Dominic made the table below to organize his notes about mixtures.
Properties of Mixtures
has no set composition
must have more than one state of matter
must have more than one substance
What mistake did Dominic make?
The title should read "Properties of Solutions" because some mixtures do not have all of the properties listed,
There is a definite recipe to make each mixture, so the composition of a mixture is set.
Although it is possible to have more than one state, it is also possible to have only one state.
A single substance can be used to make a mixture if the substance is composed of more than one element.
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Answer:
Although it is possible to have more than one state, it is also possible to have only one state.
Explanation:
Read the lines about space, then answer the question. Jupiter is a gaseous planet. It is not made up of rocks and metal, but is mostly hydrogen and helium. According to context clues, which best defines the underlined word? Not solid solid windy not windy
Answer:
The correct option is;
Not solid
Explanation:
Here we have that Jupiter is a planet of gas and that it is not made up of solid rocks or of metal.
According to the hint provided that defined the physical property of Jupiter, we have that Jupiter is not a solid
However, to say that Jupiter is windy planet is an overstatement because, the paragraph only describe the static physical substance condition of the planet Jupiter.
Answer:
A or Not Solid
Explanation:
Jupiter is entirely made of gas.
Calculate the new molarity that results when 250.mL of water is added to each of the following solutions.
a) 125 mL of 0.251 M HCI
B) 445 mL of 0.499 M H2SO4
C) 5.25L of 0.101 M HCO3
Answer:
The answer to your question is 1) 0.037 M 2) 0.32 M 3) 0.096 M
Explanation:
a) 125 ml of 0.251 M HCl
-Calculate the moles of HCl
Molarity = moles/volume
-Solve for moles
moles = Molarity x volume
-Substitution
moles = 0.251 x 0.125
= 0.0314
-Calculate the new molarity
Molarity = 0.0314/ (0.125 + 0.250)
-Simplification
Molarity = 0.014/0.375
-Result
Molarity = 0.037 M
2.-
445 ml of 0.499 M of H₂SO₄
-Calculate the number of moles
moles = 0.499 x 0.445
moles = 0.222
-Calculate the new molarity
Molarity = 0.222/(0.445 + 0.25)
Molarity = 0.222/0.695
Molarity = 0.32
3)
5.25 l of HCO₃ 0.101 M
Calculate the number of moles
moles = 0.101 x 5.25
moles = 0.53
-Calculate the Molarity
Molarity = 0.53 / (0.25 + 5.25)
Molarity = 0.53 / 5.5
Molarity = 0.096
The new molarity of each question is: (a): 0.0835 M, (b): 0.3194 M, and (c) 0.0964 M.
The new molarities after adding 250 mL of water to each solution are: a) 0.0835 M for the first solution (HCI) b) 0.3194 M for the second solution (H2SO4) c) 0.0964 M for the third solution (HCO3).
To calculate the new molarity after dilution, we can use the dilution equation:
[tex]\[ C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \][/tex]
where [tex]\( C_1 \)[/tex] is the initial concentration, [tex]\( V_1 \)[/tex] is the initial volume, [tex]\( C_2 \)[/tex] is the final concentration, and [tex]\( V_2 \)[/tex] is the final volume.
Let's solve for each case:
a) For the first solution:
- Initial concentration [tex](\( C_1 \))[/tex] = 0.251 M
- Initial volume [tex](\( V_1 \))[/tex] = 125 mL
- Final volume [tex](\( V_2 \))[/tex] = 125 mL + 250 mL = 375 mL
We need to find the final concentration [tex](\( C_2 \))[/tex]. Using the dilution equation:
[tex]\[ C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.251 \text{ M} \times 125 \text{ mL} = C_2 \times 375 \text{ mL} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = \frac{0.251 \text{ M} \times 125 \text{ mL}}{375 \text{ mL}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = \frac{31.375 \text{ mL} \cdot \text{M}}{375 \text{ mL}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = 0.0835 \text{ M} \][/tex]
So, the new molarity for solution A is 0.0835 M.
b) For the second solution:
- Initial concentration [tex](\( C_1 \))[/tex] = 0.499 M
- Initial volume [tex](\( V_1 \))[/tex] = 445 mL
- Final volume [tex](\( V_2 \))[/tex] = 445 mL + 250 mL = 695 mL
Using the dilution equation:
[tex]\[ C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.499 \text{ M} \times 445 \text{ mL} = C_2 \times 695 \text{ mL} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = \frac{0.499 \text{ M} \times 445 \text{ mL}}{695 \text{ mL}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = \frac{222.005 \text{ mL} \cdot \text{M}}{695 \text{ mL}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = 0.3194 \text{ M} \][/tex]
So, the new molarity for solution B is approximately 0.3194 M.
c) For the third solution:
- Initial concentration [tex](\( C_1 \))[/tex] = 0.101 M
- Initial volume [tex](\( V_1 \))[/tex] = 5.25 L = 5250 mL
- Final volume [tex](\( V_2 \))[/tex] = 5250 mL + 250 mL = 5500 mL
Using the dilution equation:
[tex]\[ C_1V_1 = C_2V_2 \][/tex]
[tex]\[ 0.101 \text{ M} \times 5250 \text{ mL} = C_2 \times 5500 \text{ mL} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = \frac{0.101 \text{ M} \times 5250 \text{ mL}}{5500 \text{ mL}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = \frac{530.25 \text{ mL} \cdot \text{M}}{5500 \text{ mL}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ C_2 = 0.0964 \text{ M} \][/tex]
So, the new molarity for solution C is approximately 0.0964 M.
This cold river of air travels from west to east in the northern hemisphere. In winter, it dips south helping to bring cooler air to most parts of the United States. This is the _________ jet stream.
Answer:
Polar Jet stream
Explanation:
Polar Jet stream is also called the polar front jet or mid latitude jet steam, it is a very powerful belt of the upper level winds which sits above the polar front. It is the strongest wind in the tropopause, it's movement is towards the westerly direction of the mid latitude.
Why is melting an ice cube a reversible physical change?
Answer:
Because you can freeze the water you melted back into a ice cube.
Explanation:
Melting an ice cube is a reversible physical change because it involves a change in state (from solid to liquid) that can be reversed (from liquid back to solid). No new substances are formed in this process, hence, it's a physical change, not a chemical one. The substance, water, maintains its identity throughout the process.
Explanation:Melting an ice cube is a reversible physical change because the process can be reversed by freezing. When an ice cube melts, it changes its state from solid (ice) to liquid (water) due to an increase in temperature. This is a physical change, not a chemical change because no new substances are formed - water (H2O) remains water in both solid and liquid states.
When the temperature drops, the liquid water can freeze back to become ice - this is the reverse of the melting process. Hence, it's considered a reversible physical change since we can revert the material (water) back to its original state (ice) under standard conditions. The key here is that the basic identity of the substance (water, in this case) does not change throughout this process.
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What are the correct mass and charge numbers for the following five products of radioactive decay: (a) a neutron (b) an α- particle (c) a positron (d) a photon (e) a β- ray
Answer:
Radioactive decay is defined as the disintegration of an unstable nucleus accompanied by the release of energy.
The different types of radioactive decay are: alpha decay, beta decay, gamma decay; which are accompanied by the release of photons or other subatomic particles.
The mass number (A) and charge number (Z) of the following products of radioactive decay are:
(a) a neutron : [tex]_{0}^{1}\textrm{n}[/tex]
A - 1
Z - 0
(b) an α- particle: [tex]_{2}^{4}\textrm{He}[/tex]
A - 4
Z - (+2)
(c) a positron : [tex]_{+1}^{0}\textrm{\beta }[/tex][tex]\beta[/tex]
A - 0
Z - (+1)
(d) a photon
A - 0
Z - 0
(e) a β- ray: [tex]_{-1}^{0}\textrm{\beta }[/tex][tex]\beta[/tex]
A - 0
Z - (-1)
Propane (C3 H8 (g), Delta.Hf = –103.8 kJ/mol) reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide (CO2 , Delta.Hf = –393.5 kJ/mol ) and water (H2 O, Delta.Hf = –241.82 kJ/mol) according to the equation below. Upper C subscript 3 upper H subscript 8 (g) plus 5 upper O subscript 2 (g) right arrow 3 upper C upper O subscript 2 (g) plus 4 upper H subscript 2 upper O (g). What is the enthalpy of combustion (per mole) of C3 H8 (g)? Use Delta H r x n equals the sum of delta H f of all the products minus the sum of delta H f of all the reactants.. –2,044.0 kJ/mol –531.5 kJ/mol 531.5 kJ/mol 2,044.0 kJ/mol
Answer: -2044.0 kJ/mol
Explanation:
Answer on Edg 2020
Answer:
-2044.0 kJ/molExplanation:
Which best compares AC and DC?
a
AC flows in one direction, and DC repeatedly switches direction.
b
AC is used only in generators, and DC is used only in motors.
c
DC is used only in generators, and AC is used only in motors.
d
DC flows in one direction, and AC repeatedly switches direction.
Please Help me, I have no clue what I'm reading, and I'm trying to make a good grade on this formative assesement
Answer: B) DC flows in one direction, and AC repeatedly switches directions.
Explanation:
DC stands for direct current, which is a current that constantly flows in only one direction.
AC stands for alternating current, which is a current that repeatedly changes directions.
GOOD LUCK! :)
Direct Current (DC) flows in one direction while Alternating Current (AC) flows by continuously changing its direction.
Explanation:The difference between Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC) lies in the direction in which the electrons flow. In DC, the electrons flow steadily in a single direction, or 'directly'.
AC is a bit different; electrons keep swapping directions, sometimes going forwards and then going backwards.
Therefore, the answer to your question 'Which best compares AC and DC?' would be option D: DC flows in one direction, and AC repeatedly switches direction.
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A scientist makes a solution that contains 80 g of sugar per 200 ml of solution. What is the concentration that describes the solution
Answer:
40,000g/L
Explanation:
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By definition, the concentration that describes the solution is 400 [tex]\frac{grams}{L}[/tex].
Solute and solvent are two components of a solution. The solute is the substance (solid, liquid, or gas) that dissolves in the solvent to produce a homogeneous mixture known as a solution.
In the solution, the solute is usually found in a lower proportion than the solvent, while generally, the solvent is the component that is found in the greater proportion in the solution.
The concentration of a solution is the amount of solute (dissolved substance) in an amount of solvent or solution.
There are different ways to express the concentration of a solution.
In this case, the mass of solute per volume of solution is a measure of concentration that is determined by dividing the mass in grams of the solute present in the solution sample by the volume of the sample.
In this case, the solution contains 80 g of sugar per 200 ml (0.2 L, being 1000 mL= 1 L) of solution. Then, the mass of solute per volume of solution can be calculated as:
[tex]mass of solute per volume=\frac{80 grams}{0.2 L}[/tex]
Solving:
[tex]mass of solute per volume=400\frac{ grams}{ L}[/tex]
Finally, the concentration that describes the solution is 400 [tex]\frac{grams}{L}[/tex].
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If you have 40 grams of potassium nitrate in 100 grams of water at 20 C:
How many grams of potassium nitrate will fall to the bottom of the container?
Answer:
Approx. 8 grams of KNO3 will not dissolve
Explanation:
According to the curve at 20 degrees C only 32 grams of KNO3 can dissolve in 100 grams of water meaning if you hvae 40 grams of KNO3 in water at 20 degrees C ; 40-32= 8
Carbon disulfide burns in oxygen to yield carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide according to the chemical equation cs2(ℓ) + 3 o2(g) −→ co2(g) + 2 so2(g). if 1.25 mol of cs2 is combined with 0.57 mol of o2, identify the limiting reactant.
To find the limiting reactant between carbon disulfide and oxygen, one evaluates the stoichiometric requirements of the reaction. Given 1.25 mol CS2 and 0.57 mol O2, oxygen is determined to be the limiting reactant as it is insufficient to react with all the CS2.
Explanation:To determine the limiting reactant in the reaction between carbon disulfide (CS2) and oxygen (O2), where the products are carbon dioxide (CO2) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the stoichiometric ratios from the balanced equation must be considered. The balanced chemical equation is CS2(l) + 3O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2SO2(g).
Given: 1.25 mol of CS2 and 0.57 mol of O2. We should calculate the theoretical amount of O2 needed to completely react with 1.25 mol of CS2. According to the equation, 1 mol of CS2 requires 3 mol of O2. Thus, 1.25 mol of CS2 would require 3.75 mol of O2 (1.25 mol × 3 mol/mol = 3.75 mol). Since only 0.57 mol of O2 is available and 3.75 mol is needed, oxygen is the limiting reactant because there is not enough oxygen to completely react with all of the carbon disulfide present.
Classify the carbohydrate tagatose by both the carbonyl group and the number of carbon atoms. There is a Fischer projection for D-tagatose. The carbon chain is depicted vertically, with a CH2OH group bonded to a CO group at the top and a CH2OH group at the bottom, while the three remaining carbon atoms are represented by the center of crossing lines. The tagatose molecule has all hydroxyls but the third one (from top to bottom) on the left and hydrogens opposite to them.
Final answer:
Tagatose is a ketohexose, a type of carbohydrate with a ketone group in the middle of its six-carbon chain and considered to be a D-sugar due its hydroxyl group orientation on the fifth carbon.
Explanation:
The carbohydrate tagatose can be classified by both the type of carbonyl group present and the number of carbon atoms in the molecule. Since tagatose has a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain, it is classified as a ketose. Furthermore, because tagatose has six carbon atoms, it is called a hexose.
In the Fischer projection of D-tagatose, the presence of the carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms indicates that it is a ketonic sugar, hence a ketose. Additionally, since the molecule is a six-carbon sugar, it can further be categorized as a hexose. The D- configuration designation comes from the orientation of the hydroxyl group on the fifth carbon, and in the case of D-tagatose, this group is positioned on the right, confirming its D-configuration.
The successive ionization energies of a certain element are I1= 577.9 kJ/mol, I2 = 1820 kJ/mol, I3= 2750 kJ/mol, I4 = 11,600 kJ/mol, and I5 = 14,800 kJ/mol. This pattern of ionization energies suggests that the unknown element is _________.
Given question is incomplete. The complete question is as follows.
The successive ionization energies of a certain third-period element are I1 = 577.9KJ/mol, I2 + 1820 KJ/mol, I3 = 2750 KJ/mol, I4 = 11600 KJ/mol, I5 = 14800 KJ/mol. what element do these ionization energies suggest? Explain your reasoning.
Explanation:
Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron from a neutral gaseous atom.
Here, given ionization energies belong to an element present in third period.
We know that second ionization energy will always be greater than third ionization energy.
For the given ionization energies, there is a huge difference between third and fourth ionization energy. This means that there are three valence electrons present in the element.
This is because after losing three electrons it is difficult for the given element to lose fourth electron. Hence, [tex]IE_{4}[/tex] is high as compared to [tex]IE_{3}[/tex].
Hence, this element has 3 valence electrons and it belongs to 3A group of the periodic table.
Thus, we can conclude that the given unknown element is aluminium (Al).
The unknown element, suggested by the provided pattern of ionization energies, most likely has 3 valence electrons, which fits the characteristics of aluminum (Al). The significant increase in the fourth ionization energy suggests the removal of an electron from a stable noble gas core.
Explanation:The pattern in ionization energies indicates that the unknown element contains 3 valence electrons. The ionization energy increases with each successive removal of an electron, however, the energy required for the fourth ionization is significantly larger than the previous one. This dramatic increase indicates that electrons are being removed from a stable noble gas configuration. Therefore, the element must have 3 valence electrons in its outermost shell and the nearest noble gas core underneath. This property is characteristic of elements in group 13 of the periodic table, and considering the given ionization values, the unknown element is most likely aluminum (Al).
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What are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms
Answer:
Reproduction in Gymnosperms: Gymnosperms are heterosporous and sexual reproduction is oogamous type. In living gymnosperms the reproductive structures are arranged in the form of strobili or cones (except the ovulate structures of Cycas).
Explanation:
Answer:
Cones are the reproductive structures of gymnosperms.
Explanation:
En un depósito hay 800 litros de agua. Por la parte superior un tubo vierte en el depósito 25 litros por minuto, y por la parte inferior por otro tubo salen 30 litros por minuto. ¿Cuántos litros de agua habrá en el depósito después de 15 minutos de funcionamiento?
Answer:
Ninguno estará en el agua después de 15 minutos.
Explanation:
Tomar 25 + 30 = 55 por minuto de agua que sale. Como ahora sabemos eso, tómese 55 minutos por 15 minutos. Debe obtener 825, por lo tanto, no quedará agua.
- Avíseme si esto es incorrecto o si desea una explicación más detallada. Espero que esto haya ayudado!
According to unitary method, there will be 825 liters of water and hence there will be no water left .
What is unitary method?Unitary method is a process by which we find the value of a single unit from the value of multiple units and the value of multiple units from the value of a single unit. It is a method that we use for most of the calculations in math.
Water coming out= 25+30=55 liters of water comes out in 1 minute, thus in 15 minutes 15×55=825 liters will come out and hence there will be no water left.
Thus, according to unitary method, there will be 825 liters of water and hence there will be no water left .
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There are 800 liters of water in a tank. A tube pours 25 liters per minute into the tank at the top, and 30 liters per minute comes out at the bottom through another tube. How many liters of water will be in the tank after 15 minutes of operation?
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H2 (g) + MgCl2 (aq)
A:
Moles Mg: 0.050
Moles HCl: 0.050
Mass of Hydrogen gas and the limiting reactant
Mass of hydrogen gas formed from the given reaction is 0.05 grams and the limiting reactant is HCl.
Explanation:
Data given:
moles of Mg = 0.050 moles
moles of HCl = 0.050 moles
mass of hydrogen gas formed =?
atomic mass of hydrogen gas = 2 grams/mole
limiting reactant = ?
Balanced chemical equation is given by:
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H2 (g) + Mg[tex]Cl_{2}[/tex] (aq)
from the reaction let us deduce the limiting reagent as
1 mole of Mg gave 1 mole of hydrogen gas
0.050 moles will give 0.050 moles of hydrogen gas
mass of hydrogen gas = atomic mass x number of moles
mass of hydrogen gas = 2 x 0.050
= 0.1 grams of hydrogen gas produced.
Now from 2 moles of HCl 1 mole of hydrogen gas is formed
so, 0.050 moles of HCl will give x moles of hydrogen gas
[tex]\frac{1}{2}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{x}{0.050}[/tex]
2x = 0.050
x = 0.025 moles
mass of hydrogen gas = atomic mass x number of moles
mass of hydrogen gas = 0.025 x 2
= 0.05 grams
mass = atomic mass x number of moles
The limiting reactant is HCl as it produced less amount of product after getting fully consumed in the reaction.
the product formed depends on the limiting reagent and the value is 0.05 grams.
Final answer:
To determine the mass of hydrogen gas and the limiting reactant in the given reaction, we need to calculate the moles of each reactant and use stoichiometry.
Explanation:
The reaction given is:
Mg (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H2 (g) + MgCl2 (aq)
To determine the mass of hydrogen gas produced and the limiting reactant, we need to calculate the moles of each reactant and use stoichiometry.
Moles of Mg = 0.050 mol
Moles of HCl = 0.050 mol
Since the reaction ratio is 1:1 between Mg and H2, the moles of H2 produced is also 0.050 mol. To calculate the mass of hydrogen gas, we can use the molar mass of H2 which is 2 g/mol. Therefore, the mass of hydrogen gas produced is:
Mass of H2 = Moles of H2 × Molar mass of H2 = 0.050 mol × 2 g/mol = 0.100 g
The limiting reactant is the reactant that is fully consumed and determines the maximum amount of product that can be formed. In this case, since both Mg and HCl have the same number of moles and both are fully consumed, neither is the limiting reactant.
why does a balloon expand when you add air to it
Answer:
Air molecules collide into the balloon with the same energy inside and outside the balloon. These molecules now collide into the balloon with more energy resulting in increased pressure. The increased pressure causes the balloon to expand.
Explanation:
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Which units are used to measure both velocity and speed? Select three options.
m/s
d/t
km/h
mph
lph
Answer:
hi! the answer is:
m/s
Km/h
mph
Explanation:
hope this helps!! :)
If a very complex closed system has 200 J of energy in it, then the energy converts from 1 form to another to another to another. How much energy should the system still have at the end?
At the end the energy of the system is the same as 200 J.
Explanation:
It is a closed complex system and it has 200 J of energy.
Here the system is converting from one form to another form and then to another form.
As we know that there is a conservation of energy when one form is converted to another form without losing or gaining energy, whereas it may convert from one form to another form with the energy being conserved.
So after there is a conversion of one form to another form but there is no loss or gain of energy and same energy must be retained.
The isomerization of cyclopropane to propylene is a first-order process with a half-life of 19 minutes at OC. The total time it takes for the partial pressure of cyclopropane to decrease from 1.0 atmosphere to 0.125 atmosphere at 500 °C is closest to:_______
(A) 38 minutes
(B) 28.5 38
(C) 76 minutes
(D) 152 minutes
Answer : The total time it takes is, 57 min
Explanation :
Half-life = 19 min
First we have to calculate the rate constant, we use the formula :
[tex]k=\frac{0.693}{19\text{ min}}[/tex]
[tex]k=0.0365\text{ min}^{-1}[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the time taken for decay.
Expression for rate law for first order kinetics is given by:
[tex]t=\frac{2.303}{k}\log\frac{a}{a-x}[/tex]
where,
k = rate constant
t = time taken top decay = ?
a = initial pressure of the reactant = 1.0 atm
a - x = pressure left after decay process = 0.125 atm
Now put all the given values in above equation, we get
[tex]t=\frac{2.303}{0.0365}\log\frac{1.0}{0.125}[/tex]
[tex]t=57min[/tex]
Therefore, the total time it takes is, 57 min
Final answer:
For a first-order reaction with a constant half-life, three half-lives occur when the concentration goes from 1.0 atmosphere to 0.125 atmosphere. Each half-life is 19 minutes, totaling 57 minutes, leading to the closest total time being C) 76 minutes.
Explanation:
The question involves a first-order reaction where the half-life remains constant. To find the time it takes for the partial pressure of cyclopropane to decrease from 1.0 atmosphere to 0.125 atmosphere, we need to calculate the number of half-lives that occur in this change.
The concentration decreases by half for each half-life period. Since 1.0 atmosphere going down to 0.125 atmosphere is equivalent to halving the concentration three times (1.0 to 0.5 to 0.25 to 0.125), it takes three half-lives.
Given that the half-life is 19 minutes, the total time would be:
3 half-lives × 19 minutes/half-life = 57 minutes.
Thus, the closest answer to the total time taken for this process is:
(C) 76 minutes
Predict which of the following will be formed at the anode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI. Predict which of the following will be formed at the anode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of:
KI.
O2
H2
K
I2
During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI, I₂ will be formed at the anode.
What is Electrolysis ?It is process by which electric current is passed through a substance to effect a chemical change.
The chemical change is one in which the substance loses or gains an electron (oxidation or reduction).
In order for KI to undergo electrolysis it has to be in its molten state or aqueous state because this will enhance the migration of ions.
The following reactions and observations occur during the electrolysis of aqueous solution of KI.
At the anode,
Two reactions are like to occur that the one in which the I⁻ is oxidized to give I₂ and the one in which oxygen is formed from water but in both above only the case in which I₂ is produced is the one that is been observed because of the presence of the violet colour.
The equation of Reaction is given below;
2 I⁻ (aq) -------> I₂ (g) + 2 e⁻
Note that the I₂ is in gaseous form.
Hence, During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI, I₂ will be formed at the anode.
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During the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI, iodine (I₂) will be produced at the anode due to the oxidation of iodide ions. Option D is correct.
This process involves the oxidation of iodide ions (I−), which can be represented by the half-reaction: 2I⁻(aq) → I₂(s) + 2e⁻. This indicates that iodide ions are oxidized to iodine solid and electrons are released in the process.
It is important to note that while water can also undergo oxidation to produce oxygen gas, the formation of iodine at the anode takes precedence over oxygen evolution because iodide ions are more easily oxidized than water molecules in this scenario.
Hence, D. is the correct option.
The complete question is:
content loaded
Predict which of the following will be formed at the anode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI. Predict which of the following will be formed at the anode in the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of KI.
A) O₂
B) H₂
C) K
D) I₂
Which types of organisms are required to complete the nitrogen cycle
in a second experiment, the total pressure is observed to be 58 atm. what is the partial pressure of the water vapor produced?
This is an incomplete question, here is a complete question.
Nitroglycerine (C₃H₅N₃O₉) explodes with tremendous force due to the numerous gaseous products. The equation for the explosion of Nitroglycerine is:
[tex]4C_3H_5N_3O_9(l)\rightarrow 12CO_2(g)+O_2(g)+6N_2(g)+10H_2O(g)[/tex]
A scientist conducts an experiment to characterize a bomb containing nitroglycerine. She uses a steel, ridge container for the test.
Volume of rigid steel container: 1.00 L
Molar mass of Nitroglycerine: 227 g/mol
Temperature: 300 K
Amount of Nitroglycerine tested: 227 g
Value for ideal gas constant, R: 0.0821 L.atm/mol.K
In a second experiment, the total pressure is observed to be 58 atm. what is the partial pressure of the water vapor produced?
Answer : The partial pressure of the water vapor is, 20.01 atm
Explanation :
First we have to calculate the moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex]
[tex]\text{Moles of }C_3H_5N_3O_9=\frac{\text{Given mass }C_3H_5N_3O_9}{\text{Molar mass }C_3H_5N_3O_9}=\frac{227g}{227g/mol}=1mol[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the moles of [tex]CO_2,O_2,N_2\text{ and }H_2O[/tex]
The balanced chemical reaction is:
[tex]4C_3H_5N_3O_9(l)\rightarrow 12CO_2(g)+O_2(g)+6N_2(g)+10H_2O(g)[/tex]
From the balanced chemical reaction we conclude that,
As, 4 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give 12 moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex]
So, 1 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give [tex]\frac{12}{4}=3[/tex] moles of [tex]CO_2[/tex]
and,
As, 4 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give 1 moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]
So, 1 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give [tex]\frac{1}{4}=0.25[/tex] moles of [tex]O_2[/tex]
and,
As, 4 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give 6 moles of [tex]N_2[/tex]
So, 1 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give [tex]\frac{6}{4}=1.5[/tex] moles of [tex]N_2[/tex]
and,
As, 4 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give 10 moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex]
So, 1 moles of [tex]C_3H_5N_3O_9[/tex] react to give [tex]\frac{10}{4}=2.5[/tex] moles of [tex]H_2O[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the mole fraction of water.
[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }H_2O=\frac{\text{Moles of }H_2O}{\text{Moles of }H_2O+\text{Moles of }CO_2+\text{Moles of }O_2+\text{Moles of }N_2}[/tex]
[tex]\text{Mole fraction of }H_2O=\frac{2.5}{2.5+3+0.25+1.5}=0.345[/tex]
Now we have to calculate the partial pressure of the water vapor.
According to the Raoult's law,
[tex]p_{H_2O}=X_{H_2O}\times p_T[/tex]
where,
[tex]p_{H_2O}[/tex] = partial pressure of water vapor gas = ?
[tex]p_T[/tex] = total pressure of gas = 58 atm
[tex]X_{H_2O}[/tex] = mole fraction of water vapor gas = 0.345
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
[tex]p_{H_2O}=X_{H_2O}\times p_T[/tex]
[tex]p_{H_2O}=0.345\times 58atm=20.01atm[/tex]
Therefore, the partial pressure of the water vapor is, 20.01 atm
The partial pressure exerted by a gas in a mixture, depends on the mole
fraction of the gas and the pressure exerted by the mixture.
The partial pressure of H₂O is 20 atm.
Reasons:
Given parameters are;
Explosion equation is 4C₃H₅N₃O₉ → 12CO₂(g) + O₂(g) + 6N₂(g) + 10H₂O(g)
Amount of nitroglycerine = 227 g
Molar mass of nitroglycerine = 227 g/mol
Required:
Partial pressure of the water vapor
Solution:
Number of moles of nitroglycerine in the reaction = 1 mole
Therefore;
Number of moles of CO₂ = 12/4 = 3 moles
Number of moles of O₂ = 0.25 moles
Number of nitrogen, N = 1.5 moles
Number of moles of H₂O = 2.5 moles
[tex]Mole \ fraction \ of \ H_2O, \ X_{H_2O} = \dfrac{2.5}{2.5 + 1.5 + 0.25 + 3} = \dfrac{10}{29}[/tex]
According to Raoults law, we have;
The partial pressure of H₂O = [tex]X_{H_2O} \times P_[/tex]
Therefore, partial pressure of H₂O = [tex]\dfrac{10}{29} \times 58[/tex] = 20 atm.
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A gas in an engine cylinder expands from a volume of 10.0 L to 15.0 L against an external pressure of 1 atm and the system absorbs 300 J of heat in the process. Determine the work done by the system and the change in the system's internal energy, both in joules. Use this conversion scale to calculate the work done in joules: 1 L * atm
Answer: The work done by the system is -506.5 Joules and change in the system's internal energy is -206.5 Joules
Explanation:
According to first law of thermodynamics:
[tex]\Delta E=q+w[/tex]
[tex]\Delta E[/tex]=Change in internal energy
q = heat absorbed or released
w = work done or by the system
w = work done by the system= [tex]-P\Delta V[/tex] {Work is done by the system as the final volume is greater than initial volume and is negative}
w =[tex]-1atm\times (15.0-10.0)L=-5.00Latm=-506.5Joules[/tex] {1Latm=101.3J}
q = +300J {Heat absorbed by the system is positive}
[tex]\Delta E=+300+(-506.5)=-206.5J[/tex]
Thus the work done by the system is -506.5 Joules and change in the system's internal energy is -206.5 Joules
The work done by the system during expansion is -506.625 joules, and the change in internal energy is 806.625 joules.
The work done by the system when a gas expands from a volume of 10.0 L to 15.0 L against an external pressure of 1 atm can be found using the formula work (W) = -pressure (P) × change in volume (ΔV). First, we need to convert the pressure to joules by using the conversion 1 L·atm = 101.325 J. The change in volume (ΔV) is 15.0 L - 10.0 L = 5.0 L. Thus, the work done by the system can be calculated as W = -(1 atm) × (5.0 L) × (101.325 J/L·atm) = -506.625 J.
The change in the internal energy (ΔU) of the system can be found using the first law of thermodynamics, which is ΔU = Q - W, where Q is the heat absorbed by the system. In this case, Q = +300 J and the work done by the system, W, is -506.625 J. Therefore, the change in internal energy is ΔU = 300 J - (-506.625 J) = 806.625 J.
Hydrogen peroxide decomposes spontaneously to yield water and oxygen gas according to the reaction equation 2h2o2(aq)⟶2h2o(l)+o2(g) the activation energy for this reaction is 75 kj·mol−1. the enzyme catalase, found in blood, lowers the activation energy to 8.0 kj·mol−1. at what temperature would the non-catalyzed reaction need to be run to have a rate equal to that of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction at 25 °c?
Answer:
the temperature of the non- catalyzed reaction is = 2793.75 K
Explanation:
The reaction of the spontaneous decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to give water and oxygen is given as:
[tex]2H_2O_{2(aq)} ----> 2H_{2(l)} + O_2_{(g)}[/tex]
The activation energy of non-catalyzed reaction [tex]E{a_1} = 75 kJ/mol[/tex]
The activation energy of metal catalyzed reaction [tex]E{a_2} = 8 kJ/mol[/tex]
The temperature of metal catalyzed reaction [tex]T_2 = 25^0C[/tex] = (25+273)K = 298 K
The rate constant of the non-catalyzed reaction can be expressed as:
[tex]k_1 = Ae^{{-Ea_1}/RT_1}[/tex] ----- equation (1)
The rate constant of the metal catalyzed reaction can be expressed as:
[tex]k_2 = Ae^{{-Ea_2}/RT_2}[/tex]
Then [tex]k_1 = k_2[/tex]
[tex]Ae^{{-Ea_1}/RT_1}=Ae^{{-Ea_2}/RT_2}[/tex]
[tex]e^{{-Ea_1}/RT_1}=e^{{-Ea_2}/RT_2}[/tex]
[tex]\frac{Ea_1}{RT_1}}=\frac{Ea_2}{RT_2}}[/tex]
[tex]T_1 = \frac{Ea_1*T_2}{Ea_2}[/tex]
[tex]T_1 = \frac{75*298}{8}[/tex]
[tex]\\T_1 = 2793.75 \ K\\[/tex]
Thus; the temperature of the non- catalyzed reaction is = 2793.75 K
At 7.0c the volume of a gas is 49 mL at the same pressure it’s volume is 74Ml at what temperature
Answer:
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Explanation:
no se ingles
The temperature at which the volume of the gas increases from 49 mL to 74 mL, keeping the pressure constant, is approximately 149.43 0C, calculated using Charles's Law.
The question involves the application of Charles's Law, which relates the volume of a gas to its temperature when the pressure and the amount of gas are held constant. To find the temperature at which the volume of gas increases from 49 mL to 74 mL, you need to set up a ratio using Charles's Law, which is V1/T1 = V2/T2, where T is in Kelvin. Make sure to convert Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15.
First, we'll convert the initial temperature from Celsius to Kelvin: T1 = 7.0 + 273.15 = 280.15 K. Next, we'll use the volumes provided (V1 = 49 mL and V2 = 74 mL) to find the final temperature, T2.
By re-arranging Charles's Law, we get T2 = (V2 × T1) / V1. Plugging the values in, T2 = (74 mL × 280.15 K) / 49 mL = 422.58 K. To present this temperature in Celsius, subtract 273.15 from it: T2 = 422.58 K - 273.15 = 149.43 °C.
Therefore, the temperature at which the volume of gas is 74 mL is approximately 149.43 °C.
Uranium-235 has a half-life of 710 million years. If it is determined that a certain amount of stored U-235 will be considered safe only when its radioactivity has dropped to 0.10 percent of the original level, approximately how much time must the U-235 be stored securely to be safe?
(A) 7.1 x 10^6 years
(B) 7.1 x 10^7 years
(C) 7.1 x 10^8 years
(D) 7.1 x 10^9 years
(E) 7.1 x 10^10 years
Answer:
7.1 × 10⁹ years (D)
Explanation:
half life of the Uranium-235 = 710 million years
to find the time it will take for the U-235 need to be stored securely to be safe
taken the full percent = 100
100 / 2ⁿ = 0.1 where n is number of half-life it has undergone
100 / 0.1 = 2ⁿ
1000 = 2ⁿ
take log of both side
log 1000 / log 2 = n
n = 9.967 number of half-lives
the number of years it will take = 710 million × 9.967 number of half-lives = 7075.7 × 10⁶ years approx 7.1 × 10⁹ years
The correct option is D. [tex]7.1 \times 10^9 years[/tex]
The calculation is as follows:[tex]100 \div 2^n = 0.1[/tex]
here n is number of half-lives it has undergone
[tex]100 \div 0.1 = 2^n\\\\1000 = 2^n[/tex]
Now
take log of both side
[tex]log 1000 \div log 2[/tex] = n
n = 9.967 number of half-lives
Now
the number of years it will take should be
[tex]= 710\ million \times 9.967 \\\\= 7075.7 \times 10^6 \\\\= 7.1 \times 10^9 years[/tex]
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Answer:
see explanation
Explanation:
Using the periodic table, look at the top of each column => These are group numbers ... Typically (for american tables) the numbers are divided into A-Groups and B-Groups... For this post, you need to focus on the A-Groups, or 'Main Group Elements'... Now, the numbers also represent the number of valence (outer shell) electrons in the elements listed below that number. For example, under Group IA, all elements ( H, Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs & F) all have one (1) outer shell electron. All elements under IIA have two outer shell electrons, IIIA, 3 outer shell electrons and so on. The exception is Helium (He) which has only 2 outer shell electrons and is typically listed under Group VIIIA.
So ...
X· => H, Li & Na
X: => He(noble gas exception), Be & Mg
·X: => B & Al
:X: => C & Si
X(5 dots) => N
X(6 dots) => O
X(7 dots) => F & I
X(8 dots) => Ne
An ionic compound has a solubility of 30 g per 100 mL of water at room temperature. A solution containing 70 g of the compound in 300 mL of water at the same temperature is:
A. unsaturated.
B. saturated.
C. a suspension.
D. supersaturated.
Answer: A. unsaturated.
Explanation:
Unsaturated solution is defined as the solution in which more solute particles can be dissolved in the solvent.
Saturated solution is defined as the solution in which no more solute particles can be dissolved in the solvent.
Supersaturated solution is defined as the solution in which more amount of solute particles is present than the solvent particles.
Given: Solubility = 30g/100ml
If 100 ml can dissolve ionic compound = 30 g
300 ml can dissolve ionic compound =[tex]\frac{30}{100}\times 300=90g[/tex]
Thus solubility is 90g/300 ml and dissolved salt is only 70 g , the solution is said to be unsaturated.
Final answer:
When 70 g of an ionic compound is dissolved in 300 mL of water, which is less than the 90 g required to saturate it, the solution is considered unsaturated.
Explanation:
The solubility of an ionic compound is given as 30 g per 100 mL of water at room temperature. If a solution contains 70 g of the compound in 300 mL of water at the same temperature, we need to determine whether the solution is unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated.
To do this, we calculate the amount of compound that would saturate 300 mL of water, which would be 3 times the solubility in 100 mL of water:
30 g/100 mL x 3 = 90 g/300 mL
Since the solution has only 70 g in 300 mL of water, which is less than the 90 g needed to saturate it, the solution is unsaturated.
What does pH measure? number of hydrogen atoms in an acid number of hydroxide atoms in a base concentration of hydrogen ions in solution concentration of hydroxide ions in solution
Answer:
Concentration of hydrogen ions in solution
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Final answer:
pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution and indicates its acidity or basicity. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, with lower values being acidic and higher values alkaline. The pH value represents the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.
Explanation:
pH measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. In pure water, a small percentage of water molecules dissociate into equal numbers of hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH−), which is a source of hydrogen ions in solutions. The pH scale, which ranges from 0 to 14, determines a solution's acidity or basicity; a pH less than 7 indicates acidity, greater than 7 indicates alkalinity, and a pH of 7 is neutral. The pH value is a negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration, meaning that each whole number on the pH scale represents a tenfold increase or decrease in hydrogen ion concentration.
The pH of a solution provides a quick way to determine its acidity or basicity. High concentrations of hydrogen ions yield a low pH, whereas low concentrations result in a high pH. The relative acidity or alkalinity of a solution can significantly impact various chemical and biological processes, making pH an essential parameter in science and various industries.