When superiors providedirections to their subordinates regarding what to do, thisis

known as a type of____________________ communication.

o Upward

o Horizontal

o Downward

o Lateral

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Downward

Explanation:

Downward communication

When instructions/orders given from Superiors to Subordinates.The instruction can be via mail,oral or handbooks it can be of any form. Examples are shareholders instructing management,teacher ordering students to bring notebooks etc.  

Upward communication

When Information is sent bottom level to the upper levels in an organization.The information includes reports,judgments, estimations, propositions, complaints, appeals, etc  

Lateral communication/Horizontal communication

When same hierarchical levels shares idea or information with each other for coordinating, fulfilling a common purpose or goal.It doesn't involve sharing information with up or down levels in organization.


Related Questions

True or False and WHY:
Constructors can have names different from theirclasses.

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Constructors have to have the same name as their classes for proper syntax, if their names are different it will result in an error. Methods contained within the class can/should have different names, it is allowed because methods require return types while constructors cannot have return types.

Why we called COBOL as a professional language and not ataught language.(

Answers

Answer:

COBOL(Common Business-Oriented Language)

COBOL was designed in industries such as finance and human resources for business computer programs. COBOL uses English syntax which make it easier for ordinary business users to understand computer programming languages.

COBOL is used to develop applications for businesses. We can say it is not a taught language because we don't learn it as teaching tool ,we use it in practical applications.

Why do we need the binary system?

Answers

Answer:

We need to have binary numbers because that is how computers process data.

Explanation:

Please briefly describe your QA / testing process?

Answers

Answer: The QA/Testing process consist of the following:

1. Requirement specification

2. Reviewing the code.

3. Unit testing

4. Integration test

5. Performance testing

Explanation:

We start of by the requirement specification try to gather all the information accurately. Then begins the coding process where there is review of the code so that they perform their desired purpose. After modules are completed we perform unit testing of the different modules individually and also do the integration testing once all the modules are completed. At the end we perform the performance testing to take a note on their desired output and other quality parameters.

Data Analysis The Iris Plants Database contains 3 classes of 50 instances each, where each class refers to a type of Iris plant. Five attributes/features were collected for each plant instance. 1. Implement an algorithm to read in the Iris dataset.

Answers

Answer:

35

Explanation:

A while loop is somewhat limited, because the counter can only be incremented by one each time through the loop.



True False

Answers

Answer:

False

Explanation:

In a while loop we can increment the counter by any number that we wish. It is not that the counter can only be incremented by one each time through the loop.

Below is an example of a while loop with counter incremented by 5 each time.

int count=0;    //initialize count to 0

while(count<50){    //continue the loop till count is lesser than 50

  cout<<count;   //display the value of count

  count = count + 5;    //increment counter by 5 each time

}

Final answer:

The statement is false; a while loop can increment a counter by any amount based on the code within the loop's body.

Explanation:

The statement that a while loop is limited because the counter can only be incremented by one each time through the loop is false. In programming, a while loop can be used to increment or alter a counter variable by any amount, as dictated by the statements within the loop's body. The control of a while loop is based on a condition, and as long as the condition remains true, the loop will continue to execute.

For example:

int counter = 0;
while (counter < 10) {
   counter += 2; // Increment counter by 2
}

In this example, the counter variable starts at 0 and increases by 2 on each iteration of the loop. You can increment the counter by any number, or even apply other operations to change its value in complex ways.

. Where is the bootstrap program usually located?

Answers

Answer and Explanation:

The bootstarp loader is also know as bootstrapping a bootstrap loader is usually located in EPROM (erasable programmable read only memory). It is a non volatile memory. The booststrap loader is automatically exicuted by the processor when we turn on the computer.Non volatile memory is that memory in which retain their content even when the power is swithed off.

Answer: Bootstrap program is generally found in the ROM (read only memory) else EEPROM (Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory)

Explanation:Bootstrap loader or program is referred as the program that gets into action or execution when there is the rebooting process in the operating system and it initializes it. It is usually located in EEPROM of the system. After the restarting of the computer system , all the loaded data gets transferred into the RAM(Random access memory).

The height of building A is 210 m and the height of building B is 350 m. The two are 240 m away from each other. How long should a ladder be for a person to go from the top of A to the top of B.

Answers

Answer:

The length of the ladder should be 277.85 meters long

Explanation:

Great question, it is always good to ask away and get rid of any doubts that you may be having.

I have created an illustration and attached it as a photo below to better help you understand the situation. As seen on the illustration the difference in height of Building B from Building A is,

[tex]350m-210m = 140m[/tex]

Now that we have the difference we need to find the length of the ladder which is the hypotenuse between the two buildings. We can calculate this by using the Pythagorean theorem which is the following

[tex]h^{2} = a^{2} +b^{2}[/tex]

Now we can plug in the values and solve for the hypotenuse (h)

[tex]h^{2} = 240^{2} +140^{2}[/tex]

[tex]h^{2} = 57,600 +19,600[/tex]

[tex]h^{2} = 77,200[/tex] ... square root of 77,200

[tex]h = 277.85m[/tex] .... rounded up

Therefore, the length of the ladder should be 277.85 meters long

I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.

Create a Java static method named getAverageOfFours that takes an array of integers as a parameter and returns the average of the values in the array that are evenly divisible by 4. Your method must work for an int array of any size. Example: If the array contains [10, 48, 16, 99, 84, 85], the method would return 49.33333.

Answers

Answer:

public class average{

   

   public static float getAverageOfFours(int[] arr){

       

       int n = arr.length;

       float sum = 0;

       int count=0;

       for(int i=0;i<n;i++){

           if(arr[i]%4==0){

               sum = sum+arr[i];

               count++;

           }

       }

       float avg = sum/count;

       return avg;

       

   }

    public static void main(String []args){

       

        int[] array = {10, 48, 16, 99, 84, 85};

       

        float result = getAverageOfFours(array);

        System.out.println("The average is "+result);

    }

}

Explanation:

Create the function with one parameter and return type is float.

Declare the variable and store the size of array. Take a for loop for traversing in the array and and check the element is divisible by 4 or not by using if statement. If condition true take the sum and increment the count.

This process continue until the condition is true.

finally take the average and return it.

Create the main function for calling the function with pass the array as argument and also define the array.

After that print the result return by the function.

What is the comment marker in Python? ("character marker" means the sequence of characters that indicates the beginning of a comment.)

Answers

Answer:

The # marker is used to mark a line comment in python.

Explanation:

The line that starts with # is a comment.Python will ignore the lines that starts with #.These comments can be used to add extra information in the python code.

For example:-

Following is the python code with comments.

names=['sam','optimus','bumblebee'] #names is the list of transformers characters.

for i in names:

     print(i)  #printing the names.

There are 2 comments in the python code written above.These are ignored by python.

Memory cache is referred to as ______. A. SRAM c. SROM b. DRAM d. DROM

Answers

Answer:

Answer is A. SRAM

Explanation:

Memory cache is called static RAM.

A ____ is a text document written in HTML.
Answer
Web browser
Web page
Web server
Web site

Answers

Answer:

Web page

Explanation:

A Web page represents content formatted in HyperText Markup Language ( HTML). Web Browsers like internet explorer,firefox or google chrome can interpret this content and display the page as specified in the markup. If we access any webpage on the browser and view its source we can see the HTML content underlying the webpage.

.Compositionally designed systems have the followingcharacteristics except:
A.dynamic definition B.classes built from componentclasses C.encapsulation D.white-box reuse

Answers

Answer: C) encapsulation

Explanation:

 As, encapsulation is the process by which the data is included from the protocol of the upper layer into lower layer of the protocol in the computer networking. Basically, in the networking it is the method of abstraction, as it allowed different functions by adding different layer. In encapsulation, the IP encapsulated packet are sent over the data link layers protocol for example ethernet.

Which would be the best user error message?

A) Invalid Parameter
B) You must type a user name to continue.
C) You enter a user name to continue.
D) Gotcha! Type in a your user name.
E) Point the cursor on the user name and type one, please.

Answers

Answer: B. You must type a username to continue.

Explanation: "you must type a username to continue" is the most suitable error message of all the options given because it is the appropriate way and user-friendly approach to the user for correcting the error as compared to other options which consist of inappropriate words ,slang language or lengthy message which is not easily understood by the user.

If the list above is named list1 and is implemented as a list, whatstatement would you use to find the number ofelements?list1.size()list1.numElementslist1.lengthlist1.contains

Answers

Answer:

list1.size()

Explanation:

In order to find the number of elements in a List , we can use the size() method defined in the java.util.List interface.

This method returns an integer which corresponds to the number of elements in the list.

The usage syntax example is as follows:

int num = list1.size();

If the list referenced by list1 contains 6 elements, then this method will return the value 6.

Write a for loop to print all elements in courseGrades, following each element with a space (including the last). Print forwards, then backwards. End each loop with a newline. Ex: If courseGrades = {7, 9, 11, 10}, print: 7 9 11 10 10 11 9 7

Answers

Answer:

JAVA program to display the array elements both forward and backward is given.

public class MyProgram {

   public static void main(String args[]) {    

     int len = 5;

     int[] courseGrades = new int[len];      

     courseGrades[0] = 7;

     courseGrades[1] = 10;

     courseGrades[2] = 11;

     courseGrades[3] = 9;

     courseGrades[4] = 10;      

     System.out.println("The elements of array are ");

     for(int i=0; i<len; i++)

     {

         System.out.print(courseGrades[i]+" ");

     }  

// new line is inserted    

     System.out.println();      

     System.out.println("The elements of array backwards are ");

     for(int i=len-1; i>=0; i--)

     {

       // elements of array printed backwards beginning from last element

       System.out.print(courseGrades[i]+" ");

     }

// new line is inserted    

     System.out.println();  

   }

}

OUTPUT

The elements of array are  

7 10 11 9 10  

The elements of array backwards are  

10 9 11 10 7  

 

Explanation:

This program uses for loop to display the array elements.

The length of the array is determined by an integer variable, len.

The len variable is declared and initialized to 5.

int len = 5;

The array of integers is declared and initialized as given.

int[] courseGrades = new int[len];

We take the array elements from the question and initialize them manually.

First, we print array elements in sequence using for loop.

for(int i=0; i<len; i++)

To display in sequence, we begin with first element which lies at index 0. The consecutive elements are displayed by incrementing the value of variable i.

The array element is displayed followed by space.

System.out.print(courseGrades[i]+" ");

Next, we print array elements in reverse sequence using another for loop.

for(int i=len-1; i>=0; i--)

To display in reverse sequence, the last element is displayed first. The previous elements are displayed by decrementing the value of variable i.

At the end of each for loop, new line is inserted as shown.

System.out.println();

The length and elements of the array are initialized manually and can be changed for testing the program.

Loops are used to perform operations that would be repeated in a certain number of times; in other words, loops are used to perform repetitive and iterative operations

The loop statements are as follows:

for(int i = 0; i<sizeof(courseGrades)/sizeof(courseGrades[0]);i++){

       cout<<courseGrades[i]<<" ";

   }

cout<<endl;

   for(int i=sizeof(courseGrades)/sizeof(courseGrades[0]) - 1; i >=0; i--){

       cout<<courseGrades[i]<<" ";

   }

cout<<endl;

The flow of the above loops is as follows

The first for loop prints the elements in a forward order.The second for loop prints the elements in a backward order.

Read more about loops at:

https://brainly.com/question/11857356

Which of the following is the correctsyntax for commenting in Java?# Enter CommentsHere/* EnterComments Here*/** Enter CommentsHere **

Answers

Answer:

/* EnterComments Here*/

Explanation:

/* EnterComments Here*/   is the right syntax for comments in java.

we can use double farword slash (//)  for single line comment and for mutliple line we can use /* comments here */ and for documentation comment we use below syntax-

/**

*

*

*/

Briefly explain the key points(including benefits/drawbacks) about the Water Fall life-cycle
model.

Answers

Answer:

The water fall life cycle model is explained as:

The waterfall life cycle model is defined as a sequential designed process in which progress are flowing steadily downwards through the process of analysis, design, testing and maintenance. It is the process of managing the development when something is complex.

Benefits:

It is a top down approach which breaks the tasks into a series of necessary goals that can important in the development process.Easy to maintain and use this approach. It can be easy to manage each phase has specific outputs and review process.

Drawbacks:

It takes a lot of time to properly document a system.The requirements cannot be changed in any phase.Risk and uncertainty are higher in this case.

An abstract method ____.

is any method inthe abstract class
cannot beinherited
has nobody
is found in asubclass and overrides methods in a superclass using the reservedword abstract

Answers

Answer:

has no body.

Explanation:

An abstract method is a method which has no body.

It is contained in a class which is marked as abstract.

The implementation of such method is specified in a subclass.

For example:

//abstract class

abstract class myClass{

  /* Abstract method */  

  public abstract void mymethod(int a, int b);

}

//Concrete class extending abstract class

class Concrete extends myClass{

  public void mymethod(int a, int b){

return a+b;

  }

}

DASD stands for ____________? Direct access storage device? Direct application storage device? Diverse access storage device

Answers

Direct Access Storage Device

Answer:

Direct access storage device.

Explanation:

DASD stands for direct access storage device.

Which method(s) must a serializable class, implement?
? It must always implement both readObject andwriteObject

? It must implement either readObject orwriteObject, or both, depending upon the

desired behavior

? No Need to implement any methods

? None of the given option is correct

Answers

Answer: None of the given option is correct

Explanation:

A serializable class is implemented, when an object is serializable interface. If you want to serialize one of your classes, then the class must implemented in the Serializable interface. To implement the serializable interface, convert a class into the series of bytes and when serializable object might reference your class. Serializable classes are useful when you wanted to persist cases of the class or send them over wire.

Assuming deq is a deque object, the expression deq.push_front(elem) deletes the first element from deq.

True

False

Answers

Answer: False

Explanation:

This code code not deletes element from deq. This insert element at the beginning of deq. if it was deq.pop_front(elem) then it would have deleted the first element.

Therefore, it is false.

The collection of all component frequencies iscalled _____________

a. Frequency Spectrum

b. Bandwidth

c. Throughput

d. None of the given

Answers

Answer:

The answer is Frequency Spectrum.

Explanation:

The frequency spectrum is range of all component frequencies.It contains all the waves which are as following:-

Gamma Rays

X-Rays

Ultraviolet

Visible light.

Infrared

Micro wave

Radio wave

These all waves have their range of frequencies.The waves that are visible to us is only the visible light.

How to write a Cprogram to print all the prime numbers between 1and n where n is the value supplied by the users.

Answers

Answer:

#include <stdio.h>

int main()

{

   int i, j, n, prime;

   printf("Enter till where we want to find prime number: ");

   scanf("%d", &n);

   for(i=2; i<=n; i++)

   {

       prime = 1;  

       for(j=2; j<=i/2; j++)

       {

         

           if(i%j==0)

           {

               prime = 0;

               break;

           }

       }

       if(prime==1)

       {

           printf("%d, ", i);

       }

   }

   return 0;

Explanation:

A number  which is divisible by 1 and itself is called prime number. Here in the program we start by taking number from 1 to n , where n is the last number till which we are required to find prime numbers. Then we start the loop by taking two for loops one for running the numbers from 1 to n and the inner for loop to check whether the number is divisible other than 1 and itself. We take the current number as prime =1. If the number is still not divisible by number other than 1 and itself we consider that number to be prime and print it.

Mergesort uses the divide-and-conquer technique to sort a list.

True

False

Answers

Answer:

True: Merge Sort sorts a list using divide-conquer approach.

Merge_Sort(B,p,n)  //p is the starting index of array B and n is the last index.

1. if(p<n)

2.        q ← (p+n)/2    //divides the list into two sub-lists

2.        Merge_Sort(B, p, q) //sorts the left half

3.        Merge_Sort(B, q+1, n) //sorts the right half.

4.        Merge(B, p, q, n)

Merge(B, p, q, n)

1.l ← q-p+1.  //no. of elements in left half

2.m ← n-q  //no. of elements in right half.

3.for x ← 1 to l

4.      Left[x] = B[p+x -1] //The elements of left half are copied to Left array

5.for y ← 1 to m.

6.      Right[y]= B[q+y]  //The elements of right half are copied to right array

7. x ← 1, y ←1

8.for z ← p to n.

9.      if( Left[x] ≤ Right[y] ) // to merge the two lists Left and Right, the    //elements are compared.

10.     {   A[z] ← Left[x]   //smaller one comes to the merged list.

11.          x++. }

12.    else

13.      {   A[z] ← Right[y]

14.          y++ }

Explanation:

The Merge_Sort(A, p, n) algorithm first divides the whole array into two halves. Then again divides the sub-lists into it's halves and so on.

Then using merge algorithm it compares the elements of both halves one by one and keep it in sorted order.

Write the sum of products, the canonical product of sums, theminterm shorthand and the maxterm shorthand for the following:

F(A,B,C) = A'B'+ AB'C + A'B'C'

Answers

Answer:

SOP=AB'+B'C

POS=B'(A'+C)

Shorthand Minterms=m₀+m₁+m₅

Shorthand Maxterms=M₃+M₂+M₄+M₆+M₇

Explanation:

For the full explanation of this question refer to the image attached which is of the k-Map of F.As we can see in the k-map that there are only 3 ones.by making 2 pairs of 1 we get the SOP expression.

Rest of them are zero from there we will get the POS expression.

The one's in the k-map represent the Minterms and 0's represent Maxterms and the number written in the box is their respective minterm and maxterm number.Minterms are represented by m and maxterms are represented by M.

Trailer is only added at ___________ layer of OSI model.

a. Data link layer

b. Physical layer

c. Network layer

d. Transport layer

Answers

Answer:

a. Data link layer

Explanation:

A trailer / footer is the additional data (metadata) which is positioned at the end of the data block being stored or transferred,it  may contain information for the processing of the data block or simply placed at the end of the block.

In data transmission, the data is called the payload or body after the end of the header and before the trailer starts.

In Data link layer, it contain three parts-

Frame headerFrame dataFrame footer    

Relational DBMS are unable tostore multimedia objects. Does it underestimate RDBMS importance inreal world?

Answers

Answer:

 It may underestimate the importance of RDBMS in real world as, database system for storing the multimedia object images and images,consequently the objects and operation become more complex that is why, it is degrading the performance of the application in RDBMS. It is also dependence on the structure query language as, it is comparatively simple query optimization and unable to handle complex applications.

A relational database is a combination of many relation in the form of two dimensional table of rows and the columns containing tuples. The rows are called as records and the columns are called as attributes.

The statement ____ declares intList to be a vector and the component type to be int

A.
vector intList;

B.
int.vector intList;

C.
int.vector intList;

Answers

Answer: vector<int> intList

Explanation:

Using the above declaration we can declare intList to be a vector and the component type to be int.

example:

int main()

{

vector<int> intList

   intList.push_back(1);                          

   intList.push_back(2);                          

   intList.push_back(3);                        

   printList(intList);  // printing the list

}

Compare and contrast the role that business users play when software is developed using Waterfall and Agile software development methodologies.

Answers

Answer: Both Agile and waterfall model are software development models to deliver a final outcome in the form of a software product. Waterfall model is sequential process with the requirements beings rigid and defined before beginning the software development.

Agile method basically  concerned with the requirements of the client. Here both testing and development is carried out at the same time.

Explanation:

More differences between the two include :

Waterfall model is easy to manage whereas in agile model as the the client requirements changes and wants more functionalities is becomes a bit more difficult to manage. the role of project manager is very crucial in waterfall model whereas the role of developers ans testers is more important in Agile model.

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