The expected parameters in Stratopause are; Temperature: -15 degrees Celsius, Pressure: 1 milibar and Water vapor concentration: cannot be determined.
Explanation:
"Stratopause" is the interaction between the ionosphere and the stratosphere. It is 50-55 km high above the earth surface that is why temperature is very less approximately -15 degrees Celsius (5 degrees Fahrenheit). As it is a thin layer separating the stratosphere and ionosphere actual water vapor concentration cannot be determined. The atmospheric pressure is around 1/1000 of the pressure at sea level.
Final answer:
The stratopause, located at about 50 km above Earth, has a constant temperature close to 0°C, low pressure, and very low water vapor concentration due to the absence of conditions that support water in other phases.
Explanation:
In the stratopause, which is the boundary layer between the stratosphere and the mesosphere located approximately 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface, one could expect to see a fairly constant temperature sufficing approximately at 0°C or 273.16 K. The temperature increases slightly in the stratosphere because it is heated from below by the absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone.
The pressure and density are much lower than at the Earth's surface due to the height in the atmosphere, and because the temperature is constant, pressure and density decrease together as altitude increases. In the stratosphere, there is almost no water vapor, much less than in the troposphere, so the concentration of water vapor in the stratopause would be very low. This is because the atmosphere's temperature at this layer does not support the presence of much water vapor, which would predominantly be in gaseous form if present.
I need the answers to all three questions pls:
8. As a sulfur atom gains electrons, its radius
A) decreases
B) increases
C) remains the same
9. Which element forms an ion larger than its atom?
A) Na B) Ne C) Ba D) Br
10. Which of the following particles has the smallest
radius?
A) Na B) K° C) Na+ D) K+
Answer:
Explanation:
8) As a sulfur atom gains electrons, its radius
A) decreases
B) increases
C) remains the same
Answer:
Increases
Explanation:
when an atom form ion its atomic radius changed from neutral atomic radius.
if the atom form cation its atomic radius is smaller than neutral atomic radius.
If atom form anion its anionic radius is larger than the neutral atomic radius.
The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii while in case of anion electron is added and size increase.
when sulfur gain electrons it form anion that's why its radius increases.
9) Which element forms an ion larger than its atom?
A) Na B) Ne C) Ba D) Br
Answer;
Br
Explanation:
when an atom form ion its atomic radius changed from neutral atomic radius.
if the atom form cation its atomic radius is smaller than neutral atomic radius.
If atom form anion its anionic radius is larger than the neutral atomic radius.
The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii while in case of anion electron is added and size increase.
In given list of elements sodium and barium form cation while bromine form anion.
That's why anion of bromine is larger than atom.
while neon is inert it cannot form ion.
10. Which of the following particles has the smallest
radius?
A) Na B) K° C) Na+ D) K+
Answer:
Na⁺
Explanation:
Atomic radii trend along group:
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased .
Sodium and potassium are present in group one. Sodium is present in period three while potassium is present in period four. So atomic size of sodium is smaller and when it form the cation its cation is smaller than its atom because of losing of electron.The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii
4. A friend says cells do nothing during
interphase. Do you agree or disagree?
Explain why.
Answer:
disagree
Explanation:
the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.
Answer:
I disagree
Explanation:
There are 3 stages in INTERPHASE:
1) G1 (Gap 1)
2) S (DNA SYNTHESIS)
3) G2 (Gap 2)
1) G1 (Gap 1)
-all life processes are active and happening in the cell (MRS NERG)
-this is causing the cell to GROW in size
-also where more organells and proteins are made
2) S (DNA SYNTHESIS)
- the cell duplicates DNA so that the daughter cells hich it will divide into in mitosis will have each of its DNS
-energy is also save up in ATP (excess energy from respiration will be used for dividing in MITOSIS)
3) G2 (GAP 2)
- This is a CONTROL CHECKPOINT (where the cell checks for repairs which are fixed by the cell itself)
THAT'S IT (I GUESS)
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What are the 2 products of photosynthesis
Final answer:
The 2 products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. Glucose acts as the food source for plants, while oxygen is a waste product necessary for animal life.
Explanation:
The 2 products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. Glucose is the main product, which is a sugar that acts as the food source for plants. Oxygen is a waste product that is released into the atmosphere and is necessary for animal life to survive. Without photosynthetic organisms like plants, there wouldn't be enough oxygen in the atmosphere for animals to breathe.
In general, what is the effect of the number of energy levels on the radius of an atom
Answer:
The number of energy levels increased atomic radius also goes to increase.
Explanation:
Atomic radius trend along period.
As we move from left to right across the periodic table the number of valance electrons in an atom increase. The atomic size tend to decrease in same period of periodic table because the electrons are added with in the same shell. When the electron are added, at the same time protons are also added in the nucleus. The positive charge is going to increase and this charge is greater in effect than the charge of electrons. This effect lead to the greater nuclear attraction. The electrons are pull towards the nucleus and valance shell get closer to the nucleus. As a result of this greater nuclear attraction atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases because it is very difficult to remove the electron from atom and more energy is required.
Atomic radii trend along group:
As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next energy level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased.
The number of energy levels in an atom affects its radius. Moving down a group increases the energy levels and atomic radius, while moving across a period increases the effective nuclear charge and decreases the atomic radius.
Explanation:The number of energy levels in an atom has an effect on its radius. As we move down a group in the periodic table, the number of energy levels increases, leading to an increase in the atomic radius. As we move across a period, the number of energy levels remains the same, but the effective nuclear charge experienced by the electrons increases. This causes the electrons to be pulled in tighter to the nucleus and results in a decrease in the atomic radius.
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A 25.0 mL sample of H3PO4 requires 50.0 mL of 1.50 M NaOH for complete neutralization. What is the molarity of the acid?
Answer:
The molarity of acid is 3 M.
Explanation:
Given data:
Volume of H₃PO₄ = 25 mL
Volume of NaOH = 50 mL
Molarity of NaOH = 1.50 M
Molarity of H₃PO₄ = ?
Solution:
Formula:
M₁V₁ = M₂V₂
M₁ = M₂V₂ / V₁
M₁ = 1.50 M ×50 mL / 25 mL
M₁ = 75 M. mL / 25 mL
M₁ = 3 M
The molarity of acid is 3 M.
To determine the molarity of the acid, we can use the mole ratio between H3PO4 and NaOH in the neutralization reaction. By calculating the moles of NaOH used and using the mole ratio, we can find the moles of H3PO4. Finally, dividing the moles of H3PO4 by the volume of the sample gives us the molarity of the acid, which is 9.00 M.
Explanation:In order to determine the molarity of the acid, we will use the equation:
H3PO4(aq) + 3NaOH(aq) → Na3PO4(aq) + 3H2O(l)
From the equation, we can see that the mole ratio between H3PO4 and NaOH is 1:3. Since 50.0 mL of 1.50 M NaOH was required to neutralize the 25.0 mL sample of H3PO4, we can calculate the moles of NaOH used:
Moles of NaOH = 1.50 M x 0.0500 L = 0.0750 mol
Since the mole ratio between H3PO4 and NaOH is 1:3, we can calculate the moles of H3PO4:
Moles of H3PO4 = 3 x 0.0750 mol = 0.225 mol
Finally, we can calculate the molarity of the acid by dividing the moles of H3PO4 by the volume of the sample:
Molarity = Moles/Volume = 0.225 mol/0.0250 L = 9.00 M
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Balance the chemical equation below using the smallest possible whole number stoichiometric coefficients. C(s) + H2(g) --> C2H6(g)?
Answer:
2C(s) + 3H2(g) --> C2H6(g)
Answer: 2C(s) + 3H2(g) = C2H6(g)
Explanation:
In balancing chemical equations, the reactant must be equal to the product. I.e law of conservation of matter must hold.
2 moles of carbon would react with 3 moles of hydrogen to give 1 mole of methane
2C(s) + 3H2(g) = C2H6(g)
this means that if there are 15.0 g of starting chemicals, also known as
Answer:
Reactants
Explanation:
"Starting chemicals", the substances present before a reaction occurs, are called reactants.
The results of the reaction are called products, which you would also have 15.0g.
Three examples why cell division is important
Answer:
Cell division is important for growth,maintenance of proper chromosome number,wound healing
Explanation:
1 Cell division results in the formation of new cells which further undergo division to form new cells and so forth.Thus many cells are formed which are organized in tissues.Tissues then builds up organs and a number of organs builds up total body.
2 Cell division helps to maintain its chromosome number within the newly formed daughter cells.
3 Division of cells result in the formation of new cells in the site of wound and this accumalation of new cells in the wound region replace damaged and dead cells thus ultimately results in wound healing.
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Half equation for zinc atoms changing into zinc ions
Answer:
Zn(s) -> Zn2+(aq) + 2e
Explanation:
Zinc atoms = no charge
Zinc ions = +ve charge
The process of half equation for zinc is called oxidation .
(oxidation means loss of electrons)
Which reaction is a decomposition reaction?
Answer:
See the answer below , please.
Explanation:
In a decomposition reaction, a certain compound is "broken" to give two or more different products.
An example for compound AB, giving as products A and B:
AB -> A + B
In the case of water:
2H20 -> 2H2 + 02, water decomposes giving Hydrogen and Oxygen
Answer:
The answer is 2 KClO₃ → 2 KCl + 3 O₂
Explanation:
In a decomposition reaction, a single substance decomposes, producing two or more different substances. That is, two or more substances are formed in this type of reactions from a compound. The atoms that form a compound are separated to give the products according to the formula:
AB → A + B
This type of reactions can occur spontaneously or caused by certain external factors that promote the breakdown of the molecule into simpler substances.
So in this case 2 KClO₃ → 2 KCl + 3 O₂ is a decomposition reaction. Potassium chlorate decomposes to give potassium chloride and oxygen gas as a product.
A diamond is made of pure carbon. A 1.6-cm³ sample of diamond has a mass of 5.6 g.what is the density of carbon?
Answer:
d = 3.5 g/cm³
Explanation:
Density:
Density is equal to the mass of substance divided by its volume.
Units:
SI unit of density is Kg/m3.
Other units are given below,
g/cm3, g/mL , kg/L
Formula:
D=m/v
D= density
m=mass
V=volume
Symbol:
The symbol used for density is called rho. It is represented by ρ. However letter D can also be used to represent the density.
Given data:
Mass of diamond = 5.6 g
Volume = 1.6 cm³
Density = ?
Solution:
d = m/v
d = 5.6 g/ 1.6 cm³
d = 3.5 g/cm³
Guys, why is aluminum used for making aerocrafts and cooking pots?
Answer:
Aluminium alloys are used extensively in aircraft due to their high strength-to-weight ratio.
Explanation:
Answer:because it is light and cheap
Explanation:
If you multiply an object's weight by its height, what value do you compute?
A. total momentum
B. gravitational potential energy
C. kinetic energy
D. nonconservative energy
During an experiment a student measured the temperature of water while it boiled in a pot on a stove. The temperature of the water stayed at 100°C during the entire time that the water was boiling.
Answer:
c,interpretation of the data
Explanation:
A good scientific explanation needs to be based on both data collected in an investigation and on the ability to interpret what the data means.
Normally, adding heat energy increases the temperature of a substance. However, during a phase change, the temperature of the substance stays constant. This happens because the heat energy is being used to change the phase of the matter instead of the temperature.
Answer:
The temperature of the water stayed at [tex]100^{0} C[/tex] because the temperature of a pure water does not increase at its boiling point, [tex]100^{0} C[/tex]. This is due to latent heat of vaporisation.
Explanation:
During a change of state of a substance, the temperature does not change due to latent heat of the substance. Latent heat is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a substance from one state to another without a change in its temperature. There are two types of latent heat, latent heat of fusion anf latent heat of vaporisation.
So during the experiment, the water got to its boiling point and continues to boil at this constant temperature until it would change completely to steam at that temperature. After the conversion process, the temperature begins to increase.
The latent heat of vaporisation came into action during the process of boiling the water at constant temperature. That's why the temperature of the water did not increase even after reaching its boiling point ([tex]100^{0} C[/tex] ).
In an ionic crystal, these attract each other.
a. negative ions
b. positive and negative atoms
c. positive and negative ions
d. positive ions
C
Ionic crystals are made from ions that are bonded together by ionic bonds. An example is salt crystals that are made of sodium and chloride ions.
Explanation:
An ionic bond is formed when one atom donates electrons to another atom so they both attain stable electron configuration. The two atoms are then bound by their acquired charges. For example sodium atom2.8.1) donates its valence electrons to chlorine atom (2.8.7). They both achieve stable electron configuration of 2.8 and 2.8,8 respectively. Because sodium ion will now have a positive charge (because it has more protons than electrons) and chloride ion will have a negative charge because it has more electrons than protons, the two are bonded together electrostatically forming ionic bonds.
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What is the base ionization constant expression for ammonia?
The base ionization constant expression for ammonia is represented as NH3(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH¯(aq). The ionization constant, Kb, can be calculated using the formula Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3]. This is important for understanding ammonia's behavior in various reactions and solutions.
Explanation:The base ionization constant expression for ammonia (NH3), a weak base, is represented as follows: NH3(aq) + H₂O(l) ⇌ NH4+(aq) + OH¯(aq). In this case, the equilibrium of the ionization reaction of ammonia with water results in an ammonium ion (NH4+) and a hydroxide ion (OH-).
The ionization constant for this base is denoted as Kb. The specific value of Kb for ammonia can be found in tables of ionization constants for weak bases or calculated using the formula Kb = [NH4+][OH-] / [NH3], where the square brackets denote the equilibrium concentrations of the respective species.
The ionization of ammonia in water is a fundamental concept in acid-base chemistry and is vital for understanding its behavior in various chemical reactions and solutions.
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If a wave has a wave height of 5 meters, in what depth of water would it begin to break?
Answer:
6.5 meters
Explanation:
Background Knowledge:
The most familiar example of breaking wave is the breaking of water surface waves on a coastline.
Explanation:
The process of Wave breaking in most of the cases occurs when the amplitude reaches the point that the crest of the wave actually overturns
Factors by which waves are produced:
Different type of waves are produced and varied according to different type of factors. These factors are
Wind direction
Type of swell
Sea floor features
Slope of sea bed
Direct answer of the question:
In general rule, Waves start to break on reaching a water depth of 1.3 times the wave height.
In this question wave height is 5 meters so wave breaks on
5 × 1.3 = 6.5 meters
Final answer:
Wave breaking occurs when a wave's particle velocity exceeds the velocity of the wave crest due to specific conditions. A wave with a height of 5 meters will start breaking when the depth of water decreases to a certain point. This understanding is vital for predicting wave behavior where it begins to break.
Explanation:
Wave breaking occurs when a wave's particle velocity exceeds the velocity of the wave crest, typically at a crest angle of about 120°.
In the case of a wave height of 5 meters, when the depth of water decreases to the point where the wave celerity is exceeded, the wave will begin to break.
Understanding the relationship between wave height, water depth, and wave-breaking is crucial in predicting where waves will start breaking.
The yeast acted as a catalyst. Explain the purpose of a catalyst in a reaction
Answer:
The catalyst speeds up the chemical reaction.
Explanation:
The process in which chemical reaction rate increases by addition of substance is termed as a catalyst. The chemical reaction happens faster when a catalyst is present because it gives an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy.
The catalyst usually forms a temporary intermediate that helps in regenerating the original catalyst in the cyclic process. Yeast when added in a mixture work as a catalyst and helps with chemical reaction.
According to collision theory, which species must collide for a chemical reaction to proceed?
reactants with activated complex
reactants only
products only
reactants and products
“Reactants” must "collide" for a "chemical reaction" to proceed.
Option: B
Explanation:
Collision theory explains why collision of reactant is primary stage for any "chemical reaction" to take place. According to it “rate of reaction is proportional to the rate of reactants collisions”. Orientation of reacting species during collision is important to result into product, where atoms are bonded together. Adequate amount of energy is compulsory to allow mutual penetration of reacting species valence shells for rearrangement of electrons and allow formation of new bonds. While activated complex (which is unstable species) formation is transition state of chemical reaction having very short life and mostly undetectable.
Answer:
reactants only
Explanation:
Which of these could be their own ecosystem? Please select ALL that apply.
Question 1 options:
A. An aquarium
B. The soil in a backyard
C. Lake Erie
D. A dead tree
I will mark you brainliest
Answer: Option A, B and C
Explanation:
An ecosystem can be defined as the place which can survive on its own. There are various types of biotic and abiotic components available in the ecosystem.
An aquarium, lake and soil in backyard can be a source of ecosystem because they all have biotic and abiotic components in themselves. An aquarium has water, small plants in them. they make food by the help of sunlight and some smaller fishes feed on them.
Soil also has small insects and large plants that live on their own without the need of anything outside that environment.
What causes the emission of radiant energy that produces characteristic spectral lines for a given element?
Answer:
When electrons move from a higher energy level to a lower one, photons are emitted, and an emission line can be seen in the spectrum. Absorption lines are seen when electrons absorb photons and move to higher energy levels. ... An atom in its lowest energy level is in the ground state.
In an emission spectrum when an electron moves from higher energy level to lower energy level it causes emission of radiant energy that produces characteristic spectral lines for a given element.
What is an emission spectrum?
Emission spectrum is defined as a spectrum of a chemical compound or substance composed of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. Radiations which are emitted while electron make transition from higher to lower energy level.
Energy of photon is equal to the difference between the two energy states . There are many possible electronic transitions in an atom and every transition has a specific wavelength.
Collection of different transitions with respect to different wavelengths makes up an emission spectrum.Emission spectrum of each element is unique and therefore spectroscopy is used to identify elements which are present in different substances.
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Please help!!
What is the reactant(s) in the chemical equation below?
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
A. 2Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2(aq)
B. 2Ag(s)
C. Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)
D. Cu(s)
Answer:
C ) Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)
Explanation:
A chemical reaction is represented by a chemical equation which show the reactant and products. Reactants are written on left side of arrow while products are written on right side. The number of atoms are remain same however arrangement of atoms is different on both side.
For example:
Cu(s) + 2AgNO3(aq) → 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
In this reaction Cu and AgNO3 are reactants while Ag and Cu(NO3)2 are products.The number of atoms are same on both side however arrangement of atoms is different.
Answer: A & C
Explanation:
Question 14(Multiple Choice Worth 5 points)
(01.03 LC)
Which of the following quantities for an object should be known to calculate its density?
The space it occupies
The heat present in it
O The force of gravity acting on the object
O How long it takes for an object to travel a certain distance
To calculate an object's density, you need to know its mass and volume. Mass measures the total quantity of matter, and volume measures the space it occupies. Density is found by dividing mass by volume.
Explanation:To calculate the density of an object, you need to know two specific quantities: mass and volume. Mass is a measure of the total quantity of matter in the object and is often measured in grams or kilograms. Volume, on the other hand, is a measure of the space occupied by the object, which can be measured in cubic centimeters, liters, or other units of volume. Density is then calculated by dividing the mass by the volume of the object. Therefore, knowing the space it occupies and the total quantity of matter is essential for calculating density.
the mass-to charge ratio of the proton is found to be
[tex]1.044 \times {10}^{ - 8} kgc[/tex]
the charge on the proton is
[tex]1.602 \times {10}^{ - 19} c[/tex]
calculate the mass of the proton?
Answer:
47 degrees
Explanation:
Answer:
47 degrees is your answer
When a plant is entering the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis_____.
A). light energy is required to proceed
B). light energy is not required to proceed
C). light energy and stored energy is required to proceed
D). light energy cannot be present to proceed
Answer:
The answer is B, light energy is not required to proceed
Explanation:
I got it right on my assignment
Answer:
light energy
Explanation:
Acid formulas can be distinguished from base formulas because acid formulas usually and base formulas .
A.
begin with hydrogen; pair a metal with a hydroxide ion
B.
begin with a nonmetal; pair a nonmetal with a hydoxide ion
C.
pair a metal with a hydrogen ion; begin with a nonmetal
D.
pair a metal with a hydroxide ion; begin with hydrogen
Answer:
A. begin with hydrogen; pair a metal with a hydroxide ion
Explanation:
Acid can be distinguished from base on the basis of formulas in such a way that acid formula start with hydrogen.
For example:
Hydrochloric acid is strong acid. Its formula is HCl.
It start with hydrogen
Sulfuric acid is acid. Its formula is H₂SO₄
it is also start with hydrogen.
Base:
Base is distinguish from acid in such a way that in base formula metal is pair with hydroxide ion.
For example:
Sodium hydroxide is base. Its formula is NaOH.
sodium is metal while OH is hydroxide ion.
Potassium hydroxide is base. its formula is KOH.
potassium is metal and OH is hydroxide ion.
What is the oxidation number of neon
Answer:
Electron Configuration and Oxidation States of Neon. Electron configuration of Neon is [He] 2s2 2p6. Possible oxidation states are 0. so the answer is 0.
Explanation:
Which statements best describe the motion of Car A
and Car B? Check all that apply
Car A and Car B are both moving toward the origin
Car A and Car B are moving in opposite directions
Car A is moving faster than Car B.
Car A and Car B started at the same location
Car A and Car B pass each other at the crossover
point on the graph
Answer:
Car A and Car B are moving in opposite directions.
Car A is moving faster than Car B.
Car A and Car B pass each other at the crossover point on the graph.
Explanation:
Just took did the assignment.
Answer:
Car A and Car B are moving in opposite directions.
Car A is moving faster than Car B.
Car A and Car B pass each other at the crossover point on the graph
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Match each of the unknown ions to its appropriate description.
1. Y3−
2. V2+
3. Z2−
4. X3+
a) A metal that lost two electrons
b) A metal that lost three electrons
c) A nonmetal that gained three electrons
d) A nonmetal that gained two electrons
Answer:
Y³⁻ A non metal that gained three electrons.
V²⁺ A metal that lost two electron
Z²⁻ A non metal that gained two electrons
X³⁺ A metal that lost three electrons
Explanation:
Metals lost the electrons and form cation
while non metals gain the electrons and form anion.
Y³⁻
c) A non metal that gained three electrons.
Non metal gain three electrons and form anion with the charge of -3.
V²⁺
a) A metal that lost two electron
A metal lost two electrons and form cation with charge of +2.
Z²⁻
d) A non metal that gained two electrons
A non metal that gained two electrons and form anion with charge of -2.
X³⁺
b) A metal that lost three electrons
A metal that lost three electrons and form cation with charge of +3.
Y³⁻ A non metal that gained three electrons.
V²⁺ A metal that lost two electron
Z²⁻ A non metal that gained two electrons
X³⁺ A metal that lost three electrons
Explain how an owl captures energy from the sun when it eats a mouse
Answer:
The mouse Eats plants that use the sun as a food source
Explanation:
An owl indirectly captures sun's energy by consuming a mouse, which has fed on plants that perform photosynthesis, illustrating energy transfer through a food chain.
Explanation:An owl captures energy from the sun indirectly by eating a mouse. This process begins with plants using photosynthesis to convert solar energy into chemical energy stored within carbohydrate molecules. A mouse then eats these plants, and the energy from the plants is used to fuel the mouse's body. When an owl eats the mouse, it obtains this energy and transforms it through biochemical reactions to sustain its own life processes. This sequence illustrates energy transfer through a food chain, with the sun as the original energy source.
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