What is a 'balanced' dfd?

Answer: In object-oriented approach for the development of operating system requires stub and driver as essential part for the creation of proper interaction of the object oriented components with the external system.They help in testing of the module.

Stub is the unit that acts as a piece of code which fills in the place of the missing section in the system. The functions of the system module is tested by stub .

Driver is the part that helps in citing the system modules under the testing conditions.It is the piece of code that creates the calling function simulation.

Answer: Authentication

Explanation:

 Authentication is the mechanism of the challenge response in which it basically allow the server to challenge the user with the number without revealing any password.

Then the user must enter that particular password to enter into the device for calculating the particular response number. Then it basically compute the given response by apply hash function in the server challenge that combine the users password.  

Final answer:

Two-factor authentication (2FA) tokens or one-time password (OTP) tokens use a challenge response mechanism to enhance security in multi-factor authentication systems. A server sends a challenge number to the user, who then inputs it into a device that calculates a response using a secret key and algorithm. This system provides added security beyond traditional login credentials.

Explanation:

Devices that use a challenge response mechanism where the server challenges a user with a number, and the user must then enter this number into a device to calculate a response number, are known as two-factor authentication (2FA) tokens or one-time password (OTP) tokens.

These tokens are often used in multi-factor authentication systems, providing an extra layer of security beyond just a username and password. When a user attempts to log in, the server sends a unique challenge, such as a nonce or a time-based number. The user enters this challenge into their 2FA or OTP device, which then uses a pre-shared secret key and an algorithm to generate a response. The user enters this response back into the system to authenticate.

Examples of such devices include hardware tokens, like RSA SecurID, which display a number that changes periodically and must be entered during login, and software tokens, which run on smartphones or other devices using apps like Authy.

Answer: Theory of computation/Computation Theory/Automata Theory

Explanation: Automata theory is also known as the theory of computation.this theory describes about the simple machines in accordance with the computation logic.It is used in computer science field as well as mathematical field.

The function of the theory is to create the understanding of problem solving techniques and function.The functioning of the dynamic system which have the non-constant behavior  is the reason for the production of this theory.

Answer:

The answer is d.seaching for pattern matches.

Explanation:

Affinity analysis is a technique of data analysis and data mining used to discover relationships among activities performed by a group of interest. It's applied to process where the group of interest records information of their activities and that can be identified. In other words, this technique is used to analyze the behavior of people to identify patterns to determine links into potential purchases.

Answer:it has high coupling

Explanation: Coupling is the property in the field of computer program that is defined as the functions ,data and  codes of the program are dependent on each other and cannot be changed independently if requires. Thus,high amount of coupling is not considered as good factor due to high interdependence. Loose coupling can be still permitted.

Other options are correct because name of the class should reflect the purpose and well defined responsibilities should be present, modeling of certain component and high cohesion means keeping similar functions togather is also required. So, the only bad factor is high coupling

Answer:

 The systems is the type of the linux initialization system approach that basically include on demand features and used in tracking process in the linux control system as service manager.

The systemd also run or compile in terms of the user context and manage the additional system resources. The systemd file are basically used in the timer unit section to enable the individual unit in the particular timer section.

It basically provide various tools and the utilities that help in the various system tasks.    

Answer:

The c++ program for the given scenario is given below.

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main() {

   int age;

   string person;

   cout << "This program prints whether the person is an infant, a child, a teenager or an adult based on the age entered by the user." << endl;

   cout << "Enter the age in completed years" << endl;

   cin >> age;

   if( age>=0 && age<=1 )

       person = "infant";

   else if( age>1 && age<13 )

       person = "child";

   else if( age>=13 && age<20 )

       person = "teenager";

   else

       person = "adult";        

   cout << "The person is " << person << " at the age of " << age << endl;

   return 0;

}

OUTPUT

This program prints whether the person is an infant, a child, a teenager or an adult based on the age entered by the user.

Enter the age in completed years

1

The person is infant at the age of 1  

Explanation:

This program prints the phase of the human life based on the age entered by the user. The program executes as follows.

1. User is prompted to enter the age in completed years. The program does not validates the user inputted age since it is not specifically mentioned in the question.

2. An integer variable, age, is declared which is initialized to the age entered by the user.

3. A string variable, person, is declared which is initialized to the phase of the person based on the entered age. The variable person is not initialized.

4. The age of the user is tested using multiple if else statements. Based on the age criteria given in the question, the variable person is assigned a value. This value represents the phase of the person which is equivalent to the age.

5. The program terminates with a return statement since the main method has the return type of integer.

Final answer:

A program was written to categorize a person's life stage based on age. It asks the user to enter the age and then utilizes conditional statements to determine if the individual is an infant, child, teenager, or adult. The program is designed in Python with simple if-else statements.

Explanation:

Program to Determine Life Stage Based on Age

To answer the student's question, we will write a simple program that asks the user to input a person's age and then determines whether that person is classified as an infant, a child, a teenager, or an adult. The program utilizes conditional statements to categorize the age into the appropriate life stage following the given guidelines.

Here's a sample structure for the program in Python:

# Ask the user to input the age
age = int(input("Enter the person's age: "))

# Determine the life stage
if age <= 1:
   print("This person is an infant.")
elif age > 1 and age < 13:
   print("This person is a child.")
elif age >= 13 and age < 20:
   print("This person is a teenager.")
else:
   print("This person is an adult.")
The output of the program will inform the user of the life stage based on the age provided.

Answer:

 DNA obj =new DNA;//obj object created dynamically.

   DNA *dnaPtr=&obj.//dnaPtr to store the address of the object.

Explanation:

The above written statements are in C++.The DNA object is created dynamically and it is done in C++ by using new keyword which allocates the heap memory for the object.

Then a dnaPtr is created of type DNA so that it can store the address of the DNA objects.

Answer:

Following are the loop in c language

t = sizeof(courseGrades)/sizeof(courseGrades[0]);  // determine the size of array

   for(int i=0;i<t;++i) // iterating loop

   {

printf("%d ",courseGrades[i]);  // print the array in forward direction with space  

   }

   for(int i=t-1;i>=0;--i)// iterating loop

   {

printf("%d ",courseGrades[i]); // print the array in backward direction with space

  }

Explanation:

In this firstly we find a size of the courseGrades array in variable "t" after that we created a loop for print  the courseGrades array in forward direction with space.

finally we created a loop  for printing  the courseGrades array in backwards direction.

Following are the program in c language :

#include <stdio.h> // header file

int main() // main function

{

   int courseGrades[]={7, 9, 11, 10}; // array declaration

  int t; // variable t to store the length of the array

  t = sizeof(courseGrades)/sizeof(courseGrades[0]); // determine the size of array

   for(int i=0;i<t;++i)  // iterating loop

   {

printf("%d ",courseGrades[i]); //print the array in forward direction with space  

   }

   for(int i=t-1;i>=0;--i) // iterating loop

   {

printf("%d ",courseGrades[i]);//  // print the array in backward direction with space  

   }

  return 0;

}

Output:

7 9 11 10 10 11 9 7

Final answer:

A forward and backward traversal of an array can be achieved with two separate for loops, printing each element followed by a space and ending each loop with a newline.

Explanation:

Traversing an array both forwards and backwards is a common task in programming, often accomplished using for loops. To print all the elements in an array called courseGrades, first in the original order and then in reverse, two separate for loops can be used. Here is a sample code snippet:

int[] courseGrades = {7, 9, 11, 10};
// Forward traversal
for (int i = 0; i < courseGrades.length; i++) {
   System.out.print(courseGrades[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();
// Backward traversal
for (int i = courseGrades.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
   System.out.print(courseGrades[i] + " ");
}
System.out.println();

The first for loop initializes the iterator variable i at 0 and iterates until it reaches the length of the array, while the second for loop starts from the end of the array and decrements i until it gets to 0. Both loops print each element followed by a space, concluding with a newline character after the end of each loop.

Answer:

Traditional database system is the system that contains all the data in the computer files on a computer system. The organization of the data is done in the form of files sets. In this system, large amount of data is not properly accessible due to inefficiency and also consumes lot of time.

Instead of the traditional system,database system is used, which has the collection of the data that gets stored in the database management system(DBMS).They can be managed by the operating system.

They have qualities like consuming large amount of data, any type of information, independent to work ,less time-taking development of application for etc. which is not present in traditional system.Thus database system are chosen over the traditional system.

Answer:  Database software is bought on basis of the processing, cost, requirement etc for any particular . According to the financial perspective the database  software should have the following characteristics:-

Answer: d)The optical unit must be positioned so that the sun does not shine into the aperture.

Explanation: Iris scanner is the capturing and scanning of the unique iris pattern that is present in small colored circle in the human eye.This techniques works through the invisible infrared light which captures the distinctive pattern.This is usually not visible from the naked eyes.

While scanning the iris through infrared light for image creation, sunlight can interrupt the aperture if it is positioned towards the direct light of sun.

Other options are incorrect because laser beam usually does not damage the eye in most cases,change in pattern in iris is rarely change over time and it has good rate of acceptance.Thus the correct option is option(d).

Answer:

#include <iostream>  // header file

using namespace std;  // namespace

int main ()

{

int n, x1, i=0,odd_Sum = 0, even_Sum = 0;  // variable declaration

cout << "Enter the number of terms you want: ";

 cin >> n;  // user input the terms

cout << "Enter your values:" << endl;

  while (i<n)  // iterating over the loop

{

cin >> x1;  // input the value

if(x1 % 2 == 0)  // check if number is even

{

even_Sum = even_Sum+x1;  // calculate sum of even number

}

else

{

odd_Sum += x1; // calculate sum of odd number.

}

i++;

}

cout << "Sum of Even Numbers is: " << even_Sum << endl;  // display the sum of even number

cout << "Sum of Odd Numbers is: " << odd_Sum << endl;  // display the sum of odd number

return 0;

}

Output:

Enter the number of terms you want:3

Enter your values:2

1

78

Sum of Even Numbers is:80

Sum of Odd Numbers is:1

Explanation:

In this program we enter the number of terms by user .After that iterating over the loop less then the number of terms .

Taking input from user in loop and check the condition of even. If condition is true then adding the sum of even number otherwise adding the sum of odd number.

Finally print the the sum of the even number and odd integers.

Answer: False

Explanation: Procedure is the planning technique that is used for the defining the events or steps in a serial manner. The series of action requires to deal at the time of crisis is known as the crisis management procedure.

So ,if the procedure is made for the critical situation , it will contain the well managed steps along with the alertness towards handling the critical situation .The steps towards the precaution, avoidance of harm and tackling will reduce the mistakes in the crisis. Thus the statement given is false.

Answer: a)Safety stock

Explanation: Safety stock is the collection of item or goods of any particular company so that they do not face out of stock situation.This stocks helps in the situation when the sale of goods are more than expected rate and additional stock is not present to be used in the uncertain situation.

Safety stock acts as the insurance because of its extra inventory in the uncertain situation.Other options are incorrect because stock-out means the stock of items getting finished, continuous replenishment is notification about the sales on daily basis and restocking is the refilling of the items in stock upon the request when the goods get out of stock.Thus the correct option is option(a)

Please copy the C++ code inluded. It's better to open it with an Integrated Development Environment of your choice.

Th C++ code includes explanatory comments (after "//"). You may run it on on step by step basis.

The void function code follows:

void swapFunction(int & a, int & b) {    // receives 2 references (&) as  a and b

int c = a;                                  // saves a's value (actually first's) to local variable c

a = b;                                      // assigns b's value (actually second's) to a (actually first's)

b = c;                                      // assigns to b (actually second) from c

}

using namespace std;                        // Assumes "std::" prefix for "cin" and "cout"    

int main() {                                // Main program unit

int first,second;                           // We must declare 2 variables to store 2 int values (data input)

cout << "First value:"; cin >> first;       // Reads first value after a little message

cout << "Second value:"; cin >> second;     // Reads second value after a little message

swapFunction(first,second);                 // Swap function call sends first's and second's references

cout << "First value:" << first << endl;    // Displays new first value

cout << "Second value:" << second << endl;  // Displays new second value

return 0;                                   // Success exit returns 0

}

Answer:

 File format:

   The file format basically describe the main structure of the data. It is the standard way for designing the different types of data in very particular file format. The information is basically encoded in the computer file as storage.

There are different types of file format such as:

Protocol is basically define the proper procedure for handling the different types of the data in he database. It is the set of guideline and rules are are specifically used in communication in the form of data or information.

Answer:

Output of the given code is: 10 20 30.

Explanation:

Here in function find(int a, int& b, int& c), three parameters are passed, firstis passed by value and rest are passed by reference. When a parameter is passed by value, the any changes made by the other function doesn't reflects in the main function.And when a value is passed by reference, then any changes made by other function will reflects in the main function also.

Here find is called with (10,20,25).So in the function, c=a+b i e. c=10+20.Here b,c are passed by reference. So any change in b,c will change the value of y,z in main. temp=10,then a=b i.e a=20, and b=2*temp That is b=2*10.Here value of a=20, b=20 and c=30.Since b,c are passed by reference then it will change the value of y, z in main function but a will not change the value of x.

Hence the value of x=10, y=20 and z =30 after the function call.

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

An expression containing the && and  operator is only true if both of the operands present in the expression are true otherwise it will give the result as false if either one of them is false or both of them are false.In the question it states that the expression in true either or both of it's operand are true.

Hence the answer is true.

Answer: (D) Database design follows the twelve principles proffered by Dr. Edgar F. Codd

Explanation:

 The relational database is basically based on the relational model of the data which is proposed by the Dr Edger F. codd and he mainly introduced the twelve basics principle of the database designing in the database system. He also contributed various valuable principle in the computer science.

The twelve principle are:

Answer:

In a stream cipher, the information is ciphered byte-by-byte.

In a block cipher, the information is ciphered block by block.

Explanation:

Suppose I have the following text:

Buffalo Bills New England Patriots

New York Jets Miami Dolphins

Each line is one byte, so, on the stream cipher, i am going to apply the ciphering algorithm on:

The letter B

The letter u

The letter f

Until

The letter s(of Miami Dolphins)

Now for the block cipher, i am saying that each line is a block, so the algorithm is going to be applied.

First on: Buffalo Bills New England Patriots

Then: New York Jets Miami Dolphins

Final answer:

A stream cipher processes input data bit by bit or byte by byte, generating a stream of encrypted output. A block cipher divides input data into fixed-length blocks and encrypts each block separately using a fixed encryption algorithm and a secret key.

Explanation:

A stream cipher and a block cipher are two different encryption techniques used in computer cryptography. The main difference between them lies in the way they encrypt data. A stream cipher processes the input message bit by bit or byte by byte, generating a stream of encrypted output. This stream is combined with the plaintext using a bitwise operation such as XOR to produce the ciphertext. Stream ciphers are typically used for real-time applications or when individual bits need to be encrypted and decrypted.

On the other hand, a block cipher divides the input message into fixed-length blocks, usually 64 or 128 bits, and encrypts each block separately. The blocks are encrypted using a fixed encryption algorithm and a secret key. Block ciphers are commonly used for securely encrypting large amounts of data in a fixed block size.

Answer:

 The modification factor decides each progression of property changed in the procedure of the negotiation. In the event that the progression is pretty much nothing, the client can't show signs of improvement arrangement result inside as far as possible.

In the specific arrangement of the negotiation round, if the half shops dismiss the new offering that is propose by the client specialist just because, it implies it is unreasonably forceful for the e-shops. The shopper will keep up the negotiation with "littler" change factors.

In many cases, the e-shop keeper accept the given offer and then, the negotiation agent built a big factor of adjustment.

Answer: Encryption technique is the method for encoding of the information or confidential data which can only be used by the authorized user. The decryption of the message is done by the key that is provided to the authorized party.

Integrity is the property which makes sure that the data is secured and non accessible by the unauthorized party.Thus, encryption makes sure that data does not gets accessed by unauthorized unit that is assuring about the data integrity.

Answer:

if(i > j && i > k) // check if i is greatest

{

   biggest = i;

}

else if( j> i && j > k) // check j is greatest

{

    biggest = j;

}

// else highest is k

else                // otherwise k is greatest

{

   biggest = k;

}

Explanation:

Following are the program in c++ language

#include<iostream> // header file

using namespace std; // namespace

int main() // main function

{

int i,j,k;// varaible declaration

int biggest;

cout<<" \nenter the value i,j and k:\n ";

cin>>i>>j>>k;

if(i > j && i > k) // check if i is greatest

{

   biggest = i;

}

else if( j> i && j > k) // check j is greatest

{

    biggest = j;

}

// else highest is k

else                // otherwise k is greatest

{

   biggest = k;

}

cout<<" the biggest number is :"<<biggest;

return(0);

}

Output:

enter the value i,j and k:

67

8

9

the biggest number is :67

In this  program we check the following condition:

if(i > j && i > k) then it store the value of i into biggest variable .

if( j> i && j > k) then it store the value of j into biggest variable .

otherwise the value of k is store into biggest variable .

Explanation:

rand() function is used to generate random integers between the range 0 to RAND_MAX.So if we divide the the rand() function by RAND_MAX the value returned will be 0.

You cannot do RAND_MAX + 1 the compiler will give error integer overflown.

To generate an integer with a range.You have to do like this:

srand(time(0));

int a=-1*(rand() % (0 - 5245621) +1);

cout <<a;

This piece of code will return an integer within the range 0 to -5245622.

Answer: The differences between the unbound and the bound control are as follows:-

Answer:

The 7 types of bootstrap buttons are as following:-

.btn-default

.btn-primary

.btn-success

.btn-info

.btn-warning

.btn-danger

.btn-link

Explanation:

These are the 7 types of different bootstrap buttons there is also one more type that is called simple button .btn  .

Default button is of white color.

Primary button is of blue color.

success button is of green color.

info button is of greenish blue color.

warning button is of orange color.

danger button is of red color.

link button is of no color.

Answer:

The class is called MyApp which inherits from JFrame and implements the ActionListener interface.

Explanation:

The class is called MyApp which extends the swing class JFrame and implements the ActionListener interface for event handling. As a results it needs to implement a method called actionPerformed for handling the relevant events that may be raised from the user interface. Since it extends JFrame, it has access to all the public and protected methods defined in JFrame(for example setTitle to set the title of the frame).

The Java class definition 'public class MyApp extends JFrame implements ActionListener' shows that MyApp is a public class extending JFrame and implementing ActionListener. This means it inherits from JFrame and must provide the actionPerformed method. An example demonstrates adding a button to the JFrame and handling button clicks.

The given Java class definition public class MyApp extends JFrame implements ActionListener indicates several important things:

Here’s a simple example to illustrate:

In this example, a button is added to the JFrame, and when clicked, the actionPerformed method is triggered, printing a message to the console.

Answer:

E) in linux you can run MySQL in 'safe mode' (which doesn't require a password to login) to reset your password.

Answer:

(e) In Linux you can run MySQL in 'safe mode' (which doesn't require a password to login) to reset your password.

Explanation:

Answer:

 Ethics is the branch of the moral philosophy and basically refers to the rules that is provided by the external source. Ethics is the standard principle and value that is used by the individual decisions and actions.

Organizational ethics is very important in an organization so that they can govern the employee ethics and value towards their organization.  Honesty, fair are the main principles of the ethics.

Morals basically refers to the individual's principle regarding the wrong and right decision making.

Morals in the organization is the is the consistency of the individual manner, standard and it basically guide the basic values in the organization.