In cells, the vacuole is the organelle in which different substances or solutions are stored, this includes wastes, water, food, and even solids that the cell does not require because they are waste and therefore might contaminate the cell or substances the cell store to be used later.
Answer: vacuole
Explanation:
Discuss the three theoretical models which describes structure of the DNA and describe the semi conservative replication of the DNA double helix structure. Furthermore, explain the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replication
Answer:
Three theoretical models for the replication of DNA had been proposed in the past. Out of these, the method of semi-conservative replication is most widely accepted.
Conservative replication: In this method, no DNA unwinding takes place. The parent DNA gives rise to daughter DNA.
Dispersive Method: In this method, the chains in the DNA molecule break and recombination occurs randomly. The daughter and parent strands will have segments of recombinant DNA.
Semi- conservative: In this method, the two strands of the double helix unwind. Each strand acts as a template for the synthesis of a new strand.
DNA replication is more complex in eukaryotes as compared to prokaryotes. Prokaryotes have a single point of origin from where the replication begins. Eukaryotes have multiple points of origin. Eukaryotic cells have a unidirectional method of replication whereas prokaryotes do not. Prokaryotes just have two polymerases whereas eukaryotes have more than four. The replication rate is faster in prokaryotes.
Explain how energy moves from one organism to another?
When a rabbit eats grass, energy moves from the grass to the rabbit.
When a rabbit eats grass, energy moves from the rabbit to grass.
When a rabbit eats grass, energy is transferred to the soil.
When a rabbit eats grass, energy is released into the air.
According to the Endosymbiotic Theory, infoldings in the cell membrane of an ancestral prokaryotic cell gave rise to endomembrane components, including the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus in what would become eukaryotic cells. The evolution of endomembrane components provided for compartmentalization in eukaryotes, leading to more efficiency in cell processes. The endomembrane system includes the endoplasmic reticulum. Which statement does NOT describe the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?
A) The ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope.
B) The ER serves as a transport network for the proteins produced in its membrane.
C) The ER provides separate microenvironments for each of the modifications that must take place to proteins.
D) The ER serves a role in protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage
Explanation:
False: C) The ER provides separate microenvironments for each of the modifications that must take place to proteins.
The golgi apparatus comprised of several components called cisternae, these function as different microenvironments, where further modification proteins and lipids into functional biomolecules occurs.
During protein synthesis, transcription occurs in the nucleus, followed by translation within ribosomes, the newly synthesized proteins enter endoplasmic reticulum where they undergo folding and modification. Within the golgi body, the proteins are tagged and parceled into lysosomes for export.
Further Explanation:
The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane system within the cytoplasm that extends from the outer nuclear membrane. Apart from increasing the surface area within the cell, this continuous system also carries out protein folding, synthesis and transport. In the endoplasmic reticulum or ER, some sections called the smooth ER, do not contain ribosomes, and may contain lipids, enzymes, and other proteins. Other sections bound to ribosomes, are called the rough Er. As a protein destined for the endomembrane system is being synthesized by a ribosome, the first amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain act as a signal sequence. That signal sequence ensures that the ribosome binds to the outer membrane of the ER and that the protein enters the ER lumen. The proteins undergo major modifications and are packed into vesicles.
Golgi bodies are flat, disk-like membranous regions. Proteins traverse the organelle by first having their vesicles bind to the cis face or receiving end. Like a post office, the golgi complex, or golgi body recognizes specific signal sequences, targets and further modifies and packages these compounds into lysosomes for delivery to their final destination. Proteins here undergo peptide processing and glycosylation
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All the options are accurate descriptions of the endoplasmic reticulum, a key cellular organelle. They encompass its relationship with the nuclear envelope, its role in protein transport, its provision of separate microenvironments for protein modifications, and its multiple functions including protein folding and synthesis of lipids, steroids, and carbohydrates.
Explanation:All the given statements accurately portray the role and structure of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), with no incorrect descriptions. Here's why - option A) explains that the ER is an extension of the nuclear envelope, which is correct. Option B) states that the ER serves as a transport network for proteins produced in its membrane, which aligns with the fact that the ER helps in the transport of proteins to their destination inside or outside the cell. Option C) highlights the role of ER in providing separate microenvironments, which reflects ER's role in facilitating different modifications to proteins in distinct regions. Finally, option D) describes the ER's functions including protein folding, lipid and steroid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and calcium storage, all of which are recognized functions of the ER.
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An endurance runner begins experiencing muscle soreness towards the end of a long race.
Explain, in detail, what is happening in her muscle cells. Your answer should include the
molecule(s) that are missing, how this is altering cell respiration, and what the cause of
her soreness is.
Answer and Explanation:
The cells of the runner respire through anaerobic respiration due to inadequate oxygen leading to formation of lactic acid. Under these conditions lactic acid accumulates in the muscles which might cause fatigue and result in muscle soreness and cramps. Lack of enough oxygen makes the cells to respire anaerobically altering cell respiration.
Final answer:
During intense exercises like a long race, endurance runners' muscles switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration, producing ATP via lactic acid fermentation. The accumulation of lactic acid can cause immediate muscle fatigue and soreness.
Explanation:
During a long race, an endurance runner's muscle cells start to experience an intense demand for ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), the molecule required for muscle contraction. Initially, ATP is produced via aerobic respiration, a process that efficiently generates ATP but requires oxygen.
As the race progresses, the oxygen supply to the muscles may not keep pace with demand, and the muscles switch to anaerobic respiration, specifically lactic acid fermentation, to meet their energy needs.
This process does not require oxygen and can produce ATP quickly, albeit less efficiently than aerobic respiration. One of the byproducts of lactic acid fermentation is lactic acid.
The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cells can lead to a decrease in pH (increasing acidity), which can impair muscle function and contribute to the sensation of muscle fatigue and soreness during and immediately after intense exercise.
The atomic mass of an element whose atoms consist of eight protons, nine neutrons, and eight electrons is
(Ignore the periodic table entry for this element and only consider what the atomic mass would be given the number of
subatomic particles in this question).
Answer:
The atomic mass is: 17
Explanation:
The atomic mass of a compound is calculated as the sum of protons and neutrons. In this case:
Atomic mass = protons + neutrons = 8 + 9 = 17.
Atoms with the same atomic number (Z) but different atomic mass (A) are called isotopes, that is, they differ in the number of neutrons. Example: Hydrogen, Titrio and Deuterium.
Answer:
The atomic mass is 17
Explanation:
are the hind legs of whales vestigial?
Answer: Whales have vestigial legs. This suggests they ______.
ody ssey graded correct C. descended from land animals
Explanation:
Yes. This ody ssey biology unit states that whales HAVE vestigial legs.
And that comparative embryology shows whales have leg buds which recede into the body before birth because scientists believe whales evolved more closely from land mammals and not fish. *like human embryonic tails that grow into the coccyx/tailbone.
You have learned in class that changing the pH or temperature of the environment can denature an enzyme. When an enzyme
is denatured, it's shape changes, preventing it from forming an enzyme-substrate complex and slowing the reaction or even
causing it to stop. Your group is curious about what might denature catalase. What would be the most appropriate hypothesis to
use if you wanted to test conditions that could denature catalase?
If the amount of liver is increased, then the reaction rate will increase
If the hydrogen peroxide is warmed, then the rate of the reaction will
increase
If the liver is placed in an acidic solution, then the reaction rate will
decrease
If the concentration of hydrogen peroxide is decreased, then the reaction
rate will decrease
Answer:
If the liver is placed in an acidic solution, then the reaction rate will decrease.
Answer:
The correct answer is "If the liver is placed in an acidic solution, then the reaction rate will decrease".
Explanation:
Enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions and are active at specific environmental conditions. One important condition is the pH, where each enzyme work best at a specific pH. In the case of the enzyme catalase, if the liver is place in an acidic solution, then the reaction rate of the enzyme will decrease. At acidic conditions catalase will start to denature, which will affect its activity and will slow down the reaction rate of the enzyme.
How does water affect metamorphic processes?
A. It decreases the rate at which metamorphic reactions take place.
B. It prevents the transfer of ions between and within minerals.
C. It stops elements from moving around within Earth's crust.
D. It can have elevated concentrations of dissolved substances.
Answer:
it can have elevated concentrations of dissolved substances
Explanation:
Water is widely regarded as a universals solvent. During a metamorphic process, the presence of fluids most especially water cannot be over emphasized.
Water in metamorphic processes helps to concentrate dissolve materials and moves them from one point to another within the crust. By so doing, water helps to facilitate the rate at which the reaction and transformation occurs. Water available for metamorphic processes usually have elevated temperature, this would further aid to catalyze the transformation work on the rock.
Water plays nearly the same role as pressure and temperature in a metamorphic reaction. It serves as the mobile unit to move materials from one point to the to another. The water concentrates the dissolve materials that comes in contact with it and utilizes it to further produce new metamorphic minerals. Generally, fluids allow for better mobility.
The correct option is D. It can have elevated concentrations of dissolved substances.
Water in metamorphic processes facilitates the transfer of ions between and within minerals, speeding up metamorphic reactions.
It also allows for the transportation of ions from one place to another, crucial in hydrothermal processes and mineral deposit formation.Hot water can have elevated concentrations of dissolved substances, aiding in moving elements within Earth's crust. The presence of water is essential for hydrothermal metamorphism, where chemically reactive fluids play a significant role in altering mineral compositions.In a monohybrid cross, if the gene for tall (T) plants was incompletely dominant over the gene for short (t) plants, what would be the predicted result of crossing an intermediate (Tt) plant with a tall (TT) plant? (Hint: You may want to complete a Punnett square.)
Answer:
T t
T TT Tt
T TT Tt
The punnet square shows that there will be a 50% chance that the offsrpings will have tall height and there is a 50% chance that the offsprings will have intermediate height.
Incomplete dominance can be described as a phenomenon in which the dominant trait is not completely dominant over a recessive trait. As a result, the organisms shows both the traits of the dominant and the recessive allele.
Based on the data in the table, the students can conclude that which substance is hypertonic? A) vinegar B) salt water C) Kayro syrup D) distilled water
Salt water is considered as hypertonic solution.
What do you mean by hypertonic solution?A solution will be hypertonic to a cell if its solute concentration is higher than that inside the cell, and the solutes cannot cross the membrane.
Hypertonic solutions have a higher concentration of dissolved particles than blood. An example of hypertonic IV solution is 3% Normal Saline (3% NaCl).
Hypertonic Saline is a prescription medicine used to treat the symptoms of electrolyte and fluid replenisher used as a source of water and electrolytes. Hypertonic Saline may be used alone or with other medications.
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Molten materials cool at different rates. Which property of a mineral does this affect?
color
luster
crystal size
crystal shape
Answer:
The correct aswer is crystal size.
Explanation:
Cooling rate affects to the size of the crystal formed by cooling a molten material. A fast cooling produces small crystals whereas slow cooling produces large crystals. At a slow cooling rate, crystals have more time to grow and therefore they are larger than those are formed at a fast cooling rate.
Answer:
Crystal Size Is correct
Explanation:
Edg. 2020
Explain why plants along the road often die after the road is sprayed with a salt solution to melt ice
Explanation:
The salt solution is meant to lower the ice melting point hence keep most of the water from turning into ice even at zero degrees temperatures. The salts are dissolved in the water to form a salty solution that percolates the ground and reach plant roots. Because the salty water is hypertonic (more concentrated) to the cell cytoplasm of the plant roots, water is drawn from the plant by osmosis. This is the reversal of normal plant root absorption of water from the soil. This causes the plant root to wither and subsequently the whole plant to die. Remember in osmosis, water moves from the less concentrated solution to the more concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane.
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Which quality makes Earth particularly well-suited to support life? Apex
The position of the earth relative to the sun, its atmosphere, and the huge amount of water make the Earth particularly well-suited to support life.
Why is the earth is perfect for life?The distance between the earth and the sun is perfectly managed that it is not close enough to be burnt by the sun's heat or not too far to get the fraction of light in a year.The atmosphere of the earth is so thick and contains oxygen which is very important for life.The earth has enough water that help life to grow and thrive.Therefore, the position of the earth relative to the sun, its atmosphere, and the huge amount of water make the Earth particularly well-suited to support life.
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What must be done to ensure DNA made is a laboratory is radioactive
Answer:
Incorporating radioactive nucleotide must be done to ensure DNA made is a laboratory is radioactive
Explanation:
Radioactive nucleotide are generally used in the detection of some specific nucleic acid series. These are the typically incorporated inside the DNA and RNA series for detection as well as analysis. These nucleotide involves radioactive phosphates, digoxygenin, biotin, fluorophores and enzymes. It was first used in 1935 by George de Hevesy. P32 and S35 labelled as the nucleic probes and now the phosphates is being in large use. Hydrogen can also be used in-situ hybridisation which gives greater resolution and less sensitive in long exposure.
Incorporating radioactive nucleotides
show a diagram of how ions are formed when a sodium atom comes into close
contact with a chlorine atom.
Answer:
The diagram is attached below.
Explanation:
when sodium and chlorine comes close together they form anion and cation. The compound formed is called sodium chloride.
Both atoms bonded together through ionic bond.
Ionic bond:
It is the bond which is formed by the transfer of electron from one atom to the atom of another element.
Both bonded atoms have very large electronegativity difference. The atom with large electronegativity value accept the electron from other with smaller value of electronegativity.
For example:
Sodium chloride is ionic compound. The electronegativity of chlorine is 3.16 and for sodium is 0.93. There is large difference is present. That's why electron from sodium is transfer to the chlorine. Sodium becomes positive and chlorine becomes negative ion.
When sodium atom comes close proximity to a chlorine atom it looses an electron to form Na^+ while chlorine atom gains an electron to form Cl^-.
An ionic compound is formed when electron(s) is/are transferred from a metal to a non metal. This leads to the formation of a cation (positively charged ion) and an anion (negatively charged ion). The both are kept together by electrostatic interaction between the ions involved to give an ion pair.
Sodium and chlorine form the ionic compound sodium chloride. The compound is formed when a sodium atom approaches a chlorine atom and looses its outermost electron to chlorine as shown in the image attached to this answer. When this occurs, sodium ions and chloride ions are formed as shown.
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The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their a ring-shaped sugars. b nitrogen-containing bases. c hydrogen bonds. d phosphate groups.
b) nitrogen-containing bases
Hope this helps!
The four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their nitrogen-containing bases. So, the correct option is B.
What are Nucleotides?Nucleotides are defined as organic molecules consisting of nucleosides and phosphates that serve as monomeric units of nucleic acid polymers – deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid, both of which are essential biomolecules within all life-forms on Earth.
A nucleotide is made up of a sugar that is found in DNA, deoxyribose, a phosphate group and one of the four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) or cytosine (C). The C and T bases, which have only one ring, are called pyrimidines, while the A and G bases, which have two rings, are called purines.
Thus, the four types of nucleotides that make up DNA are named for their nitrogen-containing bases. So, the correct option is B.
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This assessment is a presentation on photosynthesis and cellular respiration. Your presentation should include the following:
1. Detailed descriptions of what happens to the carbon atom:
a. during photosynthesis (the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions)
b. transitioning between photosynthesis and respiration
c. during cellular respiration or fermentation
2. An explanation of how the carbon atom is transferred between molecules. Please include descriptions of the molecules involved in each of the processes above and be sure to mention the movement of electrons and energy as the carbon atom moves from one reaction to another.
3. Complete sentences should be used in all written descriptions and explanations.
The carbon dioxide molecule (CO2) is split into carbon and oxygen during this transition. Some of the oxygen is released and the carbon molecules are mixed with water creating H2O. If you create an equation for the reaction between carbon and water you will see that the product is glucose. Therefore, plants make their food(glucose) from photosynthesis, and release oxygen.
In cellular respiration the carbon atom is split into two pyruvate molecules during glyoclysis. Then, the pyruvate is made into acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA is oxidized in the citric acid cycle to make two molecules of CO2 per cycle. In fermentation glucose, after turning into 2 pyruvate molecules, is converted into a waste product so it can create NAD+ for glycolysis.
How carbon reacts during photosynthesis(light-dependent reaction)
In the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis it converts light energy into chemical energy, producing ATP and NADPH. ATP and NADPH are both used for the light-independent reactions. This reaction occurs in the stacked thylakoids of the chloroplasts.
What happens to the carbon atom during cellular respiration & fermentation?
Photosynthesis
Carbon transferred between molecules
Carbon atoms movement between molecules
Cellular Respiration & Fermentation
What happens to carbom atoms during the transition between photosynthesis and respiration
How carbon reacts during photosynthesis(light-independent reaction)
Photosynthesis & Respiration
During the light-independent reaction of photosyntehsis synthesized ATP and NADPH are used to provide energy for the synthesis of glucose and other organic molecules from nonorganic carbon dioxide & water. The carbon atoms are "fixed" from CO2 to the carbon skeletons of existing organic molecules. This reaction occurs in the stroma of the chloroplasts.
Photosynthesis
2.06 Introduction to Photosynthesis
Andre Carvajal
Ms. Melanie Joseph
Carbon atoms are transferred between molecules in a variety of different ways. First, electrons are moved in the electron transport chains within the thylakoid membrane. Every 12 of the three-carbon molecules made, two of them are removed to build organic compounds and 10 continue on in the chain. The removed molecules bond together forming six-carbon sugar like glucose. Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and releases oxygen gas. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Some microorganisms go through anaerobic alcoholic fermentation, producing ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Here is a presentation on photosynthesis and cellular respiration
What happens to the carbon atom during photosynthesis?Photosynthesis is the process by which plants and other autotrophs use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose. The carbon atom is transferred between molecules in a series of reactions that take place in two stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions.
During the light-dependent reactions, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. The oxygen is released into the atmosphere, and the hydrogen is used to create ATP and NADPH, which are energy-carrying molecules.
During the light-independent reactions, the ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose. The carbon atom is transferred from carbon dioxide to a molecule called ribulose bisphosphate, and then it is passed through a series of reactions that eventually produce glucose.
How carbon atom is transferred between molecules:
The carbon atom is transferred between molecules in a series of chemical reactions. In the light-dependent reactions, the carbon atom is transferred from carbon dioxide to ribulose bisphosphate by a process called carbon fixation. In the light-independent reactions, the carbon atom is passed through a series of reactions that eventually produce glucose.
The molecules involved in photosynthesis and cellular respiration include:
Carbon dioxide: A gas that is made up of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. It is the starting material for photosynthesis and the end product of cellular respiration.
Water: A liquid that is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. It is the starting material for photosynthesis and is used to produce oxygen.
Glucose: A sugar that is made up of six carbon atoms, twelve hydrogen atoms, and six oxygen atoms. It is the end product of photosynthesis and is the main source of energy for cells.
ATP: A molecule that stores energy in its chemical bonds. It is produced during photosynthesis and cellular respiration and is used to power cellular activities.
NADPH: A molecule that carries electrons. It is produced during photosynthesis and is used to power cellular reactions.
The movement of electrons and energy
The movement of electrons and energy is essential for photosynthesis and cellular respiration. During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules and produce ATP and NADPH. These molecules are then used to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.
During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down to produce ATP and carbon dioxide. The electrons from glucose are passed through a series of reactions that eventually produce ATP. The energy from these reactions is used to power cellular activities.
Transitioning between photosynthesis and respiration
The processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration are closely linked. The products of photosynthesis, such as ATP and NADPH, are used to power cellular respiration, and the products of cellular respiration, such as carbon dioxide, are used as a starting material for photosynthesis.
In some cases, organisms can switch between photosynthesis and respiration depending on the availability of sunlight. For example, plants can switch to respiration at night when there is no sunlight available.
Conclusion
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two essential processes that allow life to exist on Earth. These processes convert light energy into chemical energy, which is then used to power cellular activities. The movement of electrons and energy between these two processes is essential for life.
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Fill in the blank to complete each statement about measuring an earthquake’s magnitude.
The ___ scale is best used to measure the strength of small, nearby earthquakes.
The ___ magnitude scale is useful for measuring the strength of earthquakes of all sizes and at all distances from a seismograph.
Answer:
1. Richter
2. Moment
Explanation: Edge 2021
The Richter scale is best used to measure the strength of small, nearby earthquakes.
The moment magnitude scale is useful for measuring the strength of earthquakes of all sizes and at all distances from a seismograph.
The Richter scale is used in measuring the magnitude of an earthquake. It calculates the magnitude of the earthquake from the earthquake's amplitude. The scale then measures the largest amplitude that's on the recording.
Also, the moment magnitude scale is useful for measuring the strength of earthquakes of all sizes. It is based on the total moment release of the earthquake.
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- Start with the P generation with the following genotypes (AA x aa). Based on classical Mendelian inheritance, how will a cross
between two homozygous parents, one dominant and one recessive, influence future generations?
The Fı generation will show an even split between the dominant
phenotype and the recessive phenotype.
The Fı generation will all show the dominant trait and future crosses will
continue to produce genotypes expressing the dominant trait
Although the F1 generation will all show the dominant trait, the offspring
will all be heterozygous and increase chances of future variation
The Fi generation will show a mix of the dominant phenotype and
recessive phenotype and over generations the recessive trait will increase
in number.
Answer:
The correct option is Although the F1 generation will all show the dominant trait, the offspring will all be heterozygous and increase chances of future variation.
Explanation:
The cross for the offsrings that will be produced by F1 generation is shown below:
a a
A Aa Aa
A Aa Aa
As we can see that all the offsprings in the F1 generation will have heterozygous genes but only the dominant trait will be seen in the phenotype of the F1 generation.
A cross between the F1 generation will give the following results:
A a
A AA Aa
a Aa aa
This cross shows that there will be increases genetic and phenotype variations in offsprings that will be produced by the F1 plants.
The Venn diagram compares and contrasts meiosis and mitosis. If you were to add to the Venn diagram, which description would not apply to meiosis?
A) genetic diversity
B) sexual reproduction
C) diploid daughter cells
D) haploid daughter cells
Answer:
C) diploid daughter cells
Explanation:
Meiosis can be described as a process of cell division in which the chromosome number is reduced to half of that of the parents. Four daughter cells are produced as a result of meiosis and these cells are haploid. Hence, option C, diploid daughter cells will not apply to meiosis.
Mitosis can be described as a process of cell division in which two new daughter cells are produced which are identical to the parent cells. The daughter cells are diploid. Hence, this description would be applied to mitosis.
Answer:
the answer is C
Explanation:
When is the net movement of water equal to zero?
Answer:
Hypotonic solutions are those with less solute (again read as higher water potential). Isotonic solutions have equal (iso-) concentrations of substances. Water potentials are thus equal, although there will still be equal amounts of water movement in and out of the cell, the net flow is zero.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The net movement of water is equal to zero when the system is in a dynamic equilibrium, where the rates of water movement in and out of a region or across a boundary are balanced, resulting in no net change in volume.
Explanation:
The net movement of water is equal to zero in a state known as dynamic equilibrium. This can occur under various conditions in different contexts, such as in biological systems (osmotic equilibrium), in weather patterns (atmospheric moisture balance), and in geophysical settings (coastal dynamics). In a biological context, this typically refers to when the rate of water moving into a cell is equal to the rate of water moving out, and there is no net change in the water volume inside the cell. Similarly, in geophysical terms, a zero net water movement might be seen where there's a balance between inflow and outflow at a coastline.
For example, in coastal zones, if wave conditions are stationary (unchanging over time), and the velocity of water at the closed boundary (coastline) is zero due to a balance between different forces, no net movement of water occurs because inflow and outflow are in equilibrium. Additionally, in atmospheric transport, a zero net movement of water vapor could be represented as a balance, where loss due to factors like evaporation is compensated by a return flow through precipitation or other means at the regional scale.
Jordan discovered an organism in the back yard that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.
Which term best describes the organism?
A
producer
B
autotroph
C
plant
D
heterotroph
Answer: Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that can’t produce its own food, so it takes it from other organisms. For example, animals eating other animals.
A heterotroph is the organism that obtains energy by consuming other organisms.
Heterotroph is an organism that cannot take an inorganic substance and create organic matter for itself, forcing it to feed on other living things.
Heterotrophic organisms feed on other organisms to obtain organic matter already synthesized because they do not have an independent food production system.They obtain energy, nitrogen and carbon by consuming other organisms.Therefore, we can conclude that heterotrophs always depend on another organisms for their subsistence, since they obtain their energy from an external source of organic matter.
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As part of the immune system, white blood cells fight germs. Another name for white
blood cells is:
A. Leukocytes
B. Nodes
C. Rhinovirus
D. Glands
Answer:
A. Leukocytes
Explanation:
One way to easily remember is to know the prefix and suffix of the word.
Leuko-white
Cyto-cell
Together (Leukocyte) they mean "white cell"
Answer:
A) Leukocytes
Explanation: Leukocytes are found in lots of different places, including an organ in your stomach that filters blood that helps fight infections known as the Spleen.
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Some scientists claim that humans are responsible for the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Evaluate which system the increased CO2 levels are likely to affect, and predict the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 on natural and agricultural ecosystems.
Yes, human activities are a significant cause of the increase in the amount of Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Explanation:The increasing amount of [tex]CO_2[/tex] is a big problem in today's world for the atmosphere. Human activities are playing a vital role in the rise in [tex]CO_2[/tex]. Carbon emission is majorly happening because of pollution. The pollution by vehicle, wax factories, chemical factories, etc. also, some other kinds of Carbon emission activities are there like burning coal and plastic produces Carbon in very high amount and this Carbon directly mix into the atmosphere.
Due to the increase in [tex]CO_2[/tex], both natural and agricultural ecosystems are suffering. [tex]CO_2[/tex] causes air pollution, and because of that, the quality of crops is declining day by day. Also, the natural vegetation is struggling as the rainwater is also not pure; the amount of acidic content in natural rain is increasing per year. All these activities are leading towards global warming, which one day will bring our earth to an end. So it is imperative to take some severe legal measures to save the environment and decline the amount of [tex]CO_2[/tex] producing.
What is the most common simple method for assessing the risk associated with body type?
dividing pulse rate by weight
multiplying weight by height
adding blood pressure readings
calculating waist-to-hip ratio
Answer:
calculating waist-to-hip ratio
Explanation:
The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) is the calculation from waist and hip measurements to ascertain a person's risk of developing cardiovascular disease. This is because, the higher the concentration of abdominal fat, the greater the risk of having problems such as high cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure or atherosclerosis.
The presence of these diseases along with excess fat in the abdominal region of the body also increases the risk of more serious health problems such as heart attack, stroke and fat in the liver, which can lead to sequelae or lead to death. To identify early on, know what are the symptoms of infarction.
Few ways animals use air
Answer:
they use to live
Explanation:
As they breath out carbon dioxide the plants take in the carbon dioxide and make air with it. Animals also use air to do their day to day things like eat.
in all three complex carbohydrates the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely-
Explanation:
options:
contain different chemical elements form different proteins carry different nucleotides perform different functionsBecause they have different structures, they most likely-perform different functions.
The corresponding image is attached below...
Carbohydrates function to supply energy and support molecules they consist of mainly sugars or starches in long chains and rings to form monosaccharide monomers. They include monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides which describes the type of bonding and the degree of complexity of the polymers. Their structure is closely related to their function.
Basic makeup: C, H, O -with many polar OH groups
Further Explanation:
Many long chain polysaccharides are made up of glucose joined by regular α, 1-4 glycosidic bonds used as energy storage (produced through phtosynthesis) and used for ATP synthesis via respiration, ethyl alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. Branched chains of α, 1-4 glycosidic bonds linked by α(1→6) glycosidic bonds make up glycogen, a storage molecule in animals. Plants are mostly comprised of structural units cellulose and lignin. However, cellulose is their main structural polysaccharide, found within cell walls.
It is made up of special β, 1-4 glycosidic bonds, which give structural polysaccharides their rigid, strong structure; cellulose is not water-soluble and is highly stable. However, if these alternating bonds aren't present, the plants would lose their main structural support, which allows larger plants, and trees to grow upwards towards sunlight despite their mass. When arranged in α 1-4 glycosidic bonds these molecules are water-soluble; water would be able to flow readily out of the plant tissue. Thus the plant cells and tissue, would not retain their shapes and may be limited in their potential height without structural support.
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Three complex carbohydrates with distinct glucose subunit bonding likely perform different functions. Thus, option d is correct.
Carbohydrates provide energy and support molecules; they are composed primarily of sugars or starches in long chains and rings to create monosaccharide monomers. They are classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides, or polysaccharides, based on the kind of bonding and the degree of complexity of the polymers. Their structure is inextricably linked to their function.
The arrangement of the glucose subunits inside complex carbohydrates determines their structure and, subsequently, their function. Option (c) is unnecessary because carbohydrates are composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Option (a) is incorrect since proteins have no direct tie to glucose-based carbohydrate structures.
Option (b) is incorrect since nucleotides are components of nucleic acids rather than directly involved in carbohydrate bonding. As a result, option (d) makes the most sense because different carbohydrate structures result in functional diversity, allowing them to play a wide range of roles in biological systems.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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The given question is incomplete, probably the correct answer is:
Three complex carbohydrates, the subunits of glucose are bonded together differently. Because they have different structures, they most likely-
a- from different proteins
b- carry different nucleotides
c- contain different chemical elements
d- perform different functions
The step in photosynthesis where organism capture CO2 in order to convert it into glucose
Explanation:
This step is called Carbon fixation.
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and inorganic carbon dioxide while oxygen (from the light reaction) is released.
Further Explanation:
This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This begins in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside. The chloroplast is a membrane-bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.
Here, water is used as a reducing agent.
6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon dioxide + water + energy= glucose + oxygen
Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.
In the Calvin Cycle:
During the initial stage, three molecules of ribulose bisphosphate, RuBP are reduced and carbon is fixed from an inorganic CO2 to an organic form by the enzyme RuBisCO. With every molecule of CO2 fixed, 2 molecules of 3-phosphoglyceric acid are produced. 3-PGA is a 3 carbon molecule with a phosphate attached.
This is called carbon fixation.
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The Calvin Cycle or light-independent reactions of photosynthesis is where organisms capture CO2 to convert into glucose. This is accomplished using the enzyme RuBisCO and energy carried by ATP and NADPH. After three cycles, a sugar molecule G3P leaves the cycle to become part of a carbohydrate molecule.
Explanation:The step in photosynthesis where organisms capture CO2 to convert it into glucose is called the Calvin Cycle or light-independent reactions. During these reactions, an enzyme called RuBisCO fixes CO2 from the environment, combining it with an organic compound, RuBP. The resulting six-carbon compound is then broken down into two three-carbon compounds, and the energy in ATP and NADPH is used to convert these molecules into a type of sugar called G3P. After three cycles of the Calvin Cycle, one of the G3P molecules leaves to become part of a carbohydrate molecule such as glucose, while the remaining G3P molecules continue in the cycle to be formed back into RuBP to react with more CO2.
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Cutting down forests changes the populations of more than trees. Imagine the organisms that lived in this forest. After the trees have been cut, fewer animals can survive here. What are MOST LIKELY the limiting factors in this case?
Answer:
Food and shelter are the most likely limiting factors in this case.
Explanation:
In a forest, the huge trees act as a source of shelter for the animals that live in that habitat. It protects the animals from the heat of the Sun and extreme cold conditions.
The tress in the forest are the primary source of food for almost all the organisms that live in the forest. Cutting down trees will lead to food scarcity for the animals which inhabit that forest. As a result, the animals will either have to migrate or they will become die due to lack of food.
Hence, food and shelter are the limiting factors in this case.
What happens when the endocrine system malfunctions?
Answer:
Symptoms include fatigue, stomach upset, dehydration, and skin changes.
Explanation:
Stress, infection and changes in your blood's fluid and electrolyte balance can also influence hormone levels.