What are the missing coefficients for the skeleton equation below?
Al2(SO4)3(aq) + KOH(aq) --> Al(OH)3(aq) + K2SO4(aq)
A. single replacement
B. combustion
C. double replacement
D. combination/synthesis
E. decomposition

Answer:

1.75M

Explanation:

Given parameters:

Initial volume of acid, HCl  = 450mL  = 0.45L

Initial concentration  = 3.5M

Final volume  = 0.9L

Unknown:

Final concentration  = ?

Solution:

This is a dilution problem in which a particular concentration is made from the stock of known concentration.

One important approach to solve this problem is to remember that the number of moles in the initial and final solution will always remain the same.

Since we know this;

       Number of moles  = molarity x volume;

let us find the number of moles of the initial solution;

      Number of moles  = 3.5 x 0.45  =  1.58moles

Now, to find the new molarity;

 Molarity  =  [tex]\frac{number of moles }{volume}[/tex]

    Input the parameters;

               Molarity = [tex]\frac{1.58}{0.9}[/tex]   = 1.75M

Answer:

The answer to your question is 493.31 grams

Explanation:

Data

mass of Cu(NO₃)₂ = ?

volume = 1052 ml

concentration = 2.50 M

Process

1.- Write the formula to determine the Molarity

Molarity = moles/volume

-Solve for moles

moles = Molarity x volume

-Substitution

moles = 2.50 x 1.052

-Result

moles = 2.63

2.- Calculate the molar mass of Cu(NO₃)₂

Cu(NO₃)₂ = (63.55 x 1) + (14.01 x 2) + (16 x 6)

               = 63.55 + 28.02 + 96

               = 187.57 g

3.- Calculate the grams of Copper nitrate

                   187.57 g -------------------- 1 mol

                     x           -------------------- 2.63 moles

                              x = (2.63 x 187.57) / 1

                              x = 493.31 / 1 grams

                              x = 493.31 grams

Answer:

The answer to your question is 101.08 moles

Explanation:

Data

number of moles = ?

concentration = 7 M

volume = 14.44 l

Process

1.- Write the Molarity formula

Molarity = moles / volume

2.- Solve for moles

moles = Molarity x volume

3.- Substitution

moles = 7 x 14.44

4.- Result

moles = 101.08

The mass of copper(II) bicarbonate (Cu(HCO3)2) produced in the chemical reaction, if the yield is 2.54 moles, is approximately 563.3 grams.

To find the mass of copper(II) bicarbonate, we need to use the molar mass of copper(II) bicarbonate, which can be found by adding the molar masses of each constituent atom. Copper(II) bicarbonate, Cu(HCO3)2, has a molar mass of 221.6 grams/mole.

Knowing we've produced 2.54 moles, we can multiply this by the molar mass:

2.54 moles * 221.6 grams/mole = 563.3 grams.

Therefore, the mass of copper(II) bicarbonate produced is approximately 563.3 grams. This calculation is based on the principle of stoichiometry, which deals with the quantifiable relationship of reactants and products in a chemical reaction.

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Answer:

The temperature remains constant because the internal energy only depends on temperature in that case

-Hops

Answer:

(A) Mg²⁺ and O²⁻

Explanation:

The pair of ions for which the energy that is required to separate the ions largest is Mg²⁺ and O²⁻.

Lattice energy is the energy released when ions combine to form the lattice structure of an ionic compound.

Lattice energy depends on the size of the both ions. Smaller ions have a larger lattice energy and a largest energy required to separate the ions.

Looking at the options, the both smallest pair of ions is Mg²⁺ and O²⁻ hence they have the highest lattice energy and largest energy to separate the ions.

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Answer:

The correct option is;

a) The resulting mixture was cloudy

Explanation:

Here we have the initial color as

1. Colorless and

2. Dark blue

We analyze each of the results as follows

a) The resulting mixture was cloudy

A cloudy mixture forming when the two liquids are mixed is most likely due to the formation of a suspension from  a new substance That is a new compound is formed

b) The total volume of the mixture was equal to the sum of the initial volumes.

Here since there is no change in the physical properties as the volume of the mixture is the sum of the volumes of the  constituent then there is unlikely to be a chemical change

c) The resulting liquid was light blue

Here, the observation is more of a physical change

d) The liquids formed two separate layers in the beaker.

This is an indication that there was no mixing of the liquids hence no reaction or chemical change.

Final answer:

The best evidence of a chemical change after mixing two liquids, based on the given options, is c) The resulting liquid was light blue, indicating that a new substance with a different color has been formed.

Explanation:

The question pertains to determining whether a chemical change has occurred upon mixing two liquids. Observations that typically indicate a chemical change include unexpected color changes, formation of a precipitate, temperature changes, light emission, bubbles (especially if the substance is not boiling), and different smells. In the context of the given choices, the best evidence of a chemical change is c) The resulting liquid was light blue.

Choice a) could simply be due to the scattering of light and does not necessarily indicate a chemical change. Choice b) is characteristic of a physical change where volumes are additive and no new substances are formed. Choice d) suggests immiscibility rather than a chemical reaction. However, choice c) suggests that a new substance with a different color has been formed, which is a strong indicator of a chemical reaction. A direct combination of a colorless and a dark-blue liquid would not result in a light-blue liquid unless there was a change in composition, which leads us to conclude that a chemical change has taken place.

Answer:

The compound a is 1-methyl cyclohexene (see attachment for structure).

Explanation:

The reaction of 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane with sodium methoxide is a second-order reaction since the methoxide ion is a strong base and also a strong nucleophile. This ion attacks the alkyl halide faster than the alkyl halide can ionize to produce a first-order reaction. However, we can not see the product of nucleophilic substitution. The SN₂ mechanism is blocked due to the impediment of the 1-Bromo-1-methylcyclohexane. The main product, according to the Zaitsev rule, is the 1-methyl cyclohexene, thus forming a double bond.

Then, this cyclohexene is hydrogenated to form the cyclohexane.

Final answer:

Compound A is formed when 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane is treated with sodium methoxide. The structure of compound A is methylcyclohexane with a methoxy group attached to one of the carbon atoms.

Explanation:

The structure of compound A can be determined by considering the reactions and information given in the question. Compound A is formed when 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane is treated with sodium methoxide. This reaction suggests that the bromine atom in 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane is replaced by a methoxy group (-OCH3) to form compound A. Therefore, the structure of compound A is methylcyclohexane with a methoxy group attached to one of the carbon atoms.

Answer:

The answer to your question is V2 = 29.6 l

Explanation:

Data

Pressure 1 = P1 = 12 atm

Volume 1 = V1 = 23 l

Temperature 1 = T1 = 200 °K

Pressure 2 = 14 atm

Volume 2 = V2 = =

Temperature 2 = T2 = 300°K

Process

1.- To solve this problem use the Combine gas law.

             P1V1/T1 = P2V2/T2

-Solve for V2

             V2 = P1V1T2 / T1P2

2.- Substitution

             V2 = (12)(23)(300) / (200)(14)

3.- Simplification

             V2 = 82800 / 2800

4.- Result

            V2 = 29.6 l

The solution with the highest acidity has a pH of 3.

pH of any solution tells about the acidity or basicity of that solution.

pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, where 7 shows the neutrality of the solution and values below 7 express the acidity and above 7 express the basicity of the solution.

So, lower value of pH shows the high acidity of the solution.

Hence, option (4) is correct i.e. 3 shows the highest acidity.

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360.18 K is the Kelvin temperature to which 10.0 L of a gas at 27 °C would have to be heated to change the volume to 12.0 L.

Explanation:

Data given:

Initial volume of the gas, V1 = 10 litres

Initial temperature of the gas, T1 = 27° C or 273.15+27 = 300.15 K

Final volume of the gas obtained, V2 = 12 Litres

final temperature to obtain the above volume, T2 =?

temperature value in Kelvin

Applying Charles' Law to the data given,

[tex]\frac{V1}{T1} =\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

rearranging the equation to get T2,

T2 = [tex]\frac{V2T1}{V1}[/tex]

Putting the values in the equation:

T2 =[tex]\frac{ 12 X 300.15}{10}[/tex]

T2 = 360.18 K

The gas will be heated at the temperature of 360.18 K to get its volume changed to 12 litres.

According to the question,

Volume,

Temperature,

By using the relation, we get

→ [tex]PV= nRT[/tex]

then,

→   [tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2} = \frac{T_1}{T_2}[/tex]

→   [tex]T_2= \frac{T_1\times V_2}{V_1}[/tex]

By substituting the values,

         [tex]= \frac{300\times 12.0}{10}[/tex]

         [tex]= 360 \ K[/tex]

Thus the above answer is correct.

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An acidic solution at 25°C has a hydronium ion concentration greater than 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M and a pH less than 7.00.

An acidic solution at 25°C will have a hydronium ion concentration greater than 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M and a pH value less than 7.00. This is because in an acidic solution, the concentration of H₃O+ (hydronium ions) exceeds that of OH- (hydroxide ions). The pH of a solution is calculated using the formula pH = -log[H₃O+]. Therefore, if the concentration of hydronium ions is higher than 1.0 × 10⁻⁷ M, the negative logarithm of this concentration will yield a pH value less than 7.00.

Answer:

C

Explanation:

The chemical change between zinc chloride and magnesium sulfate will produce a precipitate.

Chemical changes are defined as changes which occur when a substance combines with another substance to form a new substance.Alternatively, when a substance breaks down or decomposes to give new substances it is also considered to be a chemical change.

There are several characteristics of chemical changes like change in color, change in state , change in odor and change in composition . During chemical change there is also formation of precipitate an insoluble mass of substance or even evolution of gases.

There are three types of chemical changes:

1) inorganic changes

2)organic changes

3) biochemical changes

During chemical changes atoms are rearranged and changes are accompanied by an energy change as new substances are formed.

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Answer: colloid

Explanation:

Colloids are solutions in which small sized particles are suspended throughout the solution as they do not settle own their own. Colloids are defined as the mixtures where the size of the particle is within the range of 2nm to 1000 nm. In these mixtures, physical boundary is seen between the dispersed phase and dispersed medium.

Colloids are solutions with particle size intermediate between true solutions and suspensions. Suspensions have large sized particles which settle when left undisturbed for sometime and thus can be filtered off easily. The particle size in colloids is less and hence they do not settle under the effect of gravity.

Answer:

The nephron

Explanation:

is responsible for removing waste from the body.

Answer:

sulfuric acid

Explanation:

Sulfuric acid is a strong electrolyte.

- Strong electrolytes dissolve completely in water.

Acetic acid and Ammonia is a weak electrolyte.

- Weak electrolytes only partially dissolve in water.

- Hope this helps! If you need further explanation or more help please let me know; I would be glad to help anytime.

Answer:

a) alkali metals

Explanation:

The element described above definitely belonged to the alkali metals, the first group on the periodic table. They show the properties indicated in the text.

Answer:

the work for the gas compression in step 2 = 32 J

Explanation:

Given that:

A system usually comes back to initial state after 2 steps;

That implies :

ΔE₁ + ΔE₂  = 0

When heat is added to a given system , q  tends to be positive

q is also negative when the heat is removed from the system

The work (W) when expansion occurs is said to be negative and positive when compression occurs.

∴  ΔE₁ = q₁ + W₁

ΔE₁ =  50 J + (-20 J)

ΔE₁ = 30 J

ΔE₂  = q₂ + W₂

ΔE₂  = -62 J + W₂

ΔE₁ + ΔE₂  = 0

30 J  -62 J + W₂ = 0

W₂  = - 30 J  + 62 J

W₂  = 32 J

Thus, the work for the gas compression in step 2 = 32 J

Answer:

The work for the gas compression is 32 J

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

50 J of heat is added to the gas

20 J of expansion work

62 J of heat is removed from the gas as the gas is compressed back to the initial state

Step 2:

ΔE = q + w

⇒with q = 50 J of heat

⇒with w = 20 J of expansion work

 ⇒ expansion work = since there is work done by the gas: w is negative

ΔE = q + w

ΔE = 50 J - 20 J

ΔE = 30J

Step 3: Calculate the work for the gas compression

ΔE = -30 J = -62 J + w

⇒62 J of heat is removed from the gas as the gas is compressed back to the initial state. Compressed gas means work done by the surroundings => w is positive

⇒To go back to the initial state, we need 30 J

ΔE = -23 J

w = -30 J + 62 J = 32 J

The work for the gas compression is 32 J

Answer:

an isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons than the other atoms of the same element.

An isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons than other atoms of the same element.

An isotope is one of two or more forms or types of the same or identical chemical element of the periodic table depending on the number of electrons of the element. Some of them become radioactive too if we isolate the proton from the nucleus.

The different isotopes of an element are the same in the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom giving them the identical atomic number, but a different number of neutrons of the element of the isotope contains a different atomic weight.

Therefore, the isotope has the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons than other atoms of the same element.

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Answer:

ΔH° = -67.9 kJ

ΔS° = 536.7 J/K = 0.5367 kJ/K

ΔG° = -227.8 kJ

the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures

Explanation:

Step 1: Data given

Temperature = 25.0 °C

ΔH°f(glucose) = - 1274.5 kJ/ mol

ΔH°f(C2H5OH) = -277.7 kJ/mol

ΔH°f(CO2) = -393.5 kJ/mol

S°(glucose) = 212.1 J/ K)

S°(C2H5OH) = 160.7 J/K

S°(CO2) = 213.7 J/K

Step 2: The balanced equation

C6H12O6(s) → 2 C2H5OH(l) + 2 CO2(g)

Step 3: Calculate ΔH°

ΔH° = 2*ΔH°f(C2H5OH) + 2ΔH°f(CO2) - ΔH°f(glucose)

ΔH° = 2*(-277.7 kJ) + 2*(-393.5 kJ) - (-1274.5 kJ)

ΔH° = -555.4 kJ + (-787 kJ) +1274.5 kJ)

ΔH° = -67.9 kJ

Step 4: Calculate ΔS°

ΔS° = 2*S°(C2H5OH)  + 2*S°(CO2) - S°(glucose)

ΔS° = 2*(160.7 J/K) + 2(213.7 J/K) - 212.1 J/K

ΔS° = 321.4 + 427.4 J/K - 212.1 J/K

ΔS° = 536.7 J/K = 0.5367 kJ/K

Step 5: Calculate ΔG°

ΔG° =ΔH° - T*ΔS°

ΔG° = -67.9 kJ - 298K * 0.5367 kJ/K

ΔG° = -227.8 kJ

Since ΔS° is positive and  ΔH° is negative, ΔG° will be negative

This means ΔG° is negative at all temperature.

A negative ΔG° means the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures

a) ΔH° = -67.9 kJ

b) ΔS° = 536.7 J/K = 0.5367 kJ/K

c) ΔG° = -227.8 kJ

The reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures

What information do we have?

Temperature = 25.0 °C

ΔH°f(glucose) = - 1274.5 kJ/ mol

ΔH°f(C₂H₅OH) = -277.7 kJ/mol

ΔH°f(CO₂) = -393.5 kJ/mol

S°(glucose) = 212.1 J/ K

S°(C₂H₅OH) = 160.7 J/K

S°(CO₂) = 213.7 J/K

[tex]C_6H_{12}O_6(s) --- > 2 C_2H_5OH(l) + 2 CO_2(g)[/tex]

Calculation of ΔH°:

ΔH° = 2*ΔH°f(C₂H₅OH) + 2ΔH°f(CO₂) - ΔH°f(glucose)

ΔH° = 2*(-277.7 kJ) + 2*(-393.5 kJ) - (-1274.5 kJ)

ΔH° = -555.4 kJ + (-787 kJ) +1274.5 kJ)

ΔH° = -67.9 kJ

Calculation of ΔS°:

ΔS° = 2*S°(C₂H₅OH)  + 2*S°(CO₂) - S°(glucose)

ΔS° = 2*(160.7 J/K) + 2(213.7 J/K) - 212.1 J/K

ΔS° = 321.4 + 427.4 J/K - 212.1 J/K

ΔS° = 536.7 J/K = 0.5367 kJ/K

Calculation of  ΔG°:

ΔG° =ΔH° - T*ΔS°

ΔG° = -67.9 kJ - 298K * 0.5367 kJ/K

ΔG° = -227.8 kJ

Since, ΔS° is positive and ΔH° is negative, ΔG° will be negative,

ΔG° is negative at all temperatures.

A negative ΔG° means the reaction is spontaneous at all temperatures.

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Two objects of the same size will not have the same mass.

Explanation:

Mass is the amount of the matter present in an object.

If the size and shape differs then the mass in that object will also differ.

For example, if we take 2 balls of the same size namely one plastic ball and other one rubber ball.

Both the balls are of same size, but the mass present in plastic ball is lesser when compared to the rubber ball.

So rubber ball has more mass than the plastic ball, and so it is concluded that two objects of the same size will not always have the same mass.

Answer:

Different objects contain different amounts of matter, even if they are the same size. Therefore, two objects of the same size can have different masses.

Explanation:

sample response on edg :)

Answer:

50

Explanation:

To find the volume of the gas at 90.0°C, Charles's Law is applied after converting the temperatures to Kelvin. The new volume is found to be approximately 1.16 L.

The student asked: What is the volume of a gas at 90.0°C, if it occupies 1.41 L at 170°C? To solve this question, we will assume that the pressure and the amount of gas remain constant and apply Charles's Law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature in Kelvin. Hence, we can set up the following ratio based on Charles's Law: V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂ , where V₁ is the initial volume, T₁ is the initial temperature, V₂ is the final volume we want to find, and T₂ is the final temperature.

First, we need to convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvin (where K = °C + 273.15). This gives us T₁ = 170°C + 273.15 = 443.15 K and T₂ = 90.0°C + 273.15 = 363.15 K. Now we can use Charles's Law:

V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂
1.41 L / 443.15 K = V₂ / 363.15 K

Now, solve for V₂:

V₂ = V₁ × (T₂/T₁)
V₂ = 1.41 L × (363.15 K / 443.15 K)
V₂ ≈ 1.41 L × (0.8195)
V₂ ≈ 1.16 L

The correct answer for the volume of the gas at 90.0°C is approximately 1.16 L.

Answer:

80joules

Explanation:

1/2mv²

1/2x40x2²

1/2x40x4

1/2x160

=80joules

Answer:

The correct option is;

f

Explanation:

Here we have the activation energy is the minimum energy that is needed to allow a reaction to take place. The activation energy is the energy atoms or molecules need to be in a state where they can take part in a chemical reaction or a physical transport.

In the diagram, It is the amount of energy to be added to the energy in the reactants in their initial state which is on the left plateau on the reaction-energy chart, to the transition state which is the peak of the chart.

Answer:

see explanation below

Explanation:

To do this exercise, we need to use the following expression:

P = nRT/V

This is the equation for an ideal gas. so, we have the temperature of 22 °C, R is the gas constant which is 0.082 L atm / mol K, V is the volume in this case, 5 L, and n is the moles, which we do not have, but we can calculate it.

For the case of the oxygen (AW = 16 g/mol):

n = 30.6 / 32 = 0.956 moles

For the case of helium (AW = 4 g/mol)_

n = 15.2 / 4 = 3.8 moles

Now that we have the moles, let's calculate the pressures:

P1 = 0.956 * 0.082 * 295 / 5

P1 = 4.63 atm

P2 = 3.8 * 0.082 * 295 / 5

P2 = 18.38 atm

Finally the total pressure:

Pt = 4.63 + 18.38

Pt = 23.01 atm

The partial pressures are [tex]\( P_{\text{He}} = 18.40 \, \text{atm} \)[/tex], [tex]\( P_{\text{O}_2} = 4.63 \, \text{atm} \)[/tex]. The total pressure in the tank is [tex]\( P_{\text{total}} = 23.03 \, \text{atm} \)[/tex].

To calculate the partial pressure of each gas and the total pressure in the tank, we will use the ideal gas law, [tex]\( PV = nRT \)[/tex], where [tex]\( P \)[/tex] is the pressure, [tex]\( V \)[/tex] is the volume, [tex]\( n \)[/tex] is the number of moles, [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is the ideal gas constant, and [tex]\( T \)[/tex] is the temperature in Kelvin.

First, convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:

[tex]\[ T = 22^\circ \text{C} + 273.15 = 295.15 \text{ K} \][/tex]

The ideal gas constant [tex]\( R \)[/tex] is [tex]\( 0.0821 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \)[/tex].

Next, calculate the number of moles of each gas:

1. Helium (He):

[tex]\[\text{Molar mass of He} = 4.00 \, \text{g/mol}\][/tex]

[tex]\[n_{\text{He}} = \frac{15.2 \, \text{g}}{4.00 \, \text{g/mol}} = 3.80 \, \text{mol}\][/tex]

2. Oxygen [tex](O\(_2\))[/tex]:

[tex]\[\text{Molar mass of O}_2 = 32.00 \, \text{g/mol}\][/tex]

[tex]\[n_{\text{O}_2} = \frac{30.6 \, \text{g}}{32.00 \, \text{g/mol}} = 0.956 \, \text{mol}\][/tex]

Now, calculate the partial pressure of each gas using the ideal gas law:

1. Partial pressure of Helium:

[tex]\[P_{\text{He}} = \frac{n_{\text{He}}RT}{V}\][/tex]

[tex]\[P_{\text{He}} = \frac{3.80 \, \text{mol} \times 0.0821 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \times 295.15 \, \text{K}}{5.00 \, \text{L}}\][/tex]

[tex]\[P_{\text{He}} = \frac{91.99}{5.00} = 18.40 \, \text{atm}\][/tex]

2. Partial pressure of Oxygen:

[tex]\[P_{\text{O}_2} = \frac{n_{\text{O}_2}RT}{V}\][/tex]

[tex]\[P_{\text{O}_2} = \frac{0.956 \, \text{mol} \times 0.0821 \, \text{L} \cdot \text{atm} \cdot \text{mol}^{-1} \cdot \text{K}^{-1} \times 295.15 \, \text{K}}{5.00 \, \text{L}}\][/tex]

[tex]\[P_{\text{O}_2} = \frac{23.14}{5.00} = 4.63 \, \text{atm}\][/tex]

Finally, the total pressure in the tank is the sum of the partial pressures:

[tex]\[P_{\text{total}} = P_{\text{He}} + P_{\text{O}_2}\][/tex]

[tex]\( P_{\text{total}} = 23.03 \, \text{atm} \)[/tex].

Answer:

cell membrane

ribosome

cytoplasm

Explanation:

Just believe in me

The structures that are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are:

The main parts of all cells in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes are the cell or plasma membrane, and the compartment that it encloses, called the cytoplasm.

The cell membrane is characterized by being semi-permeable, dynamic and with the ability to be modified.

The cytoplasm fulfills three functions which are:

Ribosomes are responsible for intervening in protein biosynthesis in the cytoplasm.

Therefore, we can conclude that the structures that are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells are cell membrane, ribosome

and cytoplasm

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Answer:A equal to

Explanation:

Final answer:

The mechanical energy lost by the golf ball is equal to the heat energy gained by the ball, grass, and air due to the law of conservation of energy.

Explanation:

The amount of mechanical energy lost by the golf ball is equal to the amount of heat energy gained by the ball, grass, and air molecules due to friction. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred from one form to another. In this situation, the 12 joules of mechanical energy initially present in the golf ball is reduced to 4 joules after some time. The difference, which is 8 joules, is the amount of energy that has been transformed into heat due to the forces of friction acting on the ball by the grass and air.

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

Answer:

Water

Ammonium nitrate/Soluble in

Ammonium Carbonate is water-soluble and decomposes in hot water.

The statement which describes the energy changes that occur as bonds are broken and formed during a chemical reaction is: 3. Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken, and energy is released when bonds are formed.

A chemical bond can be defined as the forces of attraction that are existing between ions, crystals, atoms or molecules and they are mainly responsible for the formation of new chemical compounds.

In Chemistry, the amount of energy that is required to break one (1) mole of a particular chemical bond is referred to as bond energy. Also, bond energy is measured in kJ/mol.

Generally, chemical bonds are broken when energy is absorbed such as in an endothermic reaction while chemical bonds are formed when energy is released such as in an exothermic reaction.

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Energy is absorbed to break chemical bonds and released when new bonds form during a chemical reaction; the overall energy change depends on the balance of these processes.

The statement that describes the energy changes that occur as bonds are broken and formed during a chemical reaction is: "Energy is absorbed when bonds are broken, and energy is released when bonds are formed." During a chemical reaction, there is an initial investment of energy required to break the chemical bonds of reactants. This is because bonds have potential energy or "stored energy" that must be overcome. When new bonds form in the products of the reaction, this stored energy is released, usually as heat. Whether the entire chemical process is endothermic (absorbing energy) or exothermic (releasing energy) depends on the balance between the energy required to break bonds and the energy released upon forming them.

Answer:

The answer to your question is a) 51.07 g of NiBr₂   b) Nickel, 54 g

Explanation:

Data

mass of NiBr₂ = ?

mass if Ni = 67.8 g

mass of Br = 37.3 g

Balanced chemical reaction

                Ni  +  Br₂   ⇒   NiBr₂

Process

1.- Find the atomic mass of the reactants and the molar mass of the product

Ni = 59 g

Br = 79.9 x 2 = 159.8 g

NiBr₂ = 59 + 159.8 = 218.8 g

2.- Find the limiting reactant

theoretical yield  Ni/Br₂ = 59/159.8 = 0.369

experimental yield Ni/Br₂ = 67.8/37.3 = 1.81

The limiting reactant is Bromine because the experimental yield was lower than the theoretical yield.

3.- Calculate the mass of NiBr₂

                    159.8 g of Br₂ --------------- 218.8 g of NiBr₂

                      37.3 g of Br₂ --------------  x

                          x = (37.3 x 218.8) / 159.8

                          x = 8161.24/159.8

                          x = 51.07 g of NiBr₂

4.- Find the excess reactant

The excess reactant is Nickel

                59 g of Ni ---------------- 159.8 g of Br₂

                  x               ----------------  37.3 g of Br₂

                            x = (37.3 x 59)/159.8

                            x = 2200.7/159.8

                            x = 13.77 g of Ni

Excess Ni = 67.8 - 13.77

                 = 54 g

Final answer:

The maximum number of grams of nickel bromide that can be produced is 50.911 grams. Bromine is the limiting reactant, and there will be 54.124 grams of excess nickel left over after the reaction.

Explanation:

To determine the maximum number of grams of nickel bromide (NiBr₂) that can be produced from 67.8 g of nickel (Ni) and 37.3 g of bromine (Br₂), we first need to write the balanced chemical equation: Ni + Br₂ → NiBr₂

Next, we calculate the molar mass of nickel (Ni) as approximately 58.69 g/mol and bromine (Br₂) as approximately 159.808 g/mol. Using these values, we convert the given masses of nickel and bromine to moles.

67.8 g Ni × (1 mol Ni / 58.69 g Ni) = 1.155 moles Ni
37.3 g Br₂ × (1 mol Br₂ / 159.808 g Br₂) = 0.233 moles Br₂

The balanced equation shows a 1:1 molar ratio between Ni and Br₂; therefore, the limiting reactant is the one with fewer moles. In this case, Br₂ is the limiting reactant since 0.233 moles Br₂ is less than 1.155 moles Ni. To calculate the maximum mass of NiBr₂ produced, we use the molar mass of NiBr₂ (approximately 218.498 g/mol):

0.233 moles Br₂ × (1 mol NiBr₂ / 1 mol Br₂) × (218.498 g NiBr₂ / 1 mol NiBr₂) = 50.911 grams NiBr₂

Nickel is in excess, and to find the excess mass, we calculate how much Ni is used to react with all the Br₂:

0.233 moles Br₂ × (1 mol Ni / 1 mol Br₂) × (58.69 g Ni / 1 mol Ni) = 13.676 grams Ni used

Subtracting the amount of Ni used from the original mass gives us the excess mass of Ni:

67.8 g Ni - 13.676 g Ni used = 54.124 grams Ni left over