what are the characteristics of a proton

All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals. For example, every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. As you move down the table, every row adds an orbital.

Elements across a period on the periodic table generally show a decrease in atomic radius, and an increase in ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity, with acidity increasing from left to right.

When analyzing the periodic table, elements across a period demonstrate systematic changes in chemical properties. As one moves across a period from left to right, the atomic radius generally decreases due to an increase in the number of protons, pulling electrons closer. Concurrently, ionization energy and electron affinity typically increase. The acidity of elements also increases, with more electronegative atoms forming stronger acids. Understanding these trends allows for the prediction of element behavior and chemical reactivity within a period.

Answer: Add more water to the solution and remove a small amount of the solution and mix it with water.

molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 3 M

molar concentration of CO₃⁻ ions = 1.5 M

First the water will solvate the sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃).

Second the 80 mL of water added will dilute the first solution.

Explanation:

When you dissolve the Na₂CO₃ in water, the following solvation process takes place:

Na₂CO₃ (s) + H₂O (l) → 2 Na⁺ (aq) + CO₃⁻ (aq)

To find the final concentration of Na₂CO₃ solution we use the following formula:

concentration (1) × volume (1) = concentration (2) × volume (2)

concentration (2) = concentration (1) × volume (1) / volume (2)

concentration of Na₂CO₃ solution = 2.5 M × 120 mL / 200 mL

concentration of Na₂CO₃ solution = 1.5 M

molar concentration = number of moles / volume (L)

number of moles = molar concentration × volume (L)

number of moles of Na₂CO₃ = 1.5 M × 0.2 L = 0.3 moles

Knowing the solvation process we devise the following reasoning:

if         1 mole of Na₂CO₃ produces 2 moles of Na⁺ ions and 1 mole of CO₃⁻ ions

then   0.3 moles of Na₂CO₃ produces X moles of Na⁺ ions and Y mole of CO₃⁻ ions

X = (0.3 × 2) / 1 = 0.6 moles of  Na⁺ ions

Y = (0.3 × 1) / 1 = 0.3 moles of CO₃⁻  ions

molar concentration = number of moles / volume (L)

molar concentration of Na⁺ ions = 0.6 / 0.2 = 3 M

molar concentration of CO₃⁻ ions = 0.3 / 0.2 = 1.5 M

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Answer:

Density of  metal = 259 g/mL

Explanation:

Data Given:

Mass of metal = 518.0 g

Volume of Sugar =  2.00 mL

Density of = ? g/mL

The formula will be used is

                    d = m/v ........................................... (1)

where

d is density

m is the mass

v is the volume

So

put the given values in Equation (1)

d =  518.0 g / 2.00 mL

d = 259 g/mL

Density of  metal = 259 g/mL

Answer:

chemical weathering I think it is a right answers

Answer:

One complete revolution around a circular path.

Explanation:

Let us take the case of a car moving in a circular track of radius r metres.

In one revolution, the car covers the length(distance) equal to the perimeter of the circle.

In this case, distance traveled = 2[tex]\pi[/tex]r metres

But after one complete revolution, the car reaches the same position as it was at the beginning of the motion.

Hence, the initial and final points coincide or the car hasn't changed it's position w.r.t the initial point.

So in this case, the displacement is zero.

Hence, revolution of a car around a circular path is an example of an object traveling a distance but having no displacement.

Answer:

0.2mol

Explanation:

mol = mass/mr

mass = 4.6g

mr = 23

mol = 4.6/23

= 0.2mol

Answer:

its B

Explanation:

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Answer:

Observe the yellow color (lead iodide)

Answer:

c = 4016.64 j/g.°C

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of substance = 2.50 g

Calories release = 12 cal (12 ×4184 = 50208 j)

Initial temperature = 25°C

Final temperature = 20°C

Specific heat of substance = ?

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

Solution:

Q = m.c. ΔT

ΔT  = T2 - T1

ΔT  = 20°C - 25°C

ΔT  = -5°C

50208 j = 2.50 g . c. -5°C

50208 j = -12.5 g.°C .c

50208 j /-12.5 g.°C =  c

c = 4016.64 j/g.°C

The specific heat of the substance is calculated using the formula [tex]Q = mc \Delta T[/tex], with given values of mass, heat, and temperature change. The result is a specific heat of 0.96 cal/g°C.

The specific heat is defined as the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius. The formula to calculate specific heat (c) when the heat (Q) is lost or gained is:

[tex]Q = mc \Delta T[/tex]

Where Q is heat in calories, m is mass in grams, c is specific heat in cal/g°C, and [tex]\Delta T[/tex] is the temperature change in Celsius.

Using the student's data:

Mass (m) = 2.50 g

Heat (Q) = -12 cal (negative because heat is released)

Temperature change ([tex]\Delta T[/tex]) = 20°C - 25°C = -5°C

Now, solving for c:

-12 cal = (2.50 g) c(-5°C)

c = -12 cal / (2.50 g imes -5°C)

c = 0.96 cal/g°C

Therefore, the specific heat of the substance is 0.96 cal/g°C.

Explanation:

Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture with non-uniform composition.

The properties of the mixture like concentration may change for different parts of the mixture.

Colloids contain solute particles of size [tex]2nm-500nm[/tex].The presence of these particles makes the mixture heterogeneous.

Suspensions contain solute particles of size [tex]500nm-1000nm[/tex].These particles settle to the bottom of the mixture which makes the composition of the bottom different from the top.

So,colloids and suspensions are two types of heterogeneous mixtures.

Final answer:

Yes, the statement is true; suspensions and colloids are both types of heterogeneous mixtures, differentiated by the size of their particles and their tendency to settle.

Explanation:

The statement is true: suspensions and colloids are indeed two types of heterogeneous mixtures. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture where large particles are dispersed throughout a liquid or gas and can settle over time, examples include paint and mud. On the other hand, a colloid is also a heterogeneous mixture, but it consists of much finer particles that don't settle upon standing, such as fog, milk, and butter.

Colloids can be found in various states like sols (solid particles in a liquid), gels (solids absorbing liquids), aerosols (solid or liquid particles in a gas), or emulsions (liquids dispersed in other liquids). They exhibit the Tyndall effect, where light is scattered by the particles, distinguishing them from solutions, which are homogenous and clear. Suspensions, with their larger particle size, do not maintain their dispersion upon standing and are often cloudy.

It's important to note that while suspensions and colloids are heterogeneous due to the presence of dispersed particles, these particles differ significantly in size between the two types, which influences the stability and appearance of the mixture.

Answer:

All of these

option a to f are molecule

Explanation:

Molecule:

Molecule is formed when two or more than two atoms of an element combine chemically.

N₂O₄ is a molecule where Nitrogen combine with oxygen through covalent bond.

The name of this compound is Dinitrogen tetraoxide.

Na₂CO₃ is a Compound where sodium carbon and oxygen combined to form a Compound.

Its name is sodium carbonate.

CClF3 is a Compound: It is a polar Compound

It named as Chlorofloromethan.

OBr₂ is polar Molecule. This molecule consist of oxygen and Bromine atoms and a covalent compound.

It named as oxygen dibromide.

FeSO₄ is a compound . it consists of iron Oxygen and sulfate atoms.

It named as Iron Sulfate.

LiBr is molecule. it is ionic in nature and Known as molecular compound

It named as Lithium bromide.

All molecule can not be compound as some molecule have same type of atom such as ozone or hydrogen molecule., but all compounds are molecule, so with this concept all of these are molecule.

Answer:

water is formed

Explanation:

acid and base maxing form salt and water by combining proton and hydroxyl ions

Answer:

Metal is named first

Explanation:

Binary compounds:

The compounds which are made up of the atoms of only two elements are called binary compounds.

For example:

The following compounds are binary:

HCl

NaCl

HCl is binary because it is composed of only hydrogen and chlorine.

Sodium chloride is also binary compound composed of only two element hydrogen and chlorine.

When naming these compounds the name of metal or cation is written first and anion is written after the cation. The anions are non meals.

The anion name is end with suffix " ide".

such as sodium chloride.

Answer:

Frequency = 1.25 ×10¹³ Hz

Explanation:

Given data:

Wavelength of light = 24.0  μm (2.4 ×10⁻⁵ m)

Frequency = ?

Solution:

Formula:

Speed of light = wavelength × frequency

Speed of light /wavelength = frequency

Frequency = 3×10⁸ m /s /2.4 ×10⁻⁵m

Frequency = 1.25 ×10¹³ s⁻¹

s⁻¹ = Hz

Frequency = 1.25 ×10¹³ Hz

Answer: CH3COOH + CH3CHOHCH3 -> CH3COOCH(CH3)CH3 + H2O

Explanation: Estherification is the reaction between alkanoic acids and alkanols to porduce esters and what. ethanoic acid will react with 2-propanol to produce an ester and water.

Ethanoic acid reacts with 2-propanol to form an ester and water in the presence of sulfuric acid.



[tex]\bold {CH_3COOH + CH_3CHOHCH_3 \rightarrow CH_3COOCH(CH_3)CH_3 + H_2O}[/tex]

[tex]\bold {CH_3COOH + CH_3CHOHCH_3 \rightarrow CH_3COOCH(CH_3)CH_3 + H_2O}[/tex]

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Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{106 L}}[/tex]

Explanation:

We will need a balanced chemical equation with molar masses and volumes, so, let's gather all the information in one place.

MV/L:                                                                     22.71

M_r:         63.55

                  Cu + 4HNO₃ ⟶ Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2H₂O + 2NO₂

m/g:           149

(a) Moles of Cu

[tex]\text{Moles of Cu } =\text{149 g Cu } \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol Cu }}{\text{63.55 g Cu }} =\text{2.344 mol Cu}[/tex]

(b) Moles of NO₂

The molar ratio is 2 mol NO₂:1 mol Cu

[tex]\text{Moles of NO$_{2}$}= \text{2.344 mol Cu} \times \dfrac{\text{2 mol NO$_{2}$}}{ \text{1 mol Cu}} = \text{4.689 mol NO$_{2}$}[/tex]

(c) Volume of NO₂

The volume of 1 mol of an ideal gas at STP (0 °C and 1 bar) is 22.71 L.

[tex]\text{V} = \text{4.689 mol} \times \dfrac{\text{22.71 L}}{\text{1 mol}} = \textbf{106 L}\\\\\text{You can produce $\large \boxed{\textbf{106 L}} $ of NO$_{2}$.}[/tex]

34.73%

We are given;

A mixture that contains;

We are required to determine mass percent of NaCl in the mixture;

Mass of the mixture = Mass of NaCl + Mass of NH₄Cl + Mass of SiO₂

                                 = 0.639 g + 0.350 g + 0.851 g

                                 = 1.84 g

The mass % of NaCl = (Mass of NaCl ÷ Mass of the mixture) 100

                                  = (0.639 g ÷ 1.84 g) × 100

                                  = 34.73%

Therefore, the mass % of NaCl in the mixture is 34.73%

The new volume of the anesthetic gas at a constant temperature is determined as 9.34L.

The new volume of the anesthetic gas at a constant temperature is calculated as follows;

P1V1 = P2V2

V2 = (P1V1)/P2

V2 = (3.65 x 255)/(99.7)

V2 = 9.34 L

Thus, the new volume of the anesthetic gas at a constant temperature is determined as 9.34L.

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Answer:

185.0 mL of K₂Cr₂O₇ 0.600 M solution

Explanation:

Having the equation balanced in the statement, it is calculated based on the stoichiometric ratio of it, how many moles do I need from K₂Cr₂O₇ to be able to generate 0.1665 moles of C₂H₄O₂

3 moles C₂H₄O₂ _____ 2 moles K₂Cr₂O₇

0.1665 moles C₂H₄O₂ _____ X = 0.111 moles of K₂Cr₂O₇

Calculation: 0.1665 moles x 2 moles / 3 moles = 0.111 moles of K₂Cr₂O₇

Now the volume of solution of K₂Cr₂O₇ that contains the amount of moles calculated above is calculated, as stated in the molar concentration (0.600M), it is calculated:

0.600 moles of K₂Cr₂O₇ _____ 1000 mL solution

0.111 moles of K₂Cr₂O₇ _____ X = 185.0 mL of solution

Calculation: 0.111 moles x 1000 mL / 0.600 moles = 185.0 mL of solution

Therefore, to generate 0.1665 moles of C₂H₄O₂, 185.0 mL of K₂Cr₂O₇ 0.600 M solution is needed.

Answer:

slope of a line tangent to the product curve at any point in time

Explanation:

I believe the answers to the test are:

C

B

B

A

C

A

C

A

B

A

D

A

D

B

A

C

B

A

D

D

Answer:

At the end of the reaction, both product and reactants are of a constant concentration.

Explanation:

took the test

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{1.52 g}}[/tex]

Explanation:

1. Calculate the moles of CoF₂ needed

[tex]n = \text{0.100 L} \times \dfrac{\text{0.157 mol}}{\text{1 L}}  = \text{0.0157 mol}[/tex]

2. Calculate the mass of CoF₂

[tex]m = \text{0.0157 mol} \times \dfrac{\text{96.93 g}}{\text{1 mol}}  = \text{1.52 g}\\\\\text{ The student must measure out $\large \boxed{\textbf{1.52 g}}$ of cobalt(II) fluoride}[/tex]

The relationship between the two reactions is correctly explained as chemical equation 1 is the opposite of Reaction 2.The reactant in Reaction 2 breaks apart, making it a decomposition reaction.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Answer:

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.

Meiosis is a cell division process that generates gametes (sperm and egg cells) with half the number of chromosomes. These gametes merge during sexual reproduction, restoring the full chromosome count and creating a genetically unique offspring. Thus, meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction.

Meiosis is a type of cellular division that produces four daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction because it creates the reproductive cells, or gametes (sperm and egg cells), each carrying half of the genetic material. During fertilization, when the sperm and egg merge, the full number of chromosomes (46 in humans) is restored, leading to a genetically unique offspring. Hence, meiosis and sexual reproduction are intimately connected as meiosis provides the variation that drives evolution and adaption in sexually reproducing species.

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Answer:

Education people about how climate is changing and how we need to change ourselves along with it is very important.

Climate change:

Extreme temperature changes are occurring due to ozone thinning. Cold areas are getting colder and warm areas are getting warmer. This is due to global warming. The climate is being effected, air is being polluted, which makes it harmful to breathe, oceans and seas are becoming a hub of trash and factory waste which is effecting the marine life.

Human behavior:

Technology has a huge part to play. automobiles has caused severe air and noise pollution. Humans produce so much waste that all directly and indirectly effects the environment. Therefore it is us who need to change in order to change the environment.

The importance of educating others about climate change consequences is to ensure proper understanding and solutions to the challenge.

This refers to the long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns and its education is very important.

This is because, it allows to know things which can cause it and also the solutions to the challenge of tackling it.

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Answer:

34 gram of FeO produced 8 gram of oxygen.

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of FeO = 34 g

Mass of oxygen = ?

Solution;

Chemical equation:

2FeO → 2Fe + O₂

Number of moles of FeO:

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Number of moles = 34 g /71.8 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.5 mol

Now we will compare the moles of FeO with oxygen:

             FeO       :       O₂

                2         :        1

                0.5      :      1/2 × 0.5 = 0.25

Mass of oxygen:

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Mass =  0.25 mol × 32 g/mol

Mass = 8 g

So 34 gram of FeO produced 8 gram of oxygen.

Answer:

Gasoline

Explanation:

Pure Substance: are those having same type of atoms or molecules.

Compound: one or more atoms of the element combine to form a compound.

Mixture: is combination of one or more substances mix together.

Homogeneous Mixture: are those which are not distinguish by naked eye but can be separated into its components by physical means

Heterogeneous mixture: are those which can be distinguishing by naked eye and can be separated into its components by physical means.

So keeping in mind the above definitions

Table salt:

The chemical formula of table salt is NaCl and it a pure compound not mixture.

Gasoline:  

Gasoline is mixture of hydrocarbon, It contains small hydrocarbons ranging from 4 Carbon to 12 Carbon per molecule. it is a homogeneous mixture.

Aluminum:

Aluminum is a pure substance that is made up of same kind of atoms. so it is an element and not mixture. Its symbol is Al

Carbon dioxide:

Carbon dioxide is a pure compound and its chemical formula is CO₂ and not a mixture.

So, the write option is Gasoline.

Answer:

gasoline

Explanation:

Answer:

3 e⁻ transfer has occurred.

Explanation

This is a redox reaction.

A combination of both the reactions( Half-reactions) leads to a redox reaction.

Let us look at initial configurations of Al and Cl

[Al]= 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p¹

[Cl]= 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Hence, Al can lose 3 electrons to achieve octet config.

and, Cl can gain 1e to achieve nearest noble gas config. [Ar]

This reaction can be rewritten, by clearly mentioning the oxidation states of all the entities involved.

Al⁰ + Cl⁰ → (Al⁺³)(Cl⁻)₃

Here, Aluminum is undergoing an oxidation(i.e loss of electrons) from: 0→(+3)

Chlorine undergoes a reduction half reaction (i.e gain of electrons) from: 0→(-1). There are 3 such chlorine atoms, hence 3 e⁻ transfer has occurred.

Answer:

[tex]1.6\times 103[/tex]g of K₂SO₄ will be produced

Explanation:

Given [tex]K_3PO_4[/tex] is available in excess

Reaction:

Cr₂(SO₄)₃ + 2K₃PO₄  ----------> 3K₂SO₄ + 2CrPO₄

From the above reaction, it is clear that the moles of (Cr₂(SO₄)₃), [tex]K_3PO_4[/tex] and  K₂SO₄  are 1, 2 and 3 respectively

We can say that 1 mole of chromium(iii) sulfate (Cr₂(SO₄)₃) react with 2 mole of potassium phosphate (K₃PO₄) to produce 3 mole of K₂SO₄

molar mass of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ = 147 g/mol

molar mass of K₃PO₄ = 212 g/mol

molar mass of K₂SO₄ = 174 g/mol

We can write as;

     Cr₂(SO₄)₃               +       2K₃PO₄             ----------> 3K₂SO₄  + 2CrPO₄

     1 mol (147 g/mol)         2 mol  (212 g/mol)           3 mol  (174g/mol)

Therefore, we have

         Cr₂(SO₄)₃  +  2K₃PO₄          ----------> 3K₂SO₄ + 2CrPO₄

             147 g         424 g                           522 g

So, we can see that 147 g of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ reacts with 424 g of 2K₃PO₄ to produce  522 g of K₂SO₄

             147 g of  Cr₂(SO₄)₃  = 522 g of K₂SO₄

             So, 450 g of  Cr₂(SO₄)₃ = [tex]\frac{(522\times 450)}{147}[/tex]g of K₂SO₄ = 1597.959 g = [tex]1.59\times 103[/tex] g = [tex]1.6\times 103[/tex] g

So,[tex]1.6\times 103[/tex]g of K₂SO₄ will be produced