The right answer is B. peptidoglycans.
Peptidoglycan (or murine, or mucocomplex, or mucopeptide) is a component of the bacterial wall maintaining the shape of cells and providing mechanical protection against osmotic pressure. It forms a thin layer in Gram-negative bacteria and a thick layer in Gram-positive bacteria.
It consists of a carbohydrate moiety (= polysaccharide) and a peptide moiety. The polysaccharide is a glycosaminopeptide polymer wherein N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl-muramic acid (NAM) are linked by beta (1-4) osidic bonds. This bond can be cut off by lysozyme. NAM is a specific compound of bacterial walls. Two polysaccharides are linked by peptide bridges at the level of the NAM, formed by different amino acids: D-alanine, L-alanine, glutamic acid, L-lysine, diaminopimelic acid (lysine analog). Amino acids D are specific for the bacterial wall, they are never found elsewhere.
What observation about light supported Einstein’s theory?
One point of view envisions light as wave-like in nature, producing energy that traverses through space in a manner similar to the ripples spreading across the surface of a still pond after being disturbed by a dropped rock. The opposing view holds that light is composed of a steady stream of particles, much like tiny droplets of water sprayed from a garden hose nozzle. During the past few centuries, the consensus of opinion has wavered with one view prevailing for a period of time, only to be overturned by evidence for the other. Only during the first decades of the twentieth century was enough compelling evidence collected to provide a comprehensive answer, and to everyone's surprise, both theories turned out to be correct, at least in part.
In the early eighteenth century, the argument about the nature of light had turned the scientific community into divided camps that fought vigorously over the validity of their favorite theories. One group of scientists, who subscribed to the wave theory, centered their arguments on the discoveries of Dutchman Christiaan Huygens. The opposing camp cited Sir Isaac Newton's prism experiments as proof that light traveled as a shower of particles, each proceeding in a straight line until it was refracted, absorbed, reflected, diffracted or disturbed in some other manner. Although Newton, himself, appeared to have some doubt about his corpuscular theory on the nature of light, his prestige in the scientific community held so much weight that his advocates ignored all other evidence during their ferocious battles
Answer:
The Sun bent the light from a star. This bending made the star appear in a slightly different position from its actual position. This observation supported Einstein’s theory.
Explanation:
This is the answer for Edmentum! :)
The conditions favorable to population screening for pre-symptomatic diagnosis of a given disease include:
The client enters the obstetrical clinic for birth control information on using a diaphragm. what five (5) instructions would be provided by the nurse to explain use of the diaphragm?
According to the dichotomous key, the organism pictured would be a member of the kingdom
Answer:
It's a Gibbon or orangutanExplanation:
I just assume because I answered a question like this if it's wrong I'm sorry...
What roles do polysaccharides play in living things
Answer:
Polysaccharides, one of the carbohydrate classes, act as structural and supporting elements in plant and bacterial cell walls and also in connective tissue and animal cell lining. They also act as the reserve of energy producing monosaccharides. Reserve homopolysaccharides in plant cells are starch and in animal cells glycogen.
The main functions of structural polysaccharides in animals are the stabilization and support of cellular and fibrous tissue components, conferring resistance while helping to maintain the water and ionic balance.
When a plant is using transpiration to cool off during the day, its stomates are _______ and its water potential is _______ that of the soil. at night, the plant's water potential will be _______ that of the soil (assuming that the soil is receiving sufficient moisture)?
Which of these is a successful time management strategy
Aphotic zones can be found in____.
A) rivers
B) oceans
C) reservoirs
D) aquifers
Its found in oceans if your doing gradpoint
The correct answer is B. Oceans.
Explanation
The aphotic zone is a set of zones characterized by the impossibility of developing photosynthetic processes since less than 1% of sunlight penetrates them. These areas are mainly found in the oceans, approximately from 200 to 4,000 m and the temperature, because in the areas with greater depth, sonar light does not penetrate with the same intensity as in the continental crust. Despite the absence of sonar light, these areas are habitats for species that adapted to these dark conditions. So, the correct answer is B. Oceans.
When the body needs to conserve water, the kidneys excrete a hypertonic urine. what do the terms isotonic and hypertonic mean? since the fluid that is to become urine begins as plasma (an isotonic solution), what must happen to change it to a hypertonic urine?
Isotonic- In an isotonic solution the solvent and the solute are equal in concentration.
Hypertonic- contains more solvent than the solute. In cases of urine, it means there is more water concentration compared to solutes such as glucose, Na ions, Cl ions or Urea.
Process of changing isotonic solution (plasma) to hypertonic solution
Blood enters the kidney through the renal artery which separates many times segmental arteries to interlobular arteries to arcuate arteries to interlobular arteries to afferent arteries which deliver blood to nephron. Afferent arterioles has a greater diameter than the efferent(carries blood from the nephron) hence forcing some components of blood out of glomerular capillaries such as water, salt, glucose, urea are passed to Bowmans capsule and are known as glomerular filtrate(contains about 20% of blood plasma) glomerular filtrate is passed from renal capsule to renal tube .Blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered out because of their large size.
Reabsorption
Tubular reabsorption occurs through three mechanisms
Diffusion-movement of molecules\ions particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
active transport- a movement of molecules from a low concentrated area to a high concentrated area against a concentration gradient by use of energy
Osmosis-movement of water molecules from of hypotonic concentration to hypertonic concentration through a semi-permeable membrane.
Water and glucose are reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule.There is a high concentration of sodium ions in the filtrate hence it moves from tubular fluids to the proximal convoluted tubule. Other substances that are reabsorbed include glucose, amino acids, lactic acids and bicarbonate ions. 80% of water is reabsorbed through diffusion.
In the loop of Henle, the remaining water, dissolved salts and urea passes through the descending loop of Henle (permeable to water and less permeable to Na, Cl, and urea) this being so it increases the osmotic gradient hence the solutes are reabsorbed by the ascending loop of Henle (permeable to Cl and Na ions impermeable to water)
In the distal convoluted tubule the anti-diuretic hormone makes cells to be more permeable to water hence allows more water to go back to the blood.
Final answer:
The kidneys excrete hypertonic urine to conserve water by reabsorbing solutes from the isotonic plasma, thus increasing the urine's osmolarity. Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentrations in the cells, whereas hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentrations, leading to water exiting the cells.
Explanation:
When the body needs to conserve water, the kidneys excrete hypertonic urine. The terms isotonic and hypertonic are relative measures of osmolarity, or solute concentration, of a solution compared to another solution. In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell, which means there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell. A hypertonic solution, conversely, has a higher concentration of solutes compared to another solution, leading to water moving out of the cells into the surrounding fluid.
Plasma is considered an isotonic solution to the body's cells. To convert the isotonic plasma to hypertonic urine, the kidneys must actively reabsorb solutes from the to-be-excreted fluid back into the bloodstream, thus elevating the osmolarity of the urine. This process ensures that water is retained in the body, especially when dehydrated or when the body needs to maintain higher water retention. The kidneys' ability to adjust the osmolarity of urine is fundamental to maintaining homeostasis within the body.
Even if you live in the middle of North America, the quality of your watershed can affect the quality of the ocean. How can this be?
Evaporation carries materials from your watershed to the ocean.
Materials in your watershed are eventually transported to an ocean.
The amount of water in your watershed will affect ocean evaporation.
Materials in your watershed are not transported to an ocean.
The answer is B) Materials in your watershed are eventually transported to an ocean.
"which action changes the abiotic components of an organism's environment?"
which is a drawback to using incineration to dispose of toxic materials? A. fire is a thermal pollutant B. the smoke that results is toxic C. the ashes that result are toxic D. some toxins will not burn
The answer is the ashes that result are toxic.
Why does a desert have a dramatic change in temperature during the day and at night? Because
c. significally lower
i had the same question its the RIGHT ONE
Ms. Green's biology students were studying cellular respiration. One simple organism, yeast, can be used to test the rate of fermentation using different variables. Each group mixed 2 grams of yeast with warm water and placed the mixture into one of five test tubes. The variables can be seen on the graph of student data. Test tube five held only yeast and warm water. The groups used the height of the carbon dioxide bubbles produced in a test tube to determine which group had the highest rate of fermentation. Based on the data collected, what must be added to the yeast in the test tube in order to facilitate fermentation?
a food source
Both glucose and sucrose are sugars, a food source. The test tubes with boiled water and just water showed no fermentation taking place. The boiling killed the yeast; plain water had no food present.
A eukaryotic cell that is involved in synthesizing large amounts of protein might be expected to have
A eukaryotic cell that synthesizes large amounts of protein is expected to have a significant number of ribosomes and a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, as well as numerous mitochondria for energy.
A eukaryotic cell that is involved in synthesizing large amounts of protein might be expected to have numerous ribosomes, a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (ER), particularly the rough ER where ribosomes are attached for protein synthesis, and a sizeable Golgi apparatus for modifying, sorting, and packaging the proteins.
Proteins are critical to a cell's functions, and ribosomes are the macromolecular machines that synthesize proteins. The rough ER is involved in the production of proteins destined for insertion into the cell membrane, secretion, or use in lysosomes. The smooth ER is associated with lipid synthesis and detoxification processes. After synthesis, proteins are transferred to the Golgi apparatus, which further modifies them and directs them to their final destinations.
In addition to ER and Golgi, you would expect such a cell to have significant numbers of mitochondria for providing the necessary energy (ATP) required for the protein synthesis process.
Which are limiting nutrients for plant growth?
The answer would be
d) phosphorus and nitrogen
Answer:
phosphorus and nitrogen
Explanation:
edge
Assume that a drop in parasite abundance reflects an effective immune response by the host. explain the pattern you described in question 2.
What is the function of the Compact Bone?
Final answer:
Compact bone is the dense external layer of bones that provides protection and strength. It consists of units called osteons, which are aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone. The osteons contain a mineral matrix, living osteocytes, and canaliculi that transport blood.
Explanation:
Compact bone, also known as cortical bone, is the hard external layer of bones and surrounds the bone marrow. Its main function is to provide protection and strength to bones. Compact bone tissue is made up of units called osteons, which are cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix and living osteocytes connected by canaliculi. These canaliculi transport blood and the osteons are aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone. Each osteon consists of layers of compact matrix called lamellae that surround a central canal called the Haversian canal, which contains the bone's blood vessels and nerve fibers. Compact bone tissue is located in areas of bone where stresses are applied in only a few directions, helping the bone resist bending or fracturing.
Trees are able to transport water hundreds of feet up from the roots because of
Which characteristic sets hominins apart from other primates?
A mutation within a gene that will insert a premature stop codon in mrna would ________. result in a longer polypeptide chain result in a shortened polypeptide chain change the location at which transcription of the next gene begins have the same effect as deleting a single nucleotide in the gene
Answer:
Option B, result in a shortened polypeptide chain
Explanation:
Premature stop codon causes mutation which is called as non-sense mutation. In a non-sense mutation, the nonsense codon do not code for any amino acid instead they stop the coding and causes end of protein synthesis. Due to this, proteins are not synthesized to their full length and are also incomplete. These proteins are mostly nonfunctional, inactive and mutated.
Hence, option B is correct
Other factors being equal, which sensory stimulus is least likely to lead to sensory adaptation?
what could the character trait be that would come after chimp
The character trait that could come after "chimp" is likely "cleverness."
- Character traits are descriptive qualities that define an individual's personality or behavior.
- "Chimp" is often associated with traits such as curiosity, playfulness, and intelligence, as chimpanzees are known for their complex social behaviors and problem-solving abilities.
- Following the concept of a continuum of traits, a characteristic that could come after "chimp" may be "cleverness," which further emphasizes the cognitive abilities and adaptability of these animals.
- Cleverness implies resourcefulness, quick thinking, and the ability to devise creative solutions to challenges, traits that are often observed in chimpanzees and other intelligent species.
The _______ system is the primary system that prevents the risk of various infections.
Weather Fronts mark the _________ betweel two air masses.
What is a primary reason an increase in glaciers on land would cause sea level to fall? g?
How many milligrams of arsenic would be a typical amount in a 60.-kg adult?
Final answer:
A typical 60-kg adult might have no more than 3 mg of arsenic, as it's an essential trace mineral thought to be required at levels less than 50 ppb to avoid toxicity.
Explanation:
The typical amount of arsenic in a 60-kg adult can be understood by looking at arsenic levels required for nutrition and when it becomes toxic. Arsenic is thought to be an essential trace mineral, with humans likely needing no more than 50 parts per billion (ppb). Considering the body weight, a typical 60-kg adult could thus be estimated to have no more than 3 milligrams (mg) of arsenic in their body to maintain essential physiological functions without reaching toxic levels. A toxic dose begins at approximately 7,000 ppb, which emphasizes the importance of the minute required quantity.
Exposure to arsenic can occur through various sources including contaminated drinking water, mining, agriculture, toxic waste, and even traditional medicines. Due to its potential to affect enzyme function, arsenic toxicity is a major concern; as such, testing for arsenic levels in urine, blood, or hair is implemented for diagnosis. These levels are used to ensure they stay within the non-toxic range for human health.
A researcher is looking through a microscope at a petri dish full of mouse embryos. these embryos appear as balls with no indentations along their surfaces. these embryos are most likely:
what is correct sequence of repair as a fracture bone goes through the healing process?
Final answer:
The bone healing process involves four key stages: formation of a fracture hematoma, callus formation, replacement of cartilage with trabecular bone, and bone remodeling into a stronger, more compact structure.
Explanation:
The Healing Process of a Bone Fracture:
When a bone is fractured, the body undergoes a natural bone repair process that can be broken down into four main stages. These stages ensure the broken bone heals correctly and regains its strength over time.
Fracture Hematoma Formation: Shortly after the fracture, blood vessels at the site are damaged and a hematoma forms. This clot is crucial as it lays the groundwork for the healing process.Callus Formation: Next, soft tissue develops around the fracture known as a callus. This includes both internal and external calli, which stabilize the fracture.Trabecular Bone Formation: The cartilage within the calli is gradually replaced by spongy bone trabecula, which forms a bridge between the broken bone ends.Bone Remodeling: The final stage involves the remodeling of spongy bone into stronger, compact bone over time, restoring the bone to its original shape and function.Throughout these stages, nutrition and proper stabilization, like using a cast or surgical pins, are vital for effective healing. Additionally, exposure to stress during remodeling can help bones become thicker and stronger, adapting to the stresses placed on them, while bones not under stress could lose mass.
A J-shaped curve is called a(n) _______.
Answer:
Exponential curve
Explanation:
The growth of population is represented with the help of population growth curves.An exponential growth curve is a J- shaped curve that shows the growth of the population in areas where there are unlimited resources present. In the presence of unlimited resources, there is a very fast growth of population however this growth decreases as the resources become limited.The pattern formed from such an increasing population size in the presence of unlimited resources results in a J-shaped exponential growth curve.Example- bacterial growth