An equation or physical object that represents something that is too big, too small, too fast, or too slow to observe directly. Constant.
Why does the thermosphere have the highest temperature of all the atmosphere layers?
Because the thermosphere has the highest level of direct sunlight, its atoms contain the highest amount of energy.
The sun's radiation strikes it first.
(APEX)
At this boundary, crust is neither created nor destroyed.
Movement along this boundary leads to crumpling, lifting, and folding of earths crust in the area where the plates are in contact.
An arc of volcanic islands is often formed in the subduction zone at this boundary.
Transform boundary – this type of fault is found where two tectonic plates are moving alongside and parallel to each other mostly in opposite directions. This type of fault is also responsible for the rift valley and block mountains. No crust is destroyed nor new crust formed.
Convergent boundary – At this point, two tectonic plates are colliding because they are moving in opposite directions at each other. The pressure and stress of the collision force causes the plates to begin crumpling and folding at the boundary forming features such as fold mountains (an example is the Himalayas).
Convergent boundary – At this boundary , the denser of the two colliding tectonic plates (usually the oceanic plate) is subsided by the less dense one (usually the continental plate). The plate being subsided begins to melt as it does down into the mantle and becomes liquid rock. This magma rises through the fissures formed at the boundary and erupts into volcanic islands along the boundary.
Answer:
transform boundary, continental-continental convergent boundary, oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary.
Explanation:
plato / edmentum 100 percent.
at this boundary, crust is neither created nor destroyed: transform boundary
movement along this boundary leads to crumpling, lifting, and folding of earths crust in the area where the plates are in contact: continental-continental convergent boundary
an arc of volcanic islands is often formed in the subduction zone at this boundary: oceanic-oceanic convergent boundary
Describe how DNA is coiled and eventually supercoiled to condense it into chromosomes.
Double-stranded DNA loops around 8 histones twice, forming the nucleosome, which is the building block of chromatin packaging. DNA can be further packaged by forming coils of nucleosomes, called chromatin fibers. These fibers are condensed into chromosomes during mitosis, or the process of cell division.
Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
During DNA packaging, long pieces of double-stranded DNA are tightly looped, coiled, super coiled, and folded so that they fit easily within the cell. This highly compacted DNA is then arranged into structures called chromosomes.
list all the similarities and differences of a plant cell and an animal cell
Plant Cell and Animal Cell:
both eukaryotichave membrane bound organelles:Both have nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, cytoplasm, golgi apparatus (or golgi body), ribosomes, and cell membranes.Both go through cellular respirationPlant Cell Only:
Cell wallLarge central vacuoleChloroplastsGoes through two processes, cellular respiration and photosynthesisAutotrophsAnimal Cell Only:
LysosomesOnly go through the process of cellular respirationHeterotrophsHope I helped! :)
Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both eukaryotic cells. They both contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes. ... Plant cells can be larger than animal cells.
When DNA is extracted from E. coli cells and analyzed for base composition, it is found that 42% of the bases are cytosine. That means that there is also 42% of which base?
Guanine
When DNA is extracted from E. coli cells and analyzed for base composition, it is found that 42% of the bases are cytosine. That means that there is also 42% of guanine base.
Explanation:According to chargaff's rule :
DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine.
In DNA, cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G), hence if 42% of the bases are C, then 42% would also be G according to Chargaff's rule.
Explanation:In DNA, the four bases adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) pair up in a specific manner due to their shapes and charges. This is known as Chargaff's rule, which states that adenine always binds with thymine (A=T) and cytosine always binds with guanine (C=G). Therefore, if 42% of the bases in DNA extracted from E. coli cells are cytosine, then 42% of the bases would also have to be guanine as they form complementary pairs.
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Which part aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to take place
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen specifically during the electron transport chain, which is the final stage of this process occurring in the mitochondria. Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, facilitating the production of ATP and water as byproducts.
Explanation:Oxygen's Role in Aerobic RespirationThe part of aerobic respiration that requires oxygen is the electron transport chain. This stage of cellular respiration is crucial for producing the bulk of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and occurs after glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. In aerobic respiration, oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain. Without oxygen, the high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 could not be passed down the chain, which is essential for producing ATP. The oxygen attracts the electrons down the electron transport chain and in the process, combines with hydrogen ions to form water, which is a byproduct of this reaction. This process occurs in the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell, and is pivotal for extracting maximum energy from glucose.
For organisms living in environments rich in oxygen, such as humans, aerobic respiration is an efficient way to generate energy. We breathe in oxygen which is then transported to our cells for use in aerobic respiration. It's important to note that during intense activity when oxygen becomes scarce, our muscles may temporarily switch to anaerobic glycolysis, leading to the production of lactate and a lower yield of ATP.
Westerlies blow at a curve between 10 and 60 degrees north and south of the equator. What prevents these winds from blowing in a straight line? A. Earth spinning on its axis B. Mountain ranges C. Earth revolving around the sun D. Doldrums
The correct answer is option A, that is, the Earth is spinning on its axis.
The westerlies refer to the prevailing winds that blow from the west to the east in the mid-latitudes, that is, in between 10 and 60 degrees. The wind blows from the regions of higher pressure to the region of lower pressure, but it does not blow in a straight line.
This is generally because the Earth is rotating on its axis. The spin of the Earth makes winds to bend towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards the left in the southern hemisphere. This is known as the Coriolis effect.
Answer:
earth spinning on its axis
Explanation:
WHAT PROCESS ALLOWS A SPECIES TO LIVE IN ITS NICHE?
a ) EVOLUTION
b )REGRESSION
C)REPRODUCTION
d) COMPETITION
Answer:
a ) EVOLUTION
Explanation:
Why are invasive species dangerous to the environment?
Answer:
Invasive species do not have natural predators and therefore usually overgrow, invading other species habitat and breaking the normal ecosystem process.
Explanation:
When a species its brought by human mistake to a new environment where they can successfully adapt and grow. This invasive species can usually reproduce and grow rapidly, using many resources and therefore affecting the native species. Part of their success its because in many cases, they do not have natural predators or pests. A well known example its the introduction of the Lionfish to the Caribbean Sea.
The invasive species are dangerous to the environment because they disrupt the organisation of the ecosystem.
What are invasive species?The invasive species are those organisms that are are introduced into an ecosystem without a natural predators that helps to monitor it's growth.
They are dangerous to the ecosystem because of the following reasons:
They are capable of causing extinctions of native plants and animals, reducing biodiversity, competing with native organisms for limited resources, and altering habitats.Learn more about ecosystem here:
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Orogenesis is a _____.
general term for the process that produce mountains.
World wide nearly blank of the population live without clean water
11% of people worldwide or 790 million people. Hope this helps!
which of the following statements correctly describes the transfer of energy by water waves? A. energy is only transmitted at the crest of the wave B. energy is only transmitted at the trough of the wave c. energy is transmitted throughout the wave , but the energy increases as water depth increases. D. energy is transmitted throughout the wave, but the energy decreases as water depth increases
The correct statement about the transfer of energy by water waves is that energy decreases as water depth increases and is transmitted throughout the wave. Water particles move in circular orbits and the energy of a wave is influenced by its amplitude.
The statement that correctly describes the transfer of energy by water waves is D. energy is transmitted throughout the wave, but the energy decreases as water depth increases. This can be explained by the fact that water waves involve the movement of energy across the water's surface, while the actual water particles move in circular orbits. At the surface, the movement is greater and it diminishes with depth. This circular motion is a combination of transverse and longitudinal wave motions. As waves are primarily generated by wind, the energy transfer from wind to waves continues as long as the wind speed is higher than the wave speed. The amplitude of the wave affects its energy; the larger the amplitude, the more energy the wave carries.
Waves transmit energy, not mass. An object floating on the water surface will demonstrate this by bobbing up and down rather than moving significantly with the wave horizontally. This serves to illustrate that while the wave's energy moves, the mass of water itself does not travel with the wave over large distances.
what are the components of soil formed during primary succession
Plants play a crucial role in carbon cycle because they?
Allow
Carbon to enter the ecosystem through photosynthesis
How are humans affecting the balance of carbon in the atmosphere
Burning fossil fuels has increased
Where would an ecologist be least likely to go study primary succession?
a place that already has a ecosystem
What kind of natural disaster helps some forest communities by allowing some trees to release their seeds by cleaning away deadwood and by encouraging new growth?
A fire
Which symbols below represent the ions found in a glass of water
Answer:OH- and H+
Explanation:
What is/are converted into glucose and oxygen in the process of photosynthesis? A. water only B. light energy only C. carbon dioxide and light energy only D. carbon dioxide, water, and light energy
Alright well the Answer to this simply is glucose and oxygen even know it's not on your answer to the question
Well Hope this helps have a nice day :)
Answer: d
Explanation:
In a protein molecule, the number of amino acid molecules may be as few as _____.
5
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What dilution of Staphylococcus is required if the initial concentration of the broth culture is 5.8*10^8 cells/ml and your goal is to have a spread plate with 98 colonies when 0.1ml is plated?
Answer:
It can be calculate with the help of formula:
[tex]\frac{\text{Number of CFU}}{\text{Volume plated (ml) x total dilution used}} = \text{Number of CFU per mL}[/tex]
where, number of CFU is given as 98,
Volume plated = 0.1mL
Number of CFU per mL = [tex]5.8\text{ x }10^{8}\text{ cells per mL}[/tex]
Hence, [tex]\frac{98}{0.1 \text{ x total dilution used}} = 5.8 \text{ x } 10^8[/tex]
⇒total dilution used = [tex]\frac{98}{0.1 \text{ x }5.8\text{ x } 10^{8}}[/tex]
⇒total dilution used = [tex]\frac{98}{58}[/tex] x [tex]10^{-6}[/tex]
⇒total dilution used = [tex]1.69\text{ x }10^{-6}[/tex]
Which biomolecules does your body use as a long term energy source?
carbohydrates
they are like fat but they are used in your body and hold water whitch makse people look bloted
Mitosis maintains complex organisms by which of the following processes ?
A) the removal of waste from the body
B) the exchange of gas with the environment
C) the formation of sperm and egg
D) the healing of a cut after an injury
Mitosis maintains complex organisms primarily through the process of cell division to repair tissues and heal injuries.
Explanation:Mitosis is an essential biological process by which cells in organisms divide to create identical daughter cells. While mitosis is crucial for several processes in the body, out of the options provided, it most directly relates to D) the healing of a cut after an injury. This is because when a cut or any other form of injury occurs, the body must create new cells to repair the damaged tissue, which is facilitated through the process of mitosis.
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Mitosis is essential for growth and healing in complex organisms. It ensures cells are duplicated accurately, particularly in the healing of injuries. Therefore, the correct answer is D) the healing of a cut after an injury.
Mitosis is a vital process for maintaining complex organisms through the production of body cells for growth and healing. It involves the duplication and segregation of chromosomes to ensure each daughter cell is identical to the parent cell. Among the given options, mitosis is directly related to healing of a cut after an injury, making option D the correct choice.
During mitosis, the following stages occur:
Prophase: Chromosomes condense and become visible.Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's equator.Anaphase: Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles.Telophase: Nuclear membranes form around each set of chromosomes, followed by cytokinesis.This process allows tissues to grow, repair, and replace damaged or worn-out cells, crucial for maintaining body functions and structure.
Which is a product of the light reaction?
Answer: NADPH and ATP
Explanation:
The mechanism of photosynthesis can be divided into two phases, light reaction, and carbon fixation. During the light reaction, photosynthetic pigments absorb radiant energy and undergo a series of photochemical reactions and convert the trapped energy into chemical energy which is stored in the form of NADPH and ATP. These two compounds constitute the assimilatory power. Light reaction is light dependent and it takes place in the grana of the chloroplast.
Which is a renewable source?
A) oil
B) wood
C) Iron
D) coal
According to evolutionary scientists, animals that arose later in evolutionary history share which characteristic?
Later animals in evolutionary history share homologous characteristics within smaller groups derived from a common ancestor, showcasing descent with modification. Evolutionary advantages are expressed through competition and reproduction, impacting population genetics. Modern phylogenetics employs genetic, molecular, and morphological data to map these evolutionary relationships.
According to evolutionary scientists, animals that arose later in evolutionary history typically share homologous characteristics that have developed more recently and are observable within smaller, more closely related groups of organisms. As the phylogenetic tree of life demonstrates, through the concept of descent with modification, related organisms inherit many of the same characteristics and genetic codes from a common ancestor. However, over time, these characteristics undergo changes which aid in the organism's survival.
Evolution of any particular characteristic, such as sharper teeth or greater intelligence, requires that characteristic to be expressed and benefit the organism's survival and reproductive success. This process involves mature individuals competing and surviving long enough for these advantageous traits to make a significant impact on the population. Hence, animals with superior traits tend to live longer and breed more.
Modern phylogenetics integrates genetic and molecular analyses along with morphological and fossil data to determine evolutionary relationships among animals. This has greatly enhanced our understanding of the animal evolutionary tree, helping distinguish between homologous characteristics that reflect shared ancestry and analogous characteristics that may arise independently in unrelated species due to convergent evolution.
Piper touches a block of ice, and she feels that it is very cold. How does she feel the sensation of cold?
A.
The nerves in the finger stop producing action potentials across synapses.
B.
The nerves in the finger detect stimuli and send the message to the brain.
C.
The nerves in the finger signal the arteries to stop circulation to the area.
D.
The nerves in the finger send a reflexive action through the spinal cord.
B.the nerves in the finger detect stimuli and send the message to the brain
Hope this helps
The correct answer is option B
The Piper touches a block of ice and she feels that it is very cold, this sensation is felt as the sensation of cold.
This is because, the nerves in the finger detect stimuli and sends the message to the brain.
The external stimuli is recognized by the nerves present on the finger and then these nerves sends the message to the brain regarding the sensation.
This message is recognized by the brain and detected as cold sensation.
Which compound is inorganic?
It's KH2PO4(Mono Potassium Phosphate).
Describe the structure of a mitochondrion.
The outer membrane is technically the skin and covers the organelle.
The inner membrane folds over many times and creates layered structures called cristae.
:)
Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy-rich molecules for the cell.
Mitochondria Structure
Mitochondria are shaped perfectly to maximize their productivity. They are made of two membranes. The outer membrane covers the organelle and contains it like a skin. The inner membrane folds over many times and creates layered structures called cristae. The fluid contained in the mitochondria is called the matrix.
The folding of the inner membrane increases the surface area inside the organelle. Since many of the chemical reactions happen on the inner membrane, the increased surface area creates more space for reactions to occur.
Although cellular respiration involves many steps, the whole process can be represented by a single equation.
A + B → C + D + E
Which substances would complete the equation that models the overall process of cellular respiration?
A: ATP, Carbon dioxide, glucose?
B: ATP, Oxygen, water?
C: Carbon dioxide, glucose, oxygen?
D: ADP, oxygen, water?
E: ATP, Oxygen, glucose?
Answer:
here the answer
stop looking at my tabs
Explanation:
The substances which would complete the equation that models the overall process of cellular respiration are:
A: glucose.
B: Oxygen.
C: Carbon dioxide.
D: water.
E: ATP.
Cellular respiration can be defined as a series of metabolic reactions that typically occur in cells so as to produce energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
During cellular respiration, high energy intermediates are created that can then be oxidized to make adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Therefore, the intermediary substances or products are produced at the glycolysis and citric acid cycle stage.
Basically, the whole process involved in cellular respiration can be represented or modelled by a single equation by using the following substances;
Glucose. Oxygen. Carbon dioxide. Water. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP).[tex]Glucose + Oxygen ---> Carbon \;dioxide + Water + ATP[/tex]
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Meiosis makes four _________ cells.
Answer:Haploid
Explanation:
It is a type of cell division.which reduces the chromosome number by half which creates four haploid cells.
These four haploid cells are are genetically distinct from their parents cell that gives rise to them.
This process takes place in all the eukaryotic species which includes human beings, animals et cetera.
Error during the process of meiosis can result in various types of deformities in the body.
What is the definition of bioaccumulation
Bioaccumulation is the process by which certain harmful substances, such as chemicals or toxins, build up in an organism's body over time. These substances are often persistent environmental pollutants, meaning they do not break down easily and can remain in the environment for long periods.
1. Sources of Contaminants:
Environmental Pollution:
Pollutants such as heavy metals (mercury, lead), pesticides (DDT), and industrial chemicals (PCBs) can enter ecosystems through various means, including air, water, and soil pollution.Dietary Intake:
Organisms can ingest these substances through their diet. For example, fish might absorb contaminants from water or from consuming smaller contaminated organisms.2. Absorption and Storage:
Lipophilicity:
Many of these contaminants are lipophilic, meaning they dissolve in fats rather than water. This property allows them to accumulate in the fatty tissues of organisms.Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs):
These are chemicals that remain intact in the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate in the fatty tissue of living organisms, and are toxic to humans and wildlife.3. Trophic Levels and Food Chains:
Bioaccumulation:
Refers to the buildup of substances in an organism over time. For instance, if a small fish eats plankton that has absorbed a toxin, the toxin builds up in the fish's body. If a larger fish then eats many of these smaller fish, the toxin concentration increases further.Biomagnification:
This is related to bioaccumulation and refers to the increasing concentration of these substances in organisms higher up the food chain. Predatory animals, including humans, can end up with high concentrations of toxins in their bodies by consuming prey that has already accumulated these substances.4. Health and Environmental Impacts:
Toxicity:
Accumulated toxins can lead to health problems in organisms, such as reproductive issues, immune system damage, and increased susceptibility to diseases.Ecosystem Disruption:
High levels of toxins in top predators can disrupt entire ecosystems, as it can lead to declines in population and changes in species dynamics.Example
A well-known example of bioaccumulation is mercury in fish. Mercury released from industrial activities can end up in water bodies. Microorganisms convert this mercury into methylmercury, a toxic form that bioaccumulates in aquatic organisms. Small fish consume these microorganisms, larger fish consume smaller fish, and so on, leading to higher concentrations of mercury in top predators like tuna or sharks. When humans eat these fish, they can be exposed to harmful levels of mercury.Understanding bioaccumulation is crucial for managing environmental health and developing policies to limit the release of persistent pollutants into the environment.
What is biodiversity
Answer:
Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity
Explanation:
Biodiversity is the biological variety and variability of life on Earth. Biodiversity is typically a measure of variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem level. Terrestrial biodiversity is usually greater near the equator, which is the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity
What must be done to ensure dna made in a laboratory is radioactive
The answer would be Incorporating radioactive nucleotides!!
Final answer:
To label DNA in a laboratory as radioactive, it needs to be synthesized using a radioactive isotope of phosphorous, ³²P, which is incorporated into the DNA strands during replication.
Explanation:
To ensure DNA made in a laboratory is radioactive, it must be labeled with a radioactive isotope. The most common isotope used to label DNA is radioactive phosphorous (³²P), as phosphorous is a component of the DNA backbone. When DNA synthesis occurs in the lab, radioactive nucleotides containing ³²P can be incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA strands, thereby tagging them with a radioactive label. For instance, cultured cells may be incubated with 3H-thymine, which is a radioactive base that cells will incorporate into thymidine triphosphate (dTTP), and then into DNA. This allows for tracking, measuring, or visualizing the DNA under specific experimental conditions.