What is the percentage error if the experimental
value is equal to the accepted value?

Answer:

0.077 M

Explanation:

Molarity is the representation of the solution.

Molarity:

It is amount of solute in moles per liter of solution and represented by M

Formula used for Molarity

                    M = moles of solute / Liter of solution . . . . . . . . . . (1)

Data Given :

The concentration of half normal (NaCl) saline = 0.45g / 100 g

So,

Volume of Solution =  100 g = 100 mL

Volume of Solution in L =  100 mL / 1000

Volume of Solution =  0.1 L

molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g/mol

Now to find number of moles of Nacl

               no. of moles of NaCl = mass of NaCl / molar mass

               no. of moles of NaCl =  0.45g / 58.44 g/mol

               no. of moles of NaCl =  0.0077 g

Put values in the eq (1)

                  M = moles of solute / Liter of solution . . . . . . . . . . (1)

                  M = 0.0077 g / 0.1 L

                  M = 0.077 M

So the molarity of half-normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl) = 0.077 M

Answer:

6.074 X 10¹⁸ molecules.

Explanation:

Molecular mass(MM) of this compound C₂₇H₄₆O

= 27*(MM of C) + 46*(MM of H) + (MM of O)

= 27*(12.0107) + 46* (1.00784) + (15.999)

= 324.2889 + 46.36064 + 15.999

=386.64854 g

The mass of a mole of any compound is called it's molar mass. 1 molar mass has 6.022 X 10²³, or Avogadro's number, C₂₇H₄₆O molecules.

If 386.64854 g of C₂₇H₄₆O has 6.022 X 10²³ molecules of  cholesterol, then

3.9mg or 0.0039g of C₂₇H₄₆O will have how many molecules?..

Using unitary method:

Number of molecules = [tex]\frac{0.0039 * 6.022 *10^{23} }{386.64854}[/tex]

= 6.074 X 10¹⁸ molecules.

Answer:

1.heat evaporates water from oceans

2.rain falls, being trapped behind dams

3.potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines

4.turbines generate electrical energy

The sequence number with the energy transformations from the water behind a hydroelectric dam to the lighting of a light bulb is as follows:

1.Energy transferred to home to power light bulb

2.Rain falls, being trapped behind dams

3.Potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines

4.Turbines generate electrical energy

The term energy transformation is define as the conversion of one form of energy into another form, or the movement of energy from one place to another place.

The energy is a quantity that provides the tendency to perform work or moving, or provides heat.

Thus, Energy transferred to home to power light bulb, rain falls, being trapped behind dams,potential energy of water behind dam converted into kinetic energy by turning turbines, turbines generate electrical energy.

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Answer:

1. Percent composition of  Al = 13.423 %

2.

3. The empirical formula is C₅O₁₆

4. Molecular Formula= P₄O₆

Explanation:

Part first :

Data Given

Formula of the Molecule = Al₂ (CrO₄)₃

% of Al₂ = ?

> First of all find the atomic masses of each component in a molecule

For Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ atomic masses are given below

Al = 27 g/mol

Cr = 52 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

> Then find the total masses of each component

2 atoms of Al = 27 g/mol x 2

= 54 g/mol

3 atoms of Cr = 52 g/mol x 3

= 156 g/mol

12 atoms of O = 16 g/mol x 12

= 192 g/mol

> find total Molar Mass of Molecule:

Molar Mass of Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ = [27x2 + 52x3 + 16x12]

Molar Mass of Al₂ (CrO₄)₃ = 402

Now to find the mass percent of Al

Formula used to find the Mass percent of a component

Percent composition of  Al = mass of Al in Molecula / molar mass of Al₂(CrO₄)₃ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of  Al =  54 (g/mol) / 402 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of  Al = 13.423 %

_______________________________________

Part 2

Data Given

Formula of the Molecule = Zn(ClO₃)₂

% Zn = ?

% Cl = ?

% O = ?

> First of all find the atomic masses of each component in a molecule

For Zn(ClO₃)₂ atomic masses are given below

Zn = 65 g/mol

Cl = 35.5 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

> Then find the total masses of each component

1 atoms of Zn= 65 g/mol x 1

= 65 g/mol

2 atoms of Cl = 35.5 g/mol x  

= 71 g/mol

6 atoms of O = 16 g/mol x 6

= 96 g/mol

> find total Molar Mass of Molecule:

Molar Mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ = [65x1 + 35.5x2 + 16x6]

Molar Mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ = 232g/mol

Now to find the mass percent of of each component one by one

1.  Formula used to find the mass percent of Zn

Percent composition of  Zn= mass of Zn in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of Zn = 65(g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of Zn = 28.02 %

-------------------

2.  Formula used to find the mass percent of Cl

Percent composition of  Cl = mass of Cl in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of Cl = 71 (g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of Cl = 30.6 %

---------------------

3.  Formula used to find the mass percent of O

Percent composition of  O = mass of O in Molecular / molar mass of Zn(ClO₃)₂ x 100%

Put the values

Percent composition of O = 96 (g/mol) / 232 (g/mol) x 100%

Percent composition of O = 41.3 %

________________________________________

Part 3:

Data Given

Percentage of C = 27.3 %

Percentage of O = 72.7 %

Emperical Formula of the compound = ?

Solution:

So the compound has 27.3 % C and 72% O

First, find the mass of each of the elements in 100 g of the Compound.

C = 27.3 g

O = 72 g

Now find how many moles are there for each element in 100 g of compound

For this molar mass are required

That is

C = 12 g/mol

O = 16 g/mol

Formula Used

mole of C = mass of C / Molar mass of C

 mole of C = 27.3 / 12 g/mol

  mole of C = 2.275

Formula Used

mole of O = mass of O / Molar mass of O

 mole of O = 72g / 16 g/mol

  mole of O = 7.2

Divide each one by the smallest number of moles

C = 2.275 / 2.275

C = 1

O = 7.2 / 2.275

O = 3.2

Multiply the mole fraction to a number to get the whole number.

C = 1 x 5 = 5

O = 3.2 x 5 =  16

So, the empirical formula is C₅O₁₆

______________________________________

Part 4

Data Given

Percentage of P= 56.38 %

Percentage of O = 43.62%

Molar Mass = 219.9g

Molecular Formula of the compound = ?

Solution:

First, find the mass of each of the elements in 100 g of the Compound.

Mass of P= 56.38g

Mass of O = 43.62g

Now find how many moles are there for each element in 100 g of compound

find the moles in total compounds

Formula Used

mole of P = mass of  / Molar mass of P

 mole of P = 56.38 g / 31 g/mol

  mole of P = 1.818

Formula Used

mole of O = mass of O / Molar mass of O

 mole of O = 43. 62 / 16 g/mol

  mole of O = 2.7262

Now

first find the Emperical formula

Divide each one by the smallest number of moles

P = 1.818 /1.818

P= 1

for oxygen

O = 2.7262 / 1.818

O = 1.5

Multiply the mole fraction to a number to get the whole number.

P = 1 x 2 = 2

O = 1.5 x 2 =  3

So, the empirical formula is P₂O₃

Now  

Find molar mass of the empirical formula P₂O₃

2 (31) + 3 (16) = 62 + 48 = 110

Now find that how many empirical units are in a molecular unit.

(219.9 g/mol) / ( 110 g/mol) =  empirical units per molecular unit

empirical units per molecular unit = 1.999 =2

A here we get two empirical units in a molecular unit,

So the molecular formula is:

2 (P₂O₃) = P₄O₆

#1. 50 g

#2. 25 g

#3. 4 half lives

We are given;

We need to answer the questions:

#a. Mass remaining after 10 years

Using the formula;

Remaining mass = Original mass × 0.5^n , where n is the number of lives.

In this case, since the half life is 10 years then n is 1

Therefore;

Remaining mass = 100 g × 0.5^1

                            = 50 g

Therefore, 50 g of the isotope will remain after 10 years

#b. Mass of the isotope that will remain after 20 years

Remember the formula;

Remaining mass = Original mass × 0.5^n

n = Time ÷ half life

n = 20 years ÷ 10 years

   = 2

Therefore;

Remaining mass = 100 g × 0.5^2

                           = 25 g

Thus, 25 g of the isotope will be left after 20 years

#3. Number of half lives in 40 years

1 half life = 10 years

But; n = time ÷ half life

          = 40 years ÷ 10 years

          = 4

Thus, the number of half lives in 40 years is 4.

Answer:

1) Iron iodide and silver carbonate.

2) 6AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → 2FeI₃ + 3Ag₂CO₃

3)  double displacement reaction

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → FeI₃ + Ag₂CO₃

Balanced chemical equation:

6AgI + Fe(CO₃)₃ → 2FeI₃ + 3Ag₂CO₃

The given reaction is double displacement reaction. The cation and anion of both reactants are interchanged and form iron iodide and silver carbonate.

Double replacement:

It is the reaction in which two compound exchange their ions and form new compounds.

AB + CD → AC +BD

The pressure increases by 10% of the original pressure

Thus the new pressure is 1.1 times the original pressure.

We are given;

We are required to state what happens to the pressure;

[tex]\frac{P1}{T1}=\frac{P2}{T2}[/tex]

Assuming the initial pressure, P1 is P

Rearranging the formula;

[tex]P2=\frac{P1T2}{T1}[/tex]

[tex]P2=\frac{(P)(333.15K)}{303.15K}[/tex]

     [tex]P2 = 1.099P[/tex]

                 = 1.10 P

The new pressure becomes 1.10P

This means the pressure has increased by 10%

We can conclude that, the new pressure will be 1.1 times the original pressure.

Answer:

8.2x10^22 molecules ( 1 mol / 6.022 x 10^23 molecules ) ( 789.44 g / 1 mol ) = 107.50 grams N2I6

Explanation:

Answer:

81.732KJ

Explanation:

Reaction : CaCO₃(s) → CaO(s) + CO₂(g), +556KJ

⇒To decompose 1 mole of CaCO₃, 556KJ of energy is required

The molecular weight of CaCO₃ is 40 + 12 + 3×16

⇒ molecular weight of CaCO₃ = 100 g

∴ 100 g of CaCO₃ requires 556KJ of energy

Need to find out how much energy is required by 14.7 g of CaCO₃

⇒ [tex]\frac{100}{14.7}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{556}{E}[/tex]

⇒ E = [tex]\frac{556}{100}[/tex]×14.7 KJ = 81.732 KJ

∴ Energy required to decompose 14.7 g of CaCO₃ is 81.732 KJ

Answer:

81.732 kilo Joules of energy is required to decompose 14.7 grams of calcium carbonate.

Explanation:

Moles of calcium carbonate = [tex]\frac{14.7 g}{100 g/mol}=0.147 mol[/tex]

[tex]CaCO_3(s) + 556 kJ\rightarrow CaO(s) + CO_2(g)[/tex]

According to reaction, 1 mole of calcium carbonate requires 556 kilo Joules of energy to decompose:

Then 0.147 moles of calcium carbonate will need:

[tex]0.147 \times 556 kJ=81.732 kJ[/tex]

81.732 kilo Joules of energy is required to decompose 14.7 grams of calcium carbonate.

Answer:

Diphosphorus pentoxide

Carbon dichloride

BCl3

N2H4

Explanation:

These are all covalent compounds. To name covalent compounds, you add prefixes to the beginning of their names depending on what the subscript is of each element. The prefixes are:

1: Mono

2: Di

3: Tri

4: Tetra

5: Penta

6: Hexa

7: Hepta

8: Octa

9: Nona

10: Deca

For example, since the first one is Phopsphorus with a 2 next to it, you add the prefix Di to it.

If the first element in the compound only has one, meaning no number next to it, you do not say mono. This is why we just say "Carbon" for the second one instead of "Monocarbon."

Finally, you always have to end the second element in the compound with "ide." So, "chlorine" becomes "chloride," "oxygen" becomes "oxide," and so on.

Answer:

NO₃⁻(aq) and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions.

Explanation:

Chemical equation:

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq)  → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)

Balanced Chemical equation:

AgNO₃(aq) + NaCl(aq)  → AgCl(s) + NaNO₃(aq)

Ionic equation:

Ag⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq) + Na⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)  → AgCl(s) + Na⁺(aq) + NO₃⁻(aq)

Net ionic equation:

Ag⁺(aq) + Cl⁻(aq)  → AgCl(s)

The NO₃⁻(aq) and Na⁺ (aq) are spectator ions that's why these are not written in net ionic equation. The AgCl can not be splitted into ions because it is present in solid form.

Spectator ions:

These ions are same in both side of chemical reaction. These ions are cancel out. Their presence can not effect the equilibrium of reaction that's why these ions are omitted in net ionic equation.  

Final answer:

The calculated density of the water sample should be reported with two significant figures, which is the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures used in the calculation (the volume in this case).

Explanation:

When determining the number of significant figures in a calculated density, you must look at the measurements used in the calculation. In this case, the mass of the water sample is given as 1.060 g which has four significant figures, and the volume is 1.0 mL which has two significant figures. According to the rules for significant figures, the number of significant figures in the result of a division should be the same as the measurement with the least number of significant figures. Therefore, the density calculated should be reported with two significant figures.

Answer:

C. A metal ion takes the place of the hydrogen of an acid

Explanation:

When an acid react with base neutralization reaction take place.

During neutralization reaction water and salt are formed.

For example;

Base sodium hydroxide react with hydrochloric acid and form sodium chloride and water.

The sodium hydroxide consist of sodium metal ion in the form of Na⁺ and OH⁻. when it react with acid hydrogen atom of acid replace by sodium metal and react with anion of acid and form salt called sodium chloride.

Chemical equation:

NaOH + HCl  →  NaCl + H₂O

A salt is formed during a neutralization reaction when a hydrogen ion from an acid reacts with a hydroxide ion from a base to produce water and a salt.

During a neutralization reaction, a salt is formed when an acid and a base react chemically with each other. The correct answer to how a salt is formed is A: A hydrogen ion reacts with a hydroxide ion. This reaction typically produces water as well, following the general reaction: acid + base → water + salt. For example, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) reacts with hydrochloric acid (HCl), they produce sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O).

Answer:

It’s to gain territory

Because they wanted more territory than what they already had.

Answer:

Answer:  To get revenge for recent French losses in North America.

Explanation:

The Seven Years War was fought in Europe from 1756-63.  That conflict as it extended to colonial territories in the New World was known as the French and Indian War.  Losing that conflict in North America to the British didn’t sit well with France. And so when the colonial Americans broke out in revolution against the British monarchy, France devoted enormous financial aid (as well as officer support) to the Americans. The cost to France for supporting America’s revolution added up to 1 billion livers  (about 4 billion in today’s dollars). This is part of what put France’s debt problem over the edge and led to the French Revolution.

Answer:

Use the formula q = m·ΔHv in which q = heat energy, m = mass, and ΔHv = heat of vaporization.

Explanation:

:)

Final answer:

The formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization is heat = m × AHvap, and for fusion is heat = n × ΔΗfus. The heat energy for a liquid can be calculated using the equation q = mcAT.

Explanation:

The formula used to find the heat energy for vaporization is heat = m × AHvap, where m is the mass in grams and AHvap is expressed in energy/gram. The formula for the heat energy for fusion is heat = n × ΔΗfus, where n is the number of moles of material and ΔΗfus is the heat of fusion per mole. The heat energy for a liquid can be calculated using the equation q = mcAT, where q is the amount of heat transferred, m is the mass of the liquid, c is the specific heat capacity of the liquid, and AT is the change in temperature.

Answer:

Explanation:

1) How much would 1.34 moles of carbon weigh?

Given data:

Moles of carbon = 1.34 mol

Mass of carbon = ?

Solution:

Formula:

Molar mass of carbon = 12 g/mol

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Mass =  moles × molar mass

Mass = 1.34 mol × 12 g/mol

Mass =  16.08 g

So 1.34 moles of carbon have 16.08 g mass.

2) How many  moles of magnesium in 24.32 g?

Given data:

Mass of magnesium = 24.32 g

Moles of magnesium = ?

Solution:

Molar mass of magnesium = 24.305 g/mol

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 24.32 g/24.305 g/mol

Number of moles = 1 mol

Thus 24.32 g of magnesium have one mole of Mg.

3) How many atoms of lithium in 4.00 g of lithium?

Given data:

Mass of lithium = 4 g

Atoms of lithium = ?

Solution:

The given problem will solve by using Avogadro number.

It is the number of atoms , ions and molecules in one gram atom of element, one gram molecules of compound and one gram ions of a substance.

The number 6.022 × 10²³ is called Avogadro number.

Moles of lithium:

Number of moles = mass/molar mass

Number of moles = 4 g / 6.9 g/mol

Number of moles = 0.6 mol

1 mole =  6.022 × 10²³  atoms

0.6 mol ×  6.022 × 10²³  atoms / 1 mol = 3.6 × 10²³  atoms

4) How much would 4.45 ×10²² atoms of U weigh?

Given data:

Number of atoms of uranium =  4.45 ×10²² atoms

Mass of uranium = ?

Solution:

one mole = 6.022 × 10²³  atoms

4.45 ×10²² atoms × 1 mol / 6.022 × 10²³  atoms

0.74 ×10⁻¹ mol

0.074 mol

Mass of uranium:

Mass = number of moles  × molar mass

Mass = 0.074 mol × 238 g/mol

Mass = 17.6 g

Answer:

3.07 seconds is the half-life of the isotope.

Explanation:

Initial mass of an isotope = x

Time taken by the sample, t = 8.40 s

Mass of an isotope decayed= 85.0%

Final mass of an isotope left=(100%-85%)of x= 15.0% of x = 0.15x

Half life of an isotope =[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}} = ?[/tex]

Formula used :

[tex]N=N_o\times e^{-\lambda t}\\\\\lambda =\frac{0.693}{t_{\frac{1}{2}}}[/tex]

where,

[tex]N_o[/tex] = initial mass of isotope

N = mass of the parent isotope left after the time, (t)

[tex]t_{\frac{1}{2}}[/tex] = half life of the isotope

[tex]\lambda[/tex] = rate constant

[tex]0.15x=x\times e^{-(\frac{0.693}{t_{1/2}})\times 8.40 s}\\\\N=N_o\times e^{-0.693}[/tex]

Now put all the given values in this formula, we get

[tex]t_{1/2]=3.07 s[/tex]

3.07 seconds is the half-life of the isotope.

You may find bellow the assignment of the oxidation number for each atom.

Explanation:

Li₃PO₄

Li have the oxidation number +1

P have the oxidation number +5

O have the oxidation number -2

SO₃²⁻

S have the oxidation number +4

O have the oxidation number -2

Cr₂S₃

Cr have the oxidation number +3

S have the oxidation number -2

NO₃⁻

N have the oxidation number +5

O have the oxidation number -2

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C

Immunization shots are given to ensure immunity against future attacks on the body against the disease in which the vaccine is made.

Explanation:

The vaccine prepares the body by giving immune cells memory against the disease agent. The vaccine achieves this by introducing an attenuated form of the agent of the disease into the body. This means the introduced disease agents cannot cause disease but are enough to evoke an immune response from the body. The immune system, after eradicating the attenuated disease agent from the body, acquires memory such that it fights a real-world disease agent in case of infection.  

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Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{E) 721 K; B) 86.7 g}}[/tex]

Explanation:

Question 7.

We can use the Combined Gas Laws to solve this question.

a) Data

p₁ = 1.88 atm; p₂ = 2.50 atm

V₁ = 285 mL;  V₂ = 435 mL

T₁ = 355 K;     T₂ = ?

b) Calculation

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}\dfrac{p_{1}V_{1}}{T_{1}}& =&\dfrac{p_{2}V_{2}}{T_{2}}\\\\\dfrac{1.88\times285}{355} &= &\dfrac{2.50\times 435}{T_{2}}\\\\1.509& = &\dfrac{1088}{T_{2}}\\\\1.509T_{2} & = & 1088\\T_{2} & = & \dfrac{1088}{1.509}\\\\ & = & \textbf{721K}\\\end{array}\\\text{The gas must be heated to $\large \boxed{\textbf{721 K}}$}[/tex]

Question 8. I

We can use the Ideal Gas Law to solve this question.

pV = nRT

n = m/M

pV = (m/M)RT = mRT/M

a) Data:

p = 4.58 atm

V = 13.0 L

R = 0.082 06 L·atm·K⁻¹mol⁻¹

T = 385 K

M = 46.01 g/mol

(b) Calculation

[tex]\begin{array}{rcl}pV & = & \dfrac{mRT}{M}\\\\4.58 \times 13.0 & = & \dfrac{m\times 0.08206\times 385}{46.01}\\\\59.54 & = & 0.6867m\\m & = & \dfrac{59.54}{0.6867 }\\\\ & = & \textbf{86.7 g}\\\end{array}\\\text{The mass of NO$_{2}$ is $\large \boxed{\textbf{86.7 g}}$}[/tex]

Answer:

c = 0.13 j/ g.°C

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of mercury = 29.5 g

Initial temperature = 32°C

Final temperature = 161°C

Heat absorbed = 499.2 j

Solution:

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

Q = m.c. ΔT

ΔT  = T2 - T1

ΔT  = 161°C - 32°C

ΔT  = 129 °C

Q = m.c. ΔT

c = Q / m. ΔT

c = 499.2 j / 29.5 g. 129 °C

c =  499.2 j / 3805.5 g. °C

c = 0.13 j/ g.°C

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Answer:

2.1 M KOH is required.

Explanation:

It is an example of acid-base neutralization reaction.

KOH  +  HBr  ---->  KBr  +  [tex]H_{2}O[/tex]

Base     Acid           Salt        

When two component react then the number of moles of both the component should be same, therefore the number of moles and acids and bases should be the same in the following .

Molarity= [tex]\frac{\textrm{No. of moles}}{\textrm{Volume of the particular solution}}[/tex]

No.of moles= Molarity × Volume of the Particular Solution

Therefore,

[tex]M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}[/tex]------------------------------(1)

where

[tex]M_{1}[/tex]= Molarity of Acid

[tex]V_{1}[/tex]= Volume of Acid

[tex]M_{2}[/tex]= Molarity of Base

[tex]V_{2}[/tex]= Volume of Base

[tex]M_{1}[/tex]=3.5 M

[tex]V_{1}[/tex]=15 mL

[tex]V_{2}[/tex]=25 mL

[tex]M_{2}[/tex]=??(in M)

Plugging in Equation 1,

3.5 × 15 = [tex]M_{2} [/tex] × 25

[tex]M_{2} [/tex]=[tex]\frac{3.5 * 15}{25}[/tex]

[tex]M_{2} [/tex]=2.1 M

100mph = 100m/h

= 100m/h * 1 h/3600sec

= 0.028m/sec

= 0.028m/sec /5sec

= 0.055m/sec^2

Answer:

c.) location of earthquakes epicenter

Explanation:

<3

Examples of indirect evidence used to study Earth's interior are analysis of several seismographs and identification of seismic wave direction, which allow scientists to gain insights into the Earth's structure through the behavior of seismic waves.

Indirect evidence used to study Earth's interior includes seismic-related observations as they offer insights without direct sampling. The correct examples of indirect evidence for studying Earth's internal structure are:

This evidence is gathered through monitoring how seismic waves travel through and interact with the Earth's layers. Seismic waves behave similarly to sound waves in a struck bell; they reflect, refract, and vary in velocity depending on the material they pass through, providing a model of the internal structure. Therefore, by setting up a network of seismographs around the globe, scientists can detect the pattern of waves, which helps them understand the different layers within Earth's interior.

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Cities located the same distance from the equator, one north and one south, will have similar climates in terms of temperature and average rainfall, due to the similar amount of sunlight they receive. However, their seasons will be inverted, as when it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere, it will be winter in the Southern Hemisphere, and vice versa.

Your question inquires about how the climates of two cities would compare if they were equidistant from the equator, one being to the north and the other to the south. The climates of these two cities would be similar because they're situated at the same distance from the equator. The equator receives an equal amount of sunshine throughout the year, contributing to relatively stable, warm temperatures. However, their seasons might differ due to the tilting of the earth's axis causing variations in the intensity of solar radiation at different times of the year in both hemispheres.

A region's long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions are referred to as its "climate." This includes regular seasonal variations in rainfall and temperature. However, the timing and nature of these seasons may differ between the northern and southern hemispheres. Where the Northern Hemisphere experiences summer, the Southern Hemisphere experiences winter, and vice versa.

Therefore, although the two cities might experience similar average rainfall and temperatures due to their similar distances from the equator, the timings of their seasons would be inverted.

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Answer:

(a) The rate at which ammonia being formed = 0.0493 M/s

(b) The rate at which molecular nitrogen reacting = 0.0247 M/s

Explanation:

[tex]N_{2}+3H_{2}\longrightarrow2NH_{3}[/tex]

The rate at which molecular hydrogen is reacting = [tex]\frac{d}{dt}[H_{2}]=0.074\:M/s[/tex]

The rate of the above reaction can be expressed as:

[tex]rate=-\frac{d}{dt}[N_{2}]=-\frac{1}{3} \frac{d}{dt}[H_{2}]=\frac{1}{2}\frac{d}{dt}[NH_{3}][/tex]

(a) [tex]\frac{d}{dt}[NH_{3}]=\frac{2}{3}(0.074)=0.0493[/tex]

The rate at which ammonia being formed = 0.0493 M/s

(b) [tex]-\frac{d}{dt}[N_{2}]=\frac{1}{3}(0.074)=0.0247[/tex]

The rate at which molecular nitrogen reacting = 0.0247 M/s

Chemical formula of calcium sulfate dihydrate: CaSO₄ · 2 H₂O

There is a 1 : 2 mole ratio between calcium sulfate and water.

Explanation:

The calcium sulfate may be find as an anhydrous salt or a dihydrate. In the case of the dihydrate the chemical formula is CaSO₄ · 2 H₂O.

In the calcium sulfate dihydrate there are 1 mole of CaSO₄ and 2 moles of H₂O, so the mole ratio between the salt and the water molecules is 1 : 2.

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hydrates

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Final answer:

The hydrated form of calcium sulfate, also known as gypsum, has a chemical formula of CaSO4·2H2O, indicating a 1:2 mole ratio of calcium sulfate to water.

Explanation:

The hydrated form of calcium sulfate is commonly known as gypsum, and its chemical formula is CaSO4·2H2O. This indicates that there is a whole number mole ratio of 1:2 between calcium sulfate and water. Hydrates are compounds that include water molecules absorbed into their structure, and this absorbed water plays an essential role in the physical properties of the material. In the case of gypsum, the two water molecules are crucial for its use in construction and medical applications, such as in plaster of Paris.

Answer:

The complete question is given below:

Explanation:

Identify which subatomic  particle match each description:

1) Particles that have a relative charge of +1.

Proton have the relative charge of +1 .

2) Particles that have a relative charge of -1.

Electron have relative charge of -1.

3) Particles that have no charge.

Neutron have no charge. It is neutral.

4) Particles that are located in the nucleus of an atom.

The protons and neutrons both are present in the nucleus.

5) Particles that have a much lower mass than the other types of  particles.

Proton and neutrons are present in the nucleus. The most mass of an atom present in nucleus while electrons are present out side the nucleus and have negligible mass as compared to neutron and proton.

Explnation:

electron:

The electron is subatomic particle that revolve around outside the nucleus and has negligible mass. It has a negative charge.

Symbol= e-

Mass= 9.10938356×10-31 Kg

It was discovered by j. j. Thomson in 1897 during the study of cathode ray properties.

He constructed the glass tube and create vacuum in it. He applied electric current between electrodes. He noticed that a ray of particles coming from cathode to wards positively charged anode. This ray was cathode ray.

Properties of cathode ray:

The ray is travel in straight line.

The cathode ray is independent of composition of cathode.

When electric field is applied cathode ray is deflected towards the positively charged plate.

Hence it was consist of negatively charged particles.

Proton and neutron:

While neutron and proton are present inside the nucleus. Proton has positive charge while neutron is electrically neutral. Proton is discovered by Rutherford while neutron is discovered by James Chadwick in 1932.

Symbol of proton= P+  

Symbol of neutron= n0  

Mass of proton=1.672623×10-27 Kg

Mass of neutron=1.674929×10-27 Kg

An atom consist of electron, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are present with in nucleus while the electrons are present out side the nucleus.

All these three subatomic particles construct an atom. A neutral atom have equal number of proton and electron. In other words we can say that negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude and cancel the each other. For example if neutral atom has 6 protons than it must have 6 electrons. The sum of neutrons and protons is the mass number of an atom while the number of protons are number of electrons is the atomic number of an atom.

Answer: In photosynthesis, producers combine carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight to produce oxygen and sugar (their food). Other organisms get energy by eating producers. ... It cannot directly use the Sun's energy to make food. As a consumer, it has to eat— or, consume— other organisms for energy.

Explanation: Thats how both producers and consumers get energy

Producers like plants and algae utilize photosynthesis to convert sunlight into energy, which is then consumed by animals in an ecosystem. All life forms are reliant on the sun's energy for survival.

Producers such as plants, algae, and some bacteria, capture sunlight to make food through photosynthesis, converting it into glucose. Consumers, like animals, obtain energy from producers directly or indirectly by feeding on them or other consumers. Energy flow in ecosystems ensures that all life forms ultimately depend on the sun's energy for survival.