Which is a definition of discrimination that most directly applies to classical conditioning?
a. prototype matching to organize information into categories.
b. maintaining information in memory through repetition
c. differential treatment, usually negative, based on group membership
d. recognizing an object as distinct from its surroundings
e. learning to respond differently to similar stimuli?

Answers

Answer 1
The right answer is learning to respond differently to similar stimuli. Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which you learn to respond in a certain way as a response to a stimulus that has been associated. During the discrimination process, the person learns to respond differently to similar stimuli.

I hope this information can help you.

Related Questions

Jerry's style of conflict is to shrink away from any argument, change the topic when the argument is brought up, and withdraw from the scene either physically or psychologically. this is known as the _______ style.

Answers

This is known as "avoiding" style.

The objective of the avoiding style is to abstain from settling on a choice at whatever cost. Neither your worries nor the worries of the other party require be fulfilled. Clearly, this style is just suitable when the issues are of low significance, or it is obvious to the two gatherings that the outcomes of postponement in settling on a choice will be insignificant.

Which term refers to using any type of power to demean, exploit, or take advantage of someone, or influencing someone to do something they later regret?

Answers

The correct answer is abuse of power. Abuse of power is defined as a form of official misconduct or malfeasance in office by which a person shows or done an unlawful act that may affect the performance of the official duties.

Your spouse has decided that the best way to teach your son prosocial behavior would be to let him watch prosocial programs on television. what might be a problem with this approach?

Answers

The answer is "Prosocial behaviors are shown much less than aggressive behaviors on TV, so there aren't very many opportunities to learn from prosocial behavior on TV.".


Prosocial behavior happens when individuals act to profit others instead of themselves. Aggressive behavior can make physical or enthusiastic mischief others. It might go from verbal manhandle to physical mishandle. It can likewise include hurting individual property.

Ralph, a white student who grew up in maine, is about to enter the university of southern california on an athletic scholarship. he is aware that many of his teammates will be black and assumes that they will dislike him and ostracize him. ralph's attitude is best described as an example of ______. prejudice ambiguity nonconformity

Answers

Ralph's attitude is best described as an example of "prejudice".

Prejudice is a full of feeling towards a man or gathering part construct exclusively in light of that individual's gathering participation. The word is frequently used to allude to biased, generally negative, sentiments towards individuals or a man as a result of their sex, sex, convictions, values, social class, age, incapacity, religion, sexuality, race/ethnicity, dialect, nationality, magnificence, occupation, training, guiltiness, don group connection or other individual qualities.

Depressed people tend to attribute their negative experiences to causes that are internal, stable, and global. this pattern supports the _____ theory.

Answers

The answer is "helplessness theory".


Helplessness theory is the view that clinical gloom and related psychological maladjustments may come about because of such genuine or saw nonattendance of control over the result of a circumstance. Learned helplessness is conduct run of the mill of a creature and happens where the subject continues over and again agonizing or generally aversive boosts which it can't escape or keep away from. After such experience, the creature frequently neglects to learn or acknowledge "escape" or "evasion" in new circumstances where such conduct would likely be successful. 

what is the relationship between citizens and government?

Answers

citizens can help decide the government leaders depending on the type if government. in a presidential democracy citizens vote for a president while in a autocracy they don't have any votes or
Citizens have a really strong relationship with the government because A teacher is a citizen therefore helping the government with the job they made by teaching students. they also vote for a president which the government cannot choose the president because if they do citizens will be extremely angry and will go against the government. Citizens will also pay the government money for food. The government provides jobs for people and the government gets money for that as well.

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Blair's family members usually go their separate ways, don't eat meals together and rarely disclose personal information to one another. they are an example of a ________ family

Answers

The missing word is Laissez-faire

To complete the last sentence:

They are an example of a laissez-faire family.

What does laissez-faire mean?


Laissez-faire 
in politics, means a policy of minimum governmental interference.

-this laissez-faire is also called as individualism and it is a French word that means "let people do as they choose"

Marcel is affected by serious, persistent problems that involve relationships, aggression, fear, and depression. he is suffering from ________.

Answers

He is suffering from "emotional and behavioral disorders".

An emotional and behavioral disorder is an enthusiastic handicap described by the accompanying a powerlessness to construct or keep up relational associations with peers or educators. Predictable or endless wrong kind of conduct or sentiments under typical conditions and an inclination to create physical side effects, torments or preposterous feelings of trepidation related with individual or school issues.

People with panic disorder are more likely than other people to have which condition?​

Answers

Panic disorder is often diagnosed after medical tests or emergency room visits have ruled out other serious illnesses

Enables injured parties to directly convey to the judge (and the public) the extent of their suffering and their beliefs about what an appropriate sentence might be.

Answers

I believe the answer is: Allocation

This allocation is usually being proposed in order to determine the amount of payaback that the defendant should received.
The process would be more convincing if the injured parties able to provide materialistic proof from professionals about the value of the damage (such as hospital bill)

​in _______, the supreme court ruled that indigent facing the death penalty who are not capable of representing themselves must be provided counsel.​

Answers

He applied his skill in engineering to toughen up the defence

In Gideon v Wainwright, the supreme court ruled that indigent facing the death penalty who are not capable of representing themselves must be provided counsel.

In the case of Gideon v. Wainwright, the Supreme Court ruled that indigent individuals facing the death penalty who are not capable of representing themselves must be provided counsel. This landmark decision established the constitutional right to counsel for defendants who cannot afford legal representation, ensuring a fair trial and access to justice.

Powell v. Alabama, also known as the Scottsboro Boys case, was a significant case in the history of the right to counsel, but it specifically addressed the right to counsel in state criminal trials and did not directly involve the death penalty. Johnson v. Zerbst was another important Supreme Court case that established the right to counsel for indigent defendants in federal criminal trials, but it did not pertain specifically to the death penalty. Douglass v. California is not a relevant case that addresses the right to counsel or the issue of indigent defendants facing the death penalty.

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The complete question is, "In _______, the supreme court ruled that indigent facing the death penalty who are not capable of representing themselves must be provided counsel.​

a. Powell v Alabama  

b. Johnson v Zerbst

c. Gideon v Wainwright

d. Douglass v California"

Paul is very self-centered, doing what he wants whenever he wants to, seeking immediate gratification. according to freud, paul's behavior is most strongly driven by his

Answers

The answer would be the id. This is the identity part made up of oblivious clairvoyant vitality that attempts to fulfill fundamental urges, needs, and wants. Likewise, it works in light of the joy standard, which requests quick satisfaction of necessities.
Final answer:

Paul's behavior, according to Freud's psychoanalytic theory, is driven by his Id, which operates on the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification.

Explanation:

According to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory, Paul's behavior is most strongly driven by his Id. The Id is the unorganized, instinctual part of the personality structure that contains basic drives. It operates on the pleasure principle, which is the idea that every wishful impulse should be immediately gratified, regardless of the consequences. Paul's self-centered behavior and pursuit of immediate gratification are characteristic of the Id dominating his personality.

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Humanistic psychology emphasizes the importance of: question 1 options:
a.reciprocal determinism.
b.a positive self-concept.
c.an external locus of control.
d.empirically derived tests.

Answers

The answer is B. a positive self-concept 

Humanistic psychology deals with the individual as a unique person. It emphasizes the role of feelings and motives relating to self-esteem. And self-esteem can only be attained through a positive self-concept. 

A and  C are related. Reciprocal determinism is a theory proposed by Albert Bandura that says a person's behavior is very much influenced by personal factors and his environment. External locus of control is determined by the environment. For D, it's too far from the correct answer because empirical tests are only given to validate a person's personality. 


Final answer:

Humanistic psychology emphasizes a positive self-concept, which is seen as crucial for personal growth and realizing one's potential. It values individual awareness and choice-making, contrasting deterministic theories that see behavior as a response to external stimuli.

Explanation:

Humanistic psychology primarily emphasizes the significance of a positive self-concept as it concerns personal growth and potential. This school of psychology believes that individuals seek self-fulfillment and mental growth. A positive self-concept enables people to become aware of their ability to control their lives and make meaningful and deliberate choices. This contradicts the deterministic theories which claim that human behavior is just a response to environmental stimuli. The focus lies on the inherent goodness of people and their inherent capacity for understanding their lives.

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Peter berger describes modernization in terms of several important changes. read the responses below and select the one that is not a pattern of change that berger links to modernity.]

Answers

The question provides no options to choose from, I came across the question previously and here are the options:

a. a smaller share of people living in urban places
b. the expansion of personal choice
c. increasing social diversity
d. a future orientation and growing awareness of time

 

The answer is “A”, “a smaller share of people living in urban places”.

Peter Ludwig Berger was an Austrian American and Protestant scholar. Berger is ostensibly best known for his book, co-wrote with Thomas Luckmann, The Social Construction of Reality: A Treatise in the Sociology of Knowledge , which is viewed as a standout among the most compelling writings in the human science of learning and assumed a focal part in the advancement of social constructionism.


The process of developing relationships for the purpose of socializing and politicking is?

Answers

I believe the answer is: networking

networking is very common in corporate levels where connection alone could land you the projects that help your company survive the following year.
It is very important to have good interpersonal skills and ability to read nonverbal language to be efficient in networking.

Tension was thick in the room as the management team discussed changes to promotion requirements. but then chris made a joke about jake's white-knuckled grip on his pen, and the laughter seemed to improve the mood. chris was acting in a ______ role.

Answers

I believe the answer is: Maintenance role

In an organization, people who held the maintenance role would played a crucial role in maintaining a certain level of performance/productivity among other members. This could be done by doing things such as, providing emotional support, relieving working tension, giving counseling for troubled members, etc.

Keeping records of deeds, mortgages, births, and marriages is the function of

Answers

Keeping records of deeds, mortgages, births, and marriages is the function of "county governments".

Without state and local government, our life would be troublesome. Governments settle on choices on what is best for the general great of our locale. They set up standards and frameworks with the goal that individuals in our locale can live respectively calmly.

Why is it not a good idea to drink sea water when people are lost at sea?

Answers

it doesn't matter if people are lost at sea you just never are supposed to drink sea water. it's disgusting it has chemicals and people have peed in there. the point is it's very nasty to drink sea water. and it's not good for your health.
There are many good sources on the web to search good questions like this. oceanservice.noaa.gov gives a good answer. It basically says that the salt content in sea water is too high for our kidneys to handle. Our kidneys filter excess nutrients, like salt, and urea from our blood, but they can only make so much urine at a time and only while the blood is hydrated. So basically, the human body cannot expel enough of the salt in sea water in time to make the blood healthy again because the salt content in urine can only be so much.

Numinous treasure taoism provided a way for chinese people to _____________.

Answers

treat their joint paint is the ans

Answer:

Treat their joint pain

Explanation:

Numinous treasure Taoism provided a way for Chinese people to treat their joint pain. TRUE FACT ABOUT TAOISM: Taoism teaches to reject hate, to reject intolerance, and to live with compassion, harmony, and balance in one's life. Violence is considered to be a last resort in Taoism. Taoism can help one to decrease stress in their life, which is known to cause illness. Taoism teaches that bad deeds and sin result in illness.

I hope you have a great day or night!

Uncontrollable thoughts and worries are to _____ as uncontrollable behaviors are to _____. hallucinations; delusions anorexia nervosa; bulimia nervosa compulsions; obsessions obsessions; compulsions

Answers

The correct answers are obsessions; compulsions.

Answer 1: Obsessions refer to uncontrollable, intrusive and compelling thoughts and beliefs a person has that causes him or her significant anxiety and distress. An example of an obsession could be constant nagging thoughts about germs, infections and diseases, and a strong prevailing belief that one is at a high risk for contamination. These thoughts would be anxiety provoking and distressing for an individual. 

Answer 2: Compulsions refer to behaviors and actions that are repeated and uncontrollable. Compulsions are behaviors individuals have an urge to perform due to their obsessive thoughts. For instance, if a person has obsessive thoughts about germs, bacteria and contamination, he or she might engage in repeated compulsive behaviors such as over washing his or her hands, avoiding physical contact with perceived unhygienic surfaces and other people. 

Uncontrollable thoughts and worries are to obsessions as uncontrollable behaviors are to compulsions.

When an individual not only retains elements of his or her original culture but also adapts to elements of a new one, he or she is adopting the _____ approach to acculturation?

Answers

Answer:

Integration

Explanation:

In normal approach to acculturation, new comers that come to a new society will forget their previous cultural identity and started to adopt the characteristics of the dominant culture.

In Integration approach to acculturation on the other hand,  Those newcomers will still make an effort to adopt the characteristics of the dominant culture, BUT they are not letting go of their culture of origin. This will be resulted in the combination of two different cultures into one unique culture.

Example of this would be when Korean immigrants come to United States and  introduced Korean Food to United States market.

But rather than using the original ingredients that used In Korea, they started to add additional ingeridients such as Cheese to their oriental fish to appeal more to American market.

Which classifiers would be best used to indicate a vehicle parking on the street?

Answers

Answer:

CL:3 and CL:B

Explanation:

Final answer:

The best classifiers for indicating a vehicle parking on the street are Chronological, Utility, and Social classification systems. These systems assess vehicles based on age, function, and the owner's perceived social status, respectively, offering a detailed view of urban vehicular diversity.

Explanation:

The question revolves around the best classifiers for indicating a vehicle parking on the street. To effectively classify vehicles, one could consider three main systems: Chronological, Utility, and Social classification systems.

Chronological classification involves categorizing vehicles based on their age. This allows for the assessment of how vehicle models and technology have evolved over time.

Utility classification focuses on the function of the vehicle, whether it's primarily used for transporting people, objects, or both, and may also consider the vehicle's capability in terms of terrain adaptation.

Social classification reflects on the perceived social status of the vehicle's owner, which can be inferred from the brand, model, and condition of the car.

Each of these classification systems provides unique insights into the characteristics of vehicles parking on the street, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of vehicular diversity in an urban setting.

Studies by loftus and palmer, in which people were quizzed about a film of an accident, indicate that

Answers

I believe the answer is: people's recall may easily be affected by misleading information.

Films and accidents tend to happen really fast and even the witness near the crime scene couldn't fully grasp how and why the situation happened.
As it turned out, when they're asked about the situation, they tend to filled in the blanks with made up personal's opinion or other people's misleading information.

The term that means difficulty in speaking or making a sound is:

Answers


The correct answer is - dysphasic or dysphonic.Dysphasia is a speech disorder that makes it difficult for a person to generate speech and sometimes also understand it. It is generally a symptom of brain damage or disease. Dysphonia is a similar condition but it's caused by a physical disorder of speech organs. 
Dysphasic or Dysphonic

Dysphasic is the impairment of communication and linguistic comprehension, especially when compared with brain injury in an accident. The failure to talk or learn words because of a brain wound.

Dysphonia is any speech impairment that makes it troublatic in conversing. Challenges in talking normally marked and wittnessed by hoarseness. Any irregularity in the vocal speech example as hoarseness. Dysphonia puberum leads to the voice fluctuations that occur in young boys.

Frank was seen laughing inappropriately in the library as if he were responding to internal stimuli. on the bus home, he was crying uncontrollably and suddenly became angered when a fellow passenger offered him a tissue. frank's excess of inappropriate behaviors exemplifies the _____ typical of schizophrenia.

Answers

The answer is positive symptoms of schizophrenia. Individuals determined to have schizophrenia generally encounter a blend of positive (i.e. mind flights, hallucinations, dashing musings), negative (i.e. detachment, absence of feeling, poor or nonexistant social working), and psychological (muddled contemplations, trouble concentrating and additionally following guidelines, trouble finishing undertakings, memory issues).

Some conflict theorists ascribe to the idea that as time and technology move forward, elderly people are left behind and they lose social standing and power. which specific theory does this describe ? modernization theory age stratification theory exchange theory continuity theory

Answers

The correct answer is the modernization theory.

The modernization theory is a sociological theory that focuses on the evolution of society in terms of technological and other developments over time, and its effects on individuals in society. From this theoretical perspective, one of the effects of modernization in society is that older generation individuals are unable to keep up with the advances in technology due to which they might feel obsolete and lose social standing and power. 

Josie is a cross-country runner. she completed a cross-country race 8 hours ago and has been sipping water since then. when she goes to the bathroom, she notices that her urine is dark in color. this is most likely a sign of:

Answers

The scenario in which Josie who is a cross-country runner despite the fact that during the 8 hours long race has been sipping water but her urine is dark in color is a sign of inadequate hydration.
She has lost more water (because of the difficulty of the race) than she has consumed.
Proper hydration is crucial in sport.

Several theories have been proposed for how collective action comes about. match each theory to the corresponding example.

Answers

Final answer:

Collective action theories explain group behavior in achieving common goals. We have defined three types - tragedy of the commons, free riding, and the prisoner's dilemma, with practical examples for each. The disturbance theory, which prompts action in response to external events, has also been explained with an example.

Explanation:

Collective action theories explain how individuals group together to achieve a common goal. Here, we tackle three main types of collective action issues: tragedy of the commons, free riding, and the prisoner's dilemma.

The tragedy of the commons is seen when resources available to all get depleted. An example would be individuals using a shared refrigerator without replacing the food - to prevent this, rules on labeling and replacement can be established.

Free riding involves benefitting from a group activity without participating. For example, not helping to clean a shared living space but enjoying the cleanliness provided by others. The group members can compel the free riders to do their fair share.

The prisoner's dilemma highlights how strategic individual actions can lead to collective harm. For example, in negotiations between nations, if trust doesn't exist and cooperation is not enforced by a third party, all involved parties can get harmed.

There are also other theories like disturbance theory, which suggests external events mobilize collective action. Like reading Rachel Carson's Silent Spring stirred collective environmental action by increasing membership in environmental groups like Greenpeace.

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Final answer:

Collective action problems involve the tragedy of the commons, free riding, and the prisoner's dilemma. Solutions include restricting exploitation, monitoring and sanctions for free riding, and building trust and cooperation to overcome the prisoner's dilemma.

Explanation:

Collective action problems involve group decisions in which individuals within the group would benefit from cooperating with other group members, but they each have incentives not to cooperate. The three main types of collective action problems are the tragedy of the commons, free riding, and the prisoner's dilemma. To overcome these problems, various theories and examples have been proposed.

The tragedy of the commons: This problem occurs when a resource available to all is depleted due to individual exploitation. To prevent this, an authority can restrict exploitation or the resource can be privatized. For example, a fishing community can establish rules and regulations to conserve the fish population.Free riding: This problem arises when individuals benefit from a group activity without participating in it. It can be avoided through monitoring, detecting free riders, and imposing sanctions. For instance, a group project in school can assign roles and responsibilities to hold individuals accountable.The prisoner's dilemma: In this situation, individuals act strategically in ways that harm themselves and make it challenging to get allies to work together. Overcoming this dilemma requires trust and cooperation. An example could be two competing businesses agreeing to set fair prices to avoid an unproductive price war.

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Social loafing is most likely to occur among
a. audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced
b. factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity
c. a group of runners competing for first place in a race
d. students who are each assigned a different topic for their course term papers

Answers

I believe the answer is: a.  audience members who are asked to applaud after a speaker is introduced.

Social loafing refers to the social process when an individuals start to making less effort to work when they're in a group setting compared to when they're working individually.
When audiences is asked to give applaud , most of you would notice that some of the audiences would clap slower or not clap at all because they believe the other audiences would cover for them.
Final answer:

Social loafing is most likely to occur among individuals who are working in a group and their individual efforts cannot be easily identified or evaluated.

Explanation:

Social loafing refers to the tendency for individuals to exert less effort when they are working in a group compared to when they are working alone. It is most likely to occur in situations where individual efforts cannot be easily identified or evaluated. It refers to the tendency of individuals to exert less effort when working collectively in a group compared to when working individually.

It arises from reduced feelings of personal responsibility and can negatively impact group productivity and performance. Based on the options given, the group of factory workers paid on the basis of individual level of productivity is least likely to experience social loafing because their individual efforts are directly linked to their pay.

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Briefly explain 2 merits and 2 demerits of fees must fall campaign

Answers

The Fees must fall was a Student Protest movement in South Africa in response to government Fee Hikes in Universities across the country.

Merits:

1. The movement helped reduce the burden on students belonging to middle-income and low-income families who were already struggling to meet fees.

2. The movement was successful in repealing the fee hike

Demerits:

1. The movement quickly escalated into widespread protests nationwide and eventually lead to violence and destruction of public property. The protests caused more than $44 million worth of damage

2. The Fees Must Fall movement also resulted in internal disagreements and was hijacked by political parties which resulted in the movement eventually losing momentum.
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