that have a relative charge of +1.
Proton have the relative charge of +1 .
2) Particles that have a relative charge of -1.
Electron have relative charge of -1.
3) Particles that have no charge.
Neutron have no charge. It is neutral.
4) Particles that are located in the nucleus of an atom.
The protons and neutrons both are present in the nucleus.
5) Particles that have a much lower mass than the other types of particles.
Proton and neutrons are present in the nucleus. The most mass of an atom present in nucleus while electrons are present out side the nucleus and have negligible mass as compared to neutron and proton.
Explnation:
electron:
The electron is subatomic particle that revolve around outside the nucleus and has negligible mass. It has a negative charge.
Symbol= e-
Mass= 9.10938356×10-31 Kg
It was discovered by j. j. Thomson in 1897 during the study of cathode ray properties.
He constructed the glass tube and create vacuum in it. He applied electric current between electrodes. He noticed that a ray of particles coming from cathode to wards positively charged anode. This ray was cathode ray.
Properties of cathode ray:
The ray is travel in straight line.
The cathode ray is independent of composition of cathode.
When electric field is applied cathode ray is deflected towards the positively charged plate.
Hence it was consist of negatively charged particles.
Proton and neutron:
While neutron and proton are present inside the nucleus. Proton has positive charge while neutron is electrically neutral. Proton is discovered by Rutherford while neutron is discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.
Symbol of proton= P+
Symbol of neutron= n0
Mass of proton=1.672623×10-27 Kg
Mass of neutron=1.674929×10-27 Kg
An atom consist of electron, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are present with in nucleus while the electrons are present out side the nucleus.
All these three subatomic particles construct an atom. A neutral atom have equal number of proton and electron. In other words we can say that negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude and cancel the each other. For example if neutral atom has 6 protons than it must have 6 electrons. The sum of neutrons and protons is the mass number of an atom while the number of protons are number of electrons is the atomic number of an atom.
If you have 100 g of radioactive isotope with a half-life of 10 years:
How much of the isotope will you have left after 10 years?
How much of the isotope will you have left after 20 years?
How many Half lives Will occur in 40 years?
#1. 50 g
#2. 25 g
#3. 4 half lives
Explanation:We are given;
Original mass of a radioisotope as 100 g Half life of the radioisotope as 10 yearsWe need to answer the questions:
#a. Mass remaining after 10 years
Using the formula;
Remaining mass = Original mass × 0.5^n , where n is the number of lives.
In this case, since the half life is 10 years then n is 1
Therefore;
Remaining mass = 100 g × 0.5^1
= 50 g
Therefore, 50 g of the isotope will remain after 10 years
#b. Mass of the isotope that will remain after 20 years
Remember the formula;
Remaining mass = Original mass × 0.5^n
n = Time ÷ half life
n = 20 years ÷ 10 years
= 2
Therefore;
Remaining mass = 100 g × 0.5^2
= 25 g
Thus, 25 g of the isotope will be left after 20 years
#3. Number of half lives in 40 years
1 half life = 10 years
But; n = time ÷ half life
= 40 years ÷ 10 years
= 4
Thus, the number of half lives in 40 years is 4.
Match the sequence number with the energy transformations from the water behind a hydroelectric dam to the lighting
of a light bulb.
1. rain falls, being trapped behind dams
2. energy transferred to home to power light bulb
3. turbines generate electrical energy
4. potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines
Answer:
1.heat evaporates water from oceans
2.rain falls, being trapped behind dams
3.potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines
4.turbines generate electrical energy
The sequence number with the energy transformations from the water behind a hydroelectric dam to the lighting of a light bulb is as follows:
1.Energy transferred to home to power light bulb
2.Rain falls, being trapped behind dams
3.Potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines
4.Turbines generate electrical energy
What is energy transformation ?The term energy transformation is define as the conversion of one form of energy into another form, or the movement of energy from one place to another place.
The energy is a quantity that provides the tendency to perform work or moving, or provides heat.
Thus, Energy transferred to home to power light bulb, rain falls, being trapped behind dams,potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines, turbines generate electrical energy.
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what is the formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization heat energy for fusion hrat energy for liquid
Answer:
Use the formula q = m·ΔHv in which q = heat energy, m = mass, and ΔHv = heat of vaporization.
Explanation:
:)
Final answer:
The formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization is heat = m × AHvap, and for fusion is heat = n × ΔΗfus. The heat energy for a liquid can be calculated using the equation q = mcAT.
Explanation:
The formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization is heat = m × AHvap, where m is the mass in grams and AHvap is expressed in energy/gram. The formula for the heat energy for fusion is heat = n × ΔΗfus, where n is the number of moles of material and ΔΗfus is the heat of fusion per mole. The heat energy for a liquid can be calculated using the equation q = mcAT, where q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the liquid, c is the specific heat capacity of the liquid, and AT is the change in temperature.
Which condition is a result of shaken baby syndrome?
a) deafness
b) autism
c) blindness
d) Down syndrome
Answer:
C. Blindness
Explanation:
Just took the test, hope I can help!
Shaken Baby Syndrome causes the death of many young children. Shaken infant syndrome survivors may need lifetime medical treatment for issues like Partial or complete blindness.
What is of shaken baby syndrome ?Developmental delays, academic difficulties, or behavioral concerns. intellectual handicap epilepsy diseases. Movement and muscle coordination are both impacted by cerebral palsy, a condition.
The brain and vision are severely injured by the shaken baby syndrome. Although retinal hemorrhages are very common, brain damage is more frequently the cause of vision loss. On presentation, the patient's pupillary response and visual response displayed a strong connection with survival.
This can happen when wounded nerve cells release chemicals that worsen your child's brain's lack of oxygen. Retinal bleeding: backward bleeding in your child's retinas
Thus, option C is correct.
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Atoms of different elements can combine chemically to form compounds. Which of the following elements would be most likely to form a compound bound tightly together with covalent bonding?
A. one sodium atom and one chlorine atom to form sodium chloride (NaCl)
B. two aluminum atoms with three oxygen atoms to form aluminum oxide (Al2O3)
C. four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom to form methane (CH4)
D. one magnesium atom and two bromine atoms to form magnesium bromide (MgBr2)
Answer: four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom to form methane (CH4)
Explanation: Study island
The elements most likely to form a covalent compound are four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom to form methane (CH4). For an ionic compound, lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride (LiF).
Atoms of different elements can combine chemically to form compounds, primarily through ionic or covalent bonding. The elements most likely to form a compound bound tightly together with covalent bonds are none other than non-metals which share electrons. The answer to the question 'Which of the following elements would be most likely to form a compound bound tightly together with covalent bonding?' is C, which involves four hydrogen atoms and one carbon atom forming methane (CH4). Methane is an example of a molecule formed with covalent bonds where the central carbon atom shares electrons with four hydrogen atoms.
Regarding which two elements could form an ionic compound, the answer would be C: 3 lithium and 9 fluorine. Lithium, being a metal, tends to lose electrons, while fluorine, a non-metal, has a tendency to gain electrons. This transfer of electrons from lithium to fluorine forms an ionic compound known as lithium fluoride (LiF).
Using a pulley system with a mechanical advantage of 15, how large and imput force would be needed to lift a piano weighing 345 N?
N =Fi
5175 Newtons
Explanation:We are given;
Mechanical advantage is 15 Output force is 345 NWe are required to calculate the work input;
We need to know that mechanical advantage is the ratio of output force to input force.That is, mechanical advantage = Output force ÷ input force Rearranging the formula;Input force =Output force ÷ Mechanical advantage
Therefore;Input force = 345 N × 15
= 5175 Newtons
Thus, the work input of a pulley system is 5175 N
How is a salt formed during a neutralization reaction?
A. A hydrogen ion reacts with a hydroxide ion.
B. An acid changes to a different state of matter.
C. A metal ion takes the place of the hydrogen of an acid.
D. The water molecule breaks into hydroxide and hydrogen ions.
Answer:
C. A metal ion takes the place of the hydrogen of an acid
Explanation:
When an acid react with base neutralization reaction take place.
During neutralization reaction water and salt are formed.
For example;
Base sodium hydroxide react with hydrochloric acid and form sodium chloride and water.
The sodium hydroxide consist of sodium metal ion in the form of Na⁺ and OH⁻. when it react with acid hydrogen atom of acid replace by sodium metal and react with anion of acid and form salt called sodium chloride.
Chemical equation:
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H₂O
A salt is formed during a neutralization reaction when a hydrogen ion from an acid reacts with a hydroxide ion from a base to produce water and a salt.
Explanation:During a neutralization reaction, a salt is formed when an acid and a base react chemically with each other. The correct answer to how a salt is formed is A: A hydrogen ion reacts with a hydroxide ion. This reaction typically produces water as well, following the general reaction: acid + base → water + salt. For example, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), they produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).
How does electronegativity affects the type of intramolecular bond that is formed between atoms
Answer:
If the electronegativity difference between bonded atoms are too much high ionic bonds are formed if the electronegativity diference is 0.4 or less than 0.4 non polar covalnet bond formed the difference greater than 0.4 polar covalent bond formed.
Explanation:
Ionic bond:
It is the bond which is formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to the atom of another element.
Both bonded atoms have very large electronegativity difference. The atom with large electronegativity value accept the electron from other with smaller value of electronegativity.
For example:
Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion.
Covalent bond:
It is formed by the sharing of electron pair between bonded atoms.
The atom with larger electronegativity attract the electron pair more towards it self and becomes partial negative while the other atom becomes partial positive.
For example:
In water the electronegativity of oxygen is 3.44 and hydrogen is 2.2. That's why electron pair attracted more towards oxygen, thus oxygen becomes partial negative and hydrogen becomes partial positive.
how many grams are in8.2×10^23 molecules of N2I6
Answer:
8.2x10^22 molecules ( 1 mol / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules ) ( 789.44 g / 1 mol ) = 107.50 grams N2I6
Explanation:
Henry divides 1.060 g by 1.0 mL to find the density of his water sample. How many significant figures should he include in the
density value that he reports?
Final answer:
The calculated density of the water sample should be reported with two significant figures, which is the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures used in the calculation (the volume in this case).
Explanation:
When determining the number of significant figures in a calculated density, you must look at the measurements used in the calculation. In this case, the mass of the water sample is given as 1.060 g which has four significant figures, and the volume is 1.0 mL which has two significant figures. According to the rules for significant figures, the number of significant figures in the result of a division should be the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures. Therefore, the density calculated should be reported with two significant figures.
Answers to all of these
Answer:
1. Percent composition of Al = 13.423 %
2.
Percent composition of Zn = 28.02 %Percent composition of Cl = 30.6 %Percent composition of O = 41.3 %3. The empirical formula is C₅O₁₆
4. Molecular Formula= P₄O₆
Explanation:
Part first :
Data Given
Formula of the Molecule = Al₂ (CrO₄)₃
% of Al₂ = ?
> First of all find the atomic masses of each component in a molecule
For Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ atomic masses are given below
Al = 27 g/mol
Cr = 52 g/mol
O = 16 g/mol
> Then find the total masses of each component
2 atoms of Al = 27 g/mol x 2
= 54 g/mol
3 atoms of Cr = 52 g/mol x 3
= 156 g/mol
12 atoms of O = 16 g/mol x 12
= 192 g/mol
> find total Molar Mass of Molecule:
Molar Mass of Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ = [27x2 + 52x3 + 16x12]
Molar Mass of Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ = 402
Now to find the mass percent of Al
Formula used to find the Mass percent of a component
Percent composition of Al = mass of Al in Molecula / molar mass of Al₂(CrO₄)₃ x 100%
Put the values
Percent composition of Al = 54 (g/mol) / 402 (g/mol) x 100%
Percent composition of Al = 13.423 %
_______________________________________
Part 2
Data Given
Formula of the Molecule = Zn(ClO₃)₂
% Zn = ?
% Cl = ?
% O = ?
> First of all find the atomic masses of each component in a molecule
For Zn(ClO₃)₂ atomic masses are given below
Zn = 65 g/mol
Cl = 35.5 g/mol
O = 16 g/mol
> Then find the total masses of each component
1 atoms of Zn= 65 g/mol x 1
= 65 g/mol
2 atoms of Cl = 35.5 g/mol x
= 71 g/mol
6 atoms of O = 16 g/mol x 6
= 96 g/mol
> find total Molar Mass of Molecule:
Molar Mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ = [65x1 + 35.5x2 + 16x6]
Molar Mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ = 232g/mol
Now to find the mass percent of of each component one by one
1. Formula used to find the mass percent of Zn
Percent composition of Zn= mass of Zn in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%
Put the values
Percent composition of Zn = 65(g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%
Percent composition of Zn = 28.02 %
-------------------
2. Formula used to find the mass percent of Cl
Percent composition of Cl = mass of Cl in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%
Put the values
Percent composition of Cl = 71 (g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%
Percent composition of Cl = 30.6 %
---------------------
3. Formula used to find the mass percent of O
Percent composition of O = mass of O in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%
Put the values
Percent composition of O = 96 (g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%
Percent composition of O = 41.3 %
________________________________________
Part 3:
Data Given
Percentage of C = 27.3 %
Percentage of O = 72.7 %
Emperical Formula of the compound = ?
Solution:
So the compound has 27.3 % C and 72% O
First, find the mass of each of the elements in 100 g of the Compound.
C = 27.3 g
O = 72 g
Now find how many moles are there for each element in 100 g of compound
For this molar mass are required
That is
C = 12 g/mol
O = 16 g/mol
Formula Used
mole of C = mass of C / Molar mass of C
mole of C = 27.3 / 12 g/mol
mole of C = 2.275
Formula Used
mole of O = mass of O / Molar mass of O
mole of O = 72g / 16 g/mol
mole of O = 7.2
Divide each one by the smallest number of moles
C = 2.275 / 2.275
C = 1
O = 7.2 / 2.275
O = 3.2
Multiply the mole fraction to a number to get the whole number.
C = 1 x 5 = 5
O = 3.2 x 5 = 16
So, the empirical formula is C₅O₁₆
______________________________________
Part 4
Data Given
Percentage of P= 56.38 %
Percentage of O = 43.62%
Molar Mass = 219.9g
Molecular Formula of the compound = ?
Solution:
First, find the mass of each of the elements in 100 g of the Compound.
Mass of P= 56.38g
Mass of O = 43.62g
Now find how many moles are there for each element in 100 g of compound
find the moles in total compounds
Formula Used
mole of P = mass of / Molar mass of P
mole of P = 56.38 g / 31 g/mol
mole of P = 1.818
Formula Used
mole of O = mass of O / Molar mass of O
mole of O = 43. 62 / 16 g/mol
mole of O = 2.7262
Now
first find the Emperical formula
Divide each one by the smallest number of moles
P = 1.818 /1.818
P= 1
for oxygen
O = 2.7262 / 1.818
O = 1.5
Multiply the mole fraction to a number to get the whole number.
P = 1 x 2 = 2
O = 1.5 x 2 = 3
So, the empirical formula is P₂O₃
Now
Find molar mass of the empirical formula P₂O₃
2 (31) + 3 (16) = 62 + 48 = 110
Now find that how many empirical units are in a molecular unit.
(219.9 g/mol) / ( 110 g/mol) = empirical units per molecular unit
empirical units per molecular unit = 1.999 =2
A here we get two empirical units in a molecular unit,
So the molecular formula is:
2 (P₂O₃) = P₄O₆
If the temperature of a gas is raised from 30°C to 60°C, what happens to the pressure?
The pressure increases by 10% of the original pressure
Thus the new pressure is 1.1 times the original pressure.
Explanation:We are given;
Initial temperature as 30°C, but K = °C + 273.15Thus, Initial temperature, T1 =303.15 KFinal temperature, T2 is 333.15 KWe are required to state what happens to the pressure;
We are going to base our arguments to Pressure law;According to pressure law, the pressure of a gas and its temperature are directly proportional at a constant volumeThat is; P α TTherefore, at varying pressure and temperature[tex]\frac{P1}{T1}=\frac{P2}{T2}[/tex]
Assuming the initial pressure, P1 is P
Rearranging the formula;
[tex]P2=\frac{P1T2}{T1}[/tex]
[tex]P2=\frac{(P)(333.15K)}{303.15K}[/tex]
[tex]P2 = 1.099P[/tex]
= 1.10 P
The new pressure becomes 1.10P
This means the pressure has increased by 10%
We can conclude that, the new pressure will be 1.1 times the original pressure.
A typical deposit of cholesterol,C27H460,in an artery has a mass of 3.90mg.how many molecules of cholesterol are present in this deposit?
Answer:
6.074 X 10¹⁸ molecules.
Explanation:
Molecular mass(MM) of this compound C₂₇H₄₆O
= 27*(MM of C) + 46*(MM of H) + (MM of O)
= 27*(12.0107) + 46* (1.00784) + (15.999)
= 324.2889 + 46.36064 + 15.999
=386.64854 g
The mass of a mole of any compound is called it's molar mass. 1 molar mass has 6.022 X 10²³, or Avogadro's number, C₂₇H₄₆O molecules.
If 386.64854 g of C₂₇H₄₆O has 6.022 X 10²³ molecules of cholesterol, then
3.9mg or 0.0039g of C₂₇H₄₆O will have how many molecules?..
Using unitary method:
Number of molecules = [tex]\frac{0.0039 * 6.022 *10^{23} }{386.64854}[/tex]
= 6.074 X 10¹⁸ molecules.
HELP PLEASE ?!??? I would appreciate it
Answer:
Explanation:
1) How much would 1.34 moles of carbon weigh?
Given data:
Moles of carbon = 1.34 mol
Mass of carbon = ?
Solution:
Formula:
Molar mass of carbon = 12 g/mol
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Mass = moles × molar mass
Mass = 1.34 mol × 12 g/mol
Mass = 16.08 g
So 1.34 moles of carbon have 16.08 g mass.
2) How many moles of magnesium in 24.32 g?
Given data:
Mass of magnesium = 24.32 g
Moles of magnesium = ?
Solution:
Molar mass of magnesium = 24.305 g/mol
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = 24.32 g/24.305 g/mol
Number of moles = 1 mol
Thus 24.32 g of magnesium have one mole of Mg.
3) How many atoms of lithium in 4.00 g of lithium?
Given data:
Mass of lithium = 4 g
Atoms of lithium = ?
Solution:
The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.
It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.
The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.
Moles of lithium:
Number of moles = mass/molar mass
Number of moles = 4 g / 6.9 g/mol
Number of moles = 0.6 mol
1 mole = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms
0.6 mol × 6.022 × 10²³ atoms / 1 mol = 3.6 × 10²³ atoms
4) How much would 4.45 ×10²² atoms of U weigh?
Given data:
Number of atoms of uranium = 4.45 ×10²² atoms
Mass of uranium = ?
Solution:
one mole = 6.022 × 10²³ atoms
4.45 ×10²² atoms × 1 mol / 6.022 × 10²³ atoms
0.74 ×10⁻¹ mol
0.074 mol
Mass of uranium:
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
Mass = 0.074 mol × 238 g/mol
Mass = 17.6 g
Assign oxidation numbers to the following
Li3PO4
SO3 2-
Cr2s3
NO3-
You may find bellow the assignment of the oxidation number for each atom.
Explanation:
Li₃PO₄
Li have the oxidation number +1
P have the oxidation number +5
O have the oxidation number -2
SO₃²⁻
S have the oxidation number +4
O have the oxidation number -2
Cr₂S₃
Cr have the oxidation number +3
S have the oxidation number -2
NO₃⁻
N have the oxidation number +5
O have the oxidation number -2
Learn more about:
oxidation number
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Calculate the molarity of sodium chloride in a half-normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl). The molar mass of NaCl
is 58.44 g/mol
Answer:
0.077 M
Explanation:
Molarity is the representation of the solution.
Molarity:
It is amount of solute in moles per liter of solution and represented by M
Formula used for Molarity
M = moles of solute / Liter of solution . . . . . . . . . . (1)
Data Given :
The concentration of half normal (NaCl) saline = 0.45g / 100 g
So,
Volume of Solution = 100 g = 100 mL
Volume of Solution in L = 100 mL / 1000
Volume of Solution = 0.1 L
molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol
Now to find number of moles of Nacl
no. of moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass
no. of moles of NaCl = 0.45g / 58.44 g/mol
no. of moles of NaCl = 0.0077 g
Put values in the eq (1)
M = moles of solute / Liter of solution . . . . . . . . . . (1)
M = 0.0077 g / 0.1 L
M = 0.077 M
So the molarity of half-normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl) = 0.077 M
A drag racing vehicle travels from 0 to 100 mph in 5 seconds north.what is the acceleration
100mph = 100m/h
= 100m/h * 1 h/3600sec
= 0.028m/sec
= 0.028m/sec /5sec
= 0.055m/sec^2
3 Consider the reaction :
Na + 3 H₂ ____2NH₂
suppose that at a particular moment during the reaction, molecular hydrogen
is reacting at the rate of 0,074 m/s a) At what rate is ammonia being formed? b) At
what is molecular nitrogen reacting
Answer:
(a) The rate at which ammonia being formed = 0.0493 M/s
(b) The rate at which molecular nitrogen reacting = 0.0247 M/s
Explanation:
[tex]N_{2}+3H_{2}\longrightarrow2NH_{3}[/tex]
The rate at which molecular hydrogen is reacting = [tex]\frac{d}{dt}[H_{2}]=0.074\:M/s[/tex]
The rate of the above reaction can be expressed as:
[tex]rate=-\frac{d}{dt}[N_{2}]=-\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{dt}[H_{2}]=\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt}[NH_{3}][/tex]
(a) [tex]\frac{d}{dt}[NH_{3}]=\frac{2}{3}(0.074)=0.0493[/tex]
The rate at which ammonia being formed = 0.0493 M/s
(b) [tex]-\frac{d}{dt}[N_{2}]=\frac{1}{3}(0.074)=0.0247[/tex]
The rate at which molecular nitrogen reacting = 0.0247 M/s
If 25 mL of KOH were needed to neutralize 15 mL of 3.5 M HBr, calculate the molarity of the base
Answer:
2.1 M KOH is required.
Explanation:
It is an example of acid-base neutralization reaction.
KOH + HBr ----> KBr + [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]
Base Acid Salt
When two component react then the number of moles of both the component should be same, therefore the number of moles and acids and bases should be the same in the following .
Molarity= [tex]\frac{\textrm{No. of moles}}{\textrm{Volume of the particular solution}}[/tex]
No.of moles= Molarity × Volume of the Particular Solution
Therefore,
[tex]M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]------------------------------(1)
where
[tex]M_{1}[/tex]= Molarity of Acid
[tex]V_{1}[/tex]= Volume of Acid
[tex]M_{2}[/tex]= Molarity of Base
[tex]V_{2}[/tex]= Volume of Base
[tex]M_{1}[/tex]=3.5 M
[tex]V_{1}[/tex]=15 mL
[tex]V_{2}[/tex]=25 mL
[tex]M_{2}[/tex]=??(in M)
Plugging in Equation 1,
3.5 × 15 = [tex]M_{2} [/tex] × 25
[tex]M_{2} [/tex]=[tex]\frac{3.5 * 15}{25}[/tex]
[tex]M_{2} [/tex]=2.1 M
One city is located north of the equator and experiences average rainfall and warm temperatures. Another city is located exactly the same distance from the equator, but south. How will these two climate areas be the same or different?
Cities located the same distance from the equator, one north and one south, will have similar climates in terms of temperature and average rainfall, due to the similar amount of sunlight they receive. However, their seasons will be inverted, as when it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it will be winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.
Explanation:Your question inquires about how the climates of two cities would compare if they were equidistant from the equator, one being to the north and the other to the south. The climates of these two cities would be similar because they're situated at the same distance from the equator. The equator receives an equal amount of sunshine throughout the year, contributing to relatively stable, warm temperatures. However, their seasons might differ due to the tilting of the earth's axis causing variations in the intensity of solar radiation at different times of the year in both hemispheres.
A region's long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions are referred to as its "climate." This includes regular seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. However, the timing and nature of these seasons may differ between the northern and southern hemispheres. Where the Northern Hemisphere experiences summer, the Southern Hemisphere experiences winter, and vice versa.
Therefore, although the two cities might experience similar average rainfall and temperatures due to their similar distances from the equator, the timings of their seasons would be inverted.
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Agl + Fe2(CO3)3 —>
Predict the products
Balance the equation
State what type of reaction
Answer:
1) Iron iodide and silver carbonate.
2) 6AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → 2FeI₃ + 3Ag₂CO₃
3) double displacement reaction
Explanation:
Chemical equation:
AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → FeI₃ + Ag₂CO₃
Balanced chemical equation:
6AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → 2FeI₃ + 3Ag₂CO₃
The given reaction is double displacement reaction. The cation and anion of both reactants are interchanged and form iron iodide and silver carbonate.
Double replacement:
It is the reaction in which two compound exchange their ions and form new compounds.
AB + CD → AC +BD
How much energy in (kJ) is required to decompose 14.7 g of CaCO3.
CaCO3(s) + 556 kJ > CaO(s) + CO2(g)
Answer:
81.732KJ
Explanation:
Reaction : CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g), +556KJ
⇒To decompose 1 mole of CaCO₃, 556KJ of energy is required
The molecular weight of CaCO₃ is 40 + 12 + 3×16
⇒ molecular weight of CaCO₃ = 100 g
∴ 100 g of CaCO₃ requires 556KJ of energy
Need to find out how much energy is required by 14.7 g of CaCO₃
⇒ [tex]\frac{100}{14.7}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{556}{E}[/tex]
⇒ E = [tex]\frac{556}{100}[/tex]×14.7 KJ = 81.732 KJ
∴ Energy required to decompose 14.7 g of CaCO₃ is 81.732 KJ
Answer:
81.732 kilo Joules of energy is required to decompose 14.7 grams of calcium carbonate.
Explanation:
Moles of calcium carbonate = [tex]\frac{14.7 g}{100 g/mol}=0.147 mol[/tex]
[tex]CaCO_3(s) + 556 kJ\rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)[/tex]
According to reaction, 1 mole of calcium carbonate requires 556 kilo Joules of energy to decompose:
Then 0.147 moles of calcium carbonate will need:
[tex]0.147 \times 556 kJ=81.732 kJ[/tex]
81.732 kilo Joules of energy is required to decompose 14.7 grams of calcium carbonate.
Draw the structures for the following compounds:
2-methylpropane
Structure of 2-methylpropane is CH₃─CH(CH₃)─CH₃.
to draw the structure of 2-methylpropane.
To draw the structure of 2-methylpropane:
1. Start with a propane backbone, which consists of a chain of three carbon atoms.
2. Identify the position of the methyl (CH₃) group at the second carbon atom in the chain.
3. Attach the methyl group to the second carbon atom to represent 2-methylpropane.
By following these steps, you can accurately draw the structure of 2-methylpropane.
Which choice below correctly completes the sentence? _______ reaches the Earth's surface through _______, then turns into _______. A. Magma; earthquakes; lava B. Lava; earthquakes; magma C. Lava; volcanoes; magma D. Magma; volcanoes; lava
Answer:
d , before the molten rock becomes lava, it is first magma, and most people know that lava is ejected from volcanoes
Magma reaches the Earth's surface through volcanoes, then turns into lava. The correct option is option D among all the given options.
What is volcanoes?A volcano is a crack inside this crust of a planet, including such Earth, that permits hot lava, volcanism, as well as gases to emerge from such a magma chamber under the surface.
Volcanoes are most commonly located where tectonic plates either diverging or converging on Earth, and the majority are found underwater. For example, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge. Magma reaches the Earth's surface through volcanoes, then turns into lava.
Therefore, magma reaches the Earth's surface through volcanoes, then turns into lava. The correct option is option D among all the given options.
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Which of the following are spectator ions in the reaction shown?
Answer:
NO₃⁻(aq) and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions.
Explanation:
Chemical equation:
AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)
Balanced Chemical equation:
AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)
Ionic equation:
Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)
Net ionic equation:
Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq) → AgCl(s)
The NO₃⁻(aq) and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The AgCl can not be splitted into ions because it is present in solid form.
Spectator ions:
These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.
Volume is the quantity of two-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
Some headache medicines are fine powders that are dissolved in water and then ingested. These medicines claim they work faster than other medicines. Could this be true? Why or Why not?
A. False: Chemicals react at the same rate in the body, as determined by body temperature.
B. False: These would actually slow the reaction because it would become less concentrated
C. True: A Solid will react quicker in the liquid environment of the stomach than a gas or liquid
D. True: A fine powder dissolves quickly, this solution can more quickly be absorbed and begin working
A fine powder dissolves quickly, this solution can more quickly be absorbed and begin working. Therefore, the correct option is option D.
What is dissolution?The term "dissolution" refers to the action of dissolving or creating a solution. When a solute dissolves, it splits into atoms or molecules, with molecules of the solvent surrounding each ion or molecule. Solvation is the term used to describe interactions between solvent molecules and solute particle.
Solutes are the other elements of the solution that are present at comparatively lower concentrations. Several headache medications are consumed after being dissolved in water from fine powders. These drugs assert that they function more quickly than other drugs. This is true as a fine powder dissolves quickly, this solution can more quickly be absorbed and begin working.
Therefore, the correct option is option D.
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SO
25
7.) A syringe initially holds a sample of gas with a volume of 285 mL at 355 K and 1.88 atm. To
what temperature must the gas in the syringe be heated/cooled in order to have a volume of 435
mL at 2.50 atm?
A) 139 K
B) 572 K
C) 175 K
D) 466 K
E) 721 K
8.) What mass of NO2 is contained in a 13.0 L tank at 4.58 atm and 385 K?
A) 18.8 g
B) 86.7 g
C) 24.4 g
D) 53.1 g
E) 69.2 g
Answer:
[tex]\large \boxed{\text{E) 721 K; B) 86.7 g}}[/tex]
Explanation:
Question 7.
We can use the Combined Gas Laws to solve this question.
a) Data
p₁ = 1.88 atm; p₂ = 2.50 atm
V₁ = 285 mL; V₂ = 435 mL
T₁ = 355 K; T₂ = ?
b) Calculation
[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}\dfrac{p_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}& =&\dfrac{p_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}\\\\\dfrac{1.88\times285}{355} &= &\dfrac{2.50\times 435}{T_{2}}\\\\1.509& = &\dfrac{1088}{T_{2}}\\\\1.509T_{2} & = & 1088\\T_{2} & = & \dfrac{1088}{1.509}\\\\ & = & \textbf{721K}\\\end{array}\\\text{The gas must be heated to $\large \boxed{\textbf{721 K}}$}[/tex]
Question 8. I
We can use the Ideal Gas Law to solve this question.
pV = nRT
n = m/M
pV = (m/M)RT = mRT/M
a) Data:
p = 4.58 atm
V = 13.0 L
R = 0.082 06 L·atm·K⁻¹mol⁻¹
T = 385 K
M = 46.01 g/mol
(b) Calculation
[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}pV & = & \dfrac{mRT}{M}\\\\4.58 \times 13.0 & = & \dfrac{m\times 0.08206\times 385}{46.01}\\\\59.54 & = & 0.6867m\\m & = & \dfrac{59.54}{0.6867 }\\\\ & = & \textbf{86.7 g}\\\end{array}\\\text{The mass of NO$_{2}$ is $\large \boxed{\textbf{86.7 g}}$}[/tex]