Note: hydrogen ion concentration = 3.16 x 10⁻¹² M
hydroxide ion concentration = 3.16 x 10⁻³ M
pH NH₃ = 11.50
Asked: concentrations of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in household ammonia?
Answer: pH (NH₃) = 11.50.
pH = -log [H⁺]
[H⁺] = 10∧ (-pH)
[H⁺] = 10∧ (-11.5)
[H⁺] = 3.16 · 10⁻¹² M
[H⁺] x [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ M²
[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ M² ÷ 3.16 x 10⁻¹² M
[OH⁻] = 0.00316 M = 3.16 x 10⁻³ M
Thus, the concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in household ammonia is 3.16 · 10⁻³M
Further ExplanationIn chemistry, concentration is a measure that describes the amount of substance in a mixture divided by the total volume of the mixture. There are four kinds of quantitative descriptions of concentration, namely mass concentration, molar concentration, total concentration, and volume concentration. The term concentration can be applied to all types of mixtures, but it is most often used to describe the amount of solute in the solution. Molar concentrations have variations such as normal concentration and osmotic concentration.
Solution Concentration
Concentration is a way to express the quantitative relationship between solute and solvent. Expressing the concentration of the solution there are several types, including:
1. MOL FRACTION
The mole fraction is the ratio between the number of moles of a component with the number of moles of all components contained in a solution.
The mole fraction is denoted by X.
2. PERCENT WEIGHT
Percent weight states the gram weight of the solute in 100 grams of solution.
3. MOLALITY (m)
Molality states the mole of solute in 1000 grams of solvent.
4. MOLARITY (M)
Molarity states the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of solution.
5. NORMALITY (N)
Normality represents the number of moles equivalent of solute in 1 liter of solution. For acids, 1 mole is equivalent to 1 mole of H + ions. For bases, 1 mole is equivalent to 1 mole of OH- ion.
Between Normality and Molarity there is a relationship:
N = M x valence
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Grade: College
Subject: Chemistry
keywords: concentration
A compound is found to contain 49.5% carbon, 5.19% hydrogen, 16.5% oxygen, and 28.9% nitrogen. its molecular mass is 194.2 g/mol. what is its empirical formula? what is its molecular formula? explain what each of these formulas tells us about the molecule. (lesson 6)
how many molecules of dinitrogen pentoxide are in 1.39 moles of dinitrogen pentoxide
Explanation:
According to Avogadro's number, it is known that there are [tex]6.023 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms present in 1 mole of a substance.
Therefore, molecules or atoms present in 1.39 moles will be as follows.
No. of atoms = no. of moles × Avogadro's number
= [tex]1.39 moles \times 6.023 \times 10^{23}\text{atoms/mol}[/tex]
= [tex]8.37 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms
Thus, we can conclude that there are [tex]8.37 \times 10^{23}[/tex] atoms of dinitrogen pentoxide in 1.39 moles.
Which of the following would be expected to form ionic solutions in water?
CO2
C
NaI
CCl4
O2
NaI-Sodium Iodide
Explanation;Ionic solutions are solutions that are formed when ionic compounds dissolve in a solvent such as a water.Ionic compounds are compounds that are formed as a result of transfer of electrons between non metal atoms and metal atoms, thus forming an ionic bond. When an ionic compound such as sodium iodide dissolves in water, it dissociates into cations, sodium ions, and anions, iodide ions.What is formed from 2 pieces of different metals stuck together lengthwise?
An alloy, such as brass or bronze, is formed when two pieces of different metals are stuck together lengthwise. These materials combine the properties of the constituent metals, often resulting in superior characteristics.
Explanation:When two pieces of different metals are stuck together lengthwise, the resulting material is known as an alloy. An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, with at least one being a metal. Some common examples of alloys include brass (an alloy of copper and zinc) and bronze (an alloy of copper and tin). These combinations of metals result in a material with properties that are superior to the pure metals themselves. For example, bronze, first used around 2400 B.C., is harder and more durable than either of its constituent metals, copper and tin.
The material formed from sticking two different metals together lengthwise is called an alloy. Alloys like bronze and brass are mixtures of two or more elements that possess improved properties compared to the pure component metals.
Explanation:When two pieces of different metals are stuck together lengthwise, the material formed is known as an alloy. An alloy is a mixture composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal. Alloys are designed to have properties superior to those of the pure metals from which they are made. For example, bronze is a well-known alloy consisting mainly of copper and tin. The creation of alloys like bronze and brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, exemplifies how metals can be combined to achieve desired physical and chemical properties for various applications, from tools and weapons to musical instruments.
A reactant decomposes with a half-life of 137 s when its initial concentration is 0.165 m. when the initial concentration is 0.722 m, this same reactant decomposes with the same half-life of 137 s.
Based on conductivity values, classify the compounds in each set of solutions as molecular, ionic, or acids. what is the level of dissociation (complete, varying, or none) of each set
b) How many hydrogen atoms are in an acyclic alkane with 16 carbon atoms?
Given the reaction:
Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) → ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
The oxidation number of Zn(s) increases because it
A) loses electrons
B) gains electrons
C) loses protons
D) gains protons
Redox reaction is the chemical reaction in which both oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) takes place or transfer of electrons between two species occurs.
The given chemical equation is :
[tex]Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)\rightarrow ZnCl_{2}(aq)+H_{2}(g)[/tex]
Here, in reactant side, the oxidation state of zinc is zero (0), after reacting with hydrogen chloride, the oxidation sate of zinc becomes two (+2). In this reaction, electrons are transferred from zinc atoms to the hydrogen atoms. Thus, zinc is oxidized by losing electrons.
Hence, oxidation state of zinc increases due to loses electrons i.e. Option (A) is correct.
An aqueous solution of ____ will produce a basic solution.
a. nh4clo4
b. kbr
c. nacl
d. na2co3
e. nahco3
Hydrolysis of [tex]NH_{4}ClO_{4}[/tex] is given as:
[tex]NH_{4}ClO_{4}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons NH_{4}OH + HClO_{4}[/tex]
Here, [tex]NH_{4}OH[/tex] is a weak base and [tex]HClO_{4}[/tex] is a strong acid. Thus, solution is more acidic
Hydrolysis of [tex]KBr[/tex] is given as:
[tex]KBr+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons KOH + HBr[/tex]
Here, [tex]KOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]HBr[/tex] is a strong acid.Thus, solution is neutral.
Hydrolysis of [tex]NaCl[/tex] is given as:
[tex]NaCl+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons NaOH + HCl[/tex]
Here, [tex]NaOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]HCl[/tex] is a strong acid.Thus, solution is neutral.
[tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}+2H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons 2NaOH + H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
Here, [tex]NaOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is a weak acid.Thus, solution is basic.
[tex]NaHCO_{3}+H_{2}O\rightleftharpoons NaOH + H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex]
Here, [tex]NaOH[/tex] is a strong base and [tex]H_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] is a weak acid.Thus, solution is basic.
Hence, an aqueous solution of [tex]NaHCO_{3}[/tex] and [tex]Na_{2}CO_{3}[/tex] will produce a basic solution.
which of the following is a correctly written thermochemical equation
Answer:
A - 4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) → 2Fe₂O₃(s), ∆H = -3,926kj
Explanation:
Thermochemical equations:
Are balanced chemical equationsInclude the physical states of all reactants and productsIncludes the enthalpy change of the reactionThe correct thermochemical equation is :
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) ---> Fe₂O₃(s) ΔH = -3,926 kJ. The correct option is first.
The thermochemical equation is the equation which is balanced chemical equation that shows magnitude of the enthalpy value The enthalpy value with the sign that is the positive sign means it is endothermic process, and the negative sign is an exothermic process.
4Fe(s) + 3O₂(g) ---> Fe₂O₃(s) ΔH = -3,926 kJ
This is the thermochemical equation.
NH₄Cl --> NH₄⁺ +Cl⁻
This is not the thermochemical as it does not the enthalpy value.
C₃H₈(g) + O₂(g) ---> CO₂(g) + H₂O(l) ΔH = -2,220 kJ/mol
This is also not the thermochemical equation.
2C₈H₁₈ + 25O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 18H₂O ΔH = - 5,471 kJ/mol
This is not the thermochemical equation it is not balanced equation. The first option is correct.
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One of these substances is a liquid at room temperature. which one? one of these substances is a liquid at room temperature. which one? sih4 co2 nh2oh cf4
Among the substances SiH4, CO2, NH2OH, and CF4, it is Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) which is the liquid at room temperature due to its hydrogen bonding.
Explanation:Among the substances SiH4, CO2, NH2OH, and CF4, it is NH2OH (Hydroxylamine) which is a liquid at room temperature. This is due to the variations in the intermolecular forces among these substances:
SiH4(Silane) and CF4(Tetrafluoromethane) are gases at room temperature because their molecules are held together by weak Van der Waals' forces which require less thermal energy to overcome. CO2 (Carbon Dioxide) is well known to be a gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. NH2OH(Hydroxylamine) on the other hand, exhibits hydrogen bonding (a strong type of dipole-dipole interaction). This bonding causes an increased boiling point, making it a liquid at room temperature.Learn more about Phases of Matter here:
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Jaina just got home from a difficult workout. She is complaining of muscle soreness and cramps. Which waste product of fermentation caused the soreness and cramps?
A sample of ammonia (nh3) gas is completely decomposed to nitrogen and hydrogen gases over heated iron wool. if the total pressure is 853 mmhg after the reaction, calculate the partial pressures of n2 and h2. enter your answers in scientific notation.
The partial pressures of nitrogen and hydrogen, after decomposing ammonia are calculated using the reaction stoichiometry and Avogadro's law. The nitrogen's partial pressure is 2.1325 x 102 mmHg and the hydrogen's partial pressure is 6.3975 x 102 mmHg.
Explanation:To calculate the partial pressures of N2 and H2, we will depend on the reaction stoichiometry given by the equation N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) = 2NH3(g). In this chemical reaction, one molecule of nitrogen gas reacts with three molecules of hydrogen gas to produce two molecules of ammonia gas. An important thing to remember here is that gases react in definite and simple proportions by volume, which is derived from Avogadro's law.
The decomposition of ammonia produces 1 volume of nitrogen for every 3 volumes of hydrogen - so, in a decomposed sample, the hydrogen will always be three times as concentrated as the nitrogen. So if we let nitrogen's partial pressure be x, the hydrogen's will be 3x. As the total pressure is given as 853 mmHg, it will be the sum of the nitrogen and hydrogen pressures and we can write:
x + 3x = 853,
Solving for x gives x = 213.25 mmHg, so the nitrogen's partial pressure is 213.25 mmHg and hydrogen's pressure is 3 * 213.25 = 639.75 mmHg. Therefore, the partial pressures of nitrogen and hydrogen are 2.1325 x 102 mmHg and 6.3975 x 102 mmHg respectively in scientific notation.
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What type of bond would form between two atoms of phosphorus?
A. Triple covalent bond
B. Single ionic bond
C. Double covalent bond
D. Single covalent bond
Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Non-metals are the substances which tend to gain electrons from a donor atom in order to attain stability.
For example, atomic number of phosphorous is 15 and its electronic distribution is 2, 8, 5.
As it contains 5 valence electrons electrons therefore, it needs 3 more electrons in order to attain stability.
Hence, when one phosphorous atom combines with another phosphorous atom then it results in sharing of electrons. So, there will be formation a triple bond between the two phosphorous atoms.
Also, there will be one lone pair of electron on each phosphorous atom.
Thus, we can conclude that triple covalent bond would form between two atoms of phosphorus.
A certain compound is made up of one carbon (c) atom, two bromine (br) atoms, and one oxygen (o) atom. what is the chemical formula of this compound
Answer:
The chemical formula of the compound will be COBr2.
Further details:
• The chemical formula of the compound is COBr2.
• The IUPAC name is Carbonic Dibromide
• The common name of the compound is Bromophosgene
As we know Carbon has the propensity to form four covalent bonds, Oxygen can form two covalent bonds and Bromine can form a single bond. Keeping this in mind we can say that in given compound carbon are making two single bonds with two bromine atoms and a double bond with oxygen atom. So, the valencies of all essentials in the given compound are fulfilled and accomplished.
Formation of Carbon dibromide:
Carbonyl bromide is made when carbon tetrabromide is melted and concentrated sulfuric acid is added.
In compare to phosgene, carbonyl bromide cannot be twisted efficiently from carbon monoxide and bromine. A complete alteration is not possible due to thermodynamic causes. Additionally, the reaction
CO + Br2 ⇌ COBr2
Answer details:
Subject: Chemistry
Level: College
Keywords:
Carbon dibromideFormation of carbon dibromideCarbon Bromine OxygenLearn more to evaluate:
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How much heat is evolved in converting 1.00 mol of steam at 155.0 ∘c to ice at -50.0 ∘c? the heat capacity of steam is 2.01 j/(g⋅∘c) and of ice is 2.09 j/(g⋅∘c)?
Nitric acid, hno3, dissociates in water to form nitrate ions and hydronium ions. what change in hybridization of the nitrogen atom occurs in this dissociation
Final answer:
The nitrogen atom in HNO3 and the resulting nitrate ion after dissociation in water both exhibit sp² hybridization. Thus, there is no change in hybridization of the nitrogen atom during this dissociation process.
Explanation:
When nitric acid, HNO3, dissociates in water, the nitrogen atom undergoes a change in hybridization. In nitric acid, the nitrogen is sp² hybridized as it is bonded to three oxygen atoms and has one lone pair of electrons. Upon dissociation into nitrate ions (NO3⁻) and hydronium ions (H3O⁺), the nitrogen atom in the nitrate ion becomes sp² hybridized as the lone pair used to create the coordinate bond with hydrogen in HNO3 is lost and replaced by a bond with an oxygen atom to form the nitrate ion. Therefore, the hybridization of nitrogen does not change; it remains sp² before and after dissociation in water.
How many helium atoms are in a 12.0 g sample?
Answer: The number of helium atoms present are [tex]18.066\times 10^{23}[/tex]
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex]
Given mass of helium = 12.0 g
Molar mass of helium = 4 g/mol
Putting values in above equation, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of helium}=\frac{12.0g}{4g/mol}=3mol[/tex]
According to mole concept:
1 mole of an element contains [tex]6.022\time 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.
So, 3 moles of helium will contain = [tex]3\times 6.022\times 10^{23}=18.066\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of atoms.
Hence, the number of helium atoms present are [tex]18.066\times 10^{23}[/tex]
To find the number of helium atoms in a 12.0 g sample, convert the grams into moles using the molar mass of helium (4 g/mol), then multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number (6.022 x 10^23). The result is approximately 1.807 x 10^24 helium atoms.
Explanation:To calculate the number of helium atoms in a 12.0 g sample, you need to use Avogadro's number, which states that one mole of any substance contains 6.022 x 10^23 particles (atoms, molecules, ions, etc.). Molar mass of helium is approximately 4 g/mol. So first, we need to convert the number of grams into moles.
12.0 g / 4 g/mol = 3 moles of helium.
To find out how many atoms this is, we multiply the number of moles by Avogadro's number:
3 moles * 6.022 x 10^23 atoms/mole = 1.807 x 10^24 helium atoms.
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At 7 degrees Celsius the volume of gas is 49 liters. At the same pressure its volume is 74 mL at what temperature
Sodium is an atom represented as na+. what does the "+" represent?
The '+' in Na+ represents a positive charge which indicates that the sodium atom has lost one electron and has become a sodium cation with more protons than electrons.
Explanation:The "+" in a sodium atom represented as Na+ signifies that the atom has lost an electron and, therefore, has a net positive charge. In its neutral state, a sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons, giving it no overall charge. However, when a sodium atom loses an electron, as in the case of the sodium cation (Na+), it then has one more proton (11) than electrons (10), resulting in an overall positive charge, which is indicated by the plus sign. This positively charged sodium is referred to as a sodium cation.
Sodium cations are common in many chemical reactions and play significant roles in biological systems, such as in nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction. The propensity for sodium to lose an electron and form a Na+ cation is due to the energy consideration that it's easier for sodium to lose one electron from its outermost shell than to gain seven more in order to fill it.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Delocalized electrons conduct electricity poorly.
B. There is a strong attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of electrons.
C. Metals with a delocalized electron sea break apart when struck instead of bending.
D. Metals have high melting points and low boiling points.
Answer: B. There is a strong attraction between positively charged metal ions and the sea of electrons.
Explanation: Delocalized electrons conduct electricity with high potentil as the electrons are not localized in on place. Thus statement A is wrong.
Metals with a delocalized electron sea doesnot break apart when struck instaed of bending. Thus statement C is also wrong.
Metals donot have high melting point rather they have low melting point.
Statement B is true as there is a strong attraction beween positively charged metal ions and the sea of electrons.
What concentration of the lead ion, pb2+, must be exceeded to precipitate pbf2 from a solution that is 1.00×10−2 m in the fluoride ion, f−? ksp for lead(ii) fluoride is 3.3×10−8 ?
Answer is: concentration of Pb²⁺ must be exceeded is 3.3·10⁻⁴ M.
Chemical reaction : Pb²⁺(aq) + 2F⁻(aq) → PbF₂(s).
Ksp(PbF₂) = 3.3·10⁻⁸.
c(F⁻) = 0.01 M.
Ksp(PbF₂) = c(Pb²⁺) ·
c(F⁻)².
c(Pb²⁺) = Ksp(PbF₂) ÷ c(Cl⁻)².
c(Pb²⁺) = 3.3·10⁻⁸ ÷ (0.01 M)².
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.000000033 M³ ÷ 0.0001 M².
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.00033 M = 3.3·10⁻⁴ M.
The concentration of Pb²⁺ must be exceeded is 3.3 × 10⁻⁴ m.
Ksp value of PbF₂ = 3.3 × 10⁻⁸
Concentration of fluoride ion = 1.00 × 10⁻²
It is required to calculate the concentration of lead ion.
What is a solubility product?
The solubility product constant, Ksp, is the equilibrium constant for a solid substance dissolving in an aqueous solution.
A chemical reaction between lead ion and fluoride ion occurs as
Chemical reaction :
Pb²⁺(aq) + 2F⁻(aq) → PbF₂(s).
Ksp(PbF₂) = 3.3 × 10⁻⁸
Ksp(PbF₂) = c(Pb²⁺) · c(F⁻)²
c(Pb²⁺) = Ksp(PbF₂) ÷ c(Cl⁻)²
c(Pb²⁺) = 3.3×10⁻⁸ ÷ (0.01 m)²
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.000000033 m³ ÷ 0.0001 m²
c(Pb²⁺) = 0.00033 m = 3.3·10⁻⁴ m
Hence, the concentration of Pb²⁺ must be exceeded is 3.3 × 10⁻⁴ m.
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A 90.00 mL solution of NaCl and ethyl alcohol has 7.83 g of salt dissolved in the alcohol. Calculate the molar concentration of the solution. Remember to use significant digit rules.
Answer:
The molar concentration of the solution is calculated as follows
find the moles of NaCl used to make the solution
moles = mass/molar mass
mass =7.83 g
molar mass =58.5 g/mol
moles = 7.83 g/ 58.5 g/mol = 0.134 moles
molarity ( concentration in mol/l) = number of moles/volume in liters
volume in liters = 90ml/1000 =0.09 liters
molarity is therefore = 0.134 moles/0.09 L =1.49 M
Explanation:
The mineral enargite is 48.41% cu, 19.02% as, and 32.57% s by mass. what is the empirical formula of enargite?
How much energy is required to vaporize 185 g of butane at its boiling point? the heat of vaporization for butane is 23.1 kj/mol?
Approximately 73.5 kJ of energy is required to vaporize 185 g of butane at its boiling point.
Explanation:The amount of energy required to vaporize a substance can be calculated using the formula Q = n * ΔHvap, where Q is the amount of energy required, n is the number of moles of the substance, and ΔHvap is the heat of vaporization. To calculate the number of moles of butane, we divide the mass of butane by its molar mass. Using the given heat of vaporization for butane (23.1 kJ/mol), we can calculate the amount of energy required. First, we calculate the number of moles of butane:
n = 185 g / 58.12 g/mol = 3.18 mol
Next, we calculate the amount of energy required:
Q = 3.18 mol * 23.1 kJ/mol ≈ 73.5 kJ
Therefore, approximately 73.5 kJ of energy is required to vaporize 185 g of butane at its boiling point.
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According to the balanced chemical equation, how many atoms of silver will be produced from combining 100 g of copper with 200 g of silver nitrate?
Final answer:
The balanced chemical equation reveals that 100g of copper reacting with 200g of silver nitrate yields 6.022 × 10^23 atoms of silver.
Explanation:
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between copper (Cu) and silver nitrate (AgNO3) is:
Cu (s) + 2AgNO₃ (aq) → Cu(NO₃)² (aq) + 2Ag (s)
From the equation, when 100g of copper reacts with 200g of silver nitrate, it will produce 6.022 × 10²³ atoms of silver.
Balance the reactions which form ions. Choose "blank" if no other coefficient is needed. Writing the symbol implies "1."
1) (NH4)2CO3 ____ NH4 +_____ + CO3 -2
2) PbI2 _____ Pb+2 +______ I+1
3) (NH4)3PO4 ______ NH4 + _____ + PO4 +3
which element does not contain neutrons
iron
carbon
oxygen
hydrogen
Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction between fe2+(aq) and zn(s) under standard conditions at 25∘c.
The equilibrium constant for the reaction between Fe2+(aq) and Zn(s) under standard conditions at 25∘C is equal to 1.
Explanation:The equilibrium constant for the reaction between Fe2+(aq) and Zn(s) under standard conditions at 25∘C can be calculated by using the formula:
Kc = ([Fe2+]/[Zn])
Since Fe2+ is an aqueous ion and Zn is a solid, their concentrations are not included in the equation. Therefore, the equilibrium constant is equal to 1.
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The equilibrium constant for the reaction between Fe²+(aq) and Zn(s) at 25°C is approximately 7.06 x 10¹⁰.
Step-by-Step Explanation:
1. Write the overall balanced redox reaction:
Fe²⁺(aq) + Zn(s) → Fe(s) + Zn²⁺(aq)2. Determine the standard reduction potentials (E°) for each half-reaction:
Fe²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Fe(s), E° = -0.44 V Zn²⁺(aq) + 2e⁻ → Zn(s), E° = -0.76 V3. Calculate the standard cell potential (E°cell):
E°cell = E°cathode - E°anode = (-0.44 V) - (-0.76 V) = 0.32 V4. Use the Nernst equation to relate E°cell to the equilibrium constant (K):
E°cell = (RT/nF) * ln(K)Where R = 8.314 J/(mol·K), T = 298 K, n = 2 (number of electrons transferred), F = 96485 C/mol.
5. Rearrange and solve for K:
0.32 V = (8.314 J/(mol·K) * 298 K / (2 * 96485 C/mol)) * ln(K) 2477.172 * ln(K) = 61870.4 ln(K) ≈ 24.98K = [tex]e^{24.98[/tex] ≈ 7.06 x 10¹⁰Thus, the value of equilibrium constant comes out to be 7.06 x 10¹⁰
Which substance yields hydroxide ion as the only negative ion in aqueous solution?