Answer:
Mainly by Hydrogen bonds and the Van der Waals forces
Explanation:
The DNA double helix (both strands of DNA) are held closs together by i) mainly hydrogen bonds between complementary bases and ii) the Van der Waals base-stacking interaction.
The hydrogen bonds between the base pairs form the double helical structure of DNA. There is no exchange or sharing of electrons in hydrogen bonds.
G always pairs with C with three hydrogen bonds and T always pairs with A with two hydrogen bonds.
Explanation:
In DNA double helix structure , there's four nitrogen bases Adenine , Thymine, Cytosine and Guanine . Hydreogen bonds formed between these nitrogenous base in DNA . In DNA double helix , two hydrogen bonds exist between Adenine and Thymine while three hydrogen bond exist between Cytosine and Guanine . Pairing of nitrogen bases in DNA double helix is very specific and this specific and selective pairing results in 'complementary base pairing ' . Hydrogen bonds doesn't involve in sharing of electrons , it occur over short distance and it can be formed and broken easily . In DNA double helix , hydrogen bond is weaker but still contribute the most to holding the two strands of DNA together because hydrogen bonds present excessively in between the DNA double helix .
Aminoglycosides ________. Group of answer choices block peptidases that cross-link glycan molecules block folic acid synthesis interfere with elongation of peptidoglycan attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis damage cell membranes
Answer:
Aminoglycosides attach to the 30S ribosomal subunit and disrupt protein synthesis.
Explanation:
Mechanism of action of aminoglycosides:
Initially the penetrate the bacterial cell wall, to reach periplasmic space through porin channels.
Further transport across cytoplasmic membrane takes place by active transport by proton pump; an oxygen dependant process.
Aminoglycosides then bind 30S ribosomal subunits and interfare with the initiation complex. Induce misreading of genetic code on mRNA. Also causing the breakup of polysomes into monosomes thus ultimately disruping the protien synthesis.
ABO blood grouping of humans is an example of co-dominance. Homozygotes (IAIA and IBIB) express either the A or the B phenotype. Heterozygotes (IAIB) express both phenotypes equally and the IAIB individual has blood type AB. Blood type O is the result of the genotype IOIO: this blood type is considered the recessive trait and IO is the recessive allele for blood type. Imagine a genetic cross between two people, blood type AB. What is the probability that these people will have offspring with type B blood? A) 0% B) 10% C) 25% D) 50%
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Crossing IA IB × IA IB,
IA IA - 25% blood type A
IA IB - 50% blood type AB
IB IB - 25% blood type B
Due to codominance chracter of ABO blood grouping offspring of type B blood is 25%, hence option c is correct.
What is ABO blood grouping?The ABO blood group illustrates Codominance. Gene I, which has the three codominant alleles A, B, and O, regulates the ABO blood grouping.
if Crossing of IA IB × IA IB,
IA IA - 25% blood type A
IA IB - 50% blood type AB
IB IB - 25% blood type B
Codominance is best illustrated with the ABO blood group. Gene I, which has the three codominant alleles A, B, and O, regulates the ABO blood grouping.
The A and B alleles are mutually dominant. One A allele and one B allele are found in people with the blood type AB. Their blood type is AB as both alleles are expressed simultaneously.
Therefore due to the Codominance character in blood grouping, option c is correct.
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Suppose a drug is developed that blocks K+ leakage channels. The drug prevents ions from passing through those channels. If this drug was applied to a neuron, what would be the most immediate effect on that neuron?
1. The resting membrane potential would become less negative (more positive).
2. The resting membrane potential would become more negative.
3. The concentration gradient for Na+ would decrease.
4. The concentration gradient for K+ would decrease.
Answer: 1. The resting membrane potential would become less negative (more positive).
Explanation:
Resting membrane potential is a voltage carried by a resting (non-signaling) neuron, or called as resting potential, across its membrane. The resting potential is determined by ion concentration gradients across the membrane, and the permeability of the membrane to each ion form.
In a resting brain, there are gradients of concentration across the Na+ and K+ membranes. Forces shift their gradients down through channels, resulting in a separation of charges that provides the potential for rest. The membrane is much more permeable to K+ than to Na+, so the resting potential is similar to K+'s potential for equilibrium.
Hence, the correct option is 1. The resting membrane potential would become less negative (more positive).
How does a child inherit traits from its parents
Answer:
DNA
Explanation:Genetic inheritance occurs due to genetic material in the form of DNA being passed from parents to their offspring. ... Even though the offspring receives a combination of genetic material from two parents, certain genes from each parent will dominate the expression of different traits. Hobbies or habits are the most thing children learn from their parents as well as genes
Answer:
genes
Explanation:
Each of your parents has two copies of each of their genes, and each parent passes along just one copy to make up the genes you have. Genes that are passed on to you determine many of your traits, such as your hair color and skin color.
The variety and variability of organisms is called?
My Options:
Symbiotic relationships
Biodiversity
Ecological succession
Population ecology
What would most likely happen if capillaries had thick walls and large diameters?
-The blood cells flowing through them would form clots along their walls that block flow to tissue
-The blood cells flowing through them would not be able to exchange gas with the surrounding tissue
-The blood cells would flow slowly through them, preventing them from carrying oxygen to tissue
-The blood cells would flow quickly through them, allowing them to carry more oxygen to the tissue
If capillaries had thick walls and large diameters, gas exchange between blood and surrounding tissue would become inefficient or potentially cease due to the decreased ability of oxygen and nutrients to diffuse across the capillary walls. The large diameter could also cause blood to flow too quickly for effective gas exchange.
Explanation:If capillaries had thick walls and large diameters, the most likely scenario is that the blood cells flowing through them would not be able to effectively exchange gases with the surrounding tissue. Here's why:
Capillaries, in their structure, are thin and narrow to allow them to facilitate efficient gas exchange. Oxygen from the blood diffuses through the thin capillary walls to the surrounding tissues, and carbon dioxide from the tissues diffuses into the blood for removal. If capillaries had thick walls, this gas exchange would become inefficient or potentially cease. A large diameter would also be problematic because capillaries' small diameter ensures a slow blood flow, which gives enough time for oxygen and nutrients to be delivered to the tissues. If the diameter were larger, blood could flow too quickly for effective gas exchange.
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The correct response is 'The blood cells flowing through them would not be able to exchange gas with the surrounding tissue'. Capillaries with thick walls and large diameters would impair gas exchange between blood and tissues due to hindered diffusion and reduced surface contact for exchange processes.
If capillaries had thick walls and large diameters, the most likely consequence would be that blood cells flowing through them would not be able to exchange gas with the surrounding tissue. The primary function of the capillary beds is to facilitate the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste materials between the blood and tissues.
The walls of capillaries are made of a single layer of endothelial cells, which are extremely thin to allow molecules such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffusively pass. If the walls were thick, diffusion would be hindered. In addition, if capillaries had a large diameter, blood would flow without the close contact necessary for efficient exchange processes. The function of the capillaries is not to transport blood quickly but to allow time for the exchange to occur.
How does the nervous system contribute to homeostasis throughout the body?
Answer:
The nervous system maintains homeostasis by controlling and regulating the other parts of the body. A deviation from a normal set point acts as a stimulus to a receptor, which sends nerve impulses to a regulating center in the brain.
Explanation:
Of all the body systems, the nervous system is the major control system of homeostasis. It provides monitoring, response, and regulation of all systems in the human body and other organisms. It functions from the tiny level of individual cells to affecting the whole body at once.
Receptors inside and outside the body are constantly monitoring conditions and watching for changes. When a body system leaves a set point and falls outside its normal range, signals are sent through the nervous system which trigger responses to bring the system back into the normal range of functioning. This is the process of homeostasis. These complicated and intricate processes have evolved over millions of years. For example, thermoreceptors and mechanoreceptors in the skin sense changes in temperature and pressure, respectively. Then, signals sent from them to the brain make it possible to detect situations that could cause injury or death. In addition, nerves make muscles contract which moves the bones of the skeleton, making it possible to evade predators and/or fight. This ability to perceive the environment and reacting to it is critical to maintaining homeostasis in the body.
What are the fixed alleles in the human species?
O
A. The alleles that everyone has
O
B. The alleles that change most often
O
C. The alleles that are on the most chromosomes
O
D. The alleles that no one has
Fixed alleles are those that are the only variant that exists for a gene within a species, meaning every individual in the population has this allele. An example of unfixed alleles is the A, B, and O alleles of the ABO blood type system, which are not fixed because they occur in varying combinations in the population.
The correct answer to what fixed alleles are in the human species is A, the alleles that everyone has. Fixed alleles are those that are the only variant that exists for a gene within a species because all individuals are homozygous for that allele. An example of alleles that are not fixed in humans are the A, B, and O alleles of the ABO blood group system; these are common alleles present in the population that determine an individual's blood type. Alleles like A and B produce modifications on the surface proteins of red blood cells, while the O allele produces no modification.
In the case of the ABO blood system, the majority of human genes have two or more possible alleles or alternative forms of a gene that account for the genetic variation among people. However, a fixed allele would be one that is uniform among all individuals within a population, which means that no other allelic variants are present.
1. What is the function of the reproductive system?
a. To create sex organs
b. To expel wastes from the body
c. To make new humans
d. To make you feel awkward
Answer:
It’s (A)
Explanation:
It has sex in it
Which of the following does not appear as a separate section on the cash budget?
Entry field with correct answer
Cash receipts
Cash disbursements
Financing
Capital expenditures
Answer:
The correct answer is "Capital expenditures".
Explanation:
Capital expenditures, also known as capital expenses, are all the funds that a company uses to acquire or maintain their physical goods, such as buildings or equipment. Capital expenditures are part of the cash budget of a company, because the company must include them as part of the investment in long-term projects. Usually capital expenditures are planned for periods of five to ten years.
One of the major contributors to our understanding of vaccination was Edward Jenner.
What is Jenner’s contribution to the development of vaccinations? Choose the statement that best describes the work of Edward Jenner.
a) He was the first person to demonstrate that it was possible to make a vaccine against a bacterial infection.
b) He discovered the process of passive immunization--the transfer of protective antibodies to an individual.
c) Jenner developed the process of variolation, whereby he infected people with ground smallpox scabs to protect them from smallpox.
d) He demonstrated that inoculating people with crusts from cowpox lesions protected them from smallpox infection.
Answer:
I believe c
Explanation:
Antidiuretic hormone provides a means of controlling ____________ output. During dehydration blood volume declines and ____________ concentration rises. The increased osmolarity of the blood stimulates the hypothalamus to stimulate the ____________ pituitary to release ADH. ADH will work on the kidneys to ____________ water into the bloodstream. A negative feedback system is used until the blood ____________ and osmolarity return to normal levels.
Answer:
1. Water
2. Sodium
3. Posterior
4. Reabsorb
5. Volume
Explanation:
1. ADH or anti-diuretic hormone is the hormone which maintains the level of water in the body as ADH helps in reabsorption of water in the kidney and produces concentrated urine.
2. During dehydration, the level of the water in the blood declines but the concentration of sodium ions increases which increases the osmolarity of the blood.
3. The increased osmolarity are sensed by the osmoreceptors which send the signals to the hypothalamus which stimulates the posterior pituitary to release the ADH or vasopressin hormone.
4. The ADH hormone binds the ADH receptors in the collecting tubule of the kidney which opens the aquaporins to reabsorb the water from the urine.
5. This process in negative feedback as the volume of the blood and osmolarity returns to the normal. Once the level is normal, sends the signals to inhibit the synthesis of ADH from the posterior pituitary.
Urine production can be controlled by antidiuretic hormone. Blood volume decreases and salt concentration increases with dehydration. The posterior pituitary is stimulated to produce ADH by the hypothalamus as a result of the blood's increased osmolarity.
To reabsorb water into the circulation, ADH will cooperate with the kidneys. Until the blood volume and osmolarity restore to normal levels, a negative feedback mechanism is employed. The posterior pituitary gland releases ADH, also known as antidiuretic hormone, in reaction to the blood's increased osmolarity.
ADH affects the kidneys to boost water absorption, which lowers the volume of urine generated. This lessens urine production and aids in keeping the body's water balance. ADH also assists in controlling blood pressure.
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what is homeostatis
Answer:
homeostasis is the stability or balance of a cell or a body... Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium not constant.
Explanation:
THE TENDENCY TO MAINTAIN A STABLE RELATIVELY CONSTANT INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT IS CALLED HOMEOSTASIS. THE BODY MAINTAINS HOMEOSTASIS FOR MANY FACTORS IN ADDITION TO TEMPERATURE.
HOPE IT HELP....❤❤Research response: at least 2 paragraphs, 5-8 sentences per paragraph: Is it a good idea that the U.S. has approved the release of "killer" mosquitoes to fight disease?]
Place each descriptive statement in the correct column
most are pebble sized
Asteroids
Comets
Meteoroids
dirty snowballs
orbits vary
beveen Mars and Jupiter
coma and hvo tails
irregular shapes
the answers are in the image!
Most are pebble-sized: Meteoroids ,Orbits vary: Asteroids ,Comets
Between Mars and Jupiter :Asteroids ,Coma and two tails: Comets
Dirty snowballs: Comets ,Irregular shapes :AsteroidsComets .
Now, let's provide a brief explanation for each category:
Meteoroids:
Meteoroids are small celestial bodies, often pebble-sized, that travel through space. They can originate from comets or asteroids.
Asteroids:
Asteroids are rocky and metallic celestial bodies that vary in size and shape. They mostly orbit the Sun in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter. Their sizes can range from small pebbles to several hundred kilometers in diameter.
Comets:
Comets are celestial objects primarily made up of icy materials, dust, and rocky particles.
They often have irregular shapes and are known for the characteristic coma (a cloud of gas and dust) and two tails (ion tail and dust tail) when they approach the Sun.
These categories help differentiate and understand these celestial objects based on their sizes, locations, shapes, and distinct features.
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What are the roles of a decomposer ?
Based on the information in the chart, during which eon would you expect to find fossil evidence about the evolution of insects? A) Phanerozoic B) Proterozoic C) Archean D) pre-Archean
Answer:
A) Phanerozoic
Explanation:
In the given question, the chart about the evolution of insects has not been provided but based on the previous knowledge, this question can be answered.
The geologists have divided the time scale into many variables in which Eon represent the longest time scale period which has lasted for the millions of year.
The Phanerozoic eon represents the time scale during which first visible life evolved and began around 542 million years ago and is present until today. The insects belong to the arthropod group which evolved during a smaller time scale called Devonian period.
Since the insects evolved around 479 million years ago which falls under the Phanerozoic eon, therefore, phanerozoic is the correct answer.
Thus, Option-A is correct.
what state of matter does light travel through fastest
Light actually travel through a vacuum the fastest but state of matter wise it's a gas
Both amphibians and mammals rely on a double circulatory system. However, one large difference is ________.a. Amphibians do not have lungs b. Amphibians mix deoxygenated and oxygenated blood in their heart c. Amphibians have 2 atria d. Amphibians rely on Brownian motion e. None of the above
Answer:
BExplanation:
1. Amphibian's heart is three-chambered from which two are atria and only one is ventricle.
2. And there is two circulatory pathways having different routes.
3.There is mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in case of amphibians.
4. And in case of mammals there is no mixing of blood,, both the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood is completely separate.
5. Mammal's heart contain four chambers from which two are atria and two are ventricle, and they completely separate both the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
Which of these accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells?
A.
Cancer cells divide less frequently.
B.
Cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.
C.
Cancer cells have a consistent size and shape.
D.
Cancer cell nuclei are always small and rounded in shape.
Which of these accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells?
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A.
Cancer cells divide less frequently.
B.
Cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.
C.
Cancer cells have a consistent size and shape.
D.
Cancer cell nuclei are always small and rounded in shape.
Answer:
B. cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.
Explanation:
The statement that accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells is cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.
CANCEROUS CELLS:
Cancerous cells are group of cells that possess an irregular manner of replication. This inability to regulate the cell division of cancer cells may caused by variety of reasons like mutation etc. Normal cells, on the other hand, divide at a steady state. Cell division is normal for every living cell as this is the way cells replicate themselves. However, cell division is controlled or regulated at different points during the cell cycle to prevent proliferation in rate of cell division, otherwise, cancer cells results. Therefore, statement that accurately describes a difference between cancer cells and normal cells is cancer cells lack the ordered arrangement of normal cells.Learn more about cancer cells at: https://brainly.com/question/436553?referrer=searchResults
Because the urchin life involves two or more ecological niches, they are more susceptible to predation and exposure to environmental toxins. What environmental conditions, predators and toxins might they be exposed to at each stage?
Answer:
Sea urchins are spiny animals found in the aquatic habitat. They have similarities as the hedgehog and are referred to as Sea hedgehog.They feed on algae.
They are exposed to these conditions which include:
Environmental conditions- Changing water temperature and algal bloom
Predators- Crabs, Eels, Fish, Sea otters, Bird, Man
Environmental Toxins- Irgarol, Diuron, Polychlorinated biphenyl congeners.
For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significantproportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus,Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd). Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cellsof infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also belethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycletypically takes four to five days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangiainto the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100%; otherspecies seem able to survive the infection.If Bd cannot grow properly at temperatures above 28°C (82°F), then, assuming theamphibians can survive, in which time or place should the chytrid infection proceed mostrapidly?1. cooler months2. warmer months3. lower altitudes4. higher altitudes
Answer:
Infection with these microorganisms would be even more noticeable in cold stages where temperatures are less than 28 degrees, since in this way the microorganisms would not survive in the external environment and would less infect amphibians.
Explanation:
Also keep in mind that water at different latitudes may have a greater or less warmth (that is the reason why in some areas it is said that its boiling point is not 100 degrees Celsius but around 83).
The warmer the water, the more amphibian mortality because there will be more infection since the microorganism manages to survive in an environment suitable for its needs.
You have two tree forest communities. Community 1 has 20 species and each species has exactly 100 individuals in their populations. Community 2 has 20 species with one species "Which community has a higher species richness"? A. Community 1. B. Community 2. C. Both have the same richness. D. There is not enough information to answer the question.
Answer:
Option C, Both have the same richness
Explanation:
Given –
Community 1 has 20 species with each species having 100 individuals
Community 2 has 20 species with each species having 1 individual
This indicates that the species richness is the same in both the communities because species richness is defined by the total number of species in a given community. There is no relation between “species abundance with in a community” to the species richness.
Thus, option C is correct
why has ground water use increased
Answer:
The principal reason for the increase of groundwater use is the increasing population. Urbanization and pollution have both contributed to an increase in the use of groundwater. Polluted rivers, lakes, and springs are no longer viable sources of groundwater.
Explanation:
Two plants, both heterozygous are crossed. Purple flowers are dominant, white flowers are recessive
use the “P”.
A) what are the genotypes of the two flowers?
B) what percentage of their offspring will have purple flowers?
C) what percentage of offspring will have white flowers?
Answer:
The genotypes of the two flowers are heterozygous
Genotypes of offspring:
Homozygous dominate: 25
Heterozygous:50
Homozygous ressesive
Explanation:
If you do the punnett square you have to have Pp at the top and Pp on the side.
75 percent will look purple
25 percent will be white
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The water buttercup produces thin leaves underwater, but those same tissues will produce broad leaves above the water. individuals in the 1800's (when hunger and childhood diseases were common) averaged slightly over five feet tall, but their offspring in the 1900's were substantially taller on the average. these traits are:
Answer:
Environmental factos on gene expression
Explanation:
The water buttercup produces thin leaves underwater, but those same tissues will produce broad leaves above the water. individuals in the 1800's (when hunger and childhood diseases were common) averaged slightly over five feet tall, but their offspring in the 1900's were substantially taller on the average. these traits are environmental factos on the ability of genes to express themselves.
These traits are referred to as environmental factors on gene expression
type of trait.
TraitsThese are characteristics or features an organism has as a result of different
factors such as the following
GeneEnvironmentThe environmental factors such as hunger and childhood diseases made the
height of individuals to be lower in the 1800s.
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What are the gene product of the a and B genes
Answer:
The A gene determines the product N-acetylgalactosaminyltranferase activity. The B gene determines galactosyltransferase activity.
Explanation: it is just amazing
Answer:
read it :)
Explanation:
The A gene determines the product N- activity. The B gene determines galactosyltransferase activity. The O gene does not produce a functional enzyme. The enzyme products of the A and/or B genes act on H substance to convert it to A and/or B antigens.
3. Explain how proper
nutrition is connected to
the main function of the
digestive system.
Which structures break down food and release energy?
Answer: I believe it should be the Mitochondria.
Explanation:
The structures that break down food and release energy are the mitochondria.
Which structures break down food and release energy?Mitochondria are tiny structures inside cells that help make energy in a process called cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, the mitochondria break down glucose and other molecules from food. They use oxygen to make ATP, which provides energy for cellular activities.
Mitochondria are found a lot in cells that need a lot of energy, like muscle cells. They are very important for many processes in the body. Besides producing energy, mitochondria also have important tasks in controlling how cells work, managing cell death, and adapting to changes in the surroundings.
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what happens when a ecosystem is in equilibrium.
All living things must remain in balance, or equilibrium, also known as homeostasis. Our bodies maintain a balance of many things such as temperature. If we are too hot we sweat and if we are too cold we shiver. Our temperature must remain in equilibrium.
Even larger collections of living things like ecosystems must be in balance too. An ecosystem is a collection of living and non-living things in an area. There are lots of types of ecosystems we already know, such as a forest or a meadow. Any collection of living and non-living things in an area is an ecosystem, even a small ecosystem like your backyard.
Resources are plenty and predator and prey relationships are healthy. No competition for resources.
Answer:
the ecosystem is "Balanced"
Explanation:
Natural ecosystems are often incredibly sensitive to change, such as the introduction or removal of a species. A healthy ecosystem is said to be in equilibrium, which is a relatively stable state that keeps population sizes within a sustainable range (not too many of a certain species alive or dead). Consider the case of bears (who only eat fish) and salmon (who are only hunted by bears):