The saturated solution among the provided options is the one with 52g KCl in 100g water at 80 degrees Celsius, because KCl's solubility limit at this temperature is about 51g per 100g of water, and this solution marginally exceeds that amount. Hence correct option C.
To identify which option represents a saturated solution, one must refer to the solubility curves for each substance at the given temperatures. A saturated solution is one where the maximum amount of solute has dissolved in the solvent at a specific temperature. If more solute is added to a saturated solution, it will not dissolve and will remain as a precipitate. Conversely, if the amount of solute in a solution is less than the solubility limit at that temperature, the solution is considered unsaturated.
Looking at the options given by the student:
For NH₄Cl, its solubility at 50 degrees Celsius is approximately 62g per 100g of water, so if there's 40g NH₄Cl in 100g of water at 50 degrees Celsius, it is an unsaturated solution since it is less than the solubility limit.
For SO₂, its solubility at 10 degrees Celsius is much higher than 2g per 100g of water, implying that this is an unsaturated solution as well.
With KCl, the solubility at 80 degrees Celsius is about 51g per 100g of water. Since 52g KCl is mentioned, this solution is just over the saturation point, making it a saturated solution.
Lastly, KI's solubility at 20 degrees Celsius is around 140g per 100g of water, so a solution of 120g KI in 100g water is unsaturated.
Therefore, the correct answer is the one with 52g KCl in 100g water at 80 degrees Celsius, as it is the only saturated solution listed.
Which statement describes a process involved in the evolution of Earth’s early atmosphere?
- Cyanobacteria transformed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into oxygen during photosynthesis.
- Heavier gases escaped through Earth’s atmosphere, leaving only lighter gases such as oxygen behind.
- Volcanic eruptions produced enough oxygen to create Earth’s atmosphere.
- The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere declined due to respiration, or breathing.
The early atmosphere was reducing but became oxidizing when Cyanobacteria transformed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into oxygen during photosynthesis.
What was the nature of the early atmosphere of the earth?The early atmosphere of the earth was a reducing in nature unlike the present atmosphere.
Changes that occurred in the organisms on earth helped to convert the early atmosphere to an oxidizing one.
Cyanobacteria transformed carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into oxygen during photosynthesis thereby releasing oxygen into the atmosphere and making it oxidizing in nature.
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The chemical breakdown of enormous quantities of organic material buried in the sedimentary rocks has produced ____ gas.
Answer: Methane
Explanation:
The sedimentary rocks includes enormous amounts of organic matter that is produced by the decomposition and degradation of the dead matter from plants and animals. These rocks may exhibit methane gas a valuable fossil fuel. It is a greenhouse gas. The burning of one molecule of this gas produces one molecule of carbon dioxide and two molecules of water.
The ksp of tin(ii) hydroxide, sn(oh)2, is 5.45 × 10-27. calculate the molar solubility of this compound.
The molar solubility of a compound can be calculated using its solubility product constant, Ksp. For tin(II) hydroxide, the Ksp is used in conjunction with the stoichiometry of its dissolution in water to find the maximum amount that can dissolve per liter of solution.
Explanation:The solubility product constant, or Ksp, is a measure of how much of a particular ionic compound can dissolve in a solution. It's used to calculate the molar solubility, which is the maximum amount of the compound that can dissolve per liter of solution. In this case, the Ksp of tin(II) hydroxide, Sn(OH)2, is given as 5.45 × 10-27.
To calculate the molar solubility, we use the expression for the dissolution of Sn(OH)2 in water: Sn(OH)2 (s) <==> Sn2+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq) Due to the stoichiometry of the reaction, the concentration of Sn2+ is 'x' and that of OH- is '2x'. The KSP expression is: Ksp = [Sn2+][OH-]^2 = x * (2x)^2 = 4x^3. Setting this to the given Ksp value, we get: 5.45 × 10-27 = 4x^3. Solving for 'x' gives us the molar solubility of Sn(OH)2.
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what substance is considered to be the "universal" solvent? why?
Water is called the "universal solvent" due to its ability to dissolve many substances, which is crucial for supporting life. This is because of the polar nature of water molecules that allows them to interact with various compounds, making water indispensable for chemical reactions in the body and ecosystems.
Explanation:Water (H₂O) is often referred to as the "universal solvent" because of its exceptional ability to dissolve many different substances, which is essential for life. This property is due to the polar nature of water molecules, which have a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom and a partial positive charge on the hydrogen atoms.
Solvent power is one of water's significant features; it can form true solutions with many substances, resulting in homogeneous mixtures. Water's polarity enables it to dissolve not only polar and ionic compounds, which are hydrophilic or "water-loving," but also to interact with nonpolar compounds, albeit less readily.
Water's ability to dissolve a myriad of substances makes it an ideal environment for cellular components to react and facilitate chemical reactions necessary for life. Moreover, water's role as a solvent is crucial in biological systems where it dissolves nutrients and other essential compounds, facilitating their transport and chemical reactions within the body.
Write the formula for the polyatomic ion of ba3(po4)2: express your answer as an ion. express single charges as [+], not [1+]
The polyatomic ion in Ba3(PO4)2 is PO4^3-. To construct the formula for an ionic compound with polyatomic ions, the formula for the polyatomic ion is enclosed in parentheses if it is needed in more than one quantity, and the subscript representing the quantity is placed outside the parentheses.
Explanation:The formula for the polyatomic ion in Ba3(PO4)2 is PO43-.
The whole compound Ba3(PO4)2 is composed of barium ions (Ba2+) and phosphate ions (PO43-).
Since barium has a charge of 2+ and phosphate has a charge of 3-, for the charges to balance in Ba3(PO4)2, we need three barium ions to balance the charge of two phosphate ions.
Each phosphate ion is a group of one phosphorus atom and four oxygen atoms carrying a net charge of 3-.
When writing the formula for a compound with more than one polyatomic ion, the formula of the polyatomic ion must be enclosed in parentheses with the appropriate numerical subscript outside the parentheses.
This subscript indicates the number of polyatomic ions in the compound.
Hence, the compound name calcium phosphate is represented by the formula Ca3(PO4)2, where three calcium ions balance the charge of two phosphate ions.
In glycolysis, one molecule of glucose containing 6 carbons is converted to two molecules of ________ containing 3 carbons each. this reaction also yields two molecules of _______ and two molecules of _______.
an example of an empirical formula
The molecular formula for glucose is c 6 h 12 o 6 . what would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration reactions?
A scientist is measuring the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction that produces a red-colored product. as the solution containing the product becomes more concentrated, how do you predict absorbance (a) and transmittance (t) to change?
Answer: Absorbance will increase; Transmittance will decrease
Explanation:
According to the Beer-Lambert law the attenuation of light depends on the material it is travelling through. The Beer-Lambert Equation is defined by A = ε l c.
A = Absorbance of light by the material
ε = molar extinction co-efficient of the material
l = path length of light
c= concentration of the material
In this case the material is the substance producing red color.
From the above equation absorbance (A) is directly proportional concentration, then absorbance will increase with increase in concentration of the product.
Transmittance (t) is the amount of light able to be transmitted through the material. Thus absorbance and transmittance are inversely proportional and defined by the Equation: Absorbance = 2 - log (%T)
%T = Fraction of light that is transmitted, an increase in absorbance will cause a decrease in transmittance.
Benzene is the simplest example of _____ compound.
i know the answer is aromatic but can someone explain why please
How does recycling wood products help maintain the supply of forestland for a longer period of time?
A. Recycling increases the consumption of new wood.
B. Recycling increases the cost of new wood.
C. Recycling reduces the supply of new wood.
D. Recycling reduces the demand for new wood.
Recycling reduces the demand for new wood is correct
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Which of the following describes a saturated solution?
A. One containing 1 g of sugar in 100 mL of water.
B. One that contains as much solute as it can hold at a given temperature.
C. One that contains less solute than it can hold at 25oC.
D. One in which the ratio of solute to solvent is small.
E. One that is equivalent to a supersaturated solution.that is equivalent to a supersaturated solution.
Final answer:
The correct answer is B. One that contains as much solute as it can hold at a given temperature. This is because a saturated solution is exactly that; it has reached its solubility limit for solute at a specific temperature and cannot dissolve any more of that solute.
Explanation:
A saturated solution is one in which the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved by the solvent at a given temperature has been reached. If no more solute can be dissolved at that temperature, the solution has reached its solubility limit. This is in contrast to an unsaturated solution, where less solute is dissolved than the solvent can hold at that temperature. Furthermore, a supersaturated solution contains more solute than the normal solubility limit due to special circumstances, such as being carefully cooled after being heated to dissolve the extra solute, but this is not a stable state.
Considering the options provided:
A. This is an example of a solution but does not specify if it is saturated or not.B. One that contains as much solute as it can hold at a given temperature. This is the correct definition of a saturated solution.C. This describes an unsaturated solution.D. This statement is about dilution, which does not indicate saturation.E. A supersaturated solution is different from a saturated solution as it contains more solute than what is normally possible at a given temperature.The weighted average of the mass numbers of all the isotopes that occur in nature for particular element is the average atomic number true or false
If 36.0 g of mgso4⋅7h2o is thoroughly heated, what mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate will remain?
Answer: The mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate that will remain is 17.6 grams.
Explanation:
To calculate the number of moles, we use the equation:
[tex]\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}[/tex] .....(1)
Given mass of [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex] = 36.0 g
Molar mass of [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex] = 246.47 g/mol
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]\text{Moles of }MgSO_4.7H_2O=\frac{36.0g}{246.47g/mol}=0.146mol[/tex]
The chemical equation for the heating of [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex] follows:
[tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O\rightarrow MgSO_4+7H_2O[/tex]
By Stoichiometry of the reaction:
1 mole of [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex] produces 1 mole of anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
So, 0.146 moles of [tex]MgSO_4.7H_2O[/tex] will produce = [tex]\frac{1}{1}\times 0.146=0.146mol[/tex] of anhydrous magnesium sulfate
Now, calculating the mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate by using equation 1, we get:
Molar mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate = 120.37 g/mol
Moles of anhydrous magnesium sulfate = 0.146 moles
Putting values in equation 1, we get:
[tex]0.146mol=\frac{\text{Mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate}}{120.37g/mol}\\\\\text{Mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate}=(0.146mol\times 120.37g/mol)=17.6g[/tex]
Hence, the mass of anhydrous magnesium sulfate that will remain is 17.6 grams.
1. For the balanced equation shown below, how many moles of O2 will react with 0.3020 moles of CO2?
2C2H5OH + 6O2 → 4CO2 + 6H2O
A. 0.151 moles O2
B. 0.201 moles O2
C. 0.302 moles O2
D. 0.453 moles O2
2. How much heat is required to convert 74 grams of ice at -4 C into 74 grams of water at 52 C?
Use the information below:
Hf= 334 J/g
A. 606 J
B. 24,716 J
C. 4000 J
D. 41, 406 J
Which of these is a property of liquids?
I. viscosity
II. surface tension
III. volatility
I and II
II and III
I and III
I, II, and III
A six carbon carbohydrate would have how many hydrogen atoms?
A(n) ________ is a group of atoms that determines many of the properties of an organic molecule.
What coefficients are needed to balance the following equation?
H2O + Fe Fe2O3 + H2
The coefficients needed to balance the equation H2O + Fe → Fe2O3 + H2 are 4H2O + 3Fe → Fe2O3 + 4H2. These coefficients ensure the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
Explanation:To balance the equation H2O + Fe → Fe2O3 + H2, we need to ensure that the number of each type of atom on the left side of the equation matches the number on the right side. The balanced equation would be: 4H2O + 3Fe → Fe2O3 + 4H2. Here, we are using stoichiometry which is a part of chemical reactions. In balancing chemical equations, coefficients are used in front of the chemical formulas to indicate the number of molecules or atoms involved in the reaction.
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What determines the color of the egg shell ?
A .100 molal aqueous solution of which compound has the lowest freezing point
ΔT = Kf · b(solution) · i.
Kf - the freezing point depression constant.
i - Van 't Hoff factor. Because dissociate on one cation and one anions, sodium hydroxide has i = 2, other molecules has covalent bonds (i = 1, do not dissociate on ions).
Because molality and the freezing point depression constant are constant, greatest freezing point lowering is solution with highest Van 't Hoff factor.
Answer: NaOH
Explanation:
Actions of the non-valence electrons, diluting the force of the attraction between nucleus and valence electrons is called
How many calories does unsaturated fat provide per gram?
What is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of nitic acid calcium hydroxide?
Calcium nitrate is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of nitic acid calcium hydroxide.
What is salt?Sodium chloride (NaCl), a mineral component important to health of humans and animals as well as business. To differentiate it from a family of chemical compounds known as salts, the crystalline type halite, meaning rock salt, is often referred to as common salt.
Table salt, which is widely used as a condiment, is fine-grained as well as of high purity. Small amounts of potassium aluminosilicate, tricalcium phosphate, and magnesium silicate are added to guarantee that such a hygroscopic compound remains free-flowing while exposed to the atmosphere. Calcium nitrate is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of nitic acid calcium hydroxide.
Therefore, calcium nitrate is the chemical formula of the salt produced by the neutralization of nitic acid calcium hydroxide.
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What is the volume, in mL, of 0.50 moles of ammonia (NH3) at STP?
A. 1120 L
B. 22.32 mL
C. 8500 mL
D. 11,200 mL
Final answer:
The volume of 0.50 moles of ammonia at STP is calculated by multiplying the number of moles by the standard molar volume (22.41 L) resulting in 11,205 mL, making option D (11,200 mL) the closest correct answer.
Explanation:
To find the volume of 0.50 moles of ammonia (NH₃) at STP, we use the concept of the standard molar volume of a gas. The standard molar volume is the volume occupied by one mole of any gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), which is defined as 0°C (273 K) and 1 atm pressure. For any ideal gas, which includes ammonia under these conditions, this volume is 22.41 liters (L).
Therefore, to calculate the volume occupied by 0.50 moles of NH₃ at STP, we multiply the number of moles by the standard molar volume:
Volume = 0.50 moles × 22.41 L/moleVolume = 11.205 LSince the question asks for the volume in milliliters (mL), we convert liters to milliliters by remembering that 1 L = 1000 mL:
Volume = 11.205 L × 1000 mL/LVolume = 11,205 mLTherefore, the correct answer is D. 11,200 mL, which is the closest to our calculated volume of 11,205 mL.
What is the empirical formula of a substance that is 53.5% C, 15.5% H, 31.1% N?
The compound diborane (b2h6) was at one time considered for use as a rocket fuel. its combustion reaction is b2h6(g) + 3 o2(â) â 2 hbo2(g) + 2 h2o(â) the fact that hbo2, a reactive compound, was produced rather than the relatively inert b2o3 was a factor in the discontinuation of the investigation of the diborane as a fuel. what mass of liquid oxygen (lox) would be needed to burn 106.3 g of b2h6?
To burn 106.3 g of diborane (B₂H₆), 368.64 g of liquid oxygen (LOX) would be required. This is calculated based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical combustion reaction.
Explanation:To calculate the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) needed to burn 106.3 g of diborane (B₂H₆), we must first use the balanced chemical equation for the combustion of diborane:
B₂H₆ (g) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 HBO₂ (g) + 2 H₂O (l)
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of B₂H₆ reacts with 3 moles of O₂. First, determine the molar mass of B₂H₆ which is (2 × 10.81) + (6 × 1.008) = 27.7 g/mol. Now, divide the given mass of B₂H₆ by its molar mass to get the number of moles of B₂H₆:
106.3 g B₂H₆ × (1 mol B₂H₆/27.7 g) = 3.84 moles of B₂H₆
Now calculate the moles of O₂ required using the stoichiometry of the reaction (3 moles of O₂ per mole of B₂H₆):
3.84 moles of B₂H₆ × 3 moles O₂/1 mole B₂H₆ = 11.52 moles O₂
Finally, calculate the mass of O₂ using the molar mass of O₂ which is (2 × 16.00) = 32.00 g/mol:
11.52 moles of O₂ × 32.00 g/mol = 368.64 g of O₂
So, 368.64 g of LOX would be needed to burn 106.3 g of diborane (B₂H₆).
Use the periodic table to determine the electron configuration for aluminum (al) and arsenic (as) in noble-gas notation.
Answer: Electronic configuration of
1. Aluminium is [tex][Ne]3s^23p^1[/tex]
2. Arsenic is [tex][Ar]4s^23d^{10}4p^3[/tex]
Explanation: To write the electronic configuration of the elements in the noble gas notation, we first count the total number of electrons and then write the noble gas which lies before the same element.
For Aluminium:Atomic number = 13
Total number of electrons = 13
Noble gas which lies before this element is Neon (Ne).
Neon has 10 electrons, rest 3 electrons are filled in 3s and 3p sub-shells.
Electronic configuration of Aluminium becomes [tex][Ne]3s^23p^1[/tex]
For Arsenic:Atomic number = 33
Total number of electrons = 33
Noble gas which lies before this element is Argon (Ar).
Neon has 18 electrons, rest 15 electrons are filled in 4s , 3d and 4p sub-shells.
Electronic configuration of Arsenic becomes [tex][Ar]4s^23d^{10}4p^3[/tex].
Answer:
C and the other one is A
Explanation:
trust me
A 2.00 g sample of a bromine oxide (brxoy) is converted to 2.94 g of agbr. all the bromine in the original oxide compound ends up in the agbr (molar mass for agbr = 187.8). determine the empirical formula of the bromine oxide.
How many molecules of glucose are produced by each cycle of the light reaction?
With the addition of solar energy, the overall chemical reaction for photosynthesis is 6 molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 6 molecules of water (H2O). This results in the formation of 1 molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) and 6 molecules of oxygen (O2).
What is glucose ?Glucose is the most common type of sugar found in the blood and the primary source of energy for the body's cells. Glucose comes from the foods we eat, or it can be produced by the body from other substances.
So, Six "turns" of the Calvin cycle combine six carbon atoms from six CO2 molecules with 12 "hot hydrogens" from NADPH using chemical energy from ATP. C6H12O6 is the resulting molecule of glucose.
Light energy is used in photosynthesis to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. 1 glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules are produced for every 6 carbon dioxide and 6 water molecules.
Thus, 1 molecules of glucose are produced by each cycle of the light reaction.
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