Answer:
It is the zone in which photosynthesis occurs.
Explanation:
The Epipelagic is the uppermost of the oceanic zones and is crucial to the ocean food chain because it is here that photosynthesis can occur thanks to the presence of sunlight.
Phytoplankton live and grow in this zone and are an essential food source for countless marine animals, including whales. Many forms of marine life not only in the Epipelagic but below in the Mesopelagic zone, depend on phytoplankton.
The darker zones underneath the Epipelagic are characterized by having much lower biodiversity since the lack of sunlight and combination of high pressures and cold temperatures makes them more inhospitable.
The epipelagic zone is crucial to the oceanic food web due to its support of photosynthesis, which enables plankton to thrive and form the base of the food chain. This sustains diverse marine life, including many economically important fish species.
The epipelagic zone is the uppermost part of the ocean and is critical to the ocean food web. Light penetration in this zone, which extends to about 200 meters below sea level, is sufficient for photosynthesis, which is the fundamental process that drives the production of organic material in the marine ecosystem. This area contains a high concentration of organisms, both plankton, which are the foundational producers in the ocean food chain, and nekton, the more mobile animals that feed on the plankton and each other.
As the primary productive zone, the epipelagic supports a diverse range of life and ecosystems, enabling plankton to flourish and serve as the base of the food chain for larger species such as fish, mammals, and birds. Ocean currents contribute to thermal stratification within this zone, mixing warm and cold waters, which affects nutrient distribution and availability. Moreover, the epipelagic zone's role is critical to the survival of many marine species, influences global climate patterns, and supports human economies through fisheries and tourism.
Conventional tillage changes the porespace distribution of soil used for agricultural production compared to a similar soil under native vegetation. Generally, following tillage, the volume of macropores is greater in the agricultural soil. This is a permanent change in macropore volume that remains long after tillage has ended. Select one:a. True b. False.
Answer:
The correct answer is False.
Explanation:
The soil has many beneficial characteristics, such as the ability to retain water that falls from rain or river overflows to avoid flooding and its good infiltration rates, good soil pores and density.
When farmers tillage on the soil, this quality drops dramatically, because the soil fractures and erodes.
The force with which the rain falls is stopped by crop residues, which are reduced when the soil is tilled.
With the lack of these residues the particles found in the soil move and are placed on the pores of the soil, obstructing them which implies a negative action in the process of water infiltration.
Therefore, all the good qualities of the soil are negatively affected by tillage.
Since 2004, when storm waters introduced Pacific carp to Hoffman Lake, the lake’s population of smallmouth bass has decreased by nearly one third. In the same time period, the lake’s population of sand trout has decreased by approximately 40%. Still, Hoffman Lake is home to more sand trout than to any other type of fish.
Which of the following must be true on the basis of the statements above?
A) In 2004, there were more sand trout than any other type of fish in Lake Hoffman.
B)At some point there were more sand trout in Lake Hoffman than smallmouth bass.
Answer: B
Explanation: The lake's population of smallmouth bass was decreased by 33.33%
Which the lake's population of sand trout was decreased by 40% within the same time period, with the population of sand trout still more than that of the smallmouth bass regardless of the obvious percentage decrease, it is evident that at every given point during this time period, the population of sand trout was always more than that of the smallmouth bass.
In 2004, there were more sand trout than any other type of fish in Lake Hoffman, but it is not necessarily true that there were more sand trout than smallmouth bass at some point.
Explanation:Based on the given statements, we can determine that the population of smallmouth bass in Hoffman Lake has decreased by nearly one third since 2004 due to the introduction of Pacific carp. Additionally, the population of sand trout has decreased by approximately 40% in the same time period. Despite these decreases, it is stated that Hoffman Lake is still home to more sand trout than any other type of fish.
Therefore, it must be true that in 2004, there were more sand trout than any other type of fish in Lake Hoffman (Option A).
However, it is not necessarily true that at some point there were more sand trout in Lake Hoffman than smallmouth bass (Option B). The statements do not provide enough information to determine the relative populations of sand trout and smallmouth bass before or after 2004.
What is the river where gold was discovered in california in 1848
Answer:
The American River
Explanation:
In 1848 John Sutter was having a water-powered sawmill built along the American River in Coloma, California, approximately 50 miles east of present-day Sacramento. On January 24 his carpenter, James W. Marshall, found flakes of gold in a streambed.
Grand Canyon NP, AZ. The surface dividing the units in Problem 3 is called the "Great Unconformity" because it separates older layered Precambrian units from the younger sedimentary Cambrian unit with up to a 1-billion-year gap in the rock record due to erosion. What type of unconformity is it at this location?
The 'Great Unconformity' at the Grand Canyon National Park is an example of an Angular Unconformity. It is created by the deposit of horizontally parallel younger Cambrian sedimentary rocks on eroded and tilted older Precambrian rocks, representing a gap in the geologic time record.
Explanation:The Great Unconformity at the Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona, is an example of an Angular Unconformity. An Angular Unconformity occurs when horizontally parallel strata of sedimentary rock are deposited on tilted and eroded layers, which represents a significant gap in the geologic time record. Here, the older Precambrian rocks underwent uplift and erosion before the deposition of the younger Cambrian sedimentary rocks. This created an unconformity, known as the Great Unconformity, with about a billion years missing in the geological record.
Learn more about Great Unconformity here:https://brainly.com/question/2663972
#SPJ12
The _______________ river begins in the Andes Mountains and flows eastward across South America to the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer:
Amazon river
Explanation:
Amazon river -
It is the largest river present in the continent of South America ,
The river Amazon originates from the Andes mountains and flows eastwards all across the continent of south America and then at last enters the Atlantic Ocean .
The basin of the amazon river is the largest basin in the whole world .
hence , the correct answer according to the given information of the question is Amazon river .
Answer:
Amazon River
Explanation:
The Amazon river origintaes from the Andes Mountains of western South America. It flows east from there to the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the huge river and its many tributaries are in the country of Brazil
what kind of economic system does morocco have?
Answer:
diversified, free, open-market system
Explanation:
Every map projection has some degree of distortion because
Answer:
Because its properties such as shape, size, distance or direction gets distorted
Explanation:
Map projection refers to the process by which the three-dimensional earth is represented in a two-dimensional model, such as in a piece of paper. This is widely used in order to understand the entire earth's surface and the features present in it.
There are two major properties of map projection namely shape and size, that gets distorted while projecting. In addition to that, distance and direction are the minor properties that also gets distorted.
While projecting, the shape of the continents and oceans are not exactly equivalent, and the size also decreases or increases, due to which these distortions occurs. The distance and direction are usually not affected much, but sometimes they are distorted. So, in controlling one pf these properties, the other gets distorted.
Thus, every map projection has some amount of distortion.
All map projections inherently possess distortion because they involve converting a three-dimensional object (the Earth) onto a two-dimensional surface (a map). This process inevitably leads to distortions in distances, angles, shapes, or areas. Different map projections manage these distortions in varying ways, often emphasizing accuracy in some aspects while allowing others to be less precise.
Explanation:Every map projection has some degree of distortion because it involves representing a three-dimensional object (the Earth) on a two-dimensional surface (a piece of paper or a computer screen). This translation between dimensions inevitably causes some inaccuracies or deviations, known as distortion. For instance, a globe provides the most accurate representation of the Earth because it maintains both the relative size and the shape of geographical features. However, when we try to flatten this globe into a map, we need to distort certain elements.
Distortions can impact several factors, such as distances, angles, shapes, and areas. Different map projections handle these distortions in their own way, prioritizing accuracy in certain aspects while sacrificing others. For example, on a Mercator projection, areas far from the equator are greatly distorted in size, though the shape is retained correctly.
Therefore, the fundamental reason for distortion in map projections is the challenge in capturing the complexities of a spherical object on a flat plane.
Learn more about Map Projection Distortion here:https://brainly.com/question/33112914
#SPJ6
How does the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) try to protect soil for future agriculture?
a. The CRP provides grants to farmers willing to use contour farming.
b. The CRP is a policy that makes it illegal to plant the same crop on a piece of land three years in a row.
c. The CRP imposes financial penalties on farmers who do not employ shelterbelts in areas prone to wind erosion.
d. The CRP pays farmers not to grow crops on land that is not very well suited for crop production.
Answer: the CRP pays farmers not to grow crops on land that is not very well suited for crop production
The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) protects soil for future agriculture by paying farmers to remove environmentally sensitive land from production and plant species that protect soil and improve environmental quality.
Explanation:The Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a United States federal program designed to protect soil and improve water quality and wildlife habitats on agricultural land. The CRP achieves its goals by offering financial incentives to farmers and landowners to remove environmentally sensitive land from agricultural production and to plant species that will improve environmental health and quality. Specifically, this program encourages the planting of vegetation that help control soil erosion, improve water quality, and develop wildlife habitat.
The best answer to the question is option (d): The CRP pays farmers not to grow crops on land that is not very well suited for crop production. The program contracts with farmers to remove land from production for a period of 10 to 15 years, thereby conserving soil for future use and protecting the land from overuse and degradation.
The first major city in the western hemisphere was located in which country?
Answer: Mexico City in Mexico
Explanation: Mexico City is a city located in current day Mexico. The city has been inhabited from as early as 100AD.
The Toltecas were among the earliest inhabitants of Mexico City, among its early inhabitants were the popular Aztech tribe with their early forms of Technology.
Tropical rain forests, climate change and photosynthesis are intricately tied together. If the total amount of global tropical rain forests were reduced, which consequence would have the greatest effect on climate change?
Answer:
Depletion of the freshwater and the climatic contrasts.
Explanation:
If the total amount of the global rain forest would be reduced than the earth climate change and global warming would double itself and thereby increase the chances of the flooding and large scale destruction of the weather patterns will change their course and inset of the extreme conditions will definitely result in the creation of a severe weather phenomenon and more sever temper experience. As these rainforests create and regulate the weathering and rainfall patterns they are essential for the existence and the survival of the global man and they regulated and control various environmental process at work and hence are responsible for their ecological services and the protection and preservation of the flora and fauna and the food web.What are hierarchy and balance?
A. The rules for organizing societies of geographers
B. Guidelines for creating a beautiful and functional map
C. Recommendations for human - environmental interaction (HEI)
D. The motto of the American Geographical Society
"Guidelines for creating a beautiful" and "functional map
" are "hierarchy" and "balance".
Option: B
Explanation:
Hierarchy is one of the major objectives used while creating an understanding and meaningful map. It acts as a visual separation while creating map which separates the map into several layers of information or places. So due to hierarchy one can differentiate roads, hills, water, etc, Balance on the other hand is included to organize the map and the other elements that is required on the page.
Which statements accurately describe the rock cycle? Check all that apply.
a. Any type of rock can change into any other type of rock by weathering and erosion.
b. Rocks change from one type to another in a definite order. Rocks change slowly over time.
c. The rock cycle shows how the three rock types relate to one another.
d. Rocks last forever.
Any type of rock can change into any other type of rock by weathering and erosion and rocks change from one type to another in a definite order. Rocks change slowly over time statements accurately describe the rock cycle.
What is rock cycle?
A fundamental idea in geology, the rock cycle illustrates how the three primary types of rocks sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous change over the course of geologic time.A rock alters when it is forced out of its equilibrium conditions. For instance, an igneous rock like basalt may melt when it is subducted beneath a continent or crumble and evaporate when exposed to air. The driving forces of the rock cycle, plate tectonics, and the water cycle cause rocks to change as they interact with new surroundings rather than remaining in an equilibrium condition.
Know more about rock cycle - brainly.com/question/20346465
#SPJ1
Answer:
1,3,4
Explanation:
edge 2023
How does erosion affect streams?
Answer:
Erosion affects waterways in different manners. If it is high, particles produced by erosion go to river banks or river beds. Many places will be under water if there´s a flood. Erosion also may affect river navigation because it can cause deposits of solid particles that alter a canal´s depth or shape.
Explanation:
Which of the following is NOT associated with sedimentary rocks? Group of answer choices cementation fragmented parts of preexisting rocks extrusion of magma stratification skeletal remains of coral
Answer:
The correct answer is extrusion of magma.
Explanation:
Extrusion of magma is not a type of sedimentary rocks, but a type of igneous rock.
Sedimentary rocks are mainly composed of sediments deposited from air or water, while igneous rocks make it from molten magma.
The process of formation of extrusive rocks is carried out when the hot magma coming from inside a volcano, it comes to the surface through cracks, and when it reaches the surface of the earth it cools quickly, hardening and forming this type of rocks .
It can also happen that on its way out, magma melts other rocks, and when all this cools it forms this new type of rocks.
On the other hand, sedimentary rocks are formed by small particles of minerals or other rocks that go through processes in which a rock is broken, transported by ice, water or wind and after several processes it becomes a new rock.
This process might have occurred more during Noah’s Flood than it occurs today. A) root wedging frost B) wedging cavitation C) ground water D) sapping exfoliation
Answer:
c)ground water
Explanation: it took a while for the water to go down as time went by the water was filtered thrugh the mierals beneath the earths crust to create ground water.
Final answer:
The process likely to have been more prevalent during Noah's Flood than today is catastrophic flooding, which can dramatically reshape landscapes, as seen in geological features on Earth and Mars.
Explanation:
The process that might have occurred more during Noah's Flood than it occurs today is referred to as catastrophic flooding. This type of flooding can reshape landscapes in a dramatic way through the sudden release of massive quantities of water. On Earth, floods can result from heavy rainfalls or extreme water levels in rivers, affecting plant survival and leading to adaptations. Catastrophic floods are different from other gradual erosional processes, such as soil creep, solifluction, or ice, which operate on much longer timescales and under different conditions.
Select the best ending to the following statement: The tides are considered an example of shallow-water waves because the tidal bulges have a wavelength that is on the order of __________.
Answer:
thousands of kilometers.
During El Niño, when there is nothing to restrain the pile-up of warm water in the western Pacific, a water wave sloshes eastward across the Pacific Ocean. What is the name of this wave?
Answer:
Kelvin wave
Explanation:
The Kelvin waves are usually defined as one type of planetary waves that are characterized by the presence of large peaks as well as valleys that can eventually lead to the change in the depth of ocean water. These are non-break waves.
This type of wave occurs during the time of occurrence of El Nino, which flows only towards the eastern side covering the equatorial region. These are large waves extending up to thousands of miles.
This wave occurring in the equatorial region normally has two phases, namely the up-welling phase, and the down-welling phase, and this eventually leads to various changes in the surface temperature of the sea as well as in the subsurface region within the eastern part of tropical Pacific ocean.
BLANK involves aspects of food such as principles of food processing and strategies to improve food and nutritional value for public, while BLANK is its application for the selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution of safe foods.
Answer:
Food production system involves aspects of food such as principles of food processing and strategies to improve food and nutritional value for public, while food system is its application for the selection, preservation, processing, packaging, and distribution of safe foods.
Explanation:
Food production system involves feeding population growth, packing, consumption, marketing, disposal, harvesting and food related items. It is also based on input need and output generated. All around the world countries are achieving sustainable development goals. Many countries plays key role in food system. They also achieve social economic goals by food system.Answer:
Food Science
Food Technology
Explanation:
PLATO
Food, language, religion, and art are all examples of how modern Mexico is a blend of ________________ and ____________________ influences.
Answer:
Spanish, Indigenous
Explanation:
Modern Mexico is a completely mixed or mestizo society with a culture that reflects both the European and Amerindian heritage of the nation. The toponyms around the country are named not only after sites in Spain, but after Aztec gods and Mayan deities.
The food is an eclectic blend of Mediterranean cuisine and a rich Amerindian palette that has given names like chocolate, mole, and avocado to the world.
Scientists search for fossil fuels in many ways. Sending a sound wave into the ground (by exploding dynamite, thumping the ground with a large weight, or using an electric vibrating machine) and measuring its return to the surface at receiving stations is called ________ surveying.
A. dynamite
B. destructive
C. seismic
D. sonar
E. geologic
Answer: Seismic surveying
A small developing country with negligible rates of immigration and emigration is going through a demographic change. Thirty years ago the crude birth rate was 44 per 1000 per year and the crude death rate was 17 per thousand per year. Now the crude birth rate is 16 per 1000 per year and the crude death rate is 5 per 1000 per year. Which of the following statements about the country now is most likely to be true?a. The country is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition.b. The population is decreasing.c. The population growth rate in increasing.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The country is at industrial stage of demographic transition with increasing population but with declining birth and death rates due to the economic and social development in the country. Standard of living is maintained that the death rates declined.
Final answer:
The country is most likely in the industrial stage of the demographic transition with a decreasing population growth rate but still experiencing overall growth, as the birth rate remains higher than the death rate.
Explanation:
Considering the changes in the crude birth rate and crude death rate over the past 30 years in the developing country mentioned, it is most likely that the country now is at the industrial stage of the demographic transition. This stage is characterized by significantly lower birth and death rates due to improved healthcare, better access to family planning, and increased urbanization.
Also, despite a decrease in both birth and death rates, the population is still likely growing because the crude birth rate of 16 per 1000 per year exceeds the crude death rate of 5 per 1000 per year. This means that there is a natural increase since more people are being born than are dying each year. Therefore, we can infer that the population growth rate is still positive, although it has slowed down compared to 30 years ago.
Recall that the example of the United States involves a birth rate of about 12 per 1,000 per year and a death rate of around 8.1 per 1,000 per year, resulting in a net growth rate of approximately 0.4%. In contrast, this developing country has lower birth and death rates, but the population growth rate still translates to a net increase, suggesting stage three of the demographic transition.
"One of the most important observations in the history of astronomy was the one by Edwin Hubble that established that there are other galaxies, quite removed from the Milky Way. How did Hubble show this
Edwin Hubble used telescopic observations to determine that the Andromeda Nebula was a distant galaxy, leading to the discovery that the universe contains other galaxies. He also observed the relationship between galaxies' velocities and their distances, concluding that the universe is expanding, which was pivotal in establishing the Big Bang Theory.
Edwin Hubble's groundbreaking observations in the field of astronomy revolutionized our understanding of the universe. In the 1920s, using the powerful telescopes available at the time, Hubble determined that the Andromeda Nebula was actually a galaxy over 2 million light-years away, tremendously further than any distance previously measured. This led to the realization that many nebulous objects in the sky were not gas clouds within the Milky Way but were distant galaxies composed of billions of stars.
Furthermore, Hubble's continued research led him to observe other galaxies, measure their distances, and note various properties about them. His most profound discovery, however, was the relationship between the galaxies' distances and their velocities. He observed that galaxies farther apart from each other were moving away faster, leading him to conclude that the universe was expanding. This observation, along with his other findings, played a pivotal role in shifting the scientific consensus towards the idea of an expanding universe, paving the way for our current understanding of cosmology and the Big Bang Theory.
MATCH WHICH COLONY FOUNDED EACH COLONY ONLY FOUR MATCH CORRECT! BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER!
Answer:
Great Britain founded British Guiana
France founded French Guiana
The Netherlands founded Dutch Guiana
Spain founded Colombia and Ecuador
Answer:
Great Britain founded British Guiana
France founded French Guiana
The Netherlands founded Dutch Guiana
Spain founded Colombia and Ecuador
Explanation:
Earth’s internal & external heat engines Heat transfer Conduction Convection Radiation Density Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Lithosphere Asthenosphere Lithospheric Plates Convergent Plate Boundary Subduction Zone Divergent Plate Boundary Transform Fault Plate Boundary Magma Earthquake Focus Epicenter Magnitude Volcano Lava Continental Crust Oceanic Crust Continental Drift Plate Tectonics Mid Ocean Ridge Rift_____________continued on the page below a. Trench Seismic Wave b. P wave c. S wave d. Surface vs Body Waves e. Velocity Refraction Island Arc
Answer:
a. Trench Seismic Wave
Explanation:
The earth's internal and external heat engines combine to transfer the heat through the convection, conduction the process of radiation t the crust, mantel, and the outer core and inner core of the earth is through the process of the seismic waves and these travel through the asthenosphere and the lithospheric plates. The convergent plate boundary and the subduction zone of the earth drives the plates and the transform boundary, form where the magma rise and the earthquakes take place and the formation of the volcanoes, and the oceanic crust and the drift in the plate tectonics of the mid-ocean ridge is through the trenches.please answer asap!!!
what is the pressure at 4000 km below the earth's surface
Answer:
2000
Explanation:
because below the earth receives 50% of the weight on the earth surface
Example;
when a building collapses the surface of the earth receive 100% of the weight, and under the ground, it receive 50%. of the weight
Listed following are several astronomical objects. Rank these objects based on their diameter, from largest to smallest. (Note that the neutron star and black hole in this example have the same mass to make your comparison easier, but we generally expect black holes to have greater masses than neutron stars.)
A typical (one-solar-mass) white dwarf star is approximately the same size (diameter) as _____.
a. the sun
b. earth
c. saturn
d. pluto
e. a small asteroid
Answer:
The EarthExplanation:
A white dwarf star typically has a diameter similar to the of the Earth, which is an order of magnitude smaller than the diameter of the Sun.
The listed objects from largest to smallest would be:
The Sun Saturn Earth Plutoa small asteroidThe Sun is a main sequence star. Saturn is a gas giant with an extensive system of rings and moons. Earth is a rocky planet. Pluto is a dwarf planet. A small asteroid is a remnant of the materials leftover from solar system formation that did not coalesce to form planets.
The current account is the record of receipts from _____ other countries
Answer:
The current account is the record of receipts from a nation's transactions of trade of goods and services with other countries.
Explanation:
The current account is responsible for documenting the economic transactions between one nation and another.
This includes trade in goods, profits, investments and payments of a nation for a certain period of time.
A surplus is the term used for an account whose result is positive, and a deficit is the opposite, a negative result that the nation obtains from import and export transactions.
These balances, whether negative or positive, will have an opposite balance, which will be the balance of the capital account, where there will be a record of the investments and changes in the central bank's reserves.
If a country makes an export, then it will receive a credit balance. If they make an import, it will be a debit balance.
What is the most common type of vegetation in southwest and central asia
Answer:
Desert Scrub.
Explanation:
Desert Scrub normally refers to a desert biome. However, it can also be used to describe several types of plants that grow on these habitats, such as the creosote bush or the rabbitbrush, and others.
These types of plants are capable of withstanding environments with very little precipitation like the southwest and central regions of Asia, which is mostly covered by great extensions of desert biome.
Assume that you have just examined several flat-lying sedimentary layers. After much study you determine that there is a considerable span of time for which no sedimentary rock layer exists at this site. You have just discovered a(n) __________.
a. angular unconformity
b. series of conformable strata
c. disconformity
d. example of cross-cutting relationships
Answer: c. disconformity
Explanation:
Disconformity is a type of unconformity between parallel layers of sedimentary rock indicating interruption of sedimentation. It maybe caused by erosion or a period of no deposition. Therefore, on the site above the considerable span of time for which no sedimentary rock layer exists is an example of disconformity.
Why is there no boundary at about 1000 meters in the benthic environment but a significant one at about the same depth in the pelagic environment? Think of what the main control on the benthic organisms might be that the pelagic organisms would not have to contend with, and vice versa.
Why do the dissolved nutrients drop in the spring?
Why does the spring phytoplankton bloom start in the spring and die out in the early summer?
Due to the composition of the benthic zone varies greatly depending on the various types of sediments present, there is no boundary at approximately 1000 meters in the benthic environment but a significant one at approximately the same depth in the pelagic environment.
The dissolved nutrients drop in the spring because the amount of light decreases significantly in the spring, the dissolved nutrients decrease.
The spring phytoplankton bloom start in the spring and die out in the early summer as the spring bloom usually marks a very strong increase in the abundance of the phytoplankton
What is the benthic environment about?The benthic environment encompasses the entire area present at the ocean's bottom, regardless of water depth. It also includes all of the sediments along the shore, the ocean basin, and the continental shelf, as well as all of the different types of organisms that live on the ocean floor.
The spring bloom typically marks a significant increase in phytoplankton abundance and occurs during the early spring months and lasts until late spring or early summer. The phytoplankton bloom occurs when the rate of phytoplankton growth exceeds the rate of phytoplankton loss.
Learn more about organisms on:
https://brainly.com/question/17259533
#SPJ1
The benthic realm lacks a boundary at about 1000 meters due to a continuous supply of nutrients from decomposing organisms, unlike the nutrient-scarce pelagic zone. In spring, nutrient levels drop as phytoplankton blooms consume them, and the blooms dwindle in early summer when the nutrients are exhausted.
Explanation:Benthic vs. Pelagic Environments and Seasonal Phytoplankton Blooms. The pelagic environment and the benthic realm are distinct marine ecosystems. The pelagic zone is the open ocean region where there is thermal stratification with different water layers not mixing, resulting in nutrient scarcity. On the other hand, the benthic realm lies beneath and is a nutrient-rich area due to the accumulation of dead organisms falling from the upper layers. The absence of a boundary at about 1000 meters in the benthic zone can be attributed to this continuous influx of nutrients, supporting a diverse range of life, whereas in the pelagic zone, the lack of light and nutrients creates more distinct boundaries.
Dissolved nutrients drop in the spring due to the uptake by rapidly growing phytoplankton populations. The spring phytoplankton bloom starts due to increased sunlight and temperatures, then dies out in early summer as nutrients become depleted and grazing by zooplankton increases.