When the speed of electrons striking the anode of an x-ray tube increases, the _____ of the emitted x-rays increases.

Answers

Answer 1

Final answer:

When the speed of electrons striking the anode of an x-ray tube increases, the energy of the emitted x-rays increases.

Explanation:

This happens because as electron speed (and consequently their kinetic energy) increases, upon interacting with the anode material, they are decelerated and their kinetic energy is converted into electromagnetic energy in the form of x-rays.
The relationship between accelerating voltage and the maximum x-ray energy is given by the equation Emax = h fmax = qe V, where h is Planck's constant, fmax is the maximum frequency, qe is the charge of an electron, and V is the accelerating voltage.

As the filament voltage increases, which accelerates the electrons towards the anode, the emitted x-rays have higher energy, and therefore a higher frequency.


Related Questions

In baseball, a home run means the batter has hit the baseball into the stands, beyond the baseball field. Compare the force of the batter when bunting the ball into the in-field versus hitting a grand slam.

Answers

The force is much less when bunting into the in field.

Answer:

The force is much less!

Explanation:

A stone is thrown from a cliff and lands in the sea. Air resistance is negligible. Which statement is correct whilst the stone is in motion?

vertical component of stone's displacement is constant
horiz. comp. of stone's displacement is constant
vertical component of stone's velocity is constant
horiz. comp. of stone's veolcity is constant

Answers

Since the stone is travelling, the displacement cannot be constant. This leaves the last 2 choices as possibilities. Now consider the acceleration that can act on the stone. Acceleration due to gravity is the only one. That means the horizontal component of the stone has to be constant since there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction.

There can be no consistent displacement since the stone is moving. The latter two options are still viable. Now think about how the stone may accelerate. The only one is acceleration brought on by gravity. Since there is no acceleration in the horizontal direction, the stone's horizontal component must thus be constant.

What is a motion ?

The phenomenon of an item changing its location with respect to time is known as motion in physics. Motion is mathematically characterised in terms of displacement, distance, velocity, acceleration, and speed as well as the observer's frame of reference and the measurement of the change in the body's location with respect to that frame over time. Kinematics is the area of physics that studies how motion is affected by forces, whereas dynamics is the area that studies how motion is affected by forces.

An object is said to be at rest, motionless, immovable, stationary, or to have a constant or time-invariant location with respect to its surroundings if it is not moving with respect to a certain frame of reference. According to contemporary physics

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Hello I need help! Don't have to say the answer, I just want to know how to solve it or the formula pretty please! Thanks

A camera falls from a blimp that is 568 m
above the ground and rising at a speed of
10.6 m/s.
Find the maximum height reached by the
camera with respect to the ground. The acceleration
of gravity is 9.8 m/s^2. 

Answers

Answer:

Maximum height reached  = 573.73 m

Explanation:

We have equation of motion, [tex]v^2=u^2+2as[/tex], where u is the initial velocity, u is the final velocity, s is the displacement and a is the acceleration.

 Here final velocity = 0 m/s at maximum height, initial velocity = 10.6 m/s, acceleration = acceleration due to gravity = [tex]-9.8m/s^2[/tex]

 Substituting

     [tex]0^2=10.6^2-2*9.8*s\\ \\ s=5.73 m[/tex]

 So camera travels 5.73 m above after falling from blimp.

 Maximum height reached = Initial height + 5.73 = 568+5.73 = 573.73 m

for this velocity-time graph in which time interval is the object moving toward the reference point?

A. 7 to 11 s
B. 0 to 6 s
C. 11 to 20 s
D. 6 to 7 s

Answers

D. Only the interval 6-7s yields a negative velocity, meaning it's traveling back to the reference point.

Answer:

D. 6 to 7 s

Explanation:

When object is moving away from its reference point then its motion is known as positive motion

And when object moves towards the reference point then its motion is termed as negative motion because here the distance with respect to reference point is decreasing with time

so by the graph we can say that

object velocity is positive between

t = 0 to t = 6 s and t = 12 to t = 20 s

so in above interval of time it is moving away

while during time interval of t = 6 s to t = 7 s the motion its velocity is negative and hence it will move towards reference point

A person throws tennis ball 6m/s straight up. How long does it take for it to come back to their hand?

Answers

(V-Vo)/G =T 6-0/9.8 =.612s

What formula gives the strength of an electric field, E, at a distance from a known source change?

A) E= Fe/qd
B) E= kq/d
C) E= kq/d^2
D) E= Fe/d

Answers

C) E= kq/d^2

Hoped this helped

Answer:

The correct answer option is C. E = kq / d^2

Explanation:

Electric field strength is a vector quantity which means it has both the magnitude and a direction.

It can be defined as the strength of electrical force per unit charge at any given point in the electric field and can be denoted by E.

Therefore, the formula for the electric field strength is:

E = [tex]\frac{k .Q }{d^2} [/tex]

what happens when you add heat to a substance ?( think of the kinetic theory of matter)

Answers

When you add heat to a substance, it disrupts their molecular bonding, causing them to vibrate quicker and increasing the space between each molecule.

The form of energy that can move from place to place across the universe is . On Earth, the main source of this energy is .

Answers

the sun is the source of energy for the earth, either via light and heat or motion via earth's orbit

Answer: Light energy; sun

Explanation: The form of energy that can move from one place to another across universe is light energy.

This energy can move from space to the earth and is a soul of energy on earth.

On earth the energy comes from sun, in the form of light and heat. This provides optimum temperature for many processes that is carried out on earth.

Hence, the correct answers are: light energy and sun.

Tell me one way compound and elements are similar & one way compounds and elements are different

Answers

similar: they are both made of elements

diff: an element is just one of itself whereas a compound is 2 or more element chemically combined

Kate gathered three boxes of the same size made of different materials: glass, clear plastic, and aluminum painted black. She placed them on a windowsill in the sun for an hour and then measured the warmth of the air in each box. In this experiment, the warmth of the air is a(n) _____________.

A
Independent variable

B
Constant

C
Control

D
Dependent Variable

Answers

I believe your answer is C

Determine whether the material is a rock or mineral based on the description.

Answers

Answer:Part 1.

Description:

It often has molten appearance due to its heterogeneous composition.

Rock or mineral:

It is a rock.

Mineral has a unique specific makeup and always has the same composition.

So it is rock due to heterogeneous composition.

Part 2.

Description:

Atoms in all specimens have the same structure and shape.

Rock or mineral:

It is Mineral.

Mineral has a unique specific makeup and always has the same composition.

Part 3.

Description:

It is generally found in crystalline form.

Rock or mineral:

It is a mineral.

Part 4.

Description:

Every specimen varies in terms of atomic structure.

Rock or mineral:

It is a rock.

A rock is a solid, inorganic, naturally-formed substance without a particular atomic structure or chemical composition.





The bar graph shows the population of male and female deer in a forest, measured in 10-year intervals. According to the graph, which of these statements is true about the trends?

Answers

Answer: option D. the ratio of the population of male deer is not constant.


Explanation:


The bar graph permits to compare the results for two different populations: male and female deer in a very easy visual way.


These features are remarkable:


The polulation of male deer (blue bars) decrease from 1961 to 1971, then increase in the next 10 year, decrease in the next decade, and increase for the next two decades. So, its trend is erratic, with ups and downs.

        This discards the option A, which states that the population of male deer increases each decade from 1961 to 2011.


The population of female deer (purple or brown bars) decreases every decade.

        This discards the option B. which states that when the polulation of male deer increases, the poluplation of female deer also increases.


The populations never are equal, hence this discards the option C.
Since, one popultion increases and decreases, while the other population only decreases, you conclude that the ratio of the population of male deer to female deer is not constant, which is the option D.

Answer:

The answer is D

Explanation:

I got it right

What happens to the magnetic field of a wire when you change the direction of the current of the wire

Answers

It flows to the direction that you change it into.

Which type of circuit is a continuous loop that allows the flow of current along its intended path?

A) open
B) inverted
C) closed
D) short

Answers

A C) closed circuit is a continuous loop that allows the flow of current along its intended path.

A continuous loop that allows the flow of current along its intended path is closed circuit. The correct option is C.

What is circuit?

A circuit consists of a voltage source along with resistors and the current flows from  positive to the negative terminal of the battery.

When the circuit is open , there will be no current flowing in the circuit, but if closed, there will be continuous flow of current.

Thus, the correct option is C.

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The path followed by a projectile is called its _____.


A. projectile motion


B. projectile path


C. trajectory


D. path of motion

Answers

The path followed by a projectile is called its trajectory. (C)

In the most common school situation ... with gravity but without air resistance, the trajectory of a projectile is the shape of an inverted parabola (nose  pointing up).  That's the result of constant horizontal velocity and accelerated vertical velocity.

Answer:

Trajectory

Explanation:

Trajectory is the path followed or traced by a projectile.

It follows a parabola shape. That is the shape got in javeline.

What kinds of birds visits you a feeder at different times a year

Answers

Purple finches, chickadees,cardinals,blue jays,woodpeckers,red polls,juncos,goldfinches,and red crossbills.

Apply a force of 50 N right to the box. Describe the motion of the box using physics terms (i.E. Velocity, acceleration, displacement). Refer to the speedometer in your answer.

Answers

Final answer:

Applying a 50 N force to the box will accelerate it, increasing its velocity over time as long as the force is applied and this can be measured by a speedometer. The displacement of the box can also be calculated using physics equations of motion.

Explanation:

When a force of 50 N is applied to the box, Newton's Second Law F=ma (Force equals mass times acceleration) is used. Acceleration is calculated by dividing the force by the mass of the box. Let's assume a box of 10kg, in this case, the box will have an acceleration of 50/10= 5 m/s² right.

This acceleration changes the velocity of the box over time. If the box was initially at rest, its velocity will increase at a rate of 5 m/s every second in the direction of the force applied.

Displacement, which is a measure of 'how much ground the object has covered' under the action of the force, can be calculated by integrating the velocity, but in this case, since the initial speed is zero and the acceleration is constant, we can also use the equation of motion: d = 0.5 * a * t², where t represents the time for which the force is applied. As for the speedometer, it would show an increasing speed over time as long as the force is being applied.

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PLZ help!
Which vector should be negative?

Question 1 options:

any vector whose magnitude is greater than 1


any vector whose magnitude is less than 1


the velocity of a falling object


a displacement in the direction North

Question 2 (1 point) Question 2 Unsaved

A worker pushes a large rock to the north while another worker helps by pushing it to the east. If they both exert equal force, in what direction does the rock move?
Question 2 options:

northeast

southwest


north

east
Question 3 (1 point) Question 3 Unsaved


At take off, a plane flies 100 km north before turning to fly 200 km east. How far is its destination from where the plane took off?

Question 3 options:

224 km


200 km


300 km


173 km

Question 4 (1 point) Question 4 Unsaved
A runner traveled 15 kilometers north then backtracked 11 kilometers south before stopping. His resultant displacement was




Question 4 options:

4 kilometers south


26 km south


26 km north


4 kilometers north

Answers

the velocity of a falling object vector should be negative

4 Kilometers, North, would be the answer.

carbon monoxide pure substance or mixture and why

Answers

carbon monoxide is a mixture cause it's a mixture of
different chemical compounds

such as air and CO but they're chemically mixed together which makes it no longer pure


When two elements combine then it’s a mixture not a put substance. So carbon monoxide is a mixture.

How many arrows of force would be needed in a free body diagram of a rocket taking off from the moon? Ignore any solar system objects other than the moon itself.
One
Two
Four
Three

A person is trying to lift a crate that has a mass of 15.3 kg. The normal force of the floor is currently supplying 150 N of force. How much force does the person need to supply in order to pick up the crate?
150 N
144 N
294 N
130 N

A person is trying to lift a crate that has a mass of 30 kg. The normal force of the floor is 150 N of force. How much force is the person currently exerting?
114 N
150 N
294 N

Answers

#1

When rocket is launched from the moon then there will be two forces on the rocket

1. Due to ejected gases the reaction force on rocket in forward direction

2. due to gravitational attraction of moon

So here we need to draw two arrow on its FBD in which first arrow is in the direction of motion of rocket which will be the reaction force on it while other arrow is opposite to its motion which is due to gravitational attraction force.

So answer would be TWO

#2

When crate is placed on the floor then in order to lift the crate upwards we always need an external force that will counter balance the normal force of crate.

Which mean if we make the normal force to be zero then crate will lift upwards and in order to make it zero we need to apply same force as that of normal force

So here the normal force is given as 150 N so we also need to apply 150 N force in order to lift it upwards


#3

If a person lift a box upwards by some force then we can say by force balance

Force applied by person + Normal force = Weight of the box

[tex]F_{app} + F_n = mg[/tex]

we will plug in all values in it

[tex]F_{app} + 150 = 30 * 10[/tex]

[tex]F_{app} = 300 - 150[/tex]

[tex]F_{app} = 150 N[/tex]

So we applied 150 N force on it

#4

In all cases we need to use force balance

like in case 3

[tex]T + T = W[/tex]

[tex]2T = W[/tex]

[tex]T = \frac{W}{2}[/tex]

so here in 3rd case tension is half of the weight

which will be the least tension in all cases

so answer is CASE 3

A 300 g ball and a 100 g ball are dropped from a tower. Both balls are the same size and there is no air resistance. Which one hits the ground first?

Answers

If there is no air resistance, then both of those balls ... as well as a feather, a piece of paper, a handkerchief, a bowling ball, a fried egg, a hammer, a car, a school bus, an airplane, a diesel locomotive, a computer, and a battleship ... if dropped at the same time from the same height, fall together, and hit the ground at the same time.  We've known this for about 400 years, since Galileo.

Final answer:

According to Galileo's law of falling bodies, in a vacuum with no air resistance, all bodies fall at the same rate regardless of their mass. Therefore, both the 300g and 100g balls will hit the ground at the same time.

Explanation:

The two balls, one weighing 300 grams and the other 100 grams, when dropped from a tower, will hit the ground at the same time. This is based on Galileo's law of falling bodies, which states that in a vacuum, where there is no air resistance, all bodies, no matter their mass, fall at the same rate. Therefore, the weight of the balls does not affect the time it takes for them to reach the ground.

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A space probe approaches a planet and goes into a low orbit. If the orbiting probe's velocity is
vx=−v sin(ωt),
vy=v cos(ωt),
v = 7.77 103 m/s,
ω= 1.20 10-3 radians/s,
what is the average magnitude of acceleration of the probe if it remains in orbit for 24 minutes?

Answers

here given that the velocity of the probe is

[tex]v_x = - v sin\omega t[/tex]

[tex]v_y = v cos\omega t[/tex]

now at initial position where t = 0

[tex]v_{xi} = - v sin0 = 0[/tex]

[tex]v_{yi} = v cos 0 = v[/tex]

Now after t = 24 minutes we need to find final components of velocity

[tex]v_{xf} = - v sin(1.20* 10^{-3} * 24*60) = -v sin(1.728)[/tex]

[tex]v_{yf} =  v cos(1.20* 10^{-3} * 24*60) = v cos(1.728)[/tex]

now as we know that acceleration is given as

[tex]a = \frac{v_f - v_i}{t}[/tex]

Now for x direction of motion

[tex]a_x = \frac{v_{xf} - v_{xi}}{t}[/tex]

[tex]a_x = \frac{- v sin(1.728) - 0}{24*60}[/tex]

[tex]a_x = \frac{-7.77*10^3 * 0.99}{24*60}[/tex]

[tex]a_x = -5.33 m/s^2[/tex]

Now for y direction of motion

[tex]a_y = \frac{v_{yf} - v_{yi}}{t}[/tex]

[tex]a_y = \frac{ v cos(1.728) - v}{24*60}[/tex]

[tex]a_y = \frac{7.77*10^3 * (-0.16) - 7.77 * 10^3}{24*60}[/tex]

[tex]a_y = -6.24 m/s^2[/tex]

now in order to find the magnitude of acceleration we can say

[tex]a = \sqrt{a_x^2 + a_y^2}[/tex]

[tex]a = \sqrt{5.33^2 + 6.24^2} = 8.2 m/s^2[/tex]

this is a Physics worksheet. please help.

Answers

i think the answer is A

For the stunt car, additional measurement of the angle of projection and air resistance are required for accurate prediction. In the case of vector quantity of A, using Pythagorean theorem and trigonometric calculations, it would be 5cm at a certain angle according to the coordinate system.

The first question involves the physics of projectile motion. Based on the given parameters (height of the cliff, speed of the car leaving the cliff, and the mass of the car), the stunt coordinator still needs to collect more measurements.

The missing parameters are the angle at which the car leaves the cliff and the air resistance, which can be a major factor in the car's trajectory, particularly in a high-speed situation like this. Without these, it's impossible to accurately predict where the car will land.

As for the second question, which involves vector quantities, vector A’s magnitude can be realized by Pythagorian theorem.

Given that the x-component is 3 cm and the y-component is 4 cm, the magnitude of A is √(3² + 4²), which is 5 cm, providing a vector quantity of 5 cm at an angle. The specific angle depends on the orientation of the coordinate system but can be calculated using trigonometric functions.

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What can cause attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A. low levels of gamma-amino butyric acid B. low levels of serotonin C. low levels of endorphins D. low levels of acetylcholine

Answers

Answer: B

Explanation: Because serotonin influences mood, social behavior, sleep, and memory. Low levels of this will cause attention deficit hyperactivity disorder or (ADHD).

Final answer:

ADHD is a complex disorder with genetic, neurological, and environmental causes. While low levels of serotonin may contribute to neurotransmitter imbalances in ADHD, it's important to consider the disorder's multifaceted nature.

Explanation:

Research into the cause of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) reveals it is a complex disorder with multiple potential causes. While the options provided focus on neurotransmitters, it's essential to understand that ADHD involves a combination of genetic, neurological, and environmental factors. Specific genes associated with neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin have been linked to ADHD. Neuroimaging studies show structural differences in the brain, notably in areas responsible for impulse control and organization, hinting at the neurological underpinnings of ADHD. Moreover, environmental factors such as exposure to toxins and maternal substance use during pregnancy contribute to the disorder's development. However, among the listed options, low levels of serotonin B. are closely related to the theory of neurotransmitter imbalance in ADHD, understanding that it is just one piece of a much larger puzzle.

Household Paint Is it a pure substance or a mixture and why

Answers

house hold paint is a homogeneous mixture because it's the same all the way through and its mixed with different chemicals which makes it no longer pure

A child throws a steel ball straight up. consider the motion of the ball after it has left the child’s hand but before it touches the ground, and assume that forces exerted by the air are negligible. for these conditions, identify the force(s) acting on the ball.

Answers

Final answer:

Once the steel ball is thrown, the primary force acting upon it is gravity, which pulls the ball downwards. Additionally, inertia ensures the ball continues moving in an upward and then downward direction. After the ball has left the child's hand, it's considered to be in a state of free-fall.

Explanation:

In the situation where a child throws a steel ball straight up, the primary force acting on the ball once it leaves the child's hand is gravity. Once the ball has left contact with the child's hand, the ball is in a state of free-fall. This motion is one-dimensional and has a constant acceleration of magnitude g.

The ball continues moving upward, then downward due to inertia, the tendency of an object in motion to stay in motion. Please note that no object can exert force on itself; therefore, the child's hand no longer accelerates the ball or exerts force on it once contact is lost.

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A football coach starts at the 35-yard line (a) and walks to the 15-yard line (b). He turns around and walks to the 40-yard line (c). He turns around again and walks back to the 0-yard line (d). He turns around once more and walks back to the 25-yard line (e), thus completing his 10 minutes of pacing.

Answers

a) A football coach starts at the 35-yard line and walks to the 15-yard line.


So, the first amount of displacement covered is calculated as below.

Displacement = final point-initial point

D1 = 35 - 15 = 20 yards.


b. He turns around and walks to the 40-yard line.


Coach starts from the 15-yard line and walks to the 40-yard line, so his displacement is calculated as below


D2 = 40 - 15 = 25 yards.


3. He turns around again and walks back to the 0-yard line.


Coach starts from the 40-yard line and walks to the 0-yard line, so his displacement is calculated as below


D3 = 40 - 0 = 40 yards.


4. He turns around one more and walks back to the 25-yard line.


Coach starts from the 0-yard line and walks to the 25-yard line, so his displacement is calculated as below


D4 = 0 + 25 = 25 yards.


The total distance walked is


D = D1 + D2 + D3 + D4 = 20 + 25 + 40 + 25 = 110 yards.


Hence average speed of the coach is


Spee = 110[yards]/10[min] = 11 [yards/min].

Final answer:

To calculate the average velocity for each interval, divide the distance traveled by the time taken. To calculate the average velocity for the entire motion, add up all the distances traveled and divide it by the total time taken.

Explanation:

In this question, we are given the distances and times for different intervals of a football quarterback's motion. To calculate the average velocity for each interval, we divide the distance traveled by the time taken for that interval. For the first interval (15.0 m in 2.50 s), the average velocity is 6.0 m/s. For the second interval (-3.00 m in 1.75 s), the average velocity is -1.7 m/s. And for the third interval (21.0 m in 5.20 s), the average velocity is 4.0 m/s.

To calculate the average velocity for the entire motion, we add up all the distances traveled and divide it by the total time taken. In this case, the total distance is 15.0 m + (-3.00 m) + 21.0 m = 33.0 m and the total time is 2.50 s + 1.75 s + 5.20 s = 9.45 s. Therefore, the average velocity for the entire motion is 33.0 m / 9.45 s = 3.49 m/s.

How does the relative motion of a motorcycle affect the frequency of the sound heard by an observer on the sidewalk?

Answers

As per Doppler's effect of sound we know that when source and observer moves with some relative velocity with respect to each other then the frequency of sound that observer will hear is different from the actual frequency of sound and it is known as Doppler's effect.

So here when relative motion of bike is towards the observer the frequency is given by

[tex]f = f_0*\frac{v}{v-v_s}[/tex]

so the frequency heard by the observer will be more than actual frequency in this case

So now when relative motion of bike is away from the observer the frequency is given by

[tex]f = f_0* \frac{v}{v+ v_s}[/tex]

from above equation we can say that in this case frequency heard by observer will be less than actual frequency

Relative Motion of a Motorcycle Affect

The relative motion of a motorcycle affect the frequency of the sound heard by an observer on the sidewalk as, the motorcycle approaches the observer, the frequency increases. When the distance decreases between the source of the sound and an observer then, the vibrations or sound level increases and if, it moves farther apart the frequency decreases. Therefore, the relative motion affects the frequency of the sound.


This form of argument is an inductive form that reasons from the general to the specific.

Answers

Answer;

Statistical syllogism

Explanation;

An inductive argument is an argument in which it is thought that the premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion. In an inductive argument, the premises are intended only to be so strong that, if they are true, then it is unlikely that the conclusion is false.

The Statistical syllogism or proportional syllogism or direct presumption is a non-deductive syllogism. It argues from a sweeping statement true for the most part to a particular case in opposite to induction, which argue from specific cases to generalizations.

Final answer:

Inductive reasoning is a logical process that starts from specific observations and moves towards general conclusions, commonly utilized in the scientific method. Unlike deductive reasoning, which moves from general to specific, inductive reasoning goes from the specific to the general and may result in conclusions that are not always accurate.

Explanation:

The student is asking about a form of argument called inductive reasoning, which is a logical process in which multiple premises, all believed true or found true most of the time, are combined to obtain a specific conclusion. Inductive reasoning is often used in hypothesis-based science, where scientists observe particular instances and construct broad generalizations based on these observations. Unlike deductive reasoning, which starts with a general statement and moves towards a specific conclusion, inductive reasoning works the other way by starting from specific observations to reach a general conclusion.

For instance, noticing that apples, bananas, and oranges all grow on trees might lead one to generalize that all fruits grow on trees. This is inductive reasoning; however, this conclusion may be false, evident by the existence of fruits like strawberries that do not grow on trees. Scientific method involves both inductive and deductive reasoning, where theories formulated through inductive reasoning generate hypotheses that are subsequently tested with deductive reasoning.

Which of these would be a good model to demonstrate the fact that the galaxies are moving apart as the universe is expanding?

A) The spots on the balloon move away as the balloon is inflated

B) Dust particles move around in random directions

C) Pieces of paper scatter in random directions in the wind

D) Cars travel down a highway in forward motion.

Answers

Answer: Option A: The spots on the balloon move away as the balloon is inflated.

one of the scientific models describes the galaxies are moving apart as the universe is expanding. This expansion theory came from the observation of red-shifted spectrum from all the directions indicating that the galaxies are moving away.  This can be understood from the inflated balloon. Initially spots can be marked using a colored pen on the balloon.On inflating the balloon, it would be noticed that the spots on the balloon move away. Actually the position of the spots won't change, but the distance between the spots would expand. This is a good model to explain the expanding universe. The galaxies are neither moving in any random direction nor moving forward. So, rest of the options are not good models to explain the theory.

Other Questions
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