What is shared when molecules are formed?
A. Proton
B. Bond
C. Neutrons
D. Electrons

Air is in the state of matter known as a gas. While it can sometimes contain particles from other states (liquid or solid), these are suspended within the air, and the air itself remains a gas. Air is not normally in the state of plasma on Earth.

Air is considered to be in the state of matter known as a gas. This is one of the three most common states of matter, the others being solid and liquid. Gases have the property of conforming both to the shape and volume of their container. They can be compressed or expanded, unlike solids or liquids, which have a fixed volume.

Occasionally, air might contain particles from other states of matter, such as small droplets of water (a liquid) or dust (a solid). However, these are not part of the air itself, but suspended within it, so the air still remains a gas.

There is also another state of matter called plasma, which is like a gas but with some of the atoms ionized. This state of matter, typically found in high-temperature environments like stars and lightning strikes, is distinct from gases. However, under normal conditions on Earth, air is not a plasma but a gas.

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The scientists study seismographs to know about the force and the time duration of the earthquake.

The instrument known as seismogram  that makes a record of seismic waves create because of the  earthquake and explosion, or other Earth-shaking phenomenon.

Seismographs are made up  with electromagnetic sensors that then translate ground motions into change in electrical field , which are then processed and recorded by the instruments for further analysis.

Therefore, scientists study seismographs to know about the force and the time duration of the earthquake.

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Scientists use land surface temperature maps to analyze and forecast changes in Earth's climate, studying variables such as glaciers, river levels, tree rings, and greenhouse gases.

Scientists use a land surface temperature map in various ways to analyze and forecast changes in the Earth's climate. One method is by examining previous and present data, such as the dimensions and locations of glaciers, and the levels of lakes, rivers, and oceans. This can reveal patterns related to global warming and other temperature changes.

Another method is by examining the number and condition of annual rings in trees. The thickness and appearance of these rings can provide information about the climate in various eras. A third approach is analysis of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which can point to climactic changes over the years.

Scientists also use temperature maps to model weather patterns, incorporating data about pressure (which can be depicted on the same maps) and solar energy. This can be particularly useful for predicting the path and impact of notable weather events like hurricanes. All of these methods contribute to our understanding of the Earth's climate and how it might change in the future.

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100 mL of water weighs 100 g.

If 100 mL of a liquid that weighs only 20g, it cannot be water because of the great difference in density, unless there is an enormous error in the weighing process.

Yes, it is possible to combine the same two elements to form two different compounds. An example is carbon dioxide CO2 and carbon monoxide CO. This is because two elements can form different types of bond and end up with different compounds.

There is a limited number of elements but a large number of compounds because of the above reason.

Yes, two different compounds can be made from the same two elements by altering their atomic ratios. Despite having fewer than 120 elements, innumerable compounds exist due to various ways elements can combine and bond.

A. This is because different compounds can be created by changing the ratio of atoms of each element. For instance, depending on the number of oxygen atoms bonded to each carbon atom, carbon and oxygen can combine to form carbon monoxide (CO) or carbon dioxide (CO₂).

B. The reason for this is that elements can combine in a variety of ways, resulting in a wide range of compounds with distinct properties. For example, even if two elements form a compound in the same ratio, they can combine in different ratios to form entirely different compounds.

Factors influencing compound formation

Each shell can contain only a fixed number of electrons: The first shell can hold up to two electrons, the second shell can hold up to eight (2 + 6) electrons, the third shell can hold up to 18 (2 + 6 + 10) and so on.

Answer: Option (c) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

In liquids, molecules are held by slightly less strong intermolecular forces of attraction as compared to solids.

Hence, molecules of a liquid are able to slide past each other as they have more kinetic energy than the molecules of a solid.

As a result, liquids are able to occupy the shape of container in which they are placed. Also, liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape.

Thus, we can conclude that liquids have a variable shape and a fixed volume.

Answer:

variable, fixed

Explanation:

Mass of strontium = 88 g

Atomic mass of Sr = 87.62 u

Moles = mass /atomic mass

Moles of Sr =  88 / 87.62 = 1.004

Mass of bromine = 160 g

Atomic mass of Br = 79.904 u

Molar mass of Br₂ = 79.904 x 2 = 159.808 g/mol

Moles = mass /molar mass

Moles of Br₂ =  160 / 159.808 = 1.001

The balanced chemical equation of the reaction between strontium and bromine:

Sr(s) + Br₂(l) = SrBr₂

The molar ratio between Br₂  and SrBr₂ is 1:1

So the moles of SrBr₂ produced from 1.001 moles of Br₂ is 1.001.

Moles = mass /molar mass

Mass = moles x molar mass

Molar mass of SrBr₂ = 247.4280 g/mol

Mass = 1.001 mol x 247.4280 g/mol

Mass = 247.428 g

The mass of strontium bromide produced is 247.428 g.

ANSWER:

We don't get an eclipse all period because the Moon's revolution is turned at  approximately 5∘ to the ecliptic.

EXPLANATION:

If the Moon's revolution was in the equal level as the Earth's we would encounter two  eclipses all period. A solar eclipse would appear every new moon also a lunar eclipse  would appear every full moon. As the Moon's orbit is turned at 5∘ to the ecliptic, an  eclipse can simply happen when the Moon is near one of its links which are the points  where the Earth and Moon circles intersect. The line joining the links also has to be  facing towards the Sun.

When multiplying 2.3 mm by 8.00 mm to find area, how should you report your answer?

A. 18 mm^2

BAS might be an improperly capitalized: BAs, BaS

PTF2 might be an improperly capitalized: PtF2

BAF2 might be an improperly capitalized: BaF2

PTS might be an improperly capitalized: PtS

Answer:

BaS + PtF2 → BaF2 + PtS

Explanation:

This is an Double Replacement Reaction, so the products gonna be Barium fluoride and Platinum sulfide.

BaS + PtF → BaF + PtS

Answer: Evaporation and condensation are the two changes in state which are most represented in water cycle.

Explanation:

A process of circulation of water by passing through different states between the atmosphere, oceans and land is known as water cycle.

In water cycle, the most represented changes in state are evaporation and condensation. As during evaporation, the water present in the oceans, rivers, wells or on the land evaporates because of the heat from the sun as a result the liquid state is changing into gas.

Whereas, during condensation gas or water vapours changes into liquid. For example, when water condenses in the atmosphere it results in the formation of clouds.

Thus, it can be concluded that evaporation and condensation are the two changes in state which are most represented in water cycle.

Evaporation and condensation are the two primary changes of state represented in the water cycle, where water continually transitions between liquid and gas as it is heated by the sun and cools in the atmosphere.

The two changes in state that are most represented in the water cycle are evaporation and condensation. During evaporation, liquid water is transformed into water vapor, a gas, as it gains heat from the sun or the air. This water vapor then rises into the atmosphere. When the water vapor cools, it undergoes condensation, turning back into liquid water and forming clouds. These two processes play a vital role in the recycling of water on Earth and are essential aspects of the global climate system.

Evaporation and condensation, respectively, represent the equilibrium between the liquid and gas states of water. They are continually occurring throughout the Earth's surface and atmosphere, driving the water cycle and influencing weather and climate.

The Pascal (symbol: Pa) is the SI derived unit of pressure. It is used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus and ultimate tensile strength. It is defined as one Newton per square meter. It is named after the French polymath Blaise Pascal.

The Pascal (Pa) or kilo pascal (kPa) as a unit of pressure measurement is widely used throughout the world and has largely replaced the pounds per square inch.

The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa) and it is derived from the base units of the International System of Units (SI): kilogram (kg), meter (m), and second (s).

The SI unit of pressure is the Pascal (Pa). It is derived from the base units of the International System of Units (SI): kilogram (kg), meter (m), and second (s).

One Pascal is defined as one Newton per square meter (N/m^2). This means that pressure is the force applied per unit area.

For example, if you have a force of 100 Newtons acting on an area of 1 square meter, the pressure would be 100 Pascals.

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Final answer:

Correct option is: 4 N, left. The net force on the person standing on ice who throws a snowball to the right with a force of 4 N is 4 N to the left, in accordance with Newton's third law of motion.

Explanation:

The question involves understanding Newton's third law of motion, which states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In this scenario, a person standing on ice throws a snowball to the right with a force of 4 N. According to Newton's third law, the snowball exerts an equal force of 4 N to the left on the person. Therefore, the net force on the person is 4 N to the left, as the forces exerted by the person on the snowball and by the snowball on the person are action-reaction pairs and do not cancel each other out. Instead, they act on different objects.

Water (H2O) and Sodium (Na) are reactants.

2H2O+2Na......2NaOH+H2

In the above reaction the water (H2O) and sodium (Na) are reactants and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen are products.

And this is the single displacement reaction.

Final answer:

In the equation 2H2O + 2Na → 2NaOH + H2, water (H2O) and sodium (Na) are the reactants, while sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2) are the products.

Explanation:

In the chemical reaction 2H2O + 2Na → 2NaOH + H2, the reactants are the substances that start the reaction. In this case, the reactants are water (H2O) and sodium (Na). When sodium metal is placed in water, a reaction occurs where these reactants transform into the products, which are sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and hydrogen gas (H2).

Specifically, solid sodium reacts with liquid water, producing molecular hydrogen gas and ionic compound sodium hydroxide, which is a solid in pure form but readily dissolves in water to form an aqueous solution.

They would be arranged in a trigonal planar orientation.

If there were only three electron groups around an atom they tend to repel each other and gain a trigonal planar orientation. A molecule with three electron groups orients the three groups as far apart as possible. They adopt the positions of an equilateral triangle 120° apart and in a plane. The shape of such molecules is trigonal planar. An example is BF3:

Answer:

trigonal planar orientation.

Explanation:

Answer: The answer is A

Explanation: I know this because I just did the USA test-prep

Answer:

On the basis of the given information, the dominant allele must be for black fur and the recessive allele must be for white fur.

Explanation:

A variation of a gene, which will generate a certain phenotype, even in the existence of other alleles is known as a dominant allele. On the other hand, a version of a gene that needs to be homozygous when inherited in order to be articulated in the phenotype is known as a recessive allele. The offspring will not express the phenotype of the recessive allele if it is inherited together with a dominant allele, that is, the phenotype of the dominant allele will just be expressed.

Explanation: For evaluating the combined gas law, we use four laws:

Charles' Law: Volume of a gas is directly proportional to the Temperature at Constant Pressure.

                           [tex]V\propto T[/tex]      (at constant Pressure)

Boyle's Law: Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to the Pressure of a gas at constant Temperature.

                           [tex]V\propto \frac{1}{P}[/tex]   (at constant Temperature)

Gay-Lussac's Law: Pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the Temperature at constant Volume.                                                                  

                           [tex]P\propto T[/tex]      (at constant Volume)

Avogadro's Law: Volume of gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of gas at constant Pressure and constant Temperature.

                          [tex]V\propto n[/tex]      (at constant Pressure and Temperature)

Combining all the four laws, we get

                           [tex]PV\propto nT[/tex]

                            PV=nRT     (Combined Gas Law)

where, R = Gas constant

Now, we need to calculate the pressure, rearranging the terms:

                          [tex]P=\frac{nRT}{V}[/tex]

When an ideal gas at Initial Pressure [tex]P_1[/tex], Volume [tex]V_1[/tex] and Temperature [tex]T_1[/tex] undergoes change in variables to Final pressure [tex]P_2[/tex], Volume [tex]V_2[/tex] and Temperature [tex]T_2[/tex] , we write

                         [tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1}=\frac{P_2V_2}{T_2}[/tex]

                        [tex]P_2=(\frac{P_1V_1}{T_1})(\frac{T_2}{V_2})[/tex]

Answer : The variables in the numerator (a) will be, [tex]P_1,V_1,T_2[/tex] and the variables in the denominator (b) will be, [tex]V_2,T_1[/tex]

Explanation :

The combined gas law has arrived from the combination of the four laws:

1) Boyle's Law : It is defined as the pressure of the gas is inversely proportional to the volume of the gas at constant temperature and the number of moles.

[tex]P\propto \frac{1}{V}[/tex]

2) Charles' Law : It is defined as the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant pressure and number of moles.

[tex]V\propto T[/tex]

3) Gay-Lussac's Law : It is defined as the pressure of the gas is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas at constant volume and number of moles.

[tex]P\propto T[/tex]

4) Avogadro's Law : It is defined as the volume of the gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant pressure and temperature.

[tex]V\propto n[/tex]

By combining these four laws, we get the combined gas law.

[tex]PV\propto nT\\\\PV=nRT[/tex]

where, R = gas constant

An ideal gas at initial pressure [tex]P_1[/tex], initial volume [tex]V_1[/tex] and initial temperature [tex]T_1[/tex] undergoes changes with the variables to final pressure [tex]P_2[/tex], final volume [tex]V_2[/tex] and final temperature [tex]T_2[/tex].

By rearranging the gas law, we get the final pressure.

[tex]\frac{P_1V_1}{P_2V_2}=\frac{T_1}{T_2}\\\\P_2=\frac{P_1V_1T_2}{V_2T_1}[/tex]

Therefore, the variables in the numerator (a) will be, [tex]P_1,V_1,T_2[/tex] and the variables in the denominator (b) will be, [tex]V_2,T_1[/tex]

The statement of mass number of an atom is "the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a nucleus."

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number, often known as the atomic mass number or nucleon number. Each atom also has a mass number, which is represented by the symbol A. The atom's mass number equals the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.

Protons + neutrons = mass number

Hence the correct answer is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in a nucleus.

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The more solid a substance is, the less kinetic energy there is. This is because there is not a lot of space for the atoms in the solid state to move. However, in the gaseous state, the atoms are far apart with plenty of space, this lets them create a lot more kinetic energy. Solids have a lot more intermolecular forces because the atoms are together. The IMF (intermolecular force) is what lets the atoms/molecules stick together. In the solid state, all the atoms are stuck together with little to no room in between. In the liquid state, it has a lot of IMF but is weaker then the IMF in the solid state. This is why you have so much resistance when you try to move through water. In the gaseous state, there is little to no IMF because the atoms are all so far apart. This makes it easier for everyone to move around.

To answer your question more directly: As the substance is heated to its melting point, there is an increase in kinetic energy, but decrease in intermolecular forces.

As a substance is heated, the increase in kinetic energy of its particles overcomes the intermolecular forces holding them together, leading to the substance's melting.

When a substance is heated, the kinetic energy of its particles increases. The molecules in the substance start moving faster, which essentially means that their kinetic energy is increasing. This increase in kinetic energy helps overcome the forces of attraction holding the molecules together, or the intermolecular forces.

As this heat energy continues to be applied, the molecules gain enough energy to break free from these attractive forces leading to the transformation from a solid to a liquid. This energy required to change a solid into a liquid at its melting point is referred to as the heat of fusion. The higher the intermolecular forces in a substance, the higher the kinetic energy (or heat) needed to get the substance to melt.

Therefore, in summary, heating a substance increases the kinetic energy of its particles, which helps overcome the intermolecular forces that hold the particles together, leading to the melting of the substance when the particles have enough energy to break free.

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Eutrophication causes excess algae growth because of fertilizer and sewage runoff because of the amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus it contains

Answer:

B

Explanation:

Eutrophication is a major problem for the ecosystems surrounding farmlands. This is as a result of farmers irresponsibly using fertilisers, and end up adding too much to their soil.

The way they see it, is that the more fertiliser they give the plants, the better the plants will grow, unfortunately plants can only take up so much nutrients, and what ends up happening is when the rain comes, a lot of the nutrients in the soil get washed away, and they usually end up in steams or lakes.

Now fertilisers are not specific to certain plants, so algae, which grows in lakes and streams, now have access to an almost endless supply of nutrients. So, what happens is the algae take up nutrients, and grow so much, that it ends up absorbing all the oxygen dissolved in the water. This  causes the fish to die, due to the lack of oxygen and the body of water becomes uninhabitable.

To visually represent a polymer, Georgina should use building blocks like atomic model kits, jelly tots, playdough, and toothpicks to build models of monomers such as ethene, propene, or vinyl chloride. These materials can effectively demonstrate the connection between monomers to form a polymer chain, serving as an educational tool for understanding molecular models and polymer chemistry.

Georgina wants to visually represent a polymer. The best model for representing a polymer would be building blocks, such as atomic model kits, jelly tots, playdough, and toothpicks. These materials provide the flexibility needed to showcase how individual monomers can be connected to form more complex structures, mimicking the actual chemical bonding of polymers. For example, if one were to build models of ethene, propene, or vinyl chloride monomers, they could use colored balls or jelly tots to represent the atoms and use toothpicks or sticks to represent the bonds between them, creating clear visual representations of each monomer.

By connecting these basic structures together, one can simulate the formation of a polymer chain. This hands-on approach helps illustrate the concept of monomers linking to form polymers and enhances the understanding of the molecular models and the chemical properties of the individual building blocks or functional groups within the polymer structure.

The correct answer is 1) Ag, Si, I₂

Ag or silver is a metal. Silver is a transition element which lies in the d-block of the periodic table.

Si or silicon is a metalloid. Silicon is a metalloid which lies in the p-block of the periodic table.

I₂ or iodine is a nonmetal. Iodine is a halogen which lies in group 17 of the periodic table. All halogens are nonmetals.

Option 1: Ag, Si, I2 is the correct answer, where Ag is a metal, Si is a metalloid, and I2 is a nonmetal. These elements exhibit distinctive properties of metals, metalloids, and nonmetals.

The correct answer is option 1: Ag, Si, I2. In this group, Ag (Silver) is a metal, Si (Silicon) is a metalloid, and I2 (Iodine) is a nonmetal. Metals are elements that have properties such as good electrical and thermal conductivity, malleability, ductility, and a shiny appearance. Metalloids, on the other hand, have properties of both metals and nonmetals. Nonmetals are typically poor conductors of heat and electricity, and they aren't malleable or ductile; they are brittle.

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Hey There!:

Molar mass O2 => 32.0 g/mol

Molar mass Cl2 => 71.0 g/mol

effusion rate α  1 / (√ molar mass )

E Cl2 / E O2 = √ molar mass O2 / √ molar mass Cl2

E Cl2 / E O2 =   ( √ 32.0 ) /  ( √ 71.0 )

=> 0.671

Hope that helps!

Answer: The ratio of rate of effusion of chlorine gas and oxygen gas will be 0.671

Explanation:

To calculate the rate of diffusion of gas, we use Graham's Law.

This law states that the rate of effusion or diffusion of gas is inversely proportional to the square root of the molar mass of the gas. The equation given by this law follows the equation:

[tex]\text{Rate of diffusion}\propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\text{Molar mass of the gas}}}[/tex]

We are given:

Molar mass of chlorine gas = 71 g/mol

Molar mass of oxygen gas = 32 g/mol

By taking their ratio, we get:

[tex]\frac{Rate_{Cl_2}}{Rate_{O_2}}=\sqrt{\frac{M_{O_2}}{M_{Cl_2}}}[/tex]

[tex]\frac{Rate_{Cl_2}}{Rate_{O_2}}=\sqrt{\frac{32}{71}}\\\\\frac{Rate_{Cl_2}}{Rate_{O_2}}=0.671[/tex]

Hence, the ratio of rate of effusion of chlorine gas and oxygen gas will be 0.671

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Final answer:

The density of water decreases slightly below 1000 kg/m³ as temperatures increase from 4°C to 50°C. At 150°C, water would be a gas with much lower density. This behavior is due to the unique molecular structure and hydrogen bonding in water.

Explanation:

The question regarding the density of water at different temperatures touches on fundamental principles of chemistry and physics. The unique properties of water mean that its density does not simply decrease linearly with temperature. Instead, due to hydrogen bonding and molecular structure, water is at its densest at around 4°C. As the temperature increases from 4°C, the density of liquid water decreases due to increased molecular movement that causes water molecules to occupy more space. Therefore, at 50°C, we can predict the density of water would be slightly lower than its maximum density at 4°C, likely a little under 1000 kg/m³. At 150°C, water would be in a gaseous state under normal atmospheric pressure, and thus its density as a gas would be significantly lower than as a liquid.