The Intolerable Acts were passed in 1774 to punish Massachusetts for the Boston Tea Party. The harsh measures helped unite the American colonies against the British Crown and Parliament. The acts led to significant pushback, culminating in the formation of the First Continental Congress.
Explanation:The Intolerable Acts, also known as the Coercive Acts and Quebec Act, were passed by the British Parliament in 1774 as a reaction to the Boston Tea Party. These consisted of several punitive measures aimed specifically at Massachusetts to retaliate for the perceived disobedience of the Boston Tea Party. However, these harsh acts ended up uniting the American colonies against perceived infringements on their rights as British subjects.
The Intolerable Acts comprised the Boston Port Act, which closed Boston Harbor, and the Massachusetts Government Act, which significantly restricted Massachusetts' self-governance. Additionally, other acts restricted the colonists' rights to a fair trial and allowed for the quartering of British troops in colonists' homes.
A significant response to the Intolerable Acts was the formation of the First Continental Congress in September 1774. During this assembly, delegates from the colonies approved the Suffolk Resolves, which decried the Intolerable Acts as null and void, and drafted a Declaration of American Rights, specifying Parliament's infringement on their rights and listing grievances towards the British Crown and Parliament.
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How was Theodore Roosevelt able to initiate progressive reforms that were unpopular with his party
Answer:
As President, Roosevelt pushed official forces as far as possible, contending that the ascent of mechanical private enterprise had rendered restricted government obsolete.
Explanation:
Roosevelt's stewardship hypothesis unmourned presidential power from the Constitution and made it legitimately responsible to the people. Roosevelt proceeded until his demise to press for Progressive changes that would draw the nation nearer to the social majority rule governments of Europe.
As President, Roosevelt pushed official forces as far as possible, contending that the ascent of mechanical private enterprise had rendered restricted government obsolete.
Answer:
The New Deal become synonymous with Roosevelt's policy. This policy was not outlined by the Democratic Party. It was held despite strong opposition in Congress, where not only Republicans, but also conservative Democrats opposed the president. However, Roosevelt often appealed to US public opinion over the head of Congress, sometimes overcoming the opposition of the country's dominant press. Since he became president, press conferences have often been held in the White House to help popularize his views on current issues. He maintained contact with local politicians in various states and cities. By the end of his first presidency, his authority among the people had grown so much that congressmen were condemned by their voters for opposition to the president.
Explanation:
Select the correct answer.
Which statement about the crusaders is true?
A.
Crusaders consisted only of highly trained knights.
B.
Crusaders successfully regained control of Jerusalem, and the Muslims never returned.
C.
Crusaders murdered Jews, Muslims, and Christians during their journey.
D.
Crusaders were interested only in showing their faith and devotion and not gaining riches.
Answer:
The correct answer is C. It is true that Crusaders murdered Jews, Muslims, and Christians during their journey.
Explanation:
The Crusades were strategically, religiously and economically motivated wars between the years 1095/99 and the 13th century, encouraged by the Catholic Church. In this narrower sense, the term refers to the oriental crusades that were directed against the Muslim states in the Middle East. In the 13th century, the term crusades was extended to other military actions, the aim of which was not the Holy Land. In this expanded sense, the campaigns against non-Christianized peoples such as Wends, Finns and Balts, against heretics like the Albigensians and against the Eastern Church are also included. Popes have even occasionally called for crusades against Christian political opponents.
After a Crusader army conquered Jerusalem in 1099, a total of four Crusader states were founded in the Levant. As a result of their threat from the Muslim neighboring countries, further crusades were carried out, which were mostly unsuccessful. The Kingdom of Jerusalem suffered a severe defeat in the Battle of Hattin in 1187, and Jerusalem was lost again. The last crusader fortress in Outremer fell in 1291.
what was the impact of the Indian removal policy discussed by Andrew Jackson?
A.) the integration of the five civilized tribes into American culture
B.) the beginning of a financial crisis in 1837
C.) the alliance between the native Americans and the British
D.) the deaths of thousands along the trail of tears
Answer:
D) The deaths of thousands along the trail of tears.
Explanation:
The Indian Removal Act was a law signed in 1830 by president Andrew Jackson that authorizes the president to negotiate the removal of native tribes to federal territories west of the Mississippi River. The act was heavily opposed by the whig party and the native tribes but finally, they were forced to relocate themselves.
The march was then known as the trail of tears because the forced relocation made the natives got sicked and starved. Many of them died before getting to the relocated area.
I hope this answer helps you.
How did the Congress of the first national government raise money?
The sale of the western land was the source of money through which the congress of the first national government earned money. The Articles of Confederation work as written documents that created the functions of United States national government after they get victory from Britain.
The US Congress established in 4th March 1789. The US federal government (congress) officially started its working under the new (and current) frame of government established by the 1787 Constitution.
Federal Hall in New York City was the place where the first session of US congress held on 4th March 1789.
Answer: through the sale of the western land
Explanation:
After the Thirteenth Amendment became part of the Constitution ?
Answer:
The Thirteenth Amendment became part of the Constitution on December 6, 1865, based on the following ratifications: Illinois — February 1, 1865. Rhode Island — February 2, 1865.
Explanation:
Answer:
After the 13th amendment, slavery was abolished. which in other words means that, there was no more slavery. After December 6th, 1865, thats when slavery was abolished
You would think, 'oh no more prejudice against African Americans!' But not. Segregation, and racism was still a HUGE problem until the late late 1900's
What were two reasons why
assimilation failed?
What did opponents of the Vietnam war protest
Answer:
Peace movement leaders opposed the war on moral and economic grounds.
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
The North Vietnamese, they argued, were fighting a patriotic war to rid themselves of foreign aggressors. Innocent Vietnamese peasants were being killed in the crossfire. American planes wrought environmental damage by dropping their defoliating chemicals.
What’s the second one?‼️‼️‼️‼️‼️‼️
Answer:
volunteering to help people out and donate
As a result of their Puritan beliefs, what was the center of life for colonists in
New England?
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
As a result of their Puritan beliefs, the center of life for colonists in New England was religion through the local church.
In the 16th century in England, Puritans started a Reformation movement that was not accepted by the Church of England. Puritans were persecuted and had to travel to North America to find a better place to practice their religious beliefs. That is why they arrived at Cape Cod in 1620, and founded the colony of Plymouth, in New England. There they followed their strict religious system and the center of their lives was the local church.
What were the political consequences in the civil war
In 2006, former Iraq ruler Saddam Hussein
regained power after US forces left.
established new, democratic elections.
was executed by the new government.
was pardoned for his crimes and released.
Answer:
was executed by the new government
Answer:
In 2006, former Iraq ruler Saddam Hussein was executed by the new government.
Explanation:
Saddam Hussein was an Iraqi statesman and politician, President of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.
Saddam formally became president in 1979, although he was already the de facto leader of Iraq several years before. After the elimination of all political opponents, mainly of the left wing, including Communists, and a year after receiving dictatorial powers as a result of combining all the highest posts, he began a devastating war with Iran, which lasted 8 years (1980-1988). During the war, Saddam Hussein ordered the operation "Anfal" against Iraqi Kurds, during which Iraqi troops used chemical weapons, at the same time carried out reprisals against anti-war activists, mostly members of the Shiite community. The war brought huge casualties, becoming one of the largest conflicts that occurred after the end of World War II, leading to the decline of all sectors of the economy and a sharp decline in the standard of living of the population in both countries. In addition, Iraq was in a severe financial crisis due to the accumulation of unpaid debts to foreign creditors. Two years after the end of the war, in 1990, on the initiative of Saddam, an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait took place, which led to the start of the international liberation of Kuwait, lasting a little over a month, known as the Gulf War, during which Iraqi troops were first knocked out of Kuwait and then completely defeated in Iraq. The country suffered heavy economic and human losses. After this defeat, the influence and economy of Iraq could not recover.
In April 2003, an international coalition led by the United States invaded Iraq and overthrew the regime of Saddam Hussein. The reason for the intervention were the accusations to Hussein of supporting international terrorism and developing of weapons of mass destruction. Hussein himself was captured by American troops and executed on December 30, 2006 by a verdict of the Iraqi Supreme Court.
Which phrase best describes Germany's emotional reaction to the Treaty Versailles?
humilliation and resentment for losing power and having to pay damages.
A P E X
Humiliation and resentment for losing power and having to pay damages best describe Germany's emotional reaction to the Treaty of Versailles. Thus, option D is correct.
What is a Treaty of Versailles?On June 28, 1919, Germans and the Allies signed the Treaty of Versailles, officially putting an end to World War 1. Germany was obligated under the terms of the treaty to ensure that financial compensation, arm, cede territory, and abandon all of its colonies abroad.
Germans in the general public were enraged with the administration for approving the peace. Many German citizens were unaware of the appalling condition of their country's military forces during the war, thus many were shocked and taken aback because when harsh provisions of the armistice were published.
Therefore, option D is the correct option.
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The question is incomplete, the complete question is:
A. Happiness and relief that the war was finally over and the people could relax O B. Humility and gratitude that a resolution benefiting everyone was found O C. Remorse and sorrow for declaring war and causing so much devastation O D. Humiliation and resentment for losing power and having to pay damages
Question 5 (Multiple Choice Worth 4 points)
Identify the methods used to compensate for the scarcity of resources in the ancient world.
Neolithic humans built their dwellings to
take advantage of solar and wind power
be easily carried from place to place last only during the planting season
contain their domesticated pets
Answer:
A
Explanation:
because in text it says that a
Answer:
A
Explanation: I took the test and B was wrong, C was wrong and people were saying that D might be the wrong, sooooooo A is totally right.
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When someone says it’s immoral what does that mean?
What’s the difference between immoral, moral, and nonmoral?
What does morally wrong mean? And what does morally right mean?
Answer:
When someone says it’s immoral what does that mean?
answer:Use the adjective immoral to describe a person, group, or situation that intentionally goes against accepted ideas of what is right, like a government that attacks its own people, or a friend who steals your favorite spatula.
What’s the difference between immoral, moral, and nonmoral?
answer: Morals are the principles we follow that help us know the difference between right and wrong. When someone is immoral, they make decisions that purposely violate a moral agreement. Immoral is sometimes confused with amoral, which describes someone who has no morals and doesn't know what right or wrong means.
What does morally wrong mean? And what does morally right mean?
answer:The quality of being in accord with standards of right or good conduct: questioned the morality of my actions. 2. A system or collection of ideas of right and wrong conduct: religious morality; Christian morality.
Explanation:
Hope this helped by have a nice day !!!!!
Morality refers to principles and beliefs about what is right or wrong. Immoral means that an action or behavior is morally wrong. Morally wrong refers to actions or behaviors that are considered morally unacceptable.
Explanation:Morality refers to the principles and beliefs about what is right or wrong, good or bad, and behaviors that align with those principles. When someone says something is immoral, it means that they believe that action or behavior is morally wrong and goes against accepted ethical standards or principles.
The term 'moral' refers to actions or behaviors that are considered right or good according to a particular set of ethical principles. 'Nonmoral' refers to actions or behaviors that do not have a moral dimension, meaning they are neither right nor wrong.
'Morally wrong' refers to actions or behaviors that are considered to be morally unacceptable or bad. On the other hand, 'morally right' refers to actions or behaviors that are considered to be morally acceptable or good.
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Which is determined by subtracting costs from revenue?
Question 1 options:
wages
profits
debt
overhead
Question 2 (1 point)
Which of the following best states the purpose of using a production possibilities frontier graph?
Question 2 options:
pursuing the profit motive
setting up efficient production
balancing economic goals
maximizing revenue
Question 3 (1 point)
Which of the following best explains what the profit motive pushes producers to do?
Question 3 options:
minimize costs and maximize revenue
balance monetary and non-monetary benefits
achieve the maximum revenue
produce as much as possible
Question 4 (1 point)
Which of the following best states the main difference between a monopoly and an oligopoly?
Question 4 options:
Oligopolies involve more than one company while monopolies involve only one.
Both monopolies and oligopolies involve a very low level of competition.
Monopolies have a slightly lower level of market concentration than oligopolies.
Neither a monopoly nor an oligopoly presents significant barriers to entering the industry.
Question 5 (1 point)
Which type of market structure is most closely associated with the automobile industry?
Question 5 options:
pure competition
oligopoly
monopolistic competition
monopoly
Question 6 (1 point)
Which characteristic or motivation is NOT strongly associated with entrepreneurs?
Question 6 options:
working for oneself
high risk aversion
innovation
profit
Question 7 (1 point)
Advertising is the main source of revenue for which of the following industries?
Question 7 options:
e-commerce
airlines
retail sales
media
Question 8 (1 point)
Media companies make all of their revenue using which of the following methods?
Question 8 options:
selling ads and subscriptions
recycling old programming
making capital investments
buying low and selling high
Question 9 (1 point)
Which of the following statements best explains the purpose of advertising?
Question 9 options:
Advertising is about predicting what consumers will want and how much they will pay.
Advertising is about determining how much revenues will exceed costs.
Advertising is about buying the attention of an audience of potential consumers.
Advertising is about making sure that consumers get accurate product information.
Question 10 (1 point)
Which of the following best states one effect of advertising?
Question 10 options:
Market research becomes more accurate.
Stockholders have a high level of utility.
Media revenues exceed costs.
Consumer behavior is influenced.
1. B
2. B
3. C
4. A
5. B
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. C
10.?
A monopolist determines its profit-maximizing level of output using the demand curve, decides on the price to charge based on market demand, and calculates total revenue, total cost, and profit.
Explanation:Step 1: The monopolist determines its profit-maximizing level of output by using the points on the demand curve to calculate total revenue and then calculating the marginal revenue curve.
Step 2: The monopolist decides what price to charge based on what the market is willing to pay.
Step 3: The monopolist calculates total revenue, total cost, and profit by multiplying the quantity sold by the price to get total revenue, and then subtracting total costs to get profit.
3. In what ways were the Republicans disunified?
Answer:
They were dis-unified because many joined democrats, some didn't agree on civil rights or suffrage of African Americans.
Explanation:
What is a Hellenism?
Answer: Is the study or imitation of ancient Greek culture.
Explanation:DescriptionThe Hellenistic period covers the period of Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the subsequent conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year.
Answer:
Explanation:
the national character or culture of Greece, especially ancient Greece.
How did Spanish participation help the Continental forces in the American Revolution? Select the two correct answers.
1.Spain supplied weapons and other provisions to the militias.
2.Spain won key victories against the British in the Gulf region.
These are the two correct answers Spanish participation help the Continental forces in the American Revolution.
What is American Revolution?The American Revolution was an ideological and political revolution that happened in British America between 1765 and 1791 on the north America continent.
Spain helped the Continental forces by sending the resources like money to help strengthen the local currency. Also send supplies and munitions to help fight the war. They did not sent troops to fight alongside the Americans. Also, together with France they menace the English channel, so more the naval forces will be busy and not concentrated in the America.
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During the time leading up to the Revolutionary war, there was a shift from Puritan Ideas to the Enlightenment philosophy - The Age of Reason.
True or false?
Final answer:
The statement is true; before the Revolutionary War, the Enlightenment significantly influenced American intellectual life, shifting away from Puritanism towards Enlightenment ideals such as reason, scientific inquiry, and skepticism of authority, which contributed to the revolutionary sentiment.
Explanation:
True, during the time leading up to the Revolutionary War, there was indeed a shift from the theocratic and rigid Puritan ideas to a more open and questioning philosophy associated with the Enlightenment, also known as the Age of Reason. This change was characterized by an increasing emphasis on reason, individualism, and skepticism towards traditional authorities. The Enlightenment emphasized the power of humanity to understand and shape the world through science, empirical evidence, and reasoned argument, marking a departure from earlier, more religiously driven perspectives.
Works like Isaac Newton's 'Principia Mathematica' and John Locke's 'Essay Concerning Human Understanding' established the scientific and philosophical underpinnings of the Enlightenment. Such ideas were integral to the American Revolution, as they fueled a growing discontent with British rule and fostered thinking about self-governance, human rights, and the social contract.
Thomas Paine's 'Common Sense' exemplified the way Enlightenment philosophies could reach and mobilize the general population by arguing against the monarchy using principles of natural rights and rational thought. Figures like Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, who engaged with Enlightenment ideas, played substantial roles in shaping the direction of the revolutionary movement and drafting foundational documents, such as the Declaration of Independence.
How did John Adams and Benjamin Franklin help the colonial effort during the
American Revolution?
Answer:
Mostly as diplomats.
Explanation:
During the Revolution, first Franklin, and soon afterward Adams were sent to France. Two of them together signed a agreement with France, according to which in 1778 France decided to enter the war against Britain.
Two of them, together with Jefferson had the main role during the creation of a peace treaty that was signed in Paris with Britain at the end of the war.
In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act
Answer:
Explanation:
It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. In the spring of 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress and signed by President Chester A. Arthur. This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration
The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was a pivotal law that banned Chinese laborers from immigrating to the U.S. and was not repealed until 1943.
In 1882, the Chinese Exclusion Act became the first significant federal law to restrict immigration based on race and class. This law banned the migration of Chinese laborers to the United States but made exceptions for wealthy Chinese citizens, who could still migrate.
Aimed primarily at reducing competition in the job market in the West Coast and appeasing working class pressures, the act was a clear reflection of the prevailing atmosphere of intolerance toward Asian Americans. The exclusion persisted until the Act's repeal in 1943, contributing to a legacy of racially discriminatory immigration policies in the U.S.
Which sentence has a pronoun that disagrees with its antecedent?
Answer:
The sentence that has a pronoun-antecedent disagreement error is "Each journalist has to decide what beat they want to cover." Option A.
Since "journalist" the antecedent is singular and the pronoun "their" is in the plural form, the pronoun disagrees with the antecedent, so that, there is a pronoun-antecedent agreement error in the sentence. The way to correct the mistake is either by becoming both the pronoun and antecedent singular or plural.
Explanation:
Answer:
the ansewr is henry makes a pie evrey week because she loves it so much
Explanation: i took the test and got it right
hope it helped
Select the correct answer.
How did the printing press help the Scientific Revolution?
A. The printing press made it easier for scientists to conduct initial experiments.
B. The printing press allowed mass production of books that spread new scientific ideas.
C. The printing press helped scientists keep their findings private.
D. The printing press enabled scientists to create scientific societies to discuss their works.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
It allowed them to get their findings to the public
Answer:
B. The printing press allowed mass production of books that spread new scientific ideas.
Explanation:
why does chalmers equate independence with slavery on plain truth?
Answer:
The bad economy in America could cause conflict between the rich and poor people. This was the reason for the Chalmers to equate independence "with slavery on plain truth".
Explanation:
Plain truth is the concept proposed by James Chalmer to evaluate the life story of Amish farm, followed by the mysterious story of the dead baby.It explains the American revolution during the period of independence.James Chalmers was a military agent who has immigrated to America after the independence war.According to him, a poor economy in a country would lead to internal conflicts between the minds of people.He demanded more wealth from the people, for expanding his army base and soldiers, but he failed to serve for people in America.Which answer most accurately describes how African Americans participated in the American Revolutionary War?
African Americans fought for neither the British or the Americans during the war because neither wanted to free slaves.
African Americans fought for both militaries during the war because they both made promises of freedom from slavery.
African Americans mostly fought alongside the British Army because they were more likely to give them their freedom.
African Americans mostly fought for the Continental Army because they were fighting for independence and freedom.
Answer:
They made the American military more numerous by enlisting.
Explanation:
took k12 test!
How did the council manager system address these issues check all of the boxes that apply
Answer:B,C,D
Explanation:
Final answer:
The council-manager system separates administrative and political functions, appointing a qualified city manager to handle day-to-day operations while the elected city council focuses on legislation, thus reducing corruption and increasing efficiency and accountability.
Explanation:
How the Council-Manager System Addresses Issues
The council-manager system of government was designed to separate the daily administrative operations of a city from its political aspects, thereby addressing specific issues in municipal governance. Firstly, it curtails corruption linked to political machines by removing the executive functions from elected officials and placing them in the hands of a professionally qualified city manager.
Elected city councils retain legislative responsibilities, allowing them to focus on setting policies and budgets while the city manager runs the city's day-to-day operations, bringing expertise and efficiency to municipal administration. The system increases accountability by having the city manager answerable to the city council, appointed based on professional merit rather than political affiliation.
This model has proven popular in cities including Austin, Dallas, and Phoenix, offering a balance of professionalism in administration and elected officials’ oversight. Additionally, this system can promote fiscal responsibility and voter involvement, as seen in instances where cost estimates and district-based elections lead to more prudent financial management and better representation.
which ordered pair is a solution of equation y = 5x
Answer:
Option d. (-2, -10)
Explanation:
The complete question is
Which ordered pair is a solution of the equation y=5x?
a. (-2,10)
b. (-5, 25)
c. (-3,15)
d. (-2, -10)
we know that
If a ordered pair is a solution of the linear equation, then the ordered pair must satisfy the linear equation
we have
[tex]y=5x[/tex]
Verify each case
Substitute the value of x and the value of y in the linear equation and then compare the results
case a) we have
(-2,10)
For x=-2, y=10
substitute
[tex]10=5(-2)[/tex]
[tex]10=-10[/tex] ----> is not true
The ordered pair not satisfy the equation
therefore
The ordered pair is not a solution
case b) we have
(-5,25)
For x=-5, y=25
substitute
[tex]25=5(-5)[/tex]
[tex]25=-25[/tex] ----> is not true
The ordered pair not satisfy the equation
therefore
The ordered pair is not a solution
case c) we have
(-3,15)
For x=-3, y=15
substitute
[tex]15=5(-3)[/tex]
[tex]15=-15[/tex] ----> is not true
The ordered pair not satisfy the equation
therefore
The ordered pair is not a solution
case d) we have
(-2,-10)
For x=-2, y=-10
substitute
[tex]-10=5(-2)[/tex]
[tex]-10=-10[/tex] ----> is true
The ordered pair satisfy the equation
therefore
The ordered pair is a solution
What did Germany's Schlieffen Plan call for?
a swift victory in Russia so Germany could focus on France
a secret German alliance with Belgium and Switzerland
a series of meetings with the Allied Powers to avoid warfare
a two-front war on the eastern and western borders of Germany
Answer:
A two-front war on the eastern and western borders of Germany.
Germany's Schlieffen Plan calls for a two-front war on the eastern and western borders of Germany. Therefore, Option D is correct.
What was Schlieffen's plan?This was a name given after the First World War to pre-war German war plans. All this was due to the influence of Field Marshal Alfred von Schlieffen and his thinking on an invasion of France and Belgium, which began on August 4, 1914.
From 1891 to 1906, Schlieffen was Chief of the General Staff of the German Army. Basically, it was Germany's tactical solution to avoid a two-front war with France and Russia. This plan was drawn up in 1905.
Therefore, Option D is correct.
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According to the readings what right did women not have in the United States
Answer: The women’s suffrage movement has its origins in the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848, the first women’s rights convention ever held in the United States. Approximately three hundred activists, female and male, gathered to discuss the condition of women and to devise strategies for achieving social and political rights for women. Though women’s suffrage was a topic of debate at the convention, it was not the main goal of the movement at this early stage, and the convention’s resolution demanding women’s suffrage was the only resolution that was not passed unanimously.^1
1
Explanation:
US Constitution was amended and that law assured the women to participate in elections. Many women associations proclaimed their protest for an alteration to the U.S. Constitution to assure women equal privileges with men.
Women’s rights are the major human rights declared by United Nations seventy years ago..
These rights are to live free and independent from any aspect of forcefulness, oppression, and discrimination; to be educated and refined; to own assets and property; to cast a vote; and to earn by fair means.
Prior to Western contact, which ideas from Chinese culture influenced Japan and the Koreas? Select the two correct answers.
A. writing system
B. military structure
C. Buddhism
D. Shintoism
E. rice farming
Answer:
The correct answers are A) Writing System and C) Buddhism
Explanation:
China has always exerted a strong influence in the region due to its sheer size. Modern research proves how Buddhism, that was actually imported from modern-day Nepal, spread across China and eventually reached the Korean peninsula.
We also clearly identify the Chinese writing system that became popular in Korea and shaped the region for more than a 1,000 years.
As thousands of Koreans immigrated to Japan, they brought these two with them.
Some researchers even believe that rice growing as well as pottery-making and metallurgy came to Japan, through Korea, from the Chinese.