What does the specific gravity of the urinalysis test?

Answer:As the right ventricle contracts, the tricuspid valve closes and the pulmonary valve opens. The closure of the tricuspid valve prevents blood from backing into the right atrium and the opening of the pulmonary valve allows the blood to flow into the pulmonary artery toward the lungs.

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is E.

Explanation:

The main function of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is to reduce extracellular fluid volume by increasing renal sodium excretion.

Aldosterone is a steroid hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, that is part of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system which helps to maintain blood pressure. Aldosterone increases reabsorption of sodium and potassium excretion, and as a result an increase in extracellular fluid volume and in blood pressure.  

In conclusion, ANP reduces aldosterone secretion.

All provided statements about the hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) are true except for the one claiming it increases aldosterone secretion. In reality, ANP inhibits aldosterone secretion.

The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has several important functions related to fluid and electrolyte balance. ANP is indeed produced by cells in the heart (A) and promotes sodium loss in the kidneys (B), which can help to lower blood volume and pressure. ANP also reduces the sensation of thirst (C) and acts to suppress secretion of the antidiuretic hormone ADH (D). These effects all work together to reduce fluid and sodium retention. However, the statement that atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) increases aldosterone secretion (E) is not correct. In fact, ANP inhibits aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone is another hormone that promotes sodium and fluid retention, so ANP works against it to reduce these effects.

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Answer:

The best answer to the question: Generally speaking, power exercises should be performed before strength exercises, would be, A: true.

Explanation:

In terms of general training, the idea is always go from broader to specific. In that sense, power exercises will allow the body to start mobilizing large groups of muscles, and not focus on only one region, or one specific muscle. According to all the research on proper training, and the correct order in which these two types of exercises: power training and strength training, should be, it says that power training comes first, because power training allows for large groups of muscles to mobilize and thus will maximize the capabilities of the muscles. Then, strength exercises will be initiated to work on specific muscles, or much smaller groups of muscles. This is why the answer is A.

Answer:

The correct answer is C

Explanation:

ACEi are a group of drugs that inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. This enzyme is produced in the lung and converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II which is a potent vasoconstrictive peptide that helps to narrow the vessels and also stimulates aldosterone secretion. This mechanism normally helps to raise blood pressure.

Examples of ACEi are captopril, enalapril, lisinopril.  

Answer:

The best answer from the choices given here, for the question: A disorder in which of the following is most likely to be present, would be, D: Pancreatic enzyme secretion.

Explanation:

The process of fat digestion, and especially of absorption, is a pretty complex one, because there are many steps that must take place in order for the body to reduce complex lips into their most basic units, and use them. As such, aside from pH in the stomach, and the contact with lingual lipase, which starts the process of unwinding of the lipidic structures, most of the absorption of these nutrients happens in the small intestine and vital to it is the mixing of pancreatic enzymes, especially lipase, to break down the unions enough that the mycelles are formed and the villi can capture these nutrients to pass them on to the lymphatic system. Usually steatorrhea, which is presence of fats in the stool, happens for several different reasons, but in this patient, given the characteristics, it is evident that he is having problems with the secretion of pancreatic lipase, and the fats are not breaking up so that the small intestines cannot absorb them.

Final answer:

A disorder in pancreatic enzyme secretion is most likely to be present in a patient with steatorrhea when bile salt circulation and glucose absorption are normal. Pancreatic lipases are essential for fat digestion; their deficiency can lead to fat excretion in the stool.

Explanation:

The patient is experiencing steatorrhea, which is the presence of excess fat in the stool, indicative of a problem with lipid digestion and absorption. Considering the given test results that show normal enterohepatic circulation of bile salts and normal absorption of glucose, a disorder in pancreatic enzyme secretion is most likely to be present. Pancreatic enzymes, especially lipases, are crucial for breaking down dietary fats into smaller molecules that can be absorbed in the intestine. Without sufficient pancreatic enzyme activity, triglycerides are not properly hydrolyzed, leading to their excretion in the stool as fat.

Lipid absorption typically occurs in the small intestine with the assistance of bile salts that emulsify dietary fats, making them accessible to pancreatic lipases. However, since bile salt circulation is normal in this patient, the condition suggests a deficiency in the enzymes required for lipid digestion rather than a problem with bile salts or intestinal surface area for absorption.

Answer:

The correct option is: b. sulcus

Explanation:

Gingival sulcus refers to the shallow space present between the tooth and the gum tissue, called the gingival margin that surrounds the tooth.

The depth of the healthy gingival sulcus is about three millimeters and it is readily self-cleansable. The gingival sulcus is lined by the sulcular epithelium.

Answer:

The correct answer choice for the question: The popliteal pulse point is found on the anterior surface of the elbow, would be, A: true.

Explanation:

The popliteal pulse is the passage point of the brachial artery and it is in fact always found on the anterior surface of the elbow, medial to the tendons of the biceps. This major artery, the brachial artery, is the main vessel for the upper arms and it comes out of the axillary artery. As it tranverses down the upper arms, it reaches the cubital fossa of the elbow, where it divides into the radial and the ulnar arteries. When measuring blood pressure, it is usually this artery that is sought out and its sounds can be heard with a sthetoscope, and when using a sphygmomanometer, or blood presure cuff.

Answer:

The correct option is: A. pulmonary circulation

Explanation:

The heart is muscular organ that is present in the central compartment of the thoracic cavity. It is responsible for pumping blood in the circulatory system through the blood vessels.

The right atrium of the heart pumps the deoxygenated blood received from the body into the right ventricle, which further pumps the received deoxygenated blood into pulmonary artery that carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

The pulmonary veins then carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left heart. This is known as the Pulmonary circulation.

Therefore, the right heart acts as a pump for the pulmonary circulation.

The right side of the heart is involved in pulmonary circulation, meaning it pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Option A. pulmonary circulation is the correct role of the right side of the heart.

The right side of the heart is crucial for pulmonary circulation, which pertains to the process of moving deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. In contrast, the left side of the heart is responsible for systemic circulation, pumping oxygenated blood from the lungs to the rest of the body. This distinction is essential to understand how blood travels through the heart's chambers and the overall circulatory system.

When considering the options provided in the question, A. pulmonary circulation correctly defines the role of the right side of the heart. The blood pumped from here goes through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs where it becomes oxygenated. The rest of the options, including systemic circulation, coronary circulation, hepatic portal circulation, and the cerebral circuit, are not directly facilitated by the right side of the heart.

Furthermore, the thickness difference in the muscle walls between the heart's right and left sides is due to the required pressure to pump blood through the respective circuits. The left side has a thicker wall as it needs to pump blood throughout the body, whereas the right side, pumping to the closer lungs, has a thinner wall.

Answer:

The correct term is - extrinsic stain.

Explanation:

Extrinsic stains are normally present on the surface of a tooth and occur due to taking pigmented beverages such as coffee, tea, carbonated drinks, caramel coloring, and foods. Smoking cigarettes is also one of the reasons that can cause an extrinsic stain.

This can be removed by dentists or professionals like hygienists. The stain particles act on the outer surface of the teeth and pigmented them which cause stain yellowish or brownish in individuals.

Thus, the correct answer is - extrinsic stain.

Answer:

The correct answer is D. Organ

Explanation:

An organ is made up of two or more tissue to perform one or more specific physiological functions. Organs can be made up of four type of tissue nervous, epithelium, muscular and connective tissue.

Most of the organ contains all four tissue for example small intestine. Internal wall of small intestine is made up of epithelium tissue which is surrounded by smooth muscles and connective tissue containing neurons.

It performs different function like secretion of digestive enzymes and absorption of nutrients from digested food in the body. Muscle tissues have the function in peristalsis movement to pass the digested food further in the colon.

An organ is an anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types, designed to perform specific physiological functions.

An anatomically distinct structure of the body composed of two or more tissue types with the purpose of performing one or more specific physiological functions is known as an organ. Each tissue is a collection of similar cells that work together to carry out a specific role. Multiple tissues collaborate within an organ to perform complex functions critical to the body's health and maintenance. For instance, the human heart, comprising muscular tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue, pumps blood through the body.

To illustrate further, within the human body, various organs form part of organ systems which work together to perform broad physiological functions. The kidneys, which include smooth muscle tissue and various types of connective and epithelial tissues, filter waste from the blood and regulate bodily fluids, serving the larger excretory system.

Answer:

infundibulum

Explanation:

The most distal portion of the uterine tube is the Infundibulum, which can be compared to a funnel whose mouth has a very uneven rim that looks like fringes. These fringes are named tuba fimbriae, one of which stands out for being longer, called ovarian fimbria. The infundibulum opens freely in the peritoneum cavity through a foramen known as the uterine tube abdominal ostium.

Commonly the infundibulum fits over the ovary, and the fimbriae could be roughly compared to the fingers of one hand holding an orange over it.

Answer:

The answer to the question: The part of the tooth that is covered with enamel, would be: the crown of the tooth.

Explanation:

The human teeth are divided into two parts, a hardened one, which is the one we can see protruding from the gum line, and which is the one that we use to bite, pounce food and chew it before swallowing. This portion of the tooth is called the crown, it is the white, hardened, visible part, and it is covered with enamel to protect it from the mechanical and corrosive forces of both food, and saliva, as well as bacteria. The second portion of the tooth is known as the root, and it is the softer part that is protected and covered by the gums. The root anchors the tooth to the bone structures of the mandible and maxilla.

Answer:

The crown is the part of the tooth that is covered by enamel.

Explanation:

In the constitution of the tooth four distinct areas can be visualized: the enamel, the dentine, the cement and the pulp. The tooth has a part that comes out of the gums and another that is inside them. The visible outer part of the tooth that is covered by the enamel is called the crown. If it is broken or deteriorated for any reason, it does not have the possibility of self-reconstruction, so the dentist's intervention becomes essential.

Enamel coats the crown of the tooth and is quite hard, as it is the most mineralized tissue found anywhere in the human body. About 96% of its composition is mineralized material, while the remaining 4% is composed of water and organic materials. The thickness of the enamel, in turn, varies from the tip of the crown to the amelio-cementary junction. In the crown, the thickness is greater and decreases as you approach the gum.

Answer:

The answer to the question: A treatment for early nephropathy is:____. It may even slow progression, would be: the use of pharmacotherapy with ACE´s (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) and also with ARBs (angiotensin II receptor blockers).

Explanation:

Nephropathy is a condition most commonly found in patients with diabetes and it is characterized by a damage of the kidneys and their filtering function, due to constant exposure to high blood pressure, and high osmolarity due to presence of high levels of glucose in the filter. In order to reduce the damage caused by diabetes, and especially high blood pressure, a condition to which the kidneys are very susceptible, treatment today still goes straight to the use of angiotensin inhibitors, and blockers, to reduce the production of this enzyme that generates further increases in blood pressure. These are ACEs and ARBs.

Answer:

Bronchi: Bronchioles

Explanation:

Bronchus is a part of the human respiratory system. It is the air passage that guide the air into the lungs. The bronchus branches into the right and the left bronchus which further branches into the secondary and tertiary bronchi.

The walls of the bronchi has the hyaline cartilage for support. As the bronchi becomes narrower, the hyaline cartilage in the walls decreases. The narrow branched bronchi that can not be supported by a hyaline cartilage are known as the bronchioles.

Answer: b. anchors cardiac muscle fibers

Explanation:

The skeleton of the heart functions to anchor the cardiac muscle fibers of the heart, which anchors the valves of the heart and four chambers of heart. It forms a high density single unit of the connective tissue. It anchors the valves and four chambers to control and maintain the blood pressure of the free flowing blood through the heart.

Answer:

a. parasympathetic stimulation to smooth muscle in the urinary bladder and reproductive organs.

Explanation:

Pelvic Splancnic nerves are referred to  as Nervi erigentes and are meant to provide the parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut . They arise from the anterior rami of the sarcal nerves S2, S3, S4. Pathway is such that they innervate the pelvic and genital organs. ( therefore plays role in bladder emptying and erection of sexual organs) The parasympathtic nervous system is also called as the craniosarcal out flow , such that the pelvic splanchnic nerves are the sarcal component .

Answer:

TRUE

Explanation:

Visual perception or vision is described as the ability of the brain of an individual to elucidate or interpret the light reflected from the objects in the surrounding environment.

According to the German physician and physicist, Hermann von Helmholtz, the vision or the visual perception is the result of the ability of an individual to make conclusions and assumptions from the incomplete insufficient information which is based upon past experiences.

Answer:

The expected response of diastolic blood pressure as workload increases during a graded exercise test b. it will most likely increase

Explanation:

The heart is a bomb which is encharged of pumping blood to every part in the body. When the body makes an extra effort like is seen in a graded exercise test, the heart needs to increase the pumping of blood and all of these is because there are many means of compensation to maintain an adequate and physiological requirements. Those means of compensation are increases of cardiac frequency and an increase in blood pressure. The increase of blood pressure is majorly seen in systolic pressure but also is seen a little increase in diastolic blood pressure.

Answer:

The correct answer is option 'E': Options A,B,C all are correct.

Explanation:

The reaction of glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that involves the breakdown of glucose molecule into  pyruvate ion and releasing energy is termed as glycolysis.

Glycolysis involves breakdown of 1 molecule of glucose in presence of 2 molecules of ATP   into 2 molecules of  pyruvate and 4 molecules of ATP and 2 molecules of water.

Answer:

a. satorius

Explanation:

The sartorius muscle is a two-joint muscle that moves both the hip and knee joints. Although anatomically considered a thigh extensor, its contraction actually causes a flexion of the hip joint. This is due to its location in the anterior (extensor) compartment of the thigh. Additionally, it is involved in abduction and external rotation of the hip joint.

In the knee joint, it forces an internal flexion and rotation. Flexion movement is the result of tendon insertion into the knee joint behind the flexor-extensor axis. When all five movements are performed simultaneously the legs cross in meditation position. Thus, the muscle is most easily palpable in this position.

Answer:

The correct answer is a) all of these

Explanation:

Human body developed many mechanisms to regulate the pH of the body fluid. Carbon dioxide in the blood forms carbonic acid which neutralize the extra base and decrease the pH of blood.

Bicarbonate ions in the blood helps in neutralizing the extra acid in the blood and is reabsorbed by kidneys. Excretion of excess H⁺ ions from kidney also helps in regulating the pH of body fluid.

Almost all the proteins acts as buffer because they have charged regions which can bind to H⁺ or OH⁻ ions thus provide buffering capacity to the blood.

Thus, the correct answer is a all of these.

Answer:

The correct answer is clinical crown.

Explanation:

In supplementation to possessing very unique activities, each tooth exhibits a particular location and comprises specific configurations that help in its activity. All teeth, having distinct shapes, exhibits similar anatomical parts. Each tooth exhibit a clinical crown, that is, the part of the teeth visible in the oral cavity.  

The other parts are the anatomic crown and root. The tooth is connected with the below present alveolar bone with the help of fibers called periodontal ligaments. Each tooth comprises the same four constituents, that is, dentin, enamel, pulp, and cementum.  

Answer:

The answer to this question: Satins formed inside the tooth structure from INSIDE sources, would be: intrinsic staining.

Explanation:

When talking about tooth appearance and tooth health, people tend to see stains on teeth and wonder if the problem is a lack of hyginie from the person who has them, or if there might be a different reason. While indeed there are stains that are caused on the tooth due to bad nutritional habits, and bad hyginie, there are others, known as intrinsic staining, that happen due to causes that are beyond a person´s control. Intrinsic staining is defined as the stains that appear on the inside structure of a tooth, they are caused by problems in the formation of the tooth, and they cannot be removed by professionals, or by anything. It is almost like they are part of the tooth itself. Exposure to certain elements, such as antibiotics during teeth formation, can result in intrinsic staining.

Answer:

The correct answer is D.

Explanation:

The trachea divides into 2 main primary bronchi (left and right bronchus). Then the right bronchus divides into 3 secondary bronchi (or lobar bronchi) and the left bronchus does it into 2 secondary bronchi.

All of the secondary bronchi divide into tertiary bronchi, also called segmental bronchi.

After that, the tertiary bronchi continue division to several branches until they become bronchioles (the smallest branches of the bronchial tree).

The bronchioles divide into terminal bronchioles, then respiratory bronchioles, then alveolar ducts and finally alveolar sacs, where gas exchange occurs.

The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are the bronchioles. These are less than 1 millimeter in diameter and lead to small air sacs (alveoli) where gas exchange occurs.

The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are the bronchioles. The bronchial tree is a branching system of air passages that start from the trachea, branching into two primary bronchi, each leading to a lung. These primary bronchi further divide into secondary and tertiary bronchi, each getting smaller and reaching further into the lungs. The smallest of the branches, the bronchioles, are only about 1 millimeter or less in diameter and lead to small air sacs called alveoli where gas exchange takes place.

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Answer:

C. Organelles

Explanation:

A cell is the structural and functional unit of all the living organisms. Every eukaryotic cell contains the tiny units located in the cytoplasm of a cell is called organelles. Examples of organelles are the nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus.

These organelles are bounded by a unit membrane, they perform a specific function for the cell.

For example, the nucleus controls the activities of the cell, mitochondria works as a powerhouse of the cell, chloroplast present in green plants that performs the function of photosynthesis.  

Answer:

The answer to the question: Tachycardia refers to a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute, would be, A: True.

Explanation:

When the body is at rest, usually, the heart should be beating between 60 to 70 beats per minute. Variations in these numbers will depend on the activity the person is doing, and other circumstances that may affect it. However, the heart has its own regulatory system, and its beats should never, under normal circumstances, reach over a 100 bpm. If this happens, if the heart, for no reason (excesive exercise, use of certain medication to produce tachycardia, drugs) starts going up the speed measurement to over 100, it is really dangerous, and the condition is known as tachycardia. This is why the answer is true.

Answer: c. dynamic constant external resistance training

Explanation:

The dumbbell lunge is a exercise which is done by a single leg. It increases the strength of the body. It improves the stability of the body and develops the speed of the lower body. It is done along with dumbells held on hands and lying down with lower knee down.

C. is the correct option this is because of the fact that it involves both lifting as well as concentric phase as well as in lowering or eccentric phase.

Answer:

The correct answer is b. Immunogens

Explanation:

Immunogens are the antigens that can trigger the immune response in the body once gets inside the body. Any antigen having capacity to excite a immune response against them is called immunogens but not every antigen is immunogen.

An antigen is called immunogen when it has some characteristic features  like foreignness, high molecular weight and chemical complexity. An immunogen can initiate both innate and adaptive immune response. Adaptive immune response is memory based and very specific for any particular immunogen.

Some common immunogens are: bacteria, virus, drugs, chemicals, dust, toxins.

Answer: Lipids; emulsification

Explanation:

The lipids(fats) digestion begins in the stomach with the help of gastric lipase and lingual lipase. The bile salts from the liver and gall bladder are poured in the small intestine where the lipid digestion takes place.

This is done by the help od the process known as Emulsification. It is a process in which large lipid globules are broken into several small lipids.

These small lipids are distributed in chyme. This is important for the digestion of lipids as lipase work on the small lipid molecules aggregated in chyme.

Answer:

The correct answer is option is 'd': lipids,emulsification

Explanation:

Bile salts are substances that are release from the liver and are stored in the gal bladder and they help in digestion by breaking down lipids and fats into simpler molecules for their easier digestion by a process known as emulsification. The bile salts are dark green to yellowish in color. The bile salts acts as surfactants that help in emulsifying the fats, thus helping in their digestion.

Answer:

 The ulnar nerve in the elbow, it travel through the tunnel as tissue which is known as cubital tunnel. It basically passes under the bump inside our elbow.

This type of the bony bump is also known as medial epicondyle. Ulnar nerve is the three important nerve in our arm.

In our body, the spot at which the nerve run due to the medial epicondyle it is basically known as funny bone. It is occur in the elbow part of our body due to the compressed and irritation in the arm.