What did Antoine Lavoisier’s experiments demonstrate

In a Cl2 molecule, the two chlorine atoms share one pair of valence electrons, forming a single covalent bond. This bond is strong enough to keep the two atoms together as a diatomic molecule, which is the stable form of elemental chlorine at room temperature.

The atoms in a chlorine gas (Cl2) molecule share one pair of valence electrons. The type of covalent bond formed is a single covalent bond.

Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17, which means it has 17 protons in its nucleus and 17 electrons. The electron configuration of chlorine is [tex][Ne]3s^23p^5,[/tex] indicating that it has seven valence electrons in its outermost p orbital. To achieve a stable electron configuration, chlorine needs one more electron to complete its octet (eight electrons in the outer shell).

In a chlorine molecule (Cl2), two chlorine atoms come together and share their unpaired valence electrons to form a covalent bond. Each chlorine atom contributes one electron to the bond, resulting in a shared pair of electrons between the two atoms. This shared pair of electrons completes the octet for both chlorine atoms, making them more stable.

Since there is only one shared pair of electrons between the two chlorine atoms, the bond is classified as a single covalent bond. This is the weakest type of covalent bond, as it involves the sharing of only one pair of electrons. In contrast, double and triple covalent bonds involve the sharing of two and three pairs of electrons, respectively.

The correct answer is Thermal Energy

Thermal energy is the energy that comes from heat. This heat is generated by the movement of tiny particles within an object. The faster these particles move, the more heat is generated. Since the matchstick produces heat energy and heat is referred o thermal energy so it is the correct answer.

Answer: Option (B) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

The chemical energy stored in the bonds of a substance is known as chemical potential energy.

As potential energy is the energy obtained by the position of an object. So, in chemical bonds also energy is present at a particular position. Hence, the name chemical potential energy is given to it.

Thermal energy is defined as the internal energy of an object because of the kinetic energy present within the molecules of the object.

When sum of both potential and kinetic energy is taken together then the energy formed is known as mechanical energy.

So, in the given picture, match-stick is located at a particular position. Therefore, it has chemical potential energy.

Thus, we can conclude that chemical potential energy is represented here.

Answer:- 245 kPa.

Solution:- The pressure is given as 2.42 atm and we are asked to convert it to kPa. kPa stands for kilopascal.

1 atm = 101.325 kPa

We could use this conversion factor to convert given atm pressure to kPa as:

[tex]2.42atm(\frac{101.325kPa}{1atm})[/tex]

= 245 kPa

So, 2.42 atm pressure in kPa is 245.

Answer

When vibration of molecules increases, the temperature, internal energy and kinetic energy of the substance increases.

Explanations

The kinetic theory of matter explains that when vibration of molecules increase as a result of heat, molecules move faster and the space between atoms increases. The increased molecular motion results into expansion of the object which takes more space. Increased vibration can make a molecule absorb discrete amounts of energy through the various vibration modes. When the motion increases, the velocity of the entire molecule rises as a random Brownian movement to increase the kinetic energy and internal energy of the molecule.

Answer:

All of the above. Hope this hepls:)

stronger than aluminum

Answer:

The given blank can be filled with stronger than aluminium.

Explanation:

The metals, which have been mixed with other elements or metals to obtain new characteristics are known as alloys. The metal alloys generally provide more durability, greater strength, and flexibility over the base metal. One of the prime advantages of a metal alloy is that it can strengthen metal or can minimize cost, and at the same time sustaining some of its own substantial characteristics.  

In aluminum alloys, aluminum is the main metal amalgamated with magnesium, zinc, copper, or other metals.  

Explanation: When Iron(III) nitrate reacts with lithium hydroxide in their aqueous state produces Iron (III) hydroxide and Lithium nitrate in their aqueous state.

Balancing a chemical reaction: In a chemical equation, the total number of atoms and total charge on every element remains same on both reactant and product side.

Balanced Chemical reaction will be:

[tex]Fe(NO_3)_3(aq.)+3LiOH(aq.)\rightarrow Fe(OH)_3(aq.)+3LiNO_3(aq.)[/tex]

The balanced molecular equation is [tex]\boxed{{\text{Fe}}{{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)}_3}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{3LiOH}}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{Fe}}{{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)}_3}\left( {aq} \right) + 3{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)}[/tex].

Further Explanation:

The three types of equations that are used to represent the chemical reaction are as follows:

1. Molecular equation

2. Total ionic equation

3. Net ionic equation

The reactants and products remain in undissociated form in the molecular equation. In the case of the total ionic equation, all the ions that are dissociated and present in the reaction mixture are represented while in case of the overall or net ionic equation only the useful ions that participate in the reaction are represented.

The steps to write the molecular equation are as follows:

Step 1: Write the molecular equation for the reaction with the phases in the bracket.

In the reaction, [tex]{\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_3}[/tex] reacts with LiOH to form [tex]{\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_{\text{3}}}[/tex] and [tex]{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex]. The unbalanced chemical equation is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{LiOH}}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 2: Then we write the number of atoms of all the different elements that are present in a chemical reaction in the reactant side and product side separately.

• On reactant side,

Number of iron atom is 1.

Number of nitrogen atoms is 3.

Number of oxygen atoms is 7.

Number of lithium atom is 1.

Number of hydrogen atom is 1.

• On the product side,

Number of iron atom is 1.

Number of nitrogen atoms is 1.

Number of oxygen atoms is 6.

Number of lithium atom is 1.

Number of hydrogen atoms is 3.

Step 3: Initially, we try to balance the number of other atoms of elements except for carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen by multiplying with some number on any side. Lithium and iron atoms are balanced on both sides. To balance the number of nitrogen atoms, multiply [tex]{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_{\text{3}}}[/tex] by 3. Now the reaction is,

[tex]{\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + {\text{LiOH}}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + \boxed3{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 4: After this, we balance the number of atoms of carbon and then hydrogen atom followed by oxygen atoms. There is no carbon atom in the reaction. To balance the number of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, multiply LiOH by 3. Now the reaction is,

[tex]{\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + \boxed3{\text{LiOH}}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + \boxed3{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Step 5: Finally, we check the number of atoms of each element on both sides. If the number is same then the chemical equation is balanced. The balanced chemical equation is as follows:

[tex]{\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{N}}{{\text{O}}_3}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + 3{\text{LiOH}}\left( {aq} \right) \to {\text{Fe}}{\left( {{\text{OH}}} \right)_3}\left( {aq} \right) + 3{\text{LiN}}{{\text{O}}_3}\left( {aq} \right)[/tex]

Learn more:

1. Balanced chemical equation: https://brainly.com/question/1405182

2. Identify the precipitate in the reaction: https://brainly.com/question/8896163

Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Chemical reaction and equation

Keywords: Balancing, LiOH, LiNO3, Fe(NO3)3, Fe(OH)3, 1, 3, 6, 7, iron atoms, oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, nitrogen atoms, lithium atoms, 3 LiNO3, 3 LiOH.

1. The correct answer is B. Subscript; how many hydrogen molecules which are there  in that one molecule.

Chemical formula above is a superscript and it represents hydrogen molecules in one molecule.

2. The correct answer is C. No, the equation is not balanced. In the equation the oxygen it has less atoms which represents the products.

They seem to eat a lot ranging from woody plants to vines, though in the rainforest most of their diet is made up of Malaysia and plant material, to be more specific

So I would go with leaves, 50%

Flowers, buds, and insects, 10%

Fruits, 40%

--They also really like figs

Siamangs primarily rely on leaves for their diet, being folivorous, and are native to tropical forests of Southeast Asia where they feed on indigenous foliage.

Siamangs, the largest of the Hylobatidae family and classified among the \lesser apes\, are native to the tropical forests of Southeast Asia. They are quite distinct in their dietary habits, with a strong preference for being folivorous, meaning they primarily eat leaves. On the other hand, their relatives, the gibbons, are more \frugivorous\, favoring a diet composed mainly of fruit.

Siamangs are known for their large size—about twice that of gibbons—and their unique black coloration with large throat sacs used for their characteristic vocalizations. Unlike their larger ape counterparts, they do not make nests but instead sleep on their callused ischium resembling ischial callosities.

The domestication of plants in Thailand, a region within the siamangs' range, included the cultivation of various roots, cucumbers, peppers, and beans, and encouraged the growth of banana, coconut, sago, and breadfruit trees. Although siamangs are wild animals and do not rely on domesticated crops for food, their diet in natural habitats includes \foliage\ from indigenous plants found in the dense tropical forests of the region.

Yes metalloids happen to behave as an insulator, sometimes being electric.

The elements of Group 1 (the alkali metals) have the most reactive metals.

Cesium (Cs) is so reactive that it reacts explosively with water.

The alkali metal family contains the most reactive metals, with sodium (Na) as an example of a highly reactive alkali metal.

The most reactive metals are found in the alkali metal family, which is located in group 1 of the periodic table. The reactivity of metals in this group increases as you move down the group. An example of an alkali metal is sodium (Na), which is known for its high reactivity, especially with water, often producing hydrogen gas and a strong exothermic reaction.

Apart from alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals in group 2 are also relatively reactive but less so than alkali metals. For instance, calcium (Ca) is an alkaline earth metal that reacts with water, albeit less vigorously than sodium or other alkali metals. In contrast, the noble gases in group 18, such as helium (He) and neon (Ne), are known for their lack of reactivity, hence the term 'inert gases.'

The most accurate molecular model for the shape of a molecule is the space-filling model, which shows the 3D structure of a molecule based on VSEPR theory.

The type of molecular model that is most accurate to the shape of a molecule is the space-filling model. This model reflects the true 3D structure of the molecule, showing the atoms' relative positions as well as their relative sizes, based on valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory. VSEPR characterizes how electron groups are arranged around a central atom and how these arrangements affect the shape of the molecule. The space-filling model does not depict the bonds explicitly, in contrast with other models such as the ball-and-stick or the wedge-and-dash representations. Additionally, the molecular geometry can be predicted based on the number of electron groups and adjoining atoms, influencing factors like bond angles and the overall shape of the molecule.

Answer:- [tex]N_2O_3[/tex] has 2 atoms of nitrogen and 3 atoms of oxygen. [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] has 1 atom of calcium, 1 atom of carbon and 3 atoms of oxygen.

Explanations:- The numbers written as subscripts for the elements in formulas of the compounds represents the number of atoms of that particular element.

The first compound is [tex]N_2O_3[/tex] and in this the subscript of N is 2 and that of O is 3. It means it has 2 atoms of N and 3 atoms of O.

Second compound is [tex]CaCO_3[/tex] and in this the subscript of Ca is not shown it means it is 1, similarly the subscript of C is 1 and subscript of O is 3. So, the compound has 1 atom of Ca, 1 atom of C and 3 atoms of O.

Answer:- A. statements 1 and 2 are both true.

Explanations:- As per Le Chatelier's principle, a reaction shifts to the direction where it could oppose the change made to it at equilibrium. For example, if a reactant concentration is increased by adding it then the reaction shifts to the product side so that the added reaction could be used.

The reaction is exothermic in nature as heat is a product means the heat is released in the reaction.

So, if the heat is added then reaction must shift to the left side so that the added heat could be used.

Similarly, if the reaction mixture is cooled then reaction shifts to the right side so that the heat could be generated.

Hence, both the statements are true and A is the correct choice.

Answer:

A is correct

Explanation:

Answer is:  the percent by mass of benzoic acid in the powder is 18.41%.

1) Balanced chemical reaction:

C₆H₅COOH(aq) + NaOH(aq) → C₆H₅COONa(aq) + H₂O(l).

V(NaOH) = 35.3 mL ÷ 1000 mL/L.

V(NaOH) = 0.0353 L; volume of the sodium hydroxide.

c(NaOH) = 0.107 mol/L; molarity of the sodium hydroxide.

n(NaOH) = c(NaOH) · V(NaOH).

n(NaOH) = 0.0353 L · 0.107 mol/L.

n(NaOH) = 0.00378 mol; amount of the sodium hydroxide.

2) From balanced chemical reaction: n(NaOH) : n(C₆H₅COOH).

n(NaOH) = n(C₆H₅COOH).

n(C₆H₅COOH) = 0.0038 mol; amount of the benzoic acid.

M(C₆H₅COOH) = 122.12 g/mol; molar mass of the benzoic acid.

m(C₆H₅COOH) = n(C₆H₅COOH) · M(C₆H₅COOH).

m(C₆H₅COOH) = 0.0038 mol · 122.12 g/mol.

m(C₆H₅COOH) = 0.461 g; mass of the benzoic acid.

m(powder) = 2.505 g; mass of a powder.

ω(C₆H₅COOH) = m(C₆H₅COOH) ÷ m(powder) · 100%.

ω(C₆H₅COOH) = 0.461 g ÷ 2.505 g · 100%.

ω(C₆H₅COOH) = 18.41%; mass percentage of the benzoic acid in a powder.

To determine the percent by mass of benzoic acid in the powder, you can use the molar ratio between benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide as well as the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution and the volume used. Once you have the number of moles of benzoic acid, you can calculate the mass percentage by dividing the mass of benzoic acid by the mass of the powder sample and multiplying by 100.

Benzoic acid is a weak acid that can be neutralized by sodium hydroxide. In this experiment, a 2.505 g sample of the powder required 35.3 mL of a 0.107M sodium hydroxide solution to neutralize the acid. The molar ratio between benzoic acid and sodium hydroxide is 1:1, so the number of moles of benzoic acid can be calculated using the concentration of sodium hydroxide and the volume used. From there, the mass percentage of benzoic acid in the powder can be determined by dividing the mass of benzoic acid by the mass of the powder sample and multiplying by 100.

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The speed of visible light  is equal to the speed of gamma rays.

Both visible light and gamma rays travel through  a vacuum with the same speed which is about 3.0 x 10⁸ meters per second. Both visible light and gamma rays are electromagnetic waves which travel through space with the speed of light which is 3.0 x 10⁸ m/s. The speed of light is the fastest speed possible, nothing travels faster than the speed of light .

The speed of visible light is the same as the speed of gamma rays in a vacuum, both traveling at the constant speed of approximately 3.00 × 108 m/s. This speed is a fundamental universal constant for all electromagnetic waves, independent of their wavelength or frequency.

When discussing the speed of visible light compared to the speed of gamma rays in a vacuum, they both travel at the same speed. This speed is a fundamental constant known as c, which is equal to 299,792,458 m/s, often approximated to 3.00 × 108 m/s. The differences between visible light and gamma rays arise from their wavelength and frequency, which in turn determine their energy levels, with gamma rays having a much shorter wavelength and higher energy compared to visible light. However, these differences do not affect their speed in a vacuum.

All electromagnetic waves, whether they are visible light or gamma rays, travel at this constant speed in a vacuum. This concept is a central part of Einstein's theory of relativity and underscores the fact that the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal physical constant, regardless of the motion of the source or the observer.

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it is b ...................

it is b no problem underwater

Explanation:

As it is known that volume of an irregular object cannot be measured because we cannot measure the volume of a curve.

As a result, if we immerse an irregular solid object into a beaker or container filled with water then the volume of water displaced by the object will be equal to the volume of object itself.

Hence, we get to know the volume of irregular solid object by doing so that is why, water displacement is an effective way of measuring the volume of an irregular solid.

Use equation:  

PV = nRT  

1.4*V = 1*0.082057*332  

V = 27.24/1.4  

V = 19.46L  

Molar mass H2S = 2+32 = 34g/mol  

34g H2S has volume 19.46L  

Density = mass / volume = 34/19.46 = 1.75 g/L

Answer:

C)

Explanation:

In Chemistry, equilibrium means that in a system A + B ↔ C + D, both the reaction and the opposite reaction are happening at the same rate.

In the example, this would mean that C and D are being produced at the same rate that C and D convert into A and B. In other words, the concentration of both reactants and products remains constant.

Thus the answer is C.

Answer is: They are often amines.

For example, solution of methylamine (CH₃NH₂) in water.

Balnced chemical reaction:  

CH₃NH₂(aq)+ H₂O(l) ⇌ CH₃NH₃⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq).

According to  Bronsted-Lowry theory acid are donor of protons and bases are acceptors of protons (the hydrogen cation or H⁺).

Methylamine (CH₃NH₂) is Bronsted base and it can accept proton and become conjugate acid (CH₃NH₃⁺).

Answer:   Knowledge gained by observation or measurement

Explanation: Empirical formula is the formula which is used to determine the basic molecular formula of any compound.

It is determine by the knowledge of the small small particularities of the elements present in the compound.

Thus emperical evidence is the knowledge gained by observation or measurement.

Speed is the distance travelled per unit time.

speed.  and to go fast as fu*k boi

A stable isotope has just the right number of neutrons for the number of protons (the n:p ratio) to hold the nucleus together against the repulsions of the protons.

A radioactive isotope has either too few or too many neutrons for the nucleus to be stable,

The nucleus will then emit alpha, beta, or gamma radiation in an attempt to become more stable.  

I guess you are asking what world should go at the beginning of the sentence. If I am right, it is energy.

Answer:

energy

Explanation:

The answer is: C) Atom D has a Zeff of 6 and is therefore to the right of Atom E, which has a Zeff of 5.

The statement that best explains the position of the two atoms in the periodic table is as follows: Atom D has a Zeff of 6 and is therefore to the right of Atom E, which has a Zeff of 5 (option C).

Periodic table in chemistry is a tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).

The effective nuclear charge (Zeff) on an electron is estimated by subtracting the number of electrons between the nucleus and the electron in question (the number of non-valence electrons) from the number of protons in the nucleus (atomic number).

According to this question, two atoms with their electron configuration is given. Atom D and E have Zeff of 6 and 5 respectively.

This means that option C is correct.

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A.  increase the temperature of the water the higher the temp the more soluble

Answer: Option (A) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

When we increase he temperature then the molecules of sugar ans water will start to vibrate with more energy.

As a result, sugar molecules will spread widely into the water and thus, they will start to dissolve. So, sugar molecules being polar in nature will dissolve easily in polar solve (water) as like dissolve like.

Thus, we can conclude that the action of increasing the water temperature would make sugar more soluble in water.

There are four Earth's spheres: the geosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere.

The spheres interact with one other. For example, plants (biosphere) produce oxygen (atmosphere) from carbon dioxide (atmosphere).

Substances in different spheres are recycled and turned into other phases and forms. This is important cycle and without that, there is no life on Earth.

(102 900 ÷ 12) + (170 × 1.27) = 8800

Step 1. Evaluate the expressions inside the parentheses (PEMDAS)

102 900 ÷ 12 = 8575

170 × 1.27 = 215.9

In multiplication and division problems, your answer can have no more significant figures than the number with the fewest significant figures.

Thus, the underlined digits are not significant, but we keep them in our calculator to avoid roundoff error.

Step 2. Do the addition (PEMDAS).

   8575

+    215.9

= 8790.9

Everything that you add to an insignificant digit gives an insignificant digit as an answer.

Thus, the underlined digits are not significant.

We must drop them and round up the answer to 8800.

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) = AgCl(s) + NaNO3  

MWt AgNO3 = 169.87; AgCl = 143.32  

From the eqn 169.87 g of AgNO3 yield 143.32 g of AgCl  

1.000g of AgNO3 yield 143.32/169.87 g of AgCl  

Hence 4.27 g will yield (143.32/169.87)×4.27 g of AgCl  

= 3.60 g of AgCl which is the theoretical yield.  

% yield = (2.56/3.60)× 100 = 71.1%  

A skilled chemist (e.g., Marie Curie) would get close to 100%.

i think its B Hope this helps :D