Answer:
degree of progress
Explanation:
Human Development Index , it is the statistic composite index of life expectancy , per capita income and education , which helps to rank the countries into 4 categories .
The example is as follows -
work , education , sheltered , voting , well fed , doings etc .
Thus, human development index is a measure of progress in key dimensions of human development .
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) Which of the following formed at a convergent plate tectonic boundary? Marianas Trench Mid-Atlantic Ridge Molokai fracture zone San Andreas fault Great Rift Valley
Answer: Option (1)
Explanation:
The earth is made up of numerous small and large plates and they are considered as the lithospheric plates. They are of two types, namely the continental plate (crust) and the oceanic plate (crust). These plates constantly move over the layer of Asthenosphere due to the convection current that forms in the mantle. This currents are formed due to the heat energy radiated from the core of the earth.
This plate motion takes places in three forms, such as-
(a) Divergent plate motion
(b) Convergent plate motion
(c) Transform plate motion
In a convergent plate motion, two plates moves towards each other. It can be either continental-continental or oceanic-oceanic or oceanic continental collision. Due to this crashing of the plates, a subduction zone is formed that is marked by a deep sea trench and deep-focus earthquakes are generated. Also volcanic and island arcs are formed.
The Mariana trench is formed due to the collision between the Pacific plate and the Phillipine plate. It is the world's deepest trench having a depth of approximately 11 km.
Hence, the correct answer is option (1).
What would it be like to lead a low-energy lifestyle? Are people already successfully using less energy while maintaining a high quality of life? What are some of the challenges in convincing more people to embrace a low-energy lifestyle?
Answer and Explanation:
In the event that we talk about the present situation where everybody requires high measure of vitality to look after his/her way of life and any decrease in vitality is the greatest danger for some individuals, low vitality way of life is extreme for the vast majority of the individuals however this is the need of great importance. With common assets diminishing step by step and obviously their non inexhaustible made them comprehensive in nature we have to change to some economical method of living so our coming ages can have a touch of what we are getting a charge out of today.
There are individuals in different nations like Ireland where they are utilizing less vitality from no inexhaustible assets and repay their interest from different sources which are sustainable in nature (wind vitality, water vitality, vitality from waste and so forth.) and in this way keeping up their way of life entirely economical. The difficulties that is making this sort of low vitality way of life a test is the multifaceted nature engaged with different sustainable sources and the simplicity and solace given by traditional vitality sources.
it is possible for two stars to have different temperatures and different sizes but the same luminosity. explain how.
Answer:
Two stars (a and b) can have the same luminosity, but different surface area and temperature if the following condition is met:
(T_a^4)(R_a^2) = (T_b^4)(R_b^2)
Explanation:
The luminosity of a star is the total energy that produces in one second. It depends on the size of the star and its surface temperature.
L = σ(T^4)(4πR^2)
L is the luminosity f the star, T is the temperature of the surface of the star and R is its radius.
Two stars can have the same luminosity if the relation between the radius and the surface temperature is maintained.
To see this lets suposed you have 2 stars, a and b, and the luminosities of each one of them:
L_a = σ(T_a^4)(4πR_a^2)
L_b = σ(T_b^4)(4πR_b^2)
you can assume that L_a and L_b are equal:
σ(T_a^4)(4πR_a^2) = σ(T_b^4)(4πR_b^2)
Now, you can cancel the constants:
(T_a^4)(R_a^2) = (T_b^4)(R_b^2)
as long as this relation between a and b is true, then the luminosity can be the same.
Stars can have the same luminosity but different temperatures and sizes. This is because luminosity not only depends on a star's temperature, but also its size. Taking the example of the Sirius binary star system, the two stars have nearly the same temperature but differ in size, leading to very different luminosities.
Explanation:Yes, it is possible for two stars to have different temperatures and different sizes but the same luminosity. Luminosity is a term used to describe the total amount of energy emitted by a star per unit of time and depends on both its size and its surface temperature. If you increase the size of a star but decrease its temperature, or increase the temperature but decrease its size, you could end up with two stars of the same luminosity but different temperatures and sizes.
For example, in the Sirius binary star system, Sirius emits 8200 times more energy than its companion despite having nearly the same temperature. This is possible because the radii of the stars differ, leading to different luminosities. This can be visualized on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, which shows the relationship between the temperature and luminosity of stars.
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2. What human activity produces the majority of these gases in the U.S. 3. In a natural environment, what contributes to surface water alkalinity (resistance to change in pH)? 4. Explain how acid rain might negatively impact aquatic ecosystems.
Answer:
Human activity produces Carbon monoxide and dioxide, Sulphur and other pollutants.
Explanation:
Human activity produces various gases in the U.S like dust and other harmful chemicals like carbon dioxide and methane and nitrogen oxides as the industry produces 22%, transport produces 29% and electricity produce 28% of harmful toxin and gases that release every year in the air. Total alkalinity is affected by environmental factors like acid rains overtimes. Due to increased use of pollutant gases and continuous release of large matter in the air that over time destroys the oxygen content from river lakes and harms the vegetation cover. Acidic rain precipitation usually takes in the form of rain which has high acid components like sulfur and nitrogen oxides that react with the water molecules to form. this train consists of a mixture of sleet fog and dry acidifying particles that can break through the buildings. Thus in 1970 USA made an acid deposition act due to the increased emission rates of industrial pollutants. Beef, cheese, pork and lamb substance were found in this artificially induced rain. Many fish tend to die due to the river becoming acidic for them to survive.2. Which of the following only happens within the tropical latitudes?
A. The Sun reaches the zenith
B. The Sun rises in the west and sets in the east
C. The Sun is up for 24 hours at a time
D. The Sun does not cross the meridian
Answer:
Option (A)
Explanation:
The tropical region refers to the tropic of both the hemisphere. The tropical and the equatorial region receives a maximum amount of sunlight because the sun is directly overhead in this region. It is because of the tilting of the earth, and as a result of which the season comes into the picture. Due to this tilting of the earth and the relative position of the sun and earth, there occur four types of seasons and they are summer, autumn, winter, and spring.
Thus, the sun in these regions makes a zenith or it can be said that the sun is directly overhead in these regions.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).
The phenomenon that only happens within the tropical latitudes is A. The Sun reaches the zenith, occurring between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
Explanation:The correct answer to which phenomenon only happens within the tropical latitudes is A. The Sun reaches the zenith. This means that the Sun appears directly overhead at noon at least once during the year. This phenomenon only occurs between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, the latitudinal lines that mark the boundaries of the tropics. For example, when the Sun is at the celestial equator, as seen from the equator on Earth, it passes through the zenith. Options B, C, and D are not phenomena characteristic of tropical latitudes, as the Sun neither rises in the west and sets in the east nor is it visible for 24 hours straight or fails to cross the meridian in these regions.
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Question 11 Which object seems to fit the following trend the least: Higher density closer to the sun, lower density farther from the sun? a) Jupiter b) Mercury c) Neptune d) Pluto
Answer:
Mercury is considered to be most densest and Jupiter has least
Explanation:
As being a terrestrial planet mercury has a density of 5.427g/cm cube only slightly less than earth. As mercury is smaller as compared to the earth its thinner regions are subjected to fewer compressions and thus high density is believed to be of the iron-rich core. As nickel and iron are believed to make up 70% planet ms higher than other planets while the mass of silicate rocks account for 30%. Mercury has a gravity of 3.7m/s square. which is equivalent to 0.38 of earth's gravity. As a gas planet, Jupiter has a density of 1.326g.m/cm cube being a second densest gas planet in the solar system. Measured from the surface Jupiter's gravity is half that of the earth.Give two examples each of nominal,ordinal,and ratio scale data. For the ratio scale data indicate whether these are continuous or discrete variables.
Answer:
Examples are given below, an ratio scale is a continuous scale
Explanation:
The nominal scale is the first level of measurement, it is called the categorical variable and defined in terms of labeling. An example where do you live 1. city, 2. town, 3. suburb. Other examples of nominal scale are gender, political preference, and place of residence. The ordinal scale is the second level of measurement or simply depicts the ordered variables. Examples of ordinal scale are the order of product quality, the status of the workplace. Variables can vary from grade, satisfaction, and happiness. The ratio scale is the fourth level of measurement. It measures the variable from the order of true zero. Inferential and descriptive analysis is used to apply on variables. Some examples of ratio scales are height, weight less than 5 feet, less than 50 kgs. The ration scale based on absolute zero, so money is measured on the ratio scale thus this scale shows continuous data. As magnitudes of data are the same as in case of heart rate, blood pressure, distance.Nominal, ordinal, and ratio scale data are levels of data measurement. Examples of nominal data could be hair color or type of pet; ordinal data could be satisfaction rating or educational level; ratio data could be age or number of car accidents, which could be continuous or discrete.
Explanation:Nominal, ordinal, and ratio scale data are all different types of scales used in data measurement. Nominal scale is a scale without order or direction. Examples include hair color (blonde, brunette, redhead) or type of pet (dog, cat, bird). These are categories, not numbers that can be added or subtracted.
Next, the ordinal scale data do have an order. Examples could be satisfaction rating (unsatisfied, neutral, satisfied), or educational level (elementary, high school, college). The order matters, but the differences between categories are not equal across the scale.
Finally, ratio scale data is the most precise, as it has an order, the differences are equal, and there is a clear definition of zero. Examples could include age (0, 1, 2, 3, and so on) which is continuous, or the number of car accidents a person has been in (0, 1, 2, 3) which is discrete. Here, not only do we have an order and equal differences, but we also have a meaningful zero point which allows us to say things like 'twice as old' or 'half as many car accidents'.
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The way of transferring heat in that warm air rises in daytime is__.
Question 45 options:
Reflection
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Answer:
Option (3)
Explanation:
In a region where the temperature is high, the air gets heated up. As a result of which the air becomes warm and less dense and rises up into the atmosphere forming a low pressure zone. This air when rises up, it experiences a cooler temperature and gets cooled. This cooling allows the air mass to become dense and starts condensing. It then precipitates in the form of rainfall. This motion of air particles in the atmosphere forms a convection, that is similar to the one that forms in the mantle layer of the earth.
Thus, the warm air transfers heat forming convections.
Hence, the correct answer is option (3).
Which of the following statements about observing rocks at an outcrop is true? Observing the entire outcrop does not provide important information about rock relationships and layering. Arock's texture cannot be characterized from a hand specimen; it can only be done in thin section. Clay-sized and smaller grains can be identified in the field with a hand lens. A hand specimen is a small piece of the outcrop that can be examined closely.
Answer:
A hand specimen is a small piece of the outcrop that can be examined closely.
Explanation:
True statement:
A hand specimen is a small piece of the outcrop that can be examined closely.
A rock's texture cannot be characterized from a hand specimen is false statement as rock texture can be characterized from a hand specimen.
Clay-sized and smaller grains can not be identified in the field with a hand lens as these grains are too small to be identified by hand grains.
show me the earth and the sun relationship in regards to climate, westher, orbital considerations, solar wind, tilt, and magnetosphere
Answer:
Relation is shown below.
Explanation:
The weather phenomenon like the cycle, thunderstorms and other turbulent events are all formed due to the reaction of the earth atmosphere with that of suns. With regards to orbital considerations in the sun, solar system the planets revolve cyclically in a clockwise direction which itself is sufficient to explain the day and night on the plant and various seasons on earth. Solar winds and pressure belts regions are on the earth are caused due to the force of solar radiation and convection currents that raise from the equator and make changes in latitudes above. With regards to the magnetosphere, the earth experiences the electronically charged particles that produce the effects of auroras on the outer layers of the earth.Based solely on its location, which ocean likely contains the highest percentage of dissolved gases?
A. Indian Ocean, because it is located mostly around the equator
B. Pacific Ocean, because it covers the largest area
C. Atlantic Ocean, because it covers a long mid-ocean ridge system
D. Arctic Ocean, because it is located mostly around the North Pole
The ocean that contains the highest percentage of dissolved gases is B. Pacific ocean, because it covers the largest area.
Explanation:The Pacific Ocean covers a greater area and it also contains a big quantity of methane which is a greenhouse gas that can be released to the atmosphere if there is an unwanted disturbance to the seawater.
South Pacific also has the largest carbon dioxide reservoir which is a greenhouse gas as well at the depth of 2 kilometer - 4.3 kilometer. This ocean is one of the largest ventilation window due to the emission of greenhouse gases. The ocean currents release water rich in carbon from greater depth to the surface.
As the process continues, the carbon dioxide gas from the carbo-rich water is released to the atmosphere.
Q2: Which of these age ranges corresponds to the range in ages of the basement rocks in Arizona and the Southwest?
a. About 1.8 to 1.4 billion years old.
b. About 4.0 to 3.5 billion years old.
c. About 150 million to 65 million years old.
d. About 500 million to 300 million years old.
Answer:
Option (A)
Explanation:
Arizona is one of the state in the United States of America, located at the southwestern part of it. The rocks in this region are belongs to the precambrian age. The rocks that are present at the base are the igneous as well as the crystalline metamorphic rocks. With the increasing time, periodic mountain building process has taken place here, such as the Grenville orogeny during the Proterozoic, Nevadan orogeny as well as Sevier orogeny in the Mesozoic era.
The age of this basement rocks and the south east portion of Arizona is about 1.8 to 1.4 billion years old.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).
Question B
Some might say that the Roman Civilization was an imitation of the Greek’s accomplishments. Do you agree or disagree with that statement? Provide an example to support your position.
Answer and Explanation:
Imitating isn't proper term to use here, I think affected would be a superior wording since Roman development was to a great extent impacted by Greek human progress. We can demonstrate it by observing the similarity between both the human advancements. both developed wine and olives inspite of contrasts in territory and geography.
The specialty of both the developments additionally has loads of likenesses. However, it is additionally certain that not both expressions of the human experience are absolutely same and in this manner we ought not call it as impersonation. The reality of the situation may prove that Roman progress built up their craft with impact of Greeks however with specific alterations.
In this manner, it is certain that Roman development was impacted by the Greek progress yet it was anything but an ideal impersonation and rather an alteration in Greek human progress.
Two stars have the same luminosity, but Star A is 10.0 times farther away than Star B. How much fainter does Star A appear compared to Star B? times fainter
Answer:
B(A)100=B(B), the star A is 100 times fainter than star B.
Explanation:
Brightness of the star is defined by the formula,
[tex]B=\frac{L}{4\pi d^{2}}[/tex]
Here, L is the luminosity and d is the distance.
For star A, the distance is 10d. The brightness of star A.
[tex]B(A)=\frac{L}{4\pi (10d)^{2}}[/tex]
For star B, the distance is d. The brightness of star B.
[tex]B(B)=\frac{L}{4\pi d^{2}}[/tex]
Now according to the question luminosity of two stars is equal.
Therefore,
[tex]B(A){4\pi (10d)^{2}}=B(B){4\pi (d)^{2}}\\B(A)100=B(B)[/tex]
So, star B is 100 times brighter than star A.
Therefore the star A is 100 times fainter than star B.
Final answer:
Star A would appear 100 times fainter than Star B if it is 10 times farther away than Star B, due to the inverse square law governing the relationship between distance and apparent brightness.
Explanation:
When considering the apparent brightness of two stars with the same luminosity, the distance to each star plays a crucial role. The apparent brightness of a star follows the inverse square law, meaning that as the distance from a star increases, its apparent brightness decreases proportionally to the square of the distance. For example, if Star A is 10 times farther away than Star B, but they have the same luminosity, Star A will appear 100 times fainter than Star B. This calculation is based on the inverse square law (10 squared is 100), accurately showing how distance affects the perception of a star's brightness.
True/ False: A cartogram cannot be accurately interpreted unless the audience is already familiar with the geographic shapes of the region
Answer:
True, as map making is an art.
Explanation:
A cartogram is a map with a thematic mapping layer such as travel time, population and GNP or land area or distance. The geometry of the space is distorted sometimes to extremely and sometimes due to display analysis. Cartograms area is referred to as a value-by-area map done through the scaling of the area in each country in proportions. An area cartogram must be contiguous and noncontiguous. These cartograms must be classified by properties of shape and topology preservations. Nowadays several geographic software like CAD type software like GIS is used for making this type of projection. Cartograms can also be made through the hands and by a block diagram, constructed by arranging the geometric regular size locks.Most of the time in the atmosphere, the upward-directed pressure gradient force is exceeded by the downward pull of gravity.
True
False
Answer:
Ture
Explanation:
The pressure gradient is the force that is produced due to the rotation of earth pressure cells that creates lighter air to move upwards and heavier to move downwards due to the difference in densities of air. As the air above consists of lighter elements the oceanic air mostly consist of diatomic molecules of oxygen and nitrogen thus containing a large amount of water vapor, all these molecules have a mass that are pulled down by the gravity and this pull of gravity on columns of gas applies a force what we see an atmospheric pressure. The gas particles and molecules of heavy and denser matter get stuck at the ground, similarly, as the air cools is descends and warm air rises. Thus upwards and downward motion of air causes convergence and divergence of molecules.Explain the origin of the rock cleavage seen in slate and the
mineral cleavage seen in amphibole or calcite.
Answer:
Cleavage of a mineral is defined as the direction along which the mineral breaks over the flat mineral surface. It is directly dependent on the mineral's crystallographic structure.
Slaty cleavage refers to the cleavage that is commonly found in the low grade metamorphic rock slate. Here, the fine grained minerals are so closely spaced and the lines of weakness are all parallel to each other, that allows the minerals to break in fine and thin layers. During the time of formation of slate, the smaller fractures are formed due to the increasing pressure. When groundwater moves through these fractures it forms a weak zone due to which these slaty cleavage forms.
When the rocks undergoes deformation and changes in the pressure and temperature condition then the cleavages are formed on the mineral's surface. The calcite contains rhombohedral cleavage are considered to be the perfect cleavage. Whereas the cleavage in amphibole is uneven and comprised of two directions that intersect each other at 56° and 124°.
What would happen to the surrounding weather if the ITCZ did not shift throughout the year?
-What if it shifted more?
-How would this happen?
Answer:
ITCZ does not shift much as the sun's movement is controlling the shift through the year.
Explanation:
ITCZ follows the sun and thus leads to changes in the season it moves in the northern hemisphere in summer and winter and thus responsible for the wet and dry seasons in tropics. ITCZ changes its position around the year as a result of the spinning of the earth. Its also called the doldrums the horizontal air movements. Thus there is a movement in July and January throughout the year. If this layer did not shift uneven heating and cooling can be felt in the tropics.Question 19 How does the density of Pluto compare to the density of the terrestrial planets?
Pluto's density is 1.9 g/cm³, suggestive of a composition which is a blend of rocky materials and water ice. This is comparatively less than the terrestrial planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars) which have higher densities due to the presence of heavier elements, predominantly metals, in their cores.
Explanation:The density of a planet is calculated by taking the mass of the planet and dividing it by its volume. Using data from the New Horizons probe, the density of Pluto, a dwarf planet, has been measured as 1.9 g/cm³. This is indicative of a composition that is a mixture of rocky materials and water ice in nearly the same proportions as many outer-planet moons, such as Callisto.
In contrast, the terrestrial planets, the four innermost planets in our solar system (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars), have varying densities due to their differing core compositions and sizes, but all exceed the density of Pluto. For instance, Earth is the densest of the planets, at around 5.52 g/cm³. This signifies a substantial presence of heavier elements, primarily metals, in their cores and lighter silicates near the surface. This difference in densities is crucial in determining and differentiating the attributes of terrestrial and dwarf planets.
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Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points) Rock particles that result from weathering can be cemented as a mineral. a crystal an igneous rock. a metamorphic rock. a sedimentary rock
Answer:
Sedimentary rock type
Explanation:
Sedimentary rocks are directly derived from the broken particles of the pre-existing rocks. When rocks undergoes weathering, the sediments are transported from one place to another by means of agent such as wind, water and ice. These transported sediments are then deposited at a different place. With time, these sediments are compacted and lithified and forms a sedimentary rock.
The compaction process allows the sediments to stick to one another, providing the cementing materials such as silica, calcite as well as hematite. This compaction and lithification of sediments give rise to the formation of sedimentary types of rocks.
Electric power is less expensive at night because:
w) more hydroelectric generation is brought on line at night.
x) there is less demand at night.
y) pollution control is less stringent at night.
z) power plants are more efficient at night.
Answer:
x) there is less demand at night
Explanation:
Electric power and it's the price is dependant on the level of demand it has, there are peak and off-peak times during the day, generally speaking during the night (between 10 pm and 7 am) electricity has lower demand.
The existence of peak times at a day is the reason why hydroelectric generation is lower at night, normally in peak off times the hydroelectric generator stores water for when the demand increases, same happens with powerplants at night not being as efficient as they are during the day when the energy is more needed. Finally, pollution control is stringent at all times of the day, its not related to the demand.
I hope you find this information useful! good luck!
Final answer:
Electric power is cheaper at night due to decreased demand, increased efficiency of power plants, and effective pumped storage systems.
Explanation:
Electric power is less expensive at night because:
There is less demand at night: During nighttime, the overall demand for electricity decreases as many industries and households are not running high-power consuming activities.
Power plants are more efficient at night: Some power plants, like hydroelectric and wind turbines, can operate more efficiently at night due to lower demand and cooler temperatures.
Pumped storage is effective: Systems with power plants having low operating costs can provide electricity at lower rates, which contributes to cheaper nighttime electricity.
When Venus is 45,000,000 kilometers from Earth, it has an angular size of 55 arc seconds. From this, what is the diameter of Venus, in kilometers?
Answer:
11999.14 km
Explanation:
Given that the angular size of the Venus with radius, 45,000,000 kilometers is 55 arc seconds.
Also,
1 arc seconds = 1 / 3600 degrees
1 degree = π /180 radians
So,
1 arc seconds = π / (3600 × π) radians
So,
55 arc seconds = 55 × π / (3600 × 180) radians
Also,
Arc length is:
s = r * theta
s = 45000000 * ( 55 × π / (3600 × 180) )
s = 11999.14 km
Final answer:
The diameter of Venus is approximately 12,104 kilometers.
Explanation:
To find the diameter of Venus when it is 45,000,000 kilometers from Earth with an angular size of 55 arc seconds, we can use the formula for angular size:
Diameter = (Angular Size in radians)
To convert from arc seconds to radians, we use the conversion factor where 1 arc-second is equal to 1/206,265 radians (since there are 206,265 arc seconds in a radian). Then we can calculate the physical diameter of Venus by the formula:
Diameter = (Angular Size/206,265)
Using the given angular size of 55 arc seconds, we have:
Diameter = (55/206,265)
After converting the angular size to radians, we multiply it by the distance to Venus (45,000,000 km) to find the physical diameter of Venus in kilometers:
Diameter = (55/206,265)
Finally, Diameter = 12,104 kilometers, approximately.
1) Scientists do not agree on the causes and effects of global climate change. What is your opinion?
Answer:
My opinion as follows.
Explanation:
Scientists are of the opinion that global warming is a root cause of prolonged human interference with the natural environment and its due to the natural environment is contaminated by people and their technology the scientist all around the world are focusing on the positive and negative effects of climate change. This change that has brought by the artificial use of nature by man for his survival and destruction of the earth that the Holocene epoch is going to create when it ends will be fatal for the planet. henceforth science has made research labs around remote corners of the world trying to study sensitive environments and gather data and estimate the seasonal variations and fluctuations in patterns of the landscape from ice to land and then to water and then to complete transformation of the earth.Climate change is primarily caused by human activities, leading to rising global temperatures and shrinking polar ice caps. Scientific organizations agree on the existence of climate change and its risks, though predictions for future warming vary.
Climate change is a highly debated topic among scientists and environmentalists, with a clear consensus that it is primarily caused by human activities leading to excess greenhouse gases.
Global temperatures are on the rise, and the shrinking of polar ice caps indicates the impact of these changes. However, there is variance in predictions for future warming due to factors such as aerosols, cloud feedbacks, and uncertainties around tipping points.
Scientific organizations like NASA and NOAA agree that climate change is happening and poses significant risks. Despite some disagreements on specific components, there is broad consensus that human activities are driving climate change.
A temperature inversion occurs when ____.
Question 50 options:
Stable, cold air overlays warm air
Temperature decreases as altitude increases
Stable warm air overlays cold air
Air turbulence causes mixing between air layers
Answer:
Option (3)
Explanation:
The temperature inversion is defined as the condition where the atmospheric temperature increases with respect to height. Normally, the temperature decrease with the height. A stable warm air overlays a colder air at higher elevations, during a temperature inversion condition. This inversion of temperature can also block the pollutants that rises from the lower atmospheric layers. It is because the warm air that is present above the cooler air does not allow the trapping and merging of the substances.
Thus, the correct answer is option (3).
Final answer:
A temperature inversion occurs when warm air overlays cooler air near the surface, resulting in increased temperatures with higher altitudes, which can trap pollutants.
Explanation:
A temperature inversion occurs when a layer of warm air overlays a layer of cooler air near the earth's surface, leading to an increase in temperature with altitude, which is the opposite of the typical temperature decrease with altitude in the troposphere. Conditions that can lead to a temperature inversion include radiational cooling of the surface, lack of wind, and certain topographical features that limit air movement. Inversions can cause environmental problems by trapping pollutants in the cooler air near the surface, as the denser cool air acts like a lid over the pollutants.
What characteristic of the depositional environment influence
the properties of sedimentary rocks?
Answer:
The characteristic of the depositional environment affects the properties of sedimentary rocks are as follows-
(1) Lithology- It describes the constituent mineral and the type of texture these crystals have, which forms a sedimentary rock. These minerals occur in a certain depositional environment. When the weathered materials are derived and transported to some other place, then it forms a stable one in a fixed environment as the rocks are subjected to compaction and lithification, The environment in which these minerals have led to the formation of these rocks can be determined.
(2) Structure- There are various structures that occur in rock, such as ripple marks, cross-bedding that highlights the flow direction of water and wind. Many structures like slickensides, folding, faulting occurs in the sedimentary rocks that are formed due to tectonic activities. These structures can easily be identified and their environment of deposition can also be determined.
(3) Fossil content- Fossils are found to be embedded in the sedimentary rocks. The shells of organisms after death are accumulated at the bottom of the ocean. As a result of this, these shells are covered with the sediments and after millions of years, turn into fossils. For example, Sandstone, Limestone, and shale comprised of various types of shells. These fossils are found to be deposited in a shallow marine environment.
1. The behavior of rock is determined by all of the following factors EXCEPT:
a. temperature
b. pressure
c. rate at which stress is applied
d.boiling point
2. What occurs in the asthenosphere & is responsible for plate movement?
a. convection
b. vaporization
c. vaporization
d. divergence
3. Which layers make up the tabosphere?
a. inner and outer core
b. mantle
c. inner core, outer core and mantle
d. crusts and mantle
e. the tabosphere does not exist
Answer:
1. Boiling point, 2. Convection, 3. does not exist
Explanation:
The behavior of the rocks is influenced by the temperature and pressure conditions inside the earth, this also includes the rate of stress applied upon the rock mass. More the heat and pressure of rocks more will be here transformation. Convective currents that rise from the asthenosphere are responsible for the movement of plates from the source, as these forces cause the plates to rotate and break up when the gases are released from below the surface of the earth in a very sudden manner. The layers found within the earth are called core crust and mantle but no such layer atmosphere exists on or above the surface of the earth in any form what so ever.On your most recent mountain climbing adventure, you recorded a barometric pressure of 1000 mb at the base of a mountain. When you reached the summit (top of the mountain), you measured a barometric pressure of 950 mb. Approximately how tall is the mountain?
A) 50 meters
B) 5000 meters
C) 500 meters
Answer:
B) 5000 meters
Explanation:
Barometric pressure depends on the height, as of course there is more air above an area as the air column is higher. Usually, it is defined as a exponential relation which comes as follows:
1. [tex]P=P_{0}*e^{(\alpha*h) }[/tex]
Being:
P the pressure at the determined height. In our case, would be the 950 mb at the summit
[tex]P_{0}[/tex] the initial pressure. In our case, would be the 1000 mb at the base.
α a constant value, which is usually found on literature as [tex]-1.19*10^{-5} m^{-1}[/tex] . It depends on the air density and the estimations on how much air do we have above.
h is the height which we want to determine the pressure at
Of course, we need to clear the height on the previous equation, so we need to seek help on the natural logarythm. First of all, let's clear the exponential expression from 1 :
2. [tex]\frac{P}{P_{0}}=e^{\alpha*h}[/tex]
After that, apply the natural logarythm at both sides of the equation 2:
3. [tex]ln(\frac{P}{P_{0}})=ln(e^{\alpha *h})[/tex]
Computing 3:
4. [tex]ln(\frac{P}{P_{0}})=\alpha*h[/tex]
And clearing h in 4:
5. [tex]\frac{ln\frac{P}{P_{0}} }{\alpha } =h[/tex]
Replacing known values in 5. Please have in mind, when replacing, both of the pressure values need to be in the same unit (in this case, millibars)
[tex]h=\frac{ln\frac{950 mb}{1000 mb} }{-1,19*10^{-5} m^{-1}}=4310,36 m [/tex]
As this is an estimate, we would say that mountain is approximately 5000 m. Quite far from the result, maybe the source has different α constant values.
Summarize the processes by which planetary interiors get hot. (please answer in your own words and please give the reference, thanks)
Answer:
Process of volcanism, erosion and tectonics.
Explanation:
Earth is divided into two-sphere as the land sphere and water sphere in which the water sphere has 70% of the earth volume and 30% of the land surface here in the interior of the earth there are certain forces i.e tectonic in nature act upon the landmass by the impact of erosion and deposition. Volcanism is considered as the dominant process of upwelling of hot lava and magma at the surface of the earth through ether fissure eruption, or vent explosions. Other processes like the heating of lands are much more pronounced in the northern hemisphere due to the solar radiation and heat from above. Interiors of the planet are considered as hot and humid as they directly observe the incoming light from above and their rate of spreading this heat is low and slow. Salinity, higher density and older age of rocks are found near the interiors of the planet as compared to when we move away from the interior to the coasts and oceans which are much open and separate.where is most if the earth’s freshwater stored
Answer:
In glaciers, North and South poles and some lakes.
Explanation:
As more than 70% of freshwater can be found in continental glaciers around the world. The rest is in icecaps and 0.5 % store in lakes and rivers, and swamps. Rest if possible may be found in the groundwater aquifers, hidden in remote and cut off lace of the world. Antarctica and arctic alone consist of a huge share of freshwater in the world which is stored in ice forms. While 97% of oceanic water is saline not fit for drinking. Various techniques are available for desalination of water but most of it not suitable for long term use. As it may have bacteria and harmful effects on the body. Due to climate change release of methane gas and other harmful greenhouse gases are quickly melting and depleting the freshwater rQuestion 12 tiple Choice Worth 3 points) Glossopteris is considered evidence for the rock cycle. drift of continents layering of earth's interior earthquakes along the San Andreas fault. volcanoes on hot spots in the earth's crust
Answer:
Option (2)
Explanation:
Glossopteris were the fossilized trees whose leaves were tongue shaped, and were about 30 meters in height. This trees were dominant in the Permian and got extinct due to the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. The fossils of this glossopteris has been found in all the continents of southern hemisphere. This provided a good evidence supporting the continental drift theory.
It was observed that the continents were all once together and now have separated and these continents are now moving at different place in different direction due to the convection current that forms in the mantle. This supports the plate tectonic theory.
Hence, the correct answer is option (2).