When titrating a monoprotic strong acid with a weak base at 25°c, the
a.ph will be less than 7 at the equivalence point.
b.ph will be 7 at the equivalence point.
c.titration will require more moles of the base than acid to reach the equivalence point.
d.titration will require more moles of acid than base to reach the equivalence point.
e.ph will be greater than 7 at the equivalence point?
Answers
When a strong monoprotic acid is Titrated with a weak base at 25° ;
The pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point ( A )A monoprotic acid donates only a single proton in a titration experiment therefore at the equivalence point in an experiment involving the reaction between the strong monoprotic acid with a weak base, all the base ions will react, while the strong acid will have some unreacted ions ( H⁺) left in the solution.
The unreactive protons of the strong monoprotic acid present in the solution will make the solution acidic therefore the pH of the solution will be less than 7 at the equivalence point.
Hence we can conclude that when a strong monoprotic acid is titrated with a weak base at 25°, the pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point.
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Final answer:
In a titration of a monoprotic strong acid with a weak base, the pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point because the conjugate acid of the weak base will slightly ionize, rendering the solution acidic at this point.
Explanation:
When titrating a monoprotic strong acid with a weak base at 25°C, the pH at the equivalence point will be less than 7. This is because the reaction at the equivalence point produces the conjugate acid of the weak base, which slightly ionizes in solution, contributing to an acidic pH. As outlined in resources such as LibreTexts, the equivalence point's pH depends on the strength of the acid and base involved in the titration. In the case of a strong acid with a weak base, the solution will be acidic because the weak base is not strong enough to fully neutralize the strong acid. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is a. pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point. It is also important to note that the number of moles of base and acid required to reach the equivalence point depends solely on their stoichiometry and not on their strength, meaning one mole of acid will react with one mole of base to reach the equivalence point.
Related Questions
In the reaction C + O2 → CO2, 18 g of carbon react with oxygen to produce 72 g of carbon dioxide. What mass of oxygen would be needed in the reaction?
1.) 18 g
2.) 54 g
3.) 72 g
4.) 90 g
Answers
Molar mass (O2)=2*16.0=32.0 g/mol
Molar mass (CO2)=44.0 g/mol
18g C*1mol C/12 g C = 1.5 mol C
C + O2 → CO2
from reaction 1 mol 1 mol 1 mol
from problem 1.5 mol 1.5 mol 1.5 mol
1.5 mol O2*32 g O2/1 mol O2 = 48 g O2
In reality this reaction requires only 48 g O2 for 18 g carbon.
And from 18 g carbon you can get only
1.5 mol CO2*44 g CO2/1 mol CO2=66 g CO2
But these problem has 72g CO2. The best that we can think, it is a mix of CO2 and O2.
So to find all amount of O2 that was added for the reaction (probably people who wrote this problem wanted this)
we need (the mix of 72g - mass of carbon 18 g)= 54 g.
So the only answer that is possible is 2.) 54 g.
A gas originally at 27 °c and 1.00 atm pressure in a 2.6 l flask is cooled at constant pressure until the temperature is 11 °c. the new volume of the gas is
Answers
According to Charles's law, the final volume of a gas that is cooled from 27 °c to 11 °c at constant pressure, and initially in a 2.6 L flask, is 2.46 L.
Explanation:This question pertains to Charles's law, which states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature if kept at a constant pressure. In this case, the initial temperature T₁ is 27°C (which converts to 300 K) and the final temperature T₂ is 11°C (or 284 K). The initial volume V₁ is 2.6 L. Remembering to convert degrees Celsius to Kelvin (by adding 273), we can solve for V₂, the unknown final volume, by setting up the equation V₁/T₁ = V₂/T₂.
Solving for V₂ yields V₂ = V₁ × (T₂/T₁) = 2.6 L × (284K/300K) = 2.46 L. So, if a gas originally at 27 °c and 1.00 atm pressure in a 2.6 L flask is cooled at constant pressure until the temperature is 11 °c, the new volume of the gas is 2.46 L.
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Pentane (c5h12) undergoes combustion with excess oxygen to produce water and carbon dioxide. how many liters of water are produced when 50.5 grams of pentane combustion with excess oxygen at stp?
Answers
If 1495 J of heat is needed to raise the temperature of a 319 g sample of a metal from 55.0°C to 66.0°C, what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?
Answers
Q(heat)= MC delta T
Q= 1495 j
c= specific heat capacity =?
M(mass)=319 g
delta T = change in temperature = 66-55 =11 c
by making c the subject of the formula
C=Q /M delta T
c= 1495 j/ 319 g x 11 c =0.426 j/g/c
Which pure substance will have the intermolecular force oh hydrogen bonding with itself
Answers
In current context, hydrogen bonding exist if hydrogen atom in a molecule is attached to electronegative elements like O, F or N. Classic example of the system exhibiting hydrogen bonding is pure water. In pure water, water molecules are held together by hydrogen bonding.
What is the mass in grams of na 2 co 3 (s) (molar mass = 105.98 g/mol) that, when dissolved in 125 ml of water, will make a 0.15 m aqueous solution?
Answers
molarity of sodium carbonate is 0.15 M
this means that 0.15 moles of sodium carbonate are dissolved in 1 L of solution
if 1 L contains - 0.15 mol
then 125 mL should contain - 0.15 mol/L x 0.125 L = 0.019 mol
mass of sodium carbonate in 125 mL - 0.019 mol x 105.98 g/mol = 2.0 g
2.0 g of sodium carbonate is required to make a 0.15 M solution
Answer:
[tex]m_{Na_2CO_3}=2.0gNa_2CO_3[/tex]
Explanation:
Hello,
In this case, we consider the equation defining molarity, in order to compute the mass that is present into 125 mL of an aqueous 0.15M of sodium carbonate (solute), Na₂CO₃ as shown below:
[tex]M=\frac{n_{solute}}{V_{solution}}[/tex]
Now, since the unknown is the mass which comes from the moles, by solving for it and subsequently using its molar mass, one obtains:
[tex]m_{Na_2CO_3}=125mL*\frac{1L}{1000mL}*0.15\frac{mol{Na_2CO_3}}{L}*\frac{105.98gNa_2CO_3}{1mol{Na_2CO_3}} \\m_{Na_2CO_3}=2.0gNa_2CO_3[/tex]
Best regards.
Which formula represents an organic compound?cah2c4h8h2o2p2o5?
Answers
C₄H₈ is hydrocarbon, organic compound consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.
CaH₂ (calcium hydride) is alkaline earth hydride, inorganic compound.
H₂O₂(hydrogen peroxide) is pale blue, clear, inorganic liquid.
P₂O₅ (phosphorus pentoxide) is white, crystalline solid inorganic compound.
The element oxygen would be expected to form covalent bond(s) in order to obey the octet rule.use the octet rule to predict the formula of the compound that would form between oxygen and hydrogen , if the molecule contains only one oxygen atom and only single bonds are formed.formula:
Answers
..
:O*
*
Each atom Hydrogen has one electron.
H* and H*.
To have 8 electrons on the last level oxygen should make bonds with 2 atoms of hydrogen.
..
:O: H
' '
H
Chemical formula of compound when bond is formed between oxygen and hydrogen is OH₂.
What is chemical formula?Chemical formula is a way of representing the number of atoms present in a compound or molecule.It is written with the help of symbols of elements. It also makes use of brackets and subscripts.
Subscripts are used to denote number of atoms of each element and brackets indicate presence of group of atoms. Chemical formula does not contain words. Chemical formula in the simplest form is called empirical formula.
It is not the same as structural formula and does not have any information regarding structure.It does not provide any information regarding structure of molecule as obtained in structural formula.
There are four types of chemical formula:
1)empirical formula
2) structural formula
3)condensed formula
4)molecular formula
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An empty 10 ml volumetric flask weighs 10.2634 g. when filled to the mark with distilled water and weighed again in the air at 20 oc, the mass is 20.2144 g. what is the true volume of the flask at 20 oc?
Answers
Explanation:
It is known that density of water at [tex]20^{o}C[/tex] is 998,29 [tex]kg/m^{3}[/tex] or 0.998 g/ml (as 1 [tex]kg/m^{3}[/tex] = 0.001 g/ml).
Therefore, calculate mass of water as follows.
Mass of water = Final mass - initial mass
= 20.2144 g - 10.2634 g
= 9.951 g
As we known that density is the amount of mass present in a unit volume.
Mathematically, Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
Therefore, putting the given values into the above formula we will calculate the volume as follows.
Density = [tex]\frac{mass}{volume}[/tex]
0.998 g/ml = [tex]\frac{9.951 g}{Volume}[/tex]
Volume = 9.97 ml
Thus, we can conclude that volume of the flask at [tex]20^{o}C[/tex] is 9.97 ml.
The true volume of the flask at 20°C is 8.30145 mL.
The true volume of the flask can be calculated using the difference in mass before and after adding water.
Weigh the empty flask: 10.2634 gWeigh the filled flask: 20.2144 gSubtract the mass of the empty flask from the mass of the filled flask to get the mass of the water added: 20.2144 g - 10.2634 g = 9.9510 gSince 1 mL of water weighs 1 g, the volume of water added is 8.30145 mLTherefore, the true volume of the flask at 20°C is 8.30145 mL.
Correct question is: An empty 10 ml volumetric flask weighs 10.2634 g. when filled to the mark with distilled water and weighed again in the air at 20°C , the mass is 20.2144 g. What is the true volume of the flask at 20°C ?
Chemistry to make tomato soup, you add one can of water to the condensed soup. why is this dilution?
Answers
The ability to attract an electron for bonding is called:
A. Electrostatic attraction
B. Electronegativity
C. Delocalized electron attraction
D. Polar bonding
Answers
The ability to attract an electron for bonding is called Electronegativity. Hence, option C is correct.
What is an atom?An atom consists of a central nucleus that is usually surrounded by one or more electrons.
Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract shared electrons to itself.
The more strongly an atom attracts the electrons in its bonds, the larger its electronegativity.
Hence, option C is correct.
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A stock bottle of concentrated hydrochloric acid is a 37% (w/w) hcl solution. what is the molarity of this solution? how many moles of hcl are in a 10 ml sample of this concentrated acid? the density of 37% hcl is 1.19 g/ml.
Answers
therefore number of moles of HCl in 1000g - 370 g / 36.5 g/mol = 10.1 mol
the density of solution is 1.19 g/ml
volume of 1 mL weighs - 1.19 g
then 10 mL would weigh - 11.9 g
so if 1000 g contains - 10.1 mol
then 11.9 g contains - 10.1 mol / 1000 g x 11.9 g = 0.120 mol
therefore number of HCl moles in 10 mL is 0.120 mol
: hydrochloric acid reacts with the mineral calcite to produce carbon dioxide gas, water, and calcium chloride. based on what you have learned in activity a and activity b, what are three things you could do to make the reaction occur more quickly?
Answers
1) Increasing Temperature:
Increase in temperature increases the Kinetic energy of molecules. This results in increase in the velocity and rate of collisions between reactants. Hence, greater the number of collisions between reactants per time greater will be the probability of formation of product per unit time.
2) Grinding Calcite:
Grinding of Calcium carbonate results in the increase of surface area of calcite. So greater the surface area greater is the exposure of Calcium carbonate to HCl molecules, hence the rate of formation of product increases.
3) Using Catalyst:
Very important. Catalyst when used decreases the activation energy and increase the rate of reaction by following methods.
a) Providing new pathway
b) weakening the bonds
c) providing surface area
d) holding up the reactant close to each other.
The things that can be done to make the reaction occur quickly include increasing the temperature, grinding calcite, and using catalyst.
It should be noted that a catalyst is used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction. Also, increasing the temperature is important in increasing the kinetic energy of the molecules.Furthermore, it should be noted that grinding calcite results in the rise in the surface area of the calcite. Therefore, the formation of product will rise.In conclusion, these are important in making hydrochloric acid react with the mineral calcite quickly.
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Draw both resonance forms of the nitrite ion, no2–. be sure to include all lone pairs and non-zero formal charges. do no add curved arrows to structures. do not add an arrow or plus sign between the structures.
Answers
1. Resonance Form 1: O-N-O with a negative charge on the right oxygen.
2. Resonance Form 2: O-N-O with a negative charge on the left oxygen.
Certainly, here are both resonance forms of the nitrite ion, NO2-:
Resonance Form 1:
O
/ \
N O-
In this structure, the oxygen atom on the left has three lone pairs, and the nitrogen atom has one lone pair. The oxygen on the right is negatively charged (-1), while the nitrogen has no formal charge.
Resonance Form 2:
O-
\
N
\
O
In this structure, the oxygen atom on the left is negatively charged (-1), the nitrogen atom has no formal charge, and the oxygen on the right has two lone pairs.
These resonance forms illustrate how the electrons in the nitrite ion are delocalized, and the actual electron distribution is a blend of these two structures, resulting in a partial negative charge on both oxygen atoms and a partial positive charge on the nitrogen atom.
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The nitrite ion, NO2-, has two resonance forms. In the first, one oxygen is double-bonded to nitrogen while the other is single-bonded, with the latter carrying a negative charge. The second form is the same, but the doubly bonded oxygen carries the negative charge. The actual structure of the ion is an average of these forms.
Explanation:To draw the resonance forms of the nitrite ion, NO2-, it is necessary to understand the concept of resonance. If more than one Lewis structure can be written for a molecule or ion with the same arrangement of atoms, the actual distribution of electrons is an average of that shown by these structures. In the case of NO2-, the distribution of electrons in the nitrogen-oxygen bonds is an average of a double bond and a single bond. This means there are two resonance forms for NO2-.
The first resonance form can be represented as :N=O—O: wherein nitrogen is double bonded to one oxygen atom and single bonded to the other, with a lone pair on the singly bonded oxygen giving it a negative formal charge. The second resonance form is :N—O=O: wherein nitrogen is double bonded to one oxygen atom and singly bonded to the other just like in the first resonance form but now the double bonded oxygen atom absorbs the lone pair, causing it to have a negative formal charge.
These two resonance forms together represent the actual electronic structure of the nitrite ion, which we call a resonance hybrid. It's important to remember that resonance in chemistry doesn't mean that the molecule is switching between these forms, rather the actual structure is an average of these forms.
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A gas occupies 4.23 l at 2.25 atm. what is the volume at 3.46 atm?
Answers
It states that at constant temperature pressure in inversely proportional to volume.
PV = k
where P - pressure V - volume and k - constant
P1V1 = P2V2
where parameters for the first instance are on the left side and parameters for the second instance are on the right side of the equation
substituting the values in the equation
2.25 atm x 4.23 L = 3.46 atm x V
V = 2.75 L
new volume is 2.75 L
What is the molecular geometry around each carbon atom in a saturated hydrocarbon?
Answers
Molecular geometry around each carbon atom in a saturated hydrocarbon is Tetrahedral.
Explanation:
In saturated hydrocarbons (-CH₂-) the central atom (carbon) is bonded to either three or two hydrogen atoms and one or two carbon atoms. So, the central atom is having four electron pairs and all pairs are bonding pairs and lacks any lone pair of electron. According to Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory the central atom with four bonding pair electrons and zero lone pair electrons will attain a tetrahedral geometry with bond angles of 109°.
the molecular egometry around each carbon atom in a staurated hydro carbon is tetrahydral
Which alkanealkene pair would be formed by a disproportionation reaction of the two radicals produced by the most energetically favored homolytic bond cleavage in the molecule shown?
Answers
Write a balanced equation for the double-replacement precipitation reaction described, using the smallest possible integer coefficients. a precipitate forms when aqueous solutions of chromium(iii) iodide and potassium hydroxide are combined.
Answers
What is measured by the reaction rate?
the speed at which products form
the time required for a reaction to go to completion
the probability that a reaction will occur
Answers
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Rate of reaction is defined as the rate at which a chemical reaction occurs. That is, it tells how rapidly or slowly the products are formed.
Mathematically, Rate = [tex]\frac{-\Delta [reactants]}{\Delta t}[/tex]
It also tells the number of successful collisions taking place.
Thus, we can conclude that the speed at which products form is measured by the reaction rate.
Which reaction below represents the first ionization of sb?which reaction below represents the first ionization of ?sb2−(g) → sb3−(g) + e−sb+(g) + e− → sb2+(g)sb(g) + e− → sb−(g)sb−(g) + e− → sb2−(g)sb(g) → sb+(g) + e−?
Answers
Neutral atom in gas state lose one valence electron and become cation with postive charge.
The first ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of the valence electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce one mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+.
Most metals have strong metallic bond, because strong electrostatic attractive force between valence electrons (metals usually have low ionization energy and lose electrons easy) and positively charged metal ions.
Answer: The reaction for the first ionization of Sb is [tex]Sb(g)\rightarrow Sb^+(g)+e^-[/tex]
Explanation: Ionization of an atom is defined as the reaction when an electron is released from an isolated gaseous atom in their gaseous state.
General equation for the first ionization reaction is:
[tex]X(g)\rightarrow X^+(g)+e^-[/tex]
So, from the given choices in the question, only one option represents the first ionization of Antimony atom (Sb-atom), which is [tex]Sb(g)\rightarrow Sb^+(g)+e^-[/tex]
The human eye contains a certain protein called rhodopsin that changes shape when it is exposed to light. When rhodopsin absorbs light, part of it undergoes a chemical change. This is how eyes sense the presence of light.
Answers
Final answer:
Rhodopsin, found in the retina's rod cells, is essential for vision by changing shape when exposed to light, initiating signal transduction to the brain. Rods are crucial for dim light vision, while cones handle color vision. The absorption of light by rhodopsin ultimately allows humans to see.
Explanation:
The human eye detects light through a sophisticated process involving rhodopsin, a special photopigment found in the retina. This pigment is a combination of a protein called opsin and the molecule 11-cis-retinal. When light reaches the photoreceptors, rods and cones, within the retina, it causes a conformational change in rhodopsin. Specifically, when light hits the rods, it causes the 11-cis retinal to change to all-trans retinal, splitting rhodopsin into opsin and all-trans retinal. This change sends a signal to the brain, allowing us to perceive the presence of light and, ultimately, see.
Rod cells are more sensitive and are crucial for vision in dim light, while cone cells provide detailed color vision under brighter light conditions. Rods contain rhodopsin with a maximum absorption around 500 nm, mainly in the blue-green region of the visible spectrum. Cones contain three types of photopigments, called opsins, each sensitive to different wavelengths of light corresponding to the primary colors red, green, and blue. The process of light absorption by rhodopsin and signal transduction to the brain is fundamental for human vision.
a gas occupies 3.5 l at standard presure. find the volume of the gas when the pressure is 1140 mm hg
Answers
For the initial and final state of pressure and volume for a given gas at given temperature is as,
P₁ V₁ = P₂ V₂ --------- (1)
Data Given;
P₁ = 760 mmHg (standard Pressure)
P₂ = 1140 mmHg
V₁ = 3.5 L
V₂ = ?
Solving equation 1 for V₂,
V₂ = P₁ V₁ / P₂
Putting values,
V₂ = (760 mmHg × 3.5 L) ÷ 1140 mmHg
V₂ = 2.33 L
Result:
Hence, with increase in pressure from 760 mmHg to 1140 mmHg the volume has decreased from 3.5 l to 2.33 L.
The question concerns Boyle's Law in physics, which states that pressure and volume of a gas are inversely related at a constant temperature. Using the provided initial conditions and the final pressure, the final volume of the gas can be calculated using Boyle's Law to be approximately 2.33 L.
Explanation:The subject matter of this question falls under the concept of gases in Physics, especially where Boyle's Law is applicable. Boyle's Law states that the pressure (P) and volume (V) of a gas have an inverse relationship when the temperature is kept constant. In other words, an increase in pressure causes a decrease in volume and vice versa.
To solve the student's question, we'll use the equation of Boyle's Law: P1*V1 = P2*V2, where P1 and V1 are the initial pressure and volume, and P2 and V2 are the final pressure and volume.
In this case, the standard pressure (P1), which is generally 760 mm Hg, and the initial volume (V1) is 3.5 L. The final pressure, P2, is given as 1140 mm Hg, and we need to find the final volume (V2).
Substituting the values we know into the Boyle's Law equation: (760mm Hg * 3.5 L) = (1140 mm Hg * V2) Solving for 'V2' gives us a final volume of approximately 2.33 L. Therefore, the volume of the gas when the pressure is 1140 mm Hg will be about 2.33 L.
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Boric acid frequently is used as an eyewash to treat eye infections. the ph of a 0.050m solution of borin acid is 5.28. what is the value of the boric acid ionization constant, ka
Answers
pH = pka + log [tex] \frac{[Acid]}{\text{[conjugate base]}} [/tex]
Given: pH = 5.28 and [Acid] = 0.05 m,
∴ pKa = 5.28 - log (0.05) = 6.58
∴ Ka = 2.624 X [tex] 10^{-7} [/tex]
Thus, ionization constant of boric acid is 2.624 X [tex] 10^{-7} [/tex]
To find the ionization constant ([tex]K_a[/tex]) of boric acid from its pH of 5.28, calculate the hydrogen ion concentration [tex][H^+][/tex] using the pH, then apply the acid dissociation formula. The [tex]K_a[/tex] of boric acid is found to be 1.74 x [tex]10^{-9[/tex].
The pH of a 0.050 M solution of boric acid is 5.28, and the student is asked to calculate the ionization constant ([tex]K_a[/tex]) of boric acid.
To find [tex]K_a[/tex], we first need to calculate the concentration of hydrogen ions [tex][H^+][/tex] in the solution, which can be derived from the pH value:
pH = -log[tex][H^+][/tex]
5.28 = -log[tex][H^+][/tex]
[tex][H^+][/tex] = 10-5.28
Next, we use the acid dissociation formula for a weak acid like boric acid ([tex]H_3BO_3[/tex]):
[tex]H_3BO_3[/tex](aq) ⇌ [tex]H^+[/tex](aq) + [tex]B(OH)_4^-[/tex](aq)
Assuming the degree of ionization is small and equating the concentration of [tex]H^+[/tex] with that of [tex]B(OH)_4^-[/tex], we get:
[tex][H^+][/tex] = [tex][B(OH)_4^-][/tex]
Therefore:
Ka = [tex][H^+][/tex][tex][B(OH)_4^-][/tex] / [tex][H_3BO_3][/tex]
Ka = (10-5.28)2/0.050 M
Ka = 10-10.56/0.050
Ka = 1.74 x [tex]10^{-9[/tex]
So the Ka of boric acid is 1.74 x [tex]10^{-9[/tex].
Which choice best describes the polarity of bri5? view available hint(s) which choice best describes the polarity of ? the molecule is polar and has polar bonds. the molecule is nonpolar and has polar bonds. the molecule is polar and has nonpolar bonds. the molecule is nonpolar and has nonpolar bonds?
Answers
While BrI5 is not a common molecule and potentially not real, based on similar molecular structures, it would most likely be a polar molecule with polar bonds due to its presumed asymmetry and the difference in electronegativity between bromine and iodine.
Explanation:The molecule in question, BrI5 (bromine pentaiodide), does not appear to exist or is not common in chemical literature. However, assuming it follows similar principles of molecular polarity, we can deduce its polarity based on the provided information. A molecule is polar if it has polar bonds and is not symmetric, meaning that the polarities do not cancel out. Conversely, a molecule is nonpolar if it has polar bonds but is symmetric, such that the polarization cancels out, or if there are no polar bonds present.
Since BrI5 is hypothetically a molecule consisting of a central atom of bromine with five iodine atoms surrounding it, its structure would likely be asymmetric due to the odd number of atoms, leading to an uneven distribution of charge. Thus, if BrI5 did exist, it would most likely have polar bonds (as bromine and iodine have different electronegativities) and would not be symmetric; hence, it would be a polar molecule with polar bonds.
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The voltage generated by the zinc concentration cell described by, zn(s)|zn2 (aq, 0.100 m)||zn2 (aq, ? m)|zn(s),is 16.0 mv at 25 °c. calculate the concentration of the zn2 (aq) ion at the cathode.
Answers
To calculate the concentration of Zn2+ at the cathode of a concentration cell, you apply the Nernst equation and solve for the unknown concentration using the given cell voltage, known ion concentration at the anode, and the idea that E^0 is 0 for concentration cells.
Explanation:The student asked to calculate the concentration of the Zn2+ (aq) ion at the cathode of a zinc concentration cell at 25 °C, given that the cell voltage is 16.0 mV. To find this, we use the Nernst equation, which relates cell potential to ion concentration:
E = E^0 - (RT/nF)lnQ
With the given cell reaction Zn(s) → Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-, where the anode process is oxidation, and the cathode is where reduction occurs, we set up the reaction quotient Q as:
Q = [Zn2+]_{cathode} / [Zn2+]_{anode}
Since E^0 for a concentration cell is 0 (because both electrodes are of the same material), and the given [Zn2+]_{anode} is 0.100 M, we only need to find [Zn2+]_{cathode}. Rearranging and solving for [Zn2+]_{cathode}, we get:
16.0 mV = - (0.0592 V/2) * log(Q)
Q = 10^( -(16.0 mV) / (0.0592 V/2) )
[Zn2+]_{cathode} = Q * [Zn2+]_{anode} is then calculated to find the unknown concentration.
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Write the lewis structure for mgi2. draw the lewis dot structure for mgi2. include all lone pairs of electrons.
Answers
1) Calculate Number of Valence Electrons:
# of Valence electrons in Mg = 2
# of Valence electrons in I = 7
# of Valence electrons in I = 7
---------
Total Valence electrons = 16
2) Draw Mg as a central atom surround it by two atoms of Iodine.
3) Connect each Iodine atom to Mg, and subtract two electrons per bond. In this case we will subtract 4 electrons from total valence electrons. i.e.
Total Valence electrons 16
- Four electrons - 4
----------
12
4) Now start adding the remaining 12 electrons on more electronegative atoms i.e. Iodine.
The final lewis structure formed is as follow,
The Lewis structure for MgI2 shows 3 lone pairs of electrons on each I atom and no lone pairs on the Mg atom.
Explanation:The Lewis structure for MgI2 can be drawn by following a few steps:
Calculate the total number of valence electrons for MgI2.Put the least electronegative atom, Mg, in the center and put the I atoms around it.Connect the central atom (Mg) to each of the I atoms using a single bond. This will account for 2 electrons.Place the remaining electrons as lone pairs around the I atoms.If any electrons remain, place them as lone pairs around the central Mg atom.The final Lewis structure for MgI2 will have 3 lone pairs of electrons on each I atom and no lone pairs on the Mg atom.
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131i has a half-life of 8.04 days. assuming you start with a 1.53 mg sample of 131i, how many mg will remain after 13.0 days __________?
a.0.835
b.0.268
c.0.422
d.0.440
e.0.499
Answers
Half-life formula,
t1/2 = ln 2 / λ
where, t1/2 is half-life and λ is radioactive decay constant.
t1/2 = 8.04 days
Hence,
8.04 days = ln 2 / λ
λ = ln 2 / 8.04 days
Radioactive decay law,
Nt = No e∧(-λt)
where, Nt is amount of compound at t time, No is amount of compound at t = 0 time, t is time taken to decay and λ is radioactive decay constant.
Nt = ?
No = 1.53 mg
λ = ln 2 / 8.04 days = 0.693 / 8.04 days
t = 13.0 days
By substituting,
Nt = 1.53 mg e∧((-0.693/8.04 days) x 13.0 days))
Nt = 0.4989 mg = 0.0.499 mg
Hence, mass of remaining sample after 13.0 days = 0.499 mg
The answer is "e"
0.499 mg will remain after 13.0 days. So, the correct answer is (E).
What is Half life?The time which is required for a quantity to reduce to half of its initial value is defined as Half life. This is commonly used in nuclear physics to for the description of unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how much time stable atoms survive.
Formula for Half Life,
t1/2 = ln 2 / λ
where,
t1/2 is half-life
λ is radioactive decay constant
For given information,
here, t1/2 = 8.04 days
so, 8.04 days = ln 2 / λ
λ = ln 2 / 8.04 days
As per Radioactive decay law,
[tex]N_t = N_o[/tex]e∧(-λt)
where,
[tex]N_t[/tex] is amount of compound at t time,
[tex]N_o[/tex] is amount of compound at t = 0 time
t is time taken to decay
λ is radioactive decay constant.
[tex]N_o[/tex] = 1.53 mg
λ = ln 2 / 8.04 days = 0.693 / 8.04 days
t = 13.0 days
By substituting,
[tex]N_t[/tex]= 1.53 mg e∧{(-0.693/8.04 days) x 13.0 days)}
[tex]N_t[/tex] = 0.4989 mg = 0.0.499 mg
Hence, mass of remaining sample after 13.0 days = 0.499 mg
Thus, 0.499 mg will remain after 13.0 days. So, the correct answer is (E).
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When the above equation is balanced the coefficients in order are
Answers
Ca(OH)₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → CaSO₄ + Al(OH)₃
Ca are balance on both sides,
There are 2 Al at left side and one at right so, multiply Al(OH)₃ by 2 to balance,
So,
Ca(OH)₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → CaSO₄ + 2 Al(OH)₃
Now, Ca and Al are balanced, now balance SO₄, which is 3 at left hand side and one at right hand side, so multiply CaSO₄ on right side by 3, so,
Ca(OH)₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 3 CaSO₄ + 2 Al(OH)₃
Again Ca got imbalance, so multiply Ca(OH)₂ by 3 to balance Ca, So,
3 Ca(OH)₂ + Al₂(SO₄)₃ → 3 CaSO₄ + 2 Al(OH)₃
The Equation is balance now with respect to every element.
Result:
The Ratio is 3 : 1 : 3 : 2, so, Option-G is correct.
Choose the molecule or compound that exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force.choose the molecule or compound that exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force.cohbrcl2naclall of these have intermolecular forces stronger than dispersion.
Answers
Cl₂ exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force.
Explanation:
Chlorine molecule is a non-polar molecule because the electronegativity difference both chlorine atoms is zero. Such molecules are also called as symmetrical molecules due to symmetry in their electron density.
So, Cl₂ molecules can not show either Hydrogen bond interactions due to unavailability of partial positive hydrogen nor they can show dipole-dipole interactions due to unavailability of dipole.
Therefore, such non-polar compounds generate instantaneous dipole which on approaching next non-polar molecule induces dipole in it. Hence, develops Dispersion forces.
Chlorine (Cl2) exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force. HBr exhibits dipole-dipole forces, and Co and NaCl show stronger forms of bonding (metallic and ionic, respectively). Larger, heavier atoms or molecules generally display stronger dispersion forces due to their greater number of electrons.
Explanation:The molecule or compound that exhibits dispersion forces as its strongest intermolecular force among Co, HBr, Cl2, and NaCl is Cl2. Dispersion forces are the only type of intermolecular force that occurs between noble gas atoms and nonpolar molecules such as Cl2. They arise as a result of fluctuations in electron density in an atom or molecule, that create temporary regions of positive and negative charge. These forces can attract nearby oppositely charged regions in neighboring molecules.
In the provided list, Hydrogen Bromide (HBr) exhibits dipole-dipole forces which are stronger than dispersion forces because it's a polar molecule. Cobalt (Co) is a metal and exhibits metallic bonding which is stronger than the dispersion forces. Sodium chloride (NaCl) forms an ionic compound and hence shows ionic bonding, which is much stronger than the dispersion forces.
Molecules with larger and heavier atoms, like chlorine (Cl2) , generally exhibit stronger dispersion forces compared to the smaller and lighter atoms, because of the presence of more electrons that can create temporary poles. At room temperature, Cl2 is a gas, but its dispersion forces allow it to condense into a liquid or solid under the right conditions.
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Write the overall equation for the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl coa. express your answer as a chemical equation.
Answers
CH3COO-COO- + NAD+ + HS-COA = ch3-COO-S -COA +NADH +CO2
The oxidation of pyruvate led to a conversation of NAD+ to NADH and produces acetyl COA and CO2
Final answer:
The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is represented by the equation: C3H3O3- + CoA-SH + NAD+ → CH3-C-S-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+. This step catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex involves oxidative decarboxylation and connects glycolysis to the Krebs cycle.
Explanation:
The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA is a critical step that links glycolysis, the initial phase of glucose catabolism, to the Krebs cycle, where further energy extraction occurs. The overall chemical equation representing the conversion of pyruvate (a three-carbon molecule) to acetyl CoA (a two-carbon molecule) is:
C3H3O3- (pyruvate) + CoA-SH + NAD+ → CH3-C-S-CoA (acetyl CoA) + CO2 + NADH + H+
This process, known as pyruvate oxidation, is catalyzed by the multi-enzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase. It involves the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate, resulting in one molecule of carbon dioxide and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH. The transferred acetyl group is then bound to Coenzyme A, forming acetyl CoA, which subsequently enters the Krebs cycle within the mitochondria.