To reach the national strategic end state and conclude the operation/campaign successfully, Joint force commanders (JFC?s) must integrate and synchronize ______________ with offensive and defensive operations within each major operation or campaign phase

Answer:

e) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Explanation:

Victor Vroom developed what is called expectancy theory which explains employees will act a certain way if motivated by the expected goal that comes with the work.

The elements that awake this motivation are:

Multiplied, these elements all produce the desired motivation for hard work that results in good organization and accomplished job.

According to Victor Vroom, the three key elements that determine an employee's willingness to put effort into work are expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. These factors reflect an individual's belief in the link between effort and performance, the likelihood of receiving rewards, and the individual value placed on those rewards.

The primary elements that determine how willing an employee is to work hard at tasks important to an organization, according to Victor Vroom, are: e) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

Let's break down these factors:

This theory, also known as the Expectancy Theory, assumes that behavior results from conscious choices among alternatives to maximize pleasure and minimize pain. Vroom realized that an employee's performance is based on individual factors such as personality, skills, knowledge, experience and abilities.

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Answer:

Part (A): (1). The Mayor-Council form of city Government has been in existence before the council-Manager form of city Government.

(2). In Mayor-Council, decision making is fast while in council-Manager, the decision making is slow.

(3). The power is centralized on only one person in Mayor-Council form of government while in council-Manager form of city Government, the power is shared.

Part B:

Check Explanation (last two paragraphs).

Explanation:

The city government are saddled with the responsibility of making sure that the administrative part of the city is managed efficiently and the provision of good policies so as you improve the city.

There are various forms of city government and they are mainly divided into three forms. They are; the Mayor-Council, the city manager or the council-Manager and the commission.

The main two major forms I will be comparing are contrasting with each other are; Mayor-Council and the council-Manager form of city Government.

(1). The Mayor-Council form of city Government has been in existence before the council-Manager form of city Government.

(2). In Mayor-Council, decision making is fast while in council-Manager, the decision making is slow.

(3). The power is centralized on only one person in Mayor-Council form of government while in council-Manager form of city Government, the power is shared.

Incorporation simply means that one form of government is trying to use the another feature of another form of government to create an hybrid form of city government containing features of the two or three form of city Government.

The main reason behind incorporation is because of the changes in the socio-economy. Also, the way politics is practice is changing. For instance, in Mayor-Council form of government, incorporation is now been done to limit the power of the Mayor.

The two forms of city government include:

The differences in the two forms of city government are"

Incorporation is the use of one of the powers of the branch of government to create another branch where the two powers of the government are combined

This Incorporation occurs because of the changes in the socio-economy of the city government which leads to the need for a hybrid government to be formed to cater to those needs.

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Answer:

The correct option is A. matching pairs of participants based on a variable and then randomly assigning one member of each pair to each group.

Explanation:

A matched pairs design involves matching pairs of participants based on a variable and then randomly assigning one member of each pair to each group.

A matched pairs design in a study refers to pairing participants based on certain variables and then randomly assigning members of each pair to distinct groups. This helps minimize variability and makes identifying the impacts of independent variables easier.

In experimental design, a matched-pairs design refers to a type of study where participants are paired based on a key variable or variables that could impact the results of the study. The best answer among your options is A: matching pairs of participants based on a variable and then randomly assigning one member of each pair to each group. After these pairs are formed, one person from each pair is randomly assigned to each of the experimental conditions. This approach is beneficial as it helps reduce the variability among participants and can make it easier to identify the effects of the independent variable. An example could be pairing people up based on their age and then placing them into either a test group or control group for a study about age impacts on memory recall.

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Answer: THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF ACTOR OBSERVER BIAS

Explanation: Actor observer bias refers to a scenario whereby an individual makes error in judging an event/situation.

It explains that when individuals judge their own actions, they are more likely to attribute their actions to the particular situation than to a generalization about their personality. However, when an individual is explaining the behavior of another person (the actor), they are more likely to attribute this behavior to the actors' overall disposition rather than to situational factors.

Answer: Actor-observer bias

Explanation: Actor-observer bias can be simply refered to as the act by an individual attributing external cause to his or her behaviors and at the same time attributing internal cause to other people's behaviors. It is the tendency for a person to blame someone else for his or her behaviors or errors and blame others for the cause or facilitators of their behaviors or errors

Tom's beliefs best illustrates Actor-observer bias

Answer:

White-collar crimes come under price-fixing. Money laundering is another crime that comes under the white-collar crimes. White-collar crimes are like the crimes which come under the illegal activities conducted by the professionals in government and the businessman. FBI is a crime branch that overseeing these activities for investigation. Many theories explained why people involved in these white-collar crimes. Different theories explained about white-collar crimes such as  

Answer:

he primary reason prosecutors plea bargain is simply that it's a guaranteed conviction. By contrast, the outcome of a criminal trial is uncertain and unpredictable, even when the evidence against a defendant is strong.

Explanation:

Final answer:

An accused criminal may consider a plea bargain for reasons such as overwhelming evidence, the opportunity to testify against others, and the avoidance of lengthy trials.

Explanation:

An accused criminal would consider a plea bargain for several reasons:

The evidence against them may be overwhelming, making conviction in a trial highly likely. By accepting a plea bargain and pleading guilty, they can receive a more lenient punishment than they would if convicted after a full trial.

If the accused is part of a larger criminal organization, they may agree to testify against others in exchange for lighter punishment.

Prosecutors may offer a plea bargain to secure convictions for charges they know they can prove, while avoiding a lengthy trial on other charges that they might lose.

Answer:

The Intolerable Acts were aimed at isolating Boston, the seat of the most radical anti-British sentiment, from the other colonies. Colonists responded to the Intolerable Acts with a show of unity, convening the First Continental Congress to discuss and negotiate a unified approach to the British.

Explanation: Colonists responded to the Intolerable Acts with a show of unity, convening the First Continental Congress to discuss and negotiate a unified approach to the British.

Answer:

The answers are INFORMATIONAL and NORMATIVE

Explanation:

During a discussion, dr. mansfield argues that asch's participants conformed to the confederates' responses because they wished to be correct about the lengths of the lines in the experiment. dr. roach counters that the participants conformed because they simply sought the confederates' approval. dr. mansfield is suggesting that asch's conformity is an example of INFORMATIONAL social influence. dr. roach is suggesting instead that it reflects NORMATIVE social influence.

Answer:

Crop yields have gone up, new strains of crop are more resistant to disease and drought.

Explanation:

Hope this helps

Answer:

foot-in-the-door phenomenon.

Explanation:

In psychology, foot in the door phenomenon refers to a situation that make people becomes more likely to agree to fulfill bigger request after previously fulfilling smaller request.

This happen because after fulfilling a small request, most people developed a positive feeling from the experience of helping others. It make us feel good and somehow valuable. When we're asked to fulfill bigger request under this emotional condition, we become more likely to agree with it.

This is what happened in the example above. First, the friends ask to smash neighbor's decoration (smaller request). After that, he became more likely to agree to throw eggs at police cars (bigger request)

The oil industry has had significant effects on Texans, impacting both the economy and the environment.

1. Economic Impact: The oil industry plays a crucial role in Texas' economy, providing employment opportunities, generating revenue through taxes and royalties, and stimulating economic growth. Many Texans are directly or indirectly employed by the oil and gas sector, contributing to the state's prosperity and development.

2. Environmental Impact: However, the oil industry also poses environmental challenges, including air and water pollution, habitat destruction, and the risk of oil spills and accidents. Extraction activities such as drilling and fracking can lead to groundwater contamination and habitat fragmentation, affecting ecosystems and wildlife. Additionally, the combustion of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases and exacerbates climate change, posing long-term environmental risks for Texans and future generations. Therefore, while the oil industry brings economic benefits, it also requires careful regulation and mitigation measures to minimize its adverse environmental impacts on Texans and their surroundings.

Answer:

it is probably d, the psychology of learning    but i'm not entirely sure

Explanation:

Final answer:

Justine's aversion to burgers after getting sick from eating a chicken burger is an example of taste aversion conditioning, which is part of the D) Psychology of Learning. Taste aversion can be powerful and often generalizes to other similar foods, even after a single exposure.

Explanation:

Justine's experience can be explained by the phenomenon known as taste aversion conditioning. This type of classical conditioning occurs when an organism, such as a human, consumes a substance and subsequently feels ill. The conditioned stimulus, in Justine's case the chicken burger, is associated with an unconditioned stimulus, which is the nausea or illness that follows.

Taste aversion is especially powerful and can often occur after only a single exposure to the food that preceded the illness, even if the illness was not actually caused by the food itself. In Justine's scenario, her intense dislike and nauseous response have generalized to other similar foods like beef burgers, fish burgers, and soybean burgers, despite these not being the culprits. This generalization is a common outcome in taste aversion conditioning.

The correct answer to the student's question would be D. Psychology of Learning, as the Psychology of Learning involves understanding how these learning processes, like classical conditioning and taste aversion, occur.

Answer:

Satisfying

Explanation:

While lawmakers might generally agree that a large infusion of public funds to the public education system along with a dramatic reform of the public structure would optimize the outcomes of student performance in public education in Texas, they may choose to continue making incremental increases in funding and tweak the funding structure during each session in a practice referred to as satisfying

Answer:

BFOQ (Bona Fide Occupational Qualification)

Explanation:

In employment law, an employer is permitted to discriminate if the employer has developed a legal and lawful job-related condition/reason for discrimination. This is called a bona fide occupational qualification or BFOQ.

Some examples found by the courts as acceptable reasons to discriminate in hiring:

1. Churches allowed to hire their own members legally and reject others outside their faith.

2.Mandatory retirement age requirements.

3. Islamic bodies allowed to hire their own members and reject others. etc.

Answer:

I personally didn't think it was fair. They were relocated because of the bomb at Pearl Harbor but some of the japanese was born here. They were American citizens and didn't deserve that treatment. In the end most people didn't know the japanese were relocated to camps because the US always want to play the good guy. The japanese lost their business, house and etc. It was not fair for America to do that. The japanese to prove their loyalty to america ended up making a much of military stuff for America. Overall I think it was not fair of America to do that.

Explanation:

It is very important for company management to be transparent especially on their financial transactions. One way they can show transparency is when the management includes adequate and understandable disclosures of  transactions in the footnotes to the financial statements.

For example, how much was spent on Operations, Marketing etc.

Answer:

Antebellum means when something occurs before a war

Explanation:

antebellum is an adjective that means something that occurred or existed before a particular war, especially the US Civil War.

Answer:

the Thomas theorem

Explanation:

The Thomas theorem was a concept formulated first in 1928 by Isaac Thomas and Dorothy Swaine Thomas. Together they argue how situations can have strong consequences depending on the interpretation of situations which cause the real effect and drive the actions.

The facts are for them not so relevant as the beliefs & interpretation itself of what happens, then any rumours of insolvency or cases of bankruptcy resulted simply by the mere beliefs and other great financial collapses can be explained in terms of the Thomas theorem.

Beliefs and the way happenings are interpreted has a profound impact and consequences.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The thicker fur for Polar Bears keeps them warm during the cold winter months. And winter is seasonal

Answer: low reactive infant

Explanation:

Samira is likely to be categorized as low reactive infant .

Low-reactive infants, often known as infants with less motor activity and crying, are more likely to become uncontrollable in their second year. Two newborn temperaments—high reactive and low reactive—are thought to be caused, in part, by variable amygdala excitability thresholds.

This hypothesis is backed by the observation that older children who had been high reactive newborns are more likely to have higher and less fluctuating heart rates than low reactive infants.

American teenagers who were high-reactive infants exhibit more irrational concerns than most teenagers, including going to unfamiliar locations, meeting strangers, going into crowds, and worrying about potential injury to oneself or a parent, as well as more frequent depressive episodes. 7 Adolescents who were low reactive infants are less likely to exhibit these characteristics.

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Apartheid in South Africa was a system of racial segregation established in 1948, opposed by the ANC and PAC, with key events including Nelson Mandela's imprisonment, the Soweto uprising, and international sanctions, culminating in its abolition in 1991 and the election of Mandela as president in 1994.

Apartheid Events in Order

The following is a chronological summary of key events during the apartheid era:

The end of apartheid was also marked by the release of Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990 and the creation of a new Constitution in 1996, emphasizing human rights.

Answer:Echoic memory

Explanation:

Echoic memory are short sound sensory memory  that registers  specific information of an auditory  stimulus. it occurs immediately an auditory stimuli is heard , the echoic memory immediately captures such information so that it can be processed and understood before it gives meaning to the overall sound  Unlike the iconic visual memory, It does not scan continuously n and  is very short lasting  for 2 to 4 seconds., although longer than the visual memory which enables the brain make many echoic memories in a  day.

Answer:

Coin.

Explanation:

Thomas Jefferson was one of the many anti-federalists who held the belief that power should not be vested on a single person but on multiple people. He created and introduced the decimal-based currency system for the better exchange system for business or any transaction.

The type of money system that he designed and started was the coinage system or the use of the coin in any system of transaction. Thus, the correct answer is COIN.

Answer:

Proximity of effect              

Explanation:

Proximity of effect is the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions and is one of the factors that need to be taken into account when determining the ethical intensity of an action.        

Proximity of effect asserts that being too close to an employee  will cause a leader, unit head, supervisor from being objective in the assessment of his employees and hence bad choices. This is due to the tendency of the supervisor to experience increased feeling of likeness for that employee and thus clouds his/her judgement.

Moral intensity is the measure of distance between decision-makers and those affected by their decisions, influencing the ethical intensity of actions and shaping responses to resource challenges.

​Moral intensity is the social, psychological, cultural, or physical distance of a decision maker from those affected by his or her decisions and is one of the factors that need to be taken into account when determining the ethical intensity of an action. This concept extends beyond immediate payoffs and necessitates a broader perspective that includes temporal and spatial dimensions, such as the externality trap and time-delay. Decisions must consider the long-term sustainability of resources to ensure future generations benefit, which may mean sacrificing immediate benefits. Additionally, emotional and psychological factors play a significant role as they can influence decision-making processes in personal and political realms. This understanding of moral intensity is crucial in shaping our collective response to resource challenges in this century and beyond.

Answer:

Less-lethal weapons.

Explanation:

Less-Lethal weapons are those weapons that are less likely to kill any living being. They are less harmful than the conventional weapons. Less-lethal weapons are also known as non-lethal weapons, less-than lethal weapons, non-deadly weapons or pain-inducing weapons.  

These weapons are used in the cases where using of lethal weapons is not permitted and to make the situation less chaotic.

Taser, as described above, is a weapon that is used to deliver electric shocks and thus do not possess the ability to kill a living being. So, it is a less-lethal weapon.  

Thus, the correct answer is less-lethal weapon.

Answer:

involuntary stable single.

Explanation:

Peter Stein in 1981 identified four types of people who never get married. Their decision of not getting married is based upon their attitude towards marriage.  

The four types of single people can be categorised as voluntary and temporary single, voluntary and stable singles, involuntary and temporary singles and involuntary and stable singles.  

in the given case, James can be identified in the group of involuntary and stable singles.  

An involuntary and stable single is the one who does not want to be single but tends to think that it is permanent and stable. This group of people find it difficult to find the right mate because of lack of older, single, and well-educated finding of mate. This category of people usually consists of well-educated and successful people. Since they are not able to right mate, they choose to stay single.

James, in the given case, is a divorcee, who is actively seeking a mate but not able to find one. And because he is not able to find the right mate, he chose to stay single permanently. His choice to remain single was not voluntary but involuntary.

So, the correct answer is involuntary stable single.

Answer:

The Clean Air Act, The Endangered

Explanation:

The Clean Air Act : It was although introduced by president Johnson in mid 1960s, but got important amendments in 1970s. It undertook many steps to control air pollution. One most important provision of 1970s version was elimination of lead based gasoline.

The Endangered Species : It was an important act regarding preservation of endangered (on the verge of extinction) species. It was passed by President Richard Nixon in early 1970s. The law had been successfully implemented, as no specie had gone extinct after getting in the act's list.

Answer:

60

Explanation:

Justina wishes to make a 10-minute meditation session part of her morning routine. Based on research described in the textbook, Justina should meditate every day for just over 60 days to ensure that meditation becomes a habit.

Answer:

60 days

Explanation:

Justina wishes to make a 10-minute meditation session part of her morning routine. Based on research described in the textbook, Justina should meditate every day for just over 60 days to ensure that meditation becomes a habit.

Scientific evidences suggest that it takes an average of 2 months (60 days) for a repeated behavior or action to become a habit. That is, the repetition of that behavior or action becomes automatic after 60 days of consistent practice.

Answer:

1, 3, 4,

Explanation: