The strength of an Arrhenius base is determined by its ability to form hydroxide ions in solution, with strong bases fully dissociating and weak bases partially dissociating. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is a strong base that dissociates completely, while ammonia (NH3) is a weak base that only partially dissociates.
Explanation:The strength of an Arrhenius base is determined by its tendency to form hydroxide ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution. This process is described by the reaction B(aq) + H2O(l) ⇒ HB+(aq) + OH-(aq), where B stands for the base and HB+ is its conjugate acid after accepting a proton from water. Strong bases completely dissociate in water, releasing a large amount of hydroxide ions, whereas weak bases only partially dissociate, resulting in a smaller amount of hydroxide ions.
An example of a strong base in aqueous solution is sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which fully dissociates to form Na+ and OH-. An example of a weak base is ammonia (NH3), which only partially dissociates in water, forming ammonium (NH4+) and hydroxide ions.
The relative strength of a base can also be quantified by its base-ionization constant (Kb). A larger Kb value indicates a stronger base, which means a higher concentration of hydroxide ions is produced in solution.
What is the volume occupied by 51.0 g of ammonia gas (nh3) at stp?
Answer : The volume of ammonia gas at STP is, 67.2 liters
Explanation : Given,
Mass of ammonia = 51.0 g
Molar mass of ammonia = 17 g/mole
As we know that,
At STP, 1 mole of gas contains 22.4 L volume of gas.
First we have to calculate the moles of ammonia gas.
[tex]\text{Moles of }NH_3=\frac{\text{Mass of }NH_3}{\text{Molar mass of }NH_3}=\frac{51.0g}{17g/mole}=3mole[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the volume of ammonia gas at STP.
As, 1 mole of ammonia gas contains 22.4 L volume of ammonia gas
So, 3 moles of ammonia gas contains [tex]3\times 22.4L=67.2L[/tex] volume of ammonia gas
Therefore, the volume of ammonia gas at STP is, 67.2 liters
What is a functional group?
a group of organic molecules that work together to speed up reactions
a group of living things that are made up of organic compounds
a group of organs in the body that work together to perform a certain function
a group of atoms bonded to carbon that determines how the molecule will react
Answer:
A group of atoms bonded to carbon that determines how the molecule will react
Explanation:
Functional groups are atom or groups of atom attached to the organic compound in a specific manner.
Some of the examples of functional groups are:
-COOH, -Cl, -OH, -NO2, -COCl, -C=O, etc.
Functional groups determines the characteristics chemical properties of a organic compound.
The different organic compounds having same functional group undergoes same or similar type of reaction.
Calculate the amounts requested if 3.30 mol Fe2O3 completely react according to the following equation. Fe2O3 + 2Al --> 2Fe + Al2O3
a. moles of aluminum needed
b. moles of iron formed
c. moles of aluminum oxide formed
When oil and water are mixed vigorously, the oil is broken up into tiny droplets that are dispersed throughout the water. this dispersed mixture is a(n)?
Decreasing the particle size of the reactants in a chemical reaction will increase the rate of reaction by
A) increasing the concentration of the reactants.
B) increasing the surface area of the reactants.
C) increasing the activation energy.
D) increasing the temperature.
Answer: B) increasing the surface area of the reactants.
Explanation:
Decreasing the particle size of the reactants in a chemical reaction will increase the rate of reaction by increasing the surface area of the reactants. Hence, option B is correct.
What is a chemical reaction?A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the transformation of one set of chemical substances into another. It involves breaking and forming chemical bonds between atoms and molecules to form new substances.
In a chemical reaction, the reacting substances are called reactants, and the newly formed substances are called products.
Decreasing the particle size of the reactants in a chemical reaction will increase the rate of reaction by increasing the surface area of the reactants that are available for the reaction.
When the particle size is reduced, the total surface area of the reactant particles is increased, which makes it easier for the particles to collide and react with one another.
Thus, option B is correct.
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Gas stoichiometry: what volume of oxygen at 25 degrees celsius and 1.04 atm is needed for the complete combustion of 5.53 grams of propane?
Final answer:
To find the volume of oxygen needed to combust 5.53 grams of propane, calculate the moles of propane, use the stoichiometric relationship to find the moles of oxygen required, and then apply the ideal gas law to find the volume, resulting in 14.79 liters of oxygen needed.
Explanation:
Gas Stoichiometry of Propane Combustion
To determine the volume of oxygen at 25 degrees Celsius and 1.04 atm needed for the complete combustion of 5.53 grams of propane, we need to use stoichiometry and the ideal gas law. The balanced equation for the combustion of propane C3H8 is:
C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)
First, we convert the mass of propane into moles using its molar mass:
5.53 g C3H8 × (1 mol C3H8 / 44.11 g C3H8) = 0.1253 mol C3H8
According to the balanced equation, 1 mole of propane reacts with 5 moles of oxygen. Therefore, we need:
0.1253 mol C3H8 × (5 mol O2 / 1 mol C3H8) = 0.6265 mol O2
Now, we use the ideal gas law, PV=nRT, to find the volume of oxygen. First, adjust R to match the pressure in atm and volume in liters:
1.04 atm × V = 0.6265 mol × 0.0821 L×atm/mol×K × 298.15 K
Solving for V gives us the volume of oxygen needed:
V = (0.6265 mol × 0.0821 L×atm/mol×K × 298.15 K) / 1.04 atm = 14.79 L
Therefore, 14.79 liters of oxygen at 25 degrees Celsius and 1.04 atm are required for the complete combustion of 5.53 grams of propane.
How many grams of solute are present in 615 ml of 0.630 m kbr?
The ph of lemon juice is approximately 2.40. at this ph, the hydronium ion concentration is closest to which concentration? 4.0 × 10¯3 m 0.38 m 5.6 × 10¯4 m 2.5 × 10¯12 m
Why could a diet low in carbohydrates be dangerous?
A-The increased level of starches would provide excess energy.
B-The body could break down proteins from muscles for energy.
C-The increased level of fats could provide too many vitamins.
D-The body could take in too much dietary fiber, which harms cells.
Answer: Option B.
Explanation:
Low diet carbohydrates are the diets that limits the consumption of carbohydrates.
In low diet carbohydrates, food rich in carbohydrates are replaced by fat or proteins and suggested for the effective plan for weight loss.
Carbohydrates act as primary source of energy, in the absence of less amount of carbohydrates, body breaks down protein and fat into ketone for primary energy source that allows the body to undergo state called ketosis.
Thus, The correct answer is option B.
How many milliliters of .45m hcl will neutralize 25ml of 1m koh?
Which would show an example of how physical changes are reversible ?
Answer:
Non-destructive physical changes
Explanation:
Hi, this is not a rule but most of the non-destructive physical changes are reversible.
In that group of changes you may find:
State changes (solidification, evaporation, etc.)Adsortion and desortionTemperature changes MixturesThink of a physical change and then try to figure out which process can reverse that.
When a 2.5 mol of sugar (C12H22O11) are added to a certain amount of water the boiling point is raised by 1 Celsius degree. If 2.5 mol of aluminum nitrate is added to the same amount of water, by how much will the boiling point be changed? Use 3 – 4 sentences to explain your answer.
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Answer is: boiling point will be changed by 4°C.
Chemical dissociation of aluminium nitrate in water: Al(NO₃)₃ → Al³⁺(aq) + 3NO⁻(aq).
Change in boiling point: ΔT =i · Kb · b.
Kb - molal boiling point elevation constant of water is 0.512°C/m, this the same for both solution.
b - molality, moles of solute per kilogram of solvent., this is also same for both solution, because ther is same amount of substance.
i - Van't Hoff factor.
Van't Hoff factor for sugar solution is 1, because sugar do not dissociate on ions.
Van't Hoff factor for aluminium nitrate solution is approximately 4, because it dissociates on four ions (one aluminium cation and three nitrate anions). So ΔT is four times bigger.
The answer should be 4°C....
What causes a ball rolling across a rug to slow to a stop
Answer:
Friction
Explanation:
Friction is a force that slows down moving objects. If you roll a ball across a shaggy rug, you can see that there are lumps and bumps in the rug that make the ball slow down. The rubbing, or friction, between the ball and the rug is what makes the ball stop rolling.
See the picture to answer the question
the solid line is the results obtained when no catalyst was used and the broken line is the results obtained when a catalyst was used .how much energy must the system absorb for the reaction to start if no catalyst was used?
How is the energy divided up in the plant
Explanation:
Plants veins provide energy to the rest of the plant and it also provides structure and support to the plant leaves and also transport water. When plants absorb water and nutrients through their roots, their vascular system come in use to move water and nutrients to the rest part of the plants. There are two types of tissue that make up the plants veins are xylem and phloem. Xylem moves water and minerals from the plants's roots and phloem moves food energy to all parts of plant where the plants need it.
A person moves a book from a 30-cm high coffee table to the top shelf of a bookshelf approximately 2.5 m high. Which statement correctly describes the gravitational potential energy of the book? It has more gravitational potential energy on the table than on the shelf, It has more gravitational potential energy on the shelf than on the table,Its gravitational potential energy is constant regardless of its position?
Anyone good with chemistry? number five and six please?!
Given the decomposition reaction: 2so3(g) → 2so2 (g) + o2 (g) according to le châtelier's principle, which side of the reaction will be favored when more oxygen is added to the reaction chamber?
Virtually all chemical reactions are accompanied by the liberation or uptake of heat. If we regard heat as a "reactant" or "product" in an endothermic or exothermic reaction respectively, we can use the Le Châtelier principle to predict the direction in which an increase or decrease in temperature will shift the equilibrium state. Thus for the oxidation of nitrogen, an endothermic process, we can write
[heat] + N2(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO(g)
Suppose this reaction is at equilibrium at some temperature T1 and we raise the temperature to T2. The Le Châtelier principle tells us that a net reaction will occur in the direction that will partially counteract this change. Since the reaction is endothermic, a shift of the equilibrium to the right will take place.
Answer:
C. the reactants will be favored.
Explanation:
4
Amelia is classifying plants in science lab. Her teacher describes a plant that has leaves, stems, roots, and that produces fruit.
How should Amelia classify the plant?
A.
moss
B.
non-flowering plant
C.
fern
D.
flowering plantAmelia is classifying plants in science lab. Her teacher describes a plant that has leaves, stems, roots, and that produces fruit. How should Amelia classify the plant
Answer:
D. flowering plant
Explanation:
Option A is incorrect because moss is a thalloid plant with no true plant body.
Option B is incorrect because the plant could not have produced fruits without flowering.
Option C is incorrect because ferns do not produce fruits.
The correct option is D. Flowering plants produce fruits and posses true leaves, stems and roots. The ovule of the flower becomes the seed after fertilization and the ovary becomes the fruit.
Why do we use a double arrow in the dissociation equation for a weak acid answer?
The strength of an Arrhenius
acid determines percentage of ionization of acid and the number of H⁺ ions formed.
Strong acids completely ionize in water and give large amount ofhydrogen ions (H⁺), so we use only one arrow, because reaction goes in one direction and there no molecules of acid in solution.
For example hydrochloric acid: HCl(aq) → H⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq).
Weak acid partially ionize in water and give only a few hydrogen ions (H⁺), in the solution there molecules of acid and ions.
For example cyanide acid: HCN(aq) ⇄ H⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq).
A double arrow is used in the dissociation equation for a weak acid to denote that the reaction is an equilibrium, indicating a reversible process where the weak acid partially dissociates and exists in dynamic balance with its ions.
Explanation:We use a double arrow in the dissociation equation for a weak acid to indicate that the reaction does not go to completion and remains at equilibrium. A weak acid partially donates its protons to the solution, leading to a dynamic equilibrium where the dissociation and re-association of the acid and its ions occur simultaneously. The double arrow (↔) represents the forward (acid losing a proton) and reverse (ion gaining a proton) reactions that happen at the same rate when the system is at equilibrium.
For example, the dissociation of acetic acid (CH₃COOH) in water is typically represented as:
CH₃COOH(aq) + H₂O(l) ↔ H₃O+ (aq) + CH₃COO(aq)
The corresponding equilibrium constant (Ka) for this reaction reflects the acid's tendency to dissociate and is calculated by the formula Ka = [H₃O+][CH₃COO] / [CH₃COOH]. A higher Ka value indicates a stronger acid, meaning it dissociates more. However, in weak acids, since they are not fully dissociated, their Ka values are relatively small.
What volume of 0.205 m k3po4 solution is necessary to completely react with 130 ml of 0.0116 m nicl2?
J. J. Thomson
A) Electrons are in orbital levels.
John Dalton
B) Atoms are the smallest unit of an element.
Ernest Rutherford
C) Electrons are scattered within the atom.
Niels Bohr
D) Protons are at the center of an atom.
What is the hydronium ion concentration in a solution of HCl that has a pH of 4.65? × 10n M n = What is the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution of NH3 with a pOH of 4.65? × 10n M n =
Answer:What is the hydronium ion concentration in a solution of HCl that has a pH of 4.65? Round to the nearest hundredth.
2.24 × 10n Mn = -5
What is the hydroxide ion concentration in a solution of NH3 with a pOH of 4.65? Round to the nearest hundredth.
2.24 × 10n Mn = -5
Explanation:
If 29.0 l of methane, ch4, undergoes complete combustion at 0.961 atm and 140c, how many liters of each product would be present at the same temperature and pressure
What volume, in milliliters, of 2.0 calcium chloride stock solution would you use to make 500 ml of 0.300 m of calcium chloride cacl2 solution?
Use the changes in oxidation numbers to identify which atoms are oxidized and which are reduced in each reaction.
Final answer:
By assigning oxidation numbers, it is determined that Sr and O in H₂O are oxidized, while S in SO₃ and Kr are reduced in the given reactions. This identifies the substances undergoing oxidation and reduction.
Explanation:
To identify what is being oxidized and what is being reduced in each redox reaction, we first assign oxidation numbers to each atom in the reaction. The element whose oxidation number increases is oxidized, acting as the reducing agent. Conversely, the element whose oxidation number decreases is reduced, acting as the oxidizing agent.
Sr + SO₃ → SrSO₃: Sr goes from 0 to +2 (oxidized), and S in SO₃ goes from +4 to +6 (reduced).2KrF₂ + 2H₂O → 2Kr + 4HF + O₂: Kr goes from +2 to 0 (reduced), O in H₂O goes from -2 to 0 (oxidized).SO₃ + SCl₂ → SOCl₂ + SO₂: S in SO₃ goes from +6 to +4 in SO₂ (reduced), Cl in SCl₂ goes from +1 to -1 in SOCl₂ (oxidized).By tracking these changes in oxidation numbers, we can easily determine which substances are oxidized and which are reduced in these reactions. Remember, the oxidized substance loses electrons, and the reduced one gains electrons, according to the concept of redox reactions.
According to Charles's law, under which conditions will the volume of a given amount of gas be proportional to temperature? when pressure and the number of moles increase when pressure and the number of moles decrease when pressure and the number of moles remain constant when the atmospheric pressure is 1.019 atm
Answer: when pressure and the number of moles remain constant
Explanation:
Charles' Law: This law states that volume is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.
[tex]V\propto T[/tex] (At constant pressure and number of moles)
[tex]{V_1\times T_1}={V_2\times T_2}[/tex]
where,
[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of gas
[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of gas
[tex]T_1[/tex] = initial temperature of gas
[tex]T_2[/tex] = final temperature of gas
Therefore, the volume of gas is proportional to temperature when pressure and number of moles are constant.
A 55.50 g gas sample of a gas, at stp, has a volume of 15.0 l. calculate the molecular mass of the gas
The molecular mass of the gas is approximately 80.15 g/mol.
Explanation:To calculate the molecular mass of the gas, we first need to determine the number of moles of the gas. We can use the ideal gas law equation: PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.
At STP (standard temperature and pressure), the pressure is 1 atm and the temperature is 273 K.
The volume of the gas is given as 15.0 L. We can rearrange the equation to solve for n, the number of moles:
n = PV / RT.
Substituting the given values, we have:
n = (1 atm) * (15.0 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K * 273 K).
Calculating this gives us n
= 0.6926 mol.
To calculate the molecular mass, we can divide the mass of the gas sample (55.50 g) by the number of moles (0.6926 mol).
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What is the chemical formula for the compound tetraphosphorus decasulfide?
The chemical formula for tetraphosphorus decasulfide is P4S10, consisting of four phosphorus atoms and ten sulfur atoms in the compound.
The chemical formula for the compound tetraphosphorus decasulfide is P4S10.
Phosphorus forms various compounds with different stoichiometries, and in this case, tetraphosphorus decasulfide consists of four phosphorus atoms bonded with ten sulfur atoms.
It is crucial to understand chemical formulas to identify elements and their quantities in compounds accurately.
What colors of visible light do green plant leave absorb the most