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Metabolic reactions are necessary for the body to function and maintain homeostasis. Which of the following statements describes an enzyme’s role in these reactions?
A. Enzymes are formed into lipids.
B. Enzymes are catalysts that lower the activation energy allowing the reaction to occur.
C. Enzymes are used up as a part of the reaction and cannot be used again.
D. Enzymes can be any shape to bind to the substrate.
30+ POINTS
In the process of cellular respiration, there are three main stages. Name the stages AND the beginning and ending products of each stage.
"The three main stages of cellular respiration are:
1. Glycolysis:
- Beginning product: Glucose (C6H12O6)
- Ending products: 2 Pyruvate (C3H4O3) molecules, 2 ATP (Adenosine triphosphate), and 2 NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen) molecules.
2. Citric Acid Cycle (also known as Krebs Cycle or TCA Cycle):
- Beginning product: Acetyl CoA (derived from the breakdown of Pyruvate)
- Ending products: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen), and 2 CO2 (carbon dioxide) molecules.
3. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) and Oxidative Phosphorylation:
- Beginning product: NADH and FADH2 from the previous stages
- Ending products: A large amount of ATP (the exact number can vary, but it is much more than the other stages), water (H2O), and heat.
In summary, the stages and their respective beginning and ending products are as follows:
- Glycolysis: Begins with glucose and ends with pyruvate, ATP, and NADH.
- Citric Acid Cycle: Begins with acetyl CoA and ends with ATP, NADH, FADH2, and CO2.
- Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation: Begins with NADH and FADH2 and ends with ATP and water.
These stages collectively convert the energy stored in glucose into ATP, which cells can use for various metabolic processes. The overall process of cellular respiration starts with glucose and ends with the production of ATP, CO2, and water."
The enzyme lactase breaks the sugar lactose into which compound(s)
The enzyme lactase breaks the sugar lactose into two simple sugars: glucose and galactose. These can be absorbed into the bloodstream and used for energy.
Explanation:The enzyme called lactase plays a vital role in the human digestive system. Specifically, this enzyme breaks down the sugar lactose, which is found in dairy products, into two simpler sugars: glucose and galactose. These simple sugars can then be easily absorbed into the bloodstream and used by the body for energy. For example, if you consume a glass of milk, the lactase enzyme in your small intestine will break the lactose present in the milk down into glucose and galactose.
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The enzyme lactase breaks down the sugar lactose into glucose and galactose. These are simpler monosaccharide units, which the body can easily absorb and use for energy.
Explanation:The enzyme lactase breaks down the sugar lactose, a disaccharide, into simpler compounds. These compounds are two monosaccharides, namely glucose and galactose.
This process is vital for the digestion of lactose found in dairy products. If an individual does not produce sufficient lactase, the lactose cannot be broken down properly. This can lead to lactose intolerance, where the undigested lactose causes gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Evaporative coolers are primarily used in climates where the summers are:
Which correctly compares the immunity produced by a vaccine with the immunity produced by injection of antibodies from an external source? Injection of antibodies helps the body develop memory cells, which only produces a temporary immunity, whereas a vaccine can fight infection for years. A vaccine helps the body develop memory cells that make immunity last, whereas injection of antibodies only produces a temporary immunity. Injection of antibodies helps the body develop its own copies of the antibodies so immunity lasts, whereas a vaccine only produces a temporary immunity. A vaccine actively attacks pathogens until it is used up so immunity is temporary, whereas injected antibodies will remain passively in the blood, giving immunity for life.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
The nurse is caring for a 79-year-old patient. the patient has had diabetes for 10 years and comes to the hospital for regular checkups. the nurse finds that the patient has developed a nonhealing wound on the left foot. the nurse is dressing the patient's wound. while performing the dressing, the nurse is unsure about the dilution of the antiseptic solution to be used. what should the nurse do
What is the role of the human liver in regulating the composition of body fluids?
What are the events of smooth muscle contraction? check all that apply. initiated by ca2+ binding to intracellular calmodulin troponin activates tropomyosin ca2+/calmodulin complex activates mlck activated mlck to activate myosin atpase?
__________ is a disorder caused by the deficiency of one of the enzymes needed to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine to the normally nonessential amino acid tyrosine; as a result, tyrosine cannot be made and becomes conditionally essential.
Answer:
mild PKU
Explanation:
Sinusitis ,bronchitis, and asthma are all associated with
Mitosis and binary fission are both forms of cell division that produce identical, or close to identical, daughter cells. What is a difference between these two processes? Mitosis involves two rounds of divisions, whereas binary fission only involves one round of divisions. Mitosis takes longer because it involves more chromosomes and is a more complicated process. Binary fission involves multiple chromosomes, while mitosis only involves one circular chromosome. Binary fission takes longer because prokaryotic cells are more primitive and slower than eukaryotic cells.
The statement "Mitosis involves two rounds of divisions, whereas binary fission only involves one round of divisions" is not accurate. In fact, both mitosis and binary fission involve a single round of cell division.
1. **Mitosis**:
- Mitosis is a process of cell division in eukaryotic cells, where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- It consists of one round of cell division, during which the cell's nucleus divides into two, and the chromosomes are evenly distributed between the daughter cells.
- Mitosis is a fundamental process in eukaryotic growth, tissue repair, and asex-ual reproduction.
2. **Binary Fission**:
- Binary fission is a process of cell division in prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria and archaea.
- It also involves a single round of cell division, during which the parent cell replicates its circular DNA and then divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Binary fission is a means of asex-ual reproduction for prokaryotes and is a relatively simple and rapid process.
Therefore, the main difference between mitosis and binary fission is not the number of rounds of division but the type of cells in which they occur (eukaryotic for mitosis and prokaryotic for binary fission) and the specific mechanisms involved.
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The stronger the stimulus, the more powerful the action potential. true or false?
The food and nutrition board of the national academies defines ________ as non-digestible carbohydrates that occur naturally in plant foods.
Dietary fiber is defined as nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that occur naturally in plants, comprising soluble and insoluble types with respective health benefits for digestion.
The food and nutrition board of the national academies defines "nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that occur naturally in plant foods" as dietary fiber. Dietary fiber is a crucial part of a healthy diet, providing numerous health benefits. It is classified into two types: soluble fiber and insoluble fiber.
Soluble fiber dissolves in water and can help to slow down the absorption of nutrients, which reduces insulin spikes.
Insoluble fiber does not dissolve in water and helps to add bulk to the stool, thereby stimulating digestive movement. Both types of fibers are found in various plant foods, and their roles are essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system.
During extended periods of heat, many plants close their stomata. how does this behavior most likely benefit the plant?
The carrying capacity of an ecosystem describes the maximum number of organisms that can be supported by the water, food, shelter, etc., that is available in that ecosystem. What will be the most likely result if an ecosystem tries to exceed its carrying capacity?
A. The birth rate will increase. B. More food will be grown to meet the demand. C. The death rate will increase. D. More houses will be built to shelter people.
The death rate will increase will be the most likely result if an ecosystem tries to exceed its carrying capacity. So, the correct option is C.
What is Carrying capacity?The carrying capacity of an environment is defined as the maximum population size of a biological species that can be sustained by that specific environment, given the food, habitat, water, and other available resources.
As the carrying capacity of the ecosystem is reached, greater pressure is placed on the supply that the ecosystem can supply which causes collapse which causes death rates to increase. Carrying capacity is explained as the population size at which the population growth rate equals zero.
Thus, the death rate will increase will be the most likely result if an ecosystem tries to exceed its carrying capacity. So, the correct option is C.
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What is not one of the beneficial characteristics of a vegetarian diet?
One beneficial element often lacking in a vegetarian diet is the provision of all essential amino acids. While vegetarian diets offer many health benefits, they often require careful meal planning to ensure all essential amino acids are included from plant-based sources.
Explanation:A beneficial characteristic typically not associated with a vegetarian diet is provision of all essential amino acids. Complete proteins, which contain all essential amino acids, are typically found in animal sources like meat, dairy, and eggs. Vegetarian diets rely on plant-based foods that usually lack one or more essential amino acids, so vegetarians must combine different sources to ensure they receive all the necessary amino acids.
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Lower saturated fat and cholesterol intake, reducing heart disease risk, is not the only beneficial characteristic of a vegetarian diet.
While a vegetarian diet indeed reduces the intake of saturated fats and cholesterol, it offers a range of other advantages. Vegetarian diets are linked to a lower risk of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, and hypertension. They can be effective for weight management due to lower calorie density and higher fiber content.
Additionally, these diets are considered more environmentally sustainable, with reduced resource consumption and fewer greenhouse gas emissions. Ethical considerations often drive the choice of a vegetarian diet, promoting animal welfare by minimizing or eliminating animal product consumption. Moreover, well-planned vegetarian diets can be rich in nutrient-dense foods, offering essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants.
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Which enzyme builds the new strand by adding nucleotides?
DNA polymerase is the enzyme that builds a new strand of DNA by adding nucleotides, essentially replicating the DNA for cell division.
Explanation:The enzyme that builds the new strand by adding nucleotides is called DNA polymerase. DNA polymerase synthesizes the new DNA strands from the deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates, which are the building blocks of the DNA molecule. It works by 'reading' the template DNA strand and adding complimentary nucleotides to the growing DNA chain. Essentially, it assembles the DNA strand in a 5' to 3' direction, and in doing so, it helps to replicate the DNA within a cell so that it can be properly divided during cell division.
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Briefly describe how the artificial manipulation of plasmids has been used for technological applications
The incorporation of a desired gene from specie to another is achieved using plasmids. We can also say it is used to incorporate a desired gene from particular specie to specie. It is also genetic modification.
The process by which the genetic makeup of an organism is altered is known as genetic modification or genetic engineering.
Examples in this case would be to take a plasmid into antibiotic-resistant bacteria and put it into bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotic, for that reason plasmid insertion into the bacteria that are not resistant to antibiotic would make it to be resistant to antibiotic.
Plasmids are a small molecule of DNA within a cell physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and is able to replicate independently. Plasmids are mostly found in bacteria as small circular, double-stranded DNA, though they are also presents in archaea and eukaryotic organisms.
Plasmids typically can be found in bacterial cells and the gene they carried has advantage towards bacteria (antibiotic resistance). Plasmids are wide in lengths, from about 1000 base pairs to hundred thousands of base pairs.
Plasmids are commonly used by scientists as tools to clone and manipulate genes. Plasmids that are used for these particular purposes are called vectors.
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What percentage of water vapor is found in the air?
0 to 4 percent
4 to 8 percent
0 to 10 percent
5 to 10 percent
Answer:
0 to 4 percent is the percentage of water vapor found in the air.
Explanation:
The percentage of water vapor can range from 0,000002% to as high 4%.
The vapor content in the air varies from place and time because the humidity is determined by the temperature of each zone.
For example at 30 celsius degrees, a volume of air contains 4% water vapor. At -40 celsius degrees approximately 0.2%.
The process by which an rna copy is made from dna.
Motor nerve and all the muscle fibers it controls is called
The dictionary defines equilibrium as a situation in which forces
What animals such as jellyfish or worms may be preserved as carbonaceous films in black shales.?
Elephantiasis is a common condition caused by roundworms; peoples' feet and legs swell up from roundworms blocking the flow of lymphatics. Roundworms can shed their skin and move in soil by a push-and-pull movement of their muscles. They have a digestive system and very primitive excretory and nervous systems.
Answer:
mollusks.
Explanation:
Mollusks and other soft-bodied animals as jellyfish or worms may be preserved as carbonaceous films in black shales.
These animals generally have a body divided into: head, foot and visceral mass. The sense organs are found in the head. The foot is responsible for the movements and, in some animals, like the octopus, it can be replaced by the tentacles. The visceral mass is where all the organs are located.
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during an experiment, a scientist observed prokaryotes that lived near volcanic vents deep in the ocean. The scientist most likely observed
a) photoautotrophs
b) chemoautotrophs
c) heterotrophs
d) photoheterotrophs
what might people do to prevent the devolopment of more superbugs?
a) they should use antibotics only when nessary
b) they should devolop stronger antibotics and use them often
c) they should use stronger disinfectants
d) they should not get vaccinated
there are 9 questions on this test here is 2 the rest are,
A tomato breeder has noticed that a hybrid is not attracting pollinators to its flowers. What genetic change may have occurred in this hybrid? What does that mean for the long-term survival of the hybrid?
A genetic change in a hybrid tomato impacting pollinator attraction may threaten its long-term survival by reducing seed production. Examples include mutations affecting flower traits, such as those influenced by the Style2.1 gene. Hybridization techniques must balance effectiveness with practicability, and the genetic change needed for speciation can be minimal.
Genetic Changes in Hybrid Tomatoes and Pollination
A genetic change that might occur in a hybrid tomato causing it not to attract pollinators could involve a mutation in a gene affecting flower morphology, scent, or color, which are essential traits for attracting pollinators. An example is a mutation in the Style2.1 gene that affects the protrusion of the stigma beyond the anthers, a trait that could impact pollinator attraction. If pollinators are not attracted to the flowers, then the hybrid tomato's long-term survival could be threatened due to reduced seed set and therefore fewer offspring in subsequent generations.
The need to self-pollinate tomatoes for several generations after hybridization is to stabilize desired traits within the new variety. This contrasts with the concept of dehybridization, which is typically used with naturally inbreeding crops to capture specific desirable traits while reducing hybrid vigor. The downside of dehybridizing is that it can lead to inbreeding depression and a loss of beneficial genetic diversity.
When considering hybridization systems for tomatoes, options such as hand emasculation, male sterility, and genetic engineering have different strengths and weaknesses. Hand emasculation is labor-intensive, male sterility can be environmentally sensitive, and genetic engineering offers the most targeted modifications with minimal non-target effects. Personal preference for a hybridization method would be based on a balance of these factors.
Genetic change required for a new species can sometimes be minimal, involving a change in only a few gene loci. This change could provide a prezygotic isolating mechanism, preventing cross-pollination and thus, species divergence.
How would the extinction of tiger sharks impact the biodiversity of oceans?
Freckles are small, spots of a skin pigment called melanin. Most fair-skinned, red-haired people have them. Freckles are controlled primarily by the MC1R gene. Freckles are a dominant trait: parents who have freckles tend to have children with freckles. Bill and Barb both have freckles. Yet of their four children, one child does not have freckles! What must be the genotypes of Bill and Barb?
A) BB and BB
B) BB and Bb
C) Bb and Bb
D) Bb and bb
its d Bb and bb i think sorry if its wrong
Answer:
The correct answer would be C) Bb and Bb.
The phenotype of both parents is a dominant trait. Thus, both of them must contain at least one copy of the dominant allele.
Therefore, the genotype of both parents would be B_.
Case I: When both parents are homozygous dominant, that is, BB. All the offspring would be BB, that is, all have freckles.
Case II: When one parent is homozygous dominant and other is heterozygous, that is. BB and Bb. All the offspring would be either BB or Bb. Thus, all the offspring would have freckles.
Case III: When both the parents are heterozygous dominant, that is, both are Bb. The offspring can have BB, Bb, or bb. One out of four children would have no freckles.
Thus, the correct answer would be C) Bb and Bb.
Type of reproduction takes place in archaebacteria and eubacteria
Answer:
Explanation:
Before knowing their reproduction process let's first understand what is Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
Archaebacteria- are the oldest living anaerobic organisms on earth. They are unicelled prokaryotes and can live in extreme conditions like inside a volcano vent, hot springs and acidic/alkaline aquatic environment.
Reproduction- They reproduce by asexual reproduction process. Binary fission takes place where the genetic material is duplicated and then the cell wall pinches off from the center and thereof divides into two new daughter cells. They may also divide by fragmentation or budding.
Eubacteria- are the most common organisms found and are known as the true bacteria. They are of single celled prokaryotic origin and have no nucleus, They occur commonly in three shapes i.e. round, rod and spiral.
Reproduction- Mostly, they reproduce by binary fission, where the parent cell divides into two new daughter cells. But some may divide by a process called budding where an outgrowth takes place in the parent cell which gets separated later and the parent cell remains with the new cell formed.
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Sally is examining some untitled diagrams. One diagram shows a cotyledon, primary leaf, and hypocotyls, whereas the other diagram shows presence of coleoptile, primary leaf, and primary root. What do these diagrams depict?
germinating seeds of a dicot and a monocot respectively
germinating seeds of a monocot and a dicot respectively
fertilizing ovules of a monocot and dicot respectively
Mary breckinridge developed her skills as a nurse midwife in _____.
Final answer:
Mary Breckinridge developed her skills as a nurse midwife in New York and through her wartime service in the First World War.
Explanation:
Mary Breckinridge developed her skills as a nurse midwife in several places including New York and abroad during her service in the First World War. Denied admission to Canadian nursing schools, her journey began at the New Rochdale (New York) Hospital School of Nursing in 1914. Her experiences as a public health and school nurse, and later as a Nursing Sister with the American Expeditionary Force's Army Medical Corps during the war, undoubtedly contributed to her skill set as a nurse midwife. Post-war, she continued this noble work until her retirement in 1955.